9A Unit 4 Growing up同步讲义（下）
语法精讲
（一）before、after、when 和 while 引导的时间状语从句
语法示例
1.After he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league.
毕业后，他被迫在另一个篮球联盟打球。（教材 P54）
2.When he finally got the chance, he scored 20 points in his first game.
当他最终得到机会时，他就在首场比赛中得了 20 分。（教材 P54）
语法概述
时间状语从句是指在复合句中充当时间状语的句子。我们可以用 before、after、when 和 while 引导时间状语从句，这些连词既可放在句首，也可放在句中。
考向 1 before 引导的时间状语从句
before 意为"在……之前"，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。
She worked in Shanghai before she came here.
她来这儿之前在上海工作。
Close the windows before you leave the room, please.
你离开房间前请关上窗户。
【典例 1】（2025·营口中考）It is necessary to ask your parents or teachers for some advice ______ you make the final decision.
A. because
B. unless
C. before
D. after
考向 2 after 引导的时间状语从句
after 意为"在……之后"，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。
After you think it over, please let me know your decision.
你仔细考虑以后，请告诉我你的决定。
I went to school after I finished my breakfast.
我吃完早饭后去上学了。
【典例 2】（2025天津中考）My cousin became a country doctor ______ he finished medical school.
A. after
B. so that
C. but
D. so
考向 3 when 引导的时间状语从句
when 意为"当……时"，表示主句动作发生的特定时间。when 引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。
When I got home, my mother was cooking dinner.
当我到家的时候，我妈妈正在做晚饭。
I loved history when I was at school.
我上学时喜欢历史。
考向 4 while 引导的时间状语从句
while 意为"在……期间"，表示主句动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中。
Love your parents while they are alive. Don't wait until it is too late.
父母在世的时候就爱他们，不要等到一切都太迟了。（苏州中考）
While she was listening to the song, she fell asleep.
她听着歌睡着了。
拓
(1) while 还可意为"当……时"，强调主句动作和从句动作是同时发生的，此时主从句通常用进行时态。
While my sister was sweeping the floor, I was washing the dishes.
我姐姐扫地时，我在洗碗。（主从句均为过去进行时）
(2) while 还可意为"而；然而"，表示对比。
I like playing football while my brother likes playing basketball.
我喜欢踢足球，而我的哥哥喜欢打篮球。
特别提醒
在含有 when/while 引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，当主句和从句的主语一致，并且从句谓语有 be 动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和 be 动词。
When (she is) in trouble, she always asks me for help.
她遇到困难时总是向我求助。
While (I am) travelling, I like to buy some souvenirs.
旅游时我喜欢买一些纪念品。
【典例 3】（2025·河北中考）Lisa was busy taking notes ______ Mark was giving a talk.
A. if
B. unless
C. until
D. while
（二）since、till 和 until 引导的时间状语从句
语法示例
1.You've been happy since I first met you.
自从我第一次见到你，你就很快乐。（教材 P55）
2.Do not wake me up until you finish your work.
直到你完成你的工作再叫醒我。（教材 P55）
考向 1 since 引导的时间状语从句
since 作连词，意为"从……以后，自……以来"，引导时间状语从句，此时从句常用一般过去时，对应的主句多用现在完成时。since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。
Great changes have taken place in our hometown since you left.
自从你走后，我们的家乡已经发生了很大的变化。
I have wanted to be a pilot since I was a child.
我从小就想当一名飞行员。
拓
(1) since 作连词，还有"因为；既然；由于"之意，引导原因状语从句。
Since you know you did something wrong, you'd better make some changes.
既然你知道自己做了错事，你最好做出一些改变。
(2) since 还可作介词，意为"自……以后"，后常接表示时间的单词或短语，句子的时态常用现在完成时，且在肯定句中谓语动词要用延续性动词。
She has been here since seven o'clock this morning.
她从今天早上七点钟就一直在这儿。
【典例 4 】用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。（常州中考改编）
China ______ (win) lots of praise since we turned the sand into forests.
考向 2 till 和 until 引导的时间状语从句
till 与 until 意为"直到……为止"，一般情况下两者可以互换。until 可以放在句首或句中，而 till 不可以放在句首。
I will wait for you until/till you come to see me.
我会一直等，直到你来看我。
Until she spoke I hadn't realized she was English.
直到她开口说话，我才知道她是英国人。
特别提醒
如果主句中的谓语动词是非延续性动词，该动词必须用否定形式，构成"not... until/till"结构，意为"直到……才"，表示某动作直到某时间才开始。
I did not go to bed until/till I finished my homework.
直到做完家庭作业，我才上床睡觉。
拓
until 还可用作介词，意为"直到……为止"，后接表示时间的名词或短语。
I was awake until 2 a.m. last night.
我昨晚直到凌晨两点还没睡着。
Don't give up until the last minute.
不到最后一刻不要放弃。
【典例 5】（2025镇江中考）My parents gave red packets to my cousin every Spring Festival ______ she got a job, because she said she was able to make money.
A. after
B. when
C. until
D. since
（三）as soon as 和 whenever 引导的时间状语从句
语法示例
1.It began to rain as soