译林版高中英语必修第一册Unit 2 Let's talk teens Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage学案

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
简单句、并列句和主从复合句
[教材示例]
观察下列句子属于简单句、并列句还是主从复合句？
1．Teenagers' physical changes may result in such family tensions.
2．You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends.
3．When it all gets too much，your parents are often the first targets of your anger.
4．It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too.
5．Unfortunately，your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy.
6．Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family，you can take action to improve the situation.
7．Everything will turn out all right in the end，and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood.
[我的发现]
(1)属于简单句的是句1和句4；
(2)属于并列句的是句5和句7；
(3)属于主从复合句的是句2、句3和句6。
英语句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：简单句，并列句和主从复合句。
一、简单句(simple sentence)
简单句是只含一个主谓结构的句子，按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1．陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法，分为肯定句和否定句。
(1)肯定句
She is fond of collecting stamps.
她喜欢集邮。
(2)否定句
He doesn't want to meet me.
他不想见我。
2．疑问句：提出问题，分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
(1)一般疑问句：助动词、情态动词或系动词置于句首。
Can you finish the work in time
你能按时完成工作吗？
(2)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词置于句首。
Where do you live
你住哪儿？
(3)选择疑问句：通常会有or出现。
Do you want tea or coffee
你是要茶还是要咖啡？
(4)反意疑问句：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句。
He doesn't know her，does he
他不认识她，对不对？
3．祈使句：提出请求，建议或发出命令。
(1)肯定形式分为：
①Do型：动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分。
Have a seat here.
坐这边。
②Be型：Be ＋表语(名词或形容词)＋其他成分。
Be a good child!
要做一个好孩子！
③Let型：Let ＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分。
Let me help you.
让我来帮你。
(2)否定形式：
①Don't / Never＋动词原形＋其他成分。
Don't swim in the river.
别在河里游泳。
②No＋名词/动词 ing形式。
No smoking!
禁止吸烟！
4．感叹句：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，通常由what或how引起感叹句。
What good news it is!
多好的消息啊！
二、并列句(compound sentence)
两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫作并列句。其基本结构是“简单句＋并列连词＋简单句”。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。并列连词有：and，but，or，so等。
(一)表示并列关系的并列连词and
and连接并列成分时，意为“和，同，与，又，并且”。
Stand over there and you'll be able to see it better.
站在那边，你就能看得更清楚了。
(二)表示转折、对比关系的并列连词but，yet，while
1．but“但是，可是，而，却”
but连接两个简单句，有时句中某些词可以省略；连接两个并列成分，可以放在一个句子的句首，后面不接逗号。
The watch was cheap，but it goes quite well.
这块表虽然便宜，但走得很好。
2．yet“但是；尽管如此”
yet可连接两个句子，用逗号分开，也可在yet前加and，还可以放在一个句子的句首。
The car is old，yet it is in good condition.
这辆车旧了，但车况很好。
3．while“而，但是，可是，却”
while作连词用时，可表示对比或转折关系。
Some experiments are difficult while others are easy.
有些实验是难的，而其他一些实验是容易的。
(三)表示选择关系的并列连词or
　or连接并列成分时，意为“或者，还是”；用于否定句中，意为“也不”，这时不宜用and；还有“否则，要不然”之意，相当于otherwise。
Hurry up，or you'll miss the train.
快点，不然你怎么都赶不上那班火车了。
(四)表示因果关系的并列连词for，so
1．for “因为”
由并列连词for引导的分句常置于句子后部，而且常用逗号与前面的分句隔开。for分句主要是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for分句不能用来回答why问句。
He felt no fear，for he was very brave.
他很勇敢，因为他毫不畏惧。
2．so“因此”
可以连接两个句子，中间有时用逗号隔开。
It was late，so we went home.
天晚了，所以我们就回家去了。
三、主从复合句(complex sentence)
主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
(一)名词性从句
1．主语从句
在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。位于谓语动词之前。通常由that，whether以及疑问连词引导。一般情况下，常用it替代主语从句，而将主语从句移到句尾。
What he said is true.
他说的是真的。
It is true that Tom has died.＝That Tom has died is true.
汤姆去世了是真的。
2．宾语从句
在句子中充当宾语的从句叫作宾语从句
(1)在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
They think that the bridge was built 100 years ago.
他们认为这座桥是100年前建造的。
(2)下列结构(系表结构)后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry/afraid/sure/glad ＋that从句。
I'm afraid that he isn't in at the moment.
恐怕他此刻不在家。
3．表语从句
作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that，whether，as though (if)；关系代词who，what，which，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever等；关系副词when，where，why，how，however，whenever，wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。
The trouble is that we are short of money.
困难是我们资金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.
这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
4．同位语从句
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。
(1)同位语从句的位置：常跟在某些抽象名词(如idea，news，fact，promise，hope，message等)后面。
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
(2)有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所修饰的名词后，而被别的词隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
(二)定语从句
在复合句中作定语用来修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1．定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。
The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.
手上拿了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。
2．语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词，其中that，which，who，whose称为关系代词，where，when，why称为关系副词。
3．关系代词或关系副词的作用：
(1)关系代词who，whom 和whose指人，分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which只能指物，that多指物，有时也指人，它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。
This is the person(that/who/whom)we are looking for.
这就是我们正在找的人。
Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in.
请找一间足够大能住下我们所有人的房间。
(2)关系副词when或where引导定语从句时，它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。
This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.
这是一个星期前他们在里面吵架的房间。
I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
(三) 状语从句
在复合句中作状语，其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、条件、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。
1．时间状语从句通常由when，as，while，after，before，since，as soon as，till (until)，while，whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾，特别注意，时间状语从句不允许使用将来时，而应该用现在时替代(主将从现)。
When you finish the work，you may go out to play with Sam.
你完成工作就可以出去和Sam一起玩了。
I won't leave until Mum comes back.
妈妈回来了我才会离开。
2．条件状语从句通常由if，unless，no matter(无论)，as long as(只要)等引导，条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾，特别注意，条件状语从句也不允许使用将来时，而应该用现在时替代(主将从现)。
You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work much harder.
即将来到的期末考试你肯定考不及格，除非你更用功。
If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we shall go hiking.
如果明天不下雨我们就要去徒步旅行。
No matter what he says，I will believe him.
无论他说什么，我都相信他。
3．地点状语从句通常由 where，wherever等引导。
Go back where you came from!
哪里来还回到哪里去！
I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be.
我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼，无论他会在哪里。
4．原因状语从句通常由because，as，now that，since等引导，一般放在句首或句尾。
He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him.
他出国了，因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。
5．目的状语从句通常由so that...，in order that...等引导，往往放在句尾，从句中通常含有can/could/may/might等情态动词。
He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train.
他起身更早为的是赶上第一班火车。
6．结果状语从句通常由so...that...等引导，放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情，故多为过去时态。
He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one.
他丢了那么多辆自行车，他决定再也不买新车了。
7．比较状语从句通常由as，than，as (so)...as等引导，一般省略从句的谓语部分，只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。
Jane is much taller than I/me.
简比我高多了。
I don't have as many books as you (do).
我的书没有你的多。
8．让步状语从句通常由though，although，as，even if，even though，however，whatever等引导。
Even if you pay the debt for me，I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me.
即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你，因为它与我毫无关系。
He wears a T shirt though it is very cold.
他穿了一件T恤衫，尽管天很冷。
[名师点津]　because与so，though/although/but不可以同在一个句子中成对出现；时间、条件、原因、让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。
design vt.设计；制订n.设计；设计艺术
(教材原句)So，we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood.所以我们设计了TeenHealthWeb来帮助你走向成年。
(1)be designed for 为……而设计
be designed to do sth. 目的是/计划做某事
by design 故意地，蓄意地(＝on purpose)
(2)designer n. 设计师
[佳句背诵]　These products are designed for the disabled people.
这些产品是专为残疾人士而设计的。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①The Hope Project is designed to help (help) those children who drop out of school because of poverty.
②The boy left his schoolbag at home by design because he didn't finish his homework.
③Her wedding dress is designed by a female designer (design)，who is well known around the world.
◎能力提升——微写作
④As far as I know，the course is designed for beginners.
据我所知，这门课程是专为初学者设计的。
[语境串记]　I like the design of the bike which was designed by a famous designer.The bike is designed to attract young people to take exercises.So it is designed for sports lovers.我喜欢一位著名设计师设计的自行车。这辆自行车是为吸引年轻人参加锻炼而设计的。所以它是为体育爱好者设计的。
expert n．专家，行家 adj. 熟练的，内行的，专家的
(教材原句)Users are encouraged to post their problems，and they will get advice from our health experts and other forum users.
我们鼓励用户发布他们的问题，他们将从我们的健康专家和其他论坛用户那里得到建议。
(1)be expert at/in/on (doing)sth. 精通/善于(做)某事
(2)expertly adv. 熟练地，巧妙地
[佳句背诵]　They have to be expert at dealing with any problems that arise.
他们必须熟练的处理随时发生的各种问题。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①Some experts (expert) have pointed out that fruit juices can be harmful to children's teeth.
②Though the girl is only seven years old，she can cook some dishes expertly (expert).
◎能力提升——微写作
③He is expert at/in/on training different kinds of animals.
他擅长训练各种动物。
[语境串记]　The expert is expert in repairing all kinds of machines.Whatever the problems of machines are，he can deal with them expertly.
这位专家擅长修理各种机器。不管机器有什么问题，他都能熟练地处理它们。
likely adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的
(教材原句)It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.
很可能你的问题已经在我们的论坛上讨论过了。
(1)sb. be likely to do sth.　 某人有可能做某事
(2)It is likely that... 有可能……
[佳句背诵]　You are likely to fall behind in your studies if you don't study hard.如果你不努力学习，你很有可能在学习方面就会落后。
[易混辨析]　与likely有相似意思的还有：possible和probable，用法如下：
possible 主语不能是人，常用句式“It is possible for sb. to do sth.”或“It is possible that...”。
probable 不能用人或动词不定式作主语，常用句式为“It is probable that...”。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①Studies show that people are likely to suffer (suffer) from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
②If one is late for a job interview，it is not likely that he will get the job.
◎能力提升——同义句转换
③It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
→You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
eager adj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的
(教材原句)I'm eager for my parents' love.
我渴望父母的爱。
(1)be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)eagerly adv. 渴望地，急切地
(3)eagerness n. 热切，渴望
in one's eagerness 急切地，热切地
[佳句背诵]　Children are always eager for the arrival of the Spring Festival.
孩子们总是很盼望春节的到来。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①The three day event attracted people from all areas of the city who were eager to broaden (broaden) their knowledge.
②The children in poverty mountain areas are eager for big and clean classrooms.
③My cousin said she did well in her college entrance exam and is eagerly (eager) awaiting her admission letter.
④In our eagerness (eager) to make a living，we often forget about our quality of life.
◎能力提升——微写作
⑤It's human that everyone is eager for success.
人人都渴望成功，这是人之常情。
维度一　单词拼写
1．If you often work with passive(消极的)attitude，you will not make any progress.
2．Mothers who do full time jobs should have flexible(灵活的)schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
3．Everyone is unique(独一无二的)and there is no one else like you in the world.
4．If there is an emergency，just press(按，压)this button and you will arrive in a minute.
5．The youth(年轻人)are full of energy，just like the rising sun in the morning.
维度二　单句语法填空
1．The worker operated the machine expertly (expert)，and we admired him greatly.
2．Each week I eagerly (eager) counted my growing savings increased by extra work here and there.
3．There are a lot of interesting stories and adventurous (adventure) experiences in his life.
4．We shall never know whether this happened by accident or by design.
5．His excellent performance (perform) last night won the high praise of all judges.
维度三　语法与写作
1．I must do something to cheer him up because he seems in low spirits today.
我必须做点什么使他高兴起来，因为他今天似乎情绪低落。
2．The man is the most experienced one so he is likely to get the job．
这个人是最有经验的，所以他很可能得到这份工作。
3．The course is designed to help students who have mental problems.
本课程旨在帮助有心理问题的学生。
课时精练(六)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
[基础达标]
维度一　判断句子类型：简单句、并列句还是主从复合句
1．We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.(简单句)
2．The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.(主从复合句)
3．There is a chair in this room，isn't there？(简单句)
4．My brother and I go to school in the morning and come back home in the evening.(简单句)
5．He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.(并列句)
6．He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.(主从复合句)
7．Neither has he changed his mind，nor will he do so.(并列句)
8．What he said at the meeting is very important，isn't it？(主从复合句)
9．The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.(简单句)
10．Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.(简单句)
维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．I was just going to have a swim when I noticed a strange object in the seA．
2．Air pollution is getting more and more serious，so we must take action before it is too late.
3．It is easy to make a decision，but hard to stick to it.
4．There is only a little rain and the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.
5．We can take a bus or ride a bike to get there.
6．He asked me to sit down，drink(drink) some water and have a good rest.
7．That surely gave us(we) a great sense of achievement.
8．I would like you to join(join) our school's table tennis team.
9．This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
10．They don't know whether to go there or not.
维度三　句型转换
1．If you smile at life，it will shine on you.(改为并列句)
→Smile at life；and it will shine on you.
2．He was very excited when he saw his son.(改为感叹句)
→How excited he was when he saw his son!
3．He not only speaks English correctly，but also he speaks fluently.(改为倒装句)
→Not only does he speak English correctly，but also he speaks fluently.
4．Whether he'll come this evening is uncertain.(改为it作形式主语的句子)
→It is uncertain whether he'll come this evening.
5．He has five cousins.The youngest of them is the cleverest.(改为含有定语从句的复合句)
→He has five cousins，the youngest of whom is the cleverest.
[素能提升]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Events for Kids
From My Window Giveaway
April 9 April 29，free
What do you see from your window Draw it and enter to win some books and activities from Barefoot Books.They have created a fun，imaginative drawing printable for kids and grown ups to create a scene from their window.Grown ups can share the pictures you create with your kids on the Internet and a winner will be chosen on April 30.
Cook in with Chef Gino
April 20 April 24，free
Join Chef Gino every day at 5 pm this week as we cook with the kids! He'll show live on the Internet，showing kids how to make dinner with what they have on hand.Each day he'll take advice from kids everywhere and select one request(要求)a day and go live the following day at 5 pm to create dinner using only those exact ingredients(原料)!
Blossom(开花)Hunt
March 1 May 31，$l5 adults，$5 ages 5 12
The Garden burst to life in different colors.Take a map and search on for beautiful cherry and rose blossoms.You can learn about the history and story behind these blossoms.Please note the blossoms are seasonal，and weather varies from year to year.This year，it is said that cherry and stone fruit blossoms will range from February to late March and roses in April，May and even into June.
Berkner Break Family Concert
April 17 April 20，free
Children's musician Laurie Berkner is here to make it easier for kids and parents to find a routine (常规)，get up and move，and learn and play together.Each weekday on Laurie's social media，she's posting a video of one of her songs for a Berkner Break，performing such well loved favorites as We Are the Dinosaurs and The Goldfish.
语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个在洛杉矶为孩子们举办的活动，并且介绍了这四个活动的举办时间、主要内容等相关信息。
1．If you join in From My Window Giveaway，you may ．
A．know the result on the last day
B．learn new things on taking photos
C．learn how to draw with grown ups
D．have a chance to win a prize
D　[细节理解题。根据From My Window Giveaway中“Draw it and enter to win some books and activities from Barefoot Books.”可知，参与者有机会获得一些书的奖励，故选D项。]
2．From April 20 to April 24，what will Chef Gino do
A．Organize a cooking competition.
B．Ask one student to cook each day.
C．Teach kids how to cook online.
D．Choose one kid to cook with him.
C　[细节理解题。根据Cook in with Chef Gino中“He'll show live on the Internet，showing kids how to make dinner with what they have on hand.”可知，Chef Gino计划在网上教孩子们烹饪，故选C项。]
3．Which activity is the most attractive to children who love nature
A．From My Window Giveaway.
B．Cook in with Chef Gino.
C．Blossom Hunt.
D．Berkner Break Family Concert.
C　[推理判断题。根据Blossom(开花)Hunt中“Take a map and search on for beautiful cherry and rose blossoms.”可知，对于喜欢大自然的孩子，最有吸引力的活动是Blossom Hunt，故选C项。]
B
Our “Mommy and Me” time began two years ago.My next door neighbor and fellow mother，Christie，and I were out in our front yards，watching seven children of age 6 and under ride their bikes up and down.“I wish I could take one of my children out alone，” said Christie.
Then we worked out a plan: When Christie takes one of her children out，I'll watch her other three.And when she watches two of mine，I'll take someone out.
The children were extremely quick to accept the idea of “Mommy and Me” time.Christie's daughter，McKenzie，went first.When she returned，the other children showed her with tons of questions.McKenzie was smiling broadly.Christie looked refreshed and happy.“She's like a different child when there's no one else around，” Christie shared with me quickly.With her mother all to herself，McKenzie didn't have to make an effort to gain attention.
Just as Christie had noticed changes in McKenzie，I also discovered something different in each of my children during our alone times.For example，I am always surprised when my daughter，who is seldom close to me，holds my hand frequently.My stuttering(口吃的)son，Tom，doesn't stutter once during our activities since he doesn't have to struggle for a chance to speak.And the other son，Sam，who's always a follower when around other children shines as a leader during our times together.
The “Mommy and Me” time allows us to be simply alone and away with each child—talking，sharing，and laughing，which has been the biggest gain.Every child deserves(应得)to be an only child at least once in a while.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和邻居Christie配合，实现了和每个孩子都有独处时间，这给孩子带来了好处。每个孩子都需要一些时间拥有父母全部的关注和爱。
4．Right after McKenzie came back，what was the other children's feeling
A．They were happy.
B．They were friendly.
C．They were regretful.
D．They were curious.
D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“When she returned，the other children showed her with tons of questions.”可知，她回来时其他的孩子问她无数的问题，由此可知其他的孩子充满了好奇心，故选D项。]
5．What is one of the changes the author finds in her children
A．Tom has less difficulty in speaking.
B．Sam holds her hand more often.
C．The boys become better followers.
D．The daughter acts like a leader.
A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“My stuttering(口吃的)son，Tom，doesn't stutter once during our activities since he doesn't have to struggle for a chance to speak.”可知，在我们独处时，我口吃的儿子汤姆一次也没有结巴过，因为他不用努力获得说话的机会。因此汤姆讲话没有那么费劲了，故选A项。]
6．Which of the following ideas may the author agree with according the passage
A．Having brothers and sisters is fun.
B．Every child needs parents' full attention.
C．It's tiring to look after three children.
D．Parents should watch others' children.
B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Every child deserves to be an only child at least once in a while.”可知，作者认为每个孩子都值得得到父母全部的关注，故选B项。]
7．What is the text mainly about
A．The experience of the only child being with mother.
B．The happy life of two families.
C．The advantage of spending time with one child at a time.
D．The basic needs of children.
C　[主旨大意题。通读全文及最后一段中“The “Mommy and Me” time allows us to be simply alone and away with each child—talking，sharing，and laughing，which has been the biggest gain.”可知，本文讲述了和每一个孩子独处带来了很多好处，故选C项。]
C
Back in the 1960s，a Harvard graduate student made a great discovery about human anger.At age 34，Jean Briggs was allowed to live in an Inuit community where many Inuit families lived a traditional life.
Briggs quickly realized something unusual was going on in these families.“They never got angry with me，and even showing a bit of anger was considered weak and childlike，” Briggs said.For example，once when someone knocked a hot pot of tea across the igloo(冰屋)，damaging the ice floor，no one changed their look.“Too bad，” the person just said calmly and went to refill the teapot.
Briggs wrote up her observations(观察记录)in her book，Never in Anger.But she was left with questions: How do Inuit parents teach their children this ability How do the Inuit turn irritable(易怒的)babies into cool headed adults
After reading Briggs' book，in early December I came to the Arctic town of Iqaluit，Canada，which is an Inuit town，in search of parenting wisdom，especially when it comes to teaching children to control their feelings.Right off the plane，I started collecting data(数据).
I sat with the elders in their 80s and 90s.I talked with moms.And I attended a local parenting class.All the moms mentioned one golden rule: Don't shout or yell at small children，for it is a tradition among the Inuit to see yelling at a small child as shameful.
The elders I spoke with said colonization(殖民)over the past century is harming the tradition，so the community is working hard to keep their parenting methods.Goota Jaw，who teaches the parenting class at Nunavut Arctic College，is in the front line of this effort.“Shouting is not how we teach our children，” Jaw said.“It is just teaching them to run away.”
“When we shout at a child，we' re training the child to shout，” said author Laura Markham.“Parents who control their own anger are helping their children learn to do the same.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去探访因纽特人如何教导孩子控制情绪的育儿经验，通过走访得知因纽特人有一个传统：不对小孩子大喊大叫。
8．What did Briggs find about the Inuit
A．They often behaved like children.
B．They began to lead a modern lifestyle.
C．They developed a habit of drinking teA．
D．They were quite able to control their anger.
D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“They never got angry with me，and even showing a bit of anger was considered weak and childlike.”可知，他们从不生我的气，甚至表现出一点愤怒都被认为是软弱和孩子气的。由此可推断出，因纽特人善于控制自己的愤怒，故选D项。]
9．Why did the author go to Iqaluit
A．To study how Briggs wrote Never in Anger.
B．To attend a class about the history of the Inuit.
C．To find out how the Inuit raise cool headed kids.
D.To collect data on education in Inuit communities.
C　[细节理解题。由第三段中“How do the Inuit turn irritable(易怒的)babies into cool headed adults？”及第四段中“...I came to the Arctic town of Iqaluit，Canada，which is an Inuit town，in search of parenting wisdom，especially when it comes to teaching children to control their feelings.”可知，作者去往Iqaluit的目的是了解因纽特人是如何培养出头脑冷静的孩子的，故选C项。]
10．What are old Inuit people worrying about
A．Their parenting style is being harmed.
B．Colonization will make the Inuit disappear.
C．Inuit parents become too kind to their kids.
D．Parenting classes are attracting fewer parents.
A　[细节理解题。根据第六段中“The elders I spoke with said colonization(殖民)over the past century is harming the tradition，so the community is working hard to keep their parenting methods.”可知，老人们说，过去一个世纪的殖民统治正在损害传统，因此社区正在努力保持他们的育儿方式。由此可知，老因纽特人在担心他们的育儿方式正在受到损害，故选A项。]
11．Which would Markham most probably agree with
A．Kids follow the example of parents.
B．Teaching kids to be angry is necessary.
C．Parents often learn parenting from their kids.
D．It is sometimes OK to speak to kids seriously.
A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中Markham所说的话“When we shout at a child，we're training the child to shout”和“Parents who control their own anger are helping their children learn to do the same.”可推知，Markham赞同“孩子们以父母为榜样”的观点，故选A项。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The clothes you wear.The food you eat.The color of your bedroom walls.Where you go and how you get there.The people you hang around with.What time you go to bed.What do these things have in common You're asking. 1
As a kid，you didn't have a say in everything；your parents made decisions about everything from the cereal you ate in the morning to the pajamas you wore at night. 2 Kids need this kind of protection on their own.
But finally，kids grow up and become teens.And part of being a teen is developing your own identity—one that is separated from your parents.But as you change and grow into this new person who makes your own decisions，your parents have a difficult time adjusting.
3 And issues like the type of friends you have or your attitudes to partying can cause bigger argument，because your parents still always want to protect you and keep you safe，no matter how old you are.
The good news is that in many families the arguing will lessen as their parents get more comfortable with the idea that their teens have a right to certain opinions.It can take several years for parents and teens to adjust to their new role，though. 4
Sometimes this can feel impossible—like they just don't see your point of view and never will.But talking and expressing your opinions can help you gain more respect from your parents.Keep in mind，too，that your parents were teens once. 5
A．And it's a good thing，too.
B．Meanwhile focus on communicating with your parents.
C．So，in most cases，they can relate to what you are going through.
D．So don't be shy to share these annoying problems with your parents.
E．In many families，this adjustment can cause a lot of fighting between teens and parents.
F．There are always arguments about various things between you and your parents in daily life .
G．They're just a few examples of many hundreds of things that your parents controlled for you.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。当孩子改变并成长为一个可以自己做决定的人时，父母很难适应。本文提出了几点父母和孩子在此阶段相处的建议。
1．G　[上文列举了一系列父母控制孩子生活的事例，空前句提出一个问题，G项(他们只是你父母为你控制的数百件事情中的几个例子。)符合语境。]
2．A　[根据上文“As a kid，you didn't have a say in everything；your parents made decisions about everything”及后文“Kids need this kind of protection on their own”可知，A项(这也是一件好事。)符合语境。说明父母为孩子做所有的决定也是一件好事。A项中it指的是上文中 you didn't have a say in everything；your parents made decisions about everything。]
3．E　[根据上一段最后一句“your parents have a difficult time adjusting.”和后文提到父母和孩子会发生争论的情况可知，E项(在许多家庭中，这种调整会导致青少年和父母之间发生很多争吵。)符合语境。E项中this adjustment对应上段中adjusting，E项中fighting对应后文中argument。]
4．B　[上文提到父母会对孩子有权发表意见的想法变得自在，但父母和青少年可能需要几年的时间来适应他们的新角色，本句应当承接上文说明要适应应该采取的方法，故B项(同时，注重与父母的沟通。)符合语境。且下文“ But talking and expressing your opinions can help you gain more respect from your parents.”也在讲青少年与父母的沟通这一问题。]
5．C　[上文提到父母也曾经是青少年，故本句与上文构成因果关系，指出父母也可以与孩子的经历相关，C项(所以，在大多数情况下，他们可以与你正在经历的有关。)符合语境。C选项中they对应上文parents。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Right since my childhood，I 1. (receive) encouragement from my parents.They always stress the 2. (important) of being a good human.Both my parents are doctors，so they expect me 3. (become) a doctor.But my parents give me the freedom to choose football 4. my career.
They often tell me that it is not the career 5. my attitude to it that influence me.In fact，I know a lot of my friends 6. are not allowed to do what they like，but I am a 7. (luck) child.Today，when I am a father of two lovely kids，I always fall back on my parents' teaching when it comes to 8. (teach) them.I know what difference my parents 9. (make) to my life in the past，so I now try and do the same to my kids.Of course，it is a different generation，but yes，I am a better father because of my own father.I also 10. (deep) admire my mom because of the way she balances her career home and kids.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者父母从小对作者良好的教育，他们强调了做一个好人的重要性，让作者自由选择自己的职业。这些教育也影响到了作者对自己孩子的教育。
1．解析：　have received　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语since my childhood可知，本空应用现在完成时。
2．解析：　importance　考查词性转换。本空在句中作宾语，表示“重要性”，故应用名词importance。stress the importance of意为“强调……的重要性”。
3．解析：　to become　考查非谓语动词。expect sb. to do sth.意为“期望某人做某事”，故本空应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。
4．解析：　as　考查介词。句意：但是我的父母给了我选择足球作为职业的自由。根据句意可知，本空应用介词as，意为“作为”。
5．解析：　but　考查固定搭配。not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，故本空应用连词but。
6．解析：　who/that　考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰名词friends，本空在从句中作主语、指人，故应用关系代词who或that。
7．解析：　lucky　考查词性转换。本空修饰名词child，故应用形容词。
8．解析：　teaching　考查非谓语动词。when it comes to意为“当说到……，当谈到……”，其中to为介词，故本空应用动词 ing形式。
9．解析：　made　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in the past可知，本空应用一般过去时。
10．解析：　deeply　考查词性转换。本空修饰动词admire，故应用副词deeply作状语，意为“深深地”。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)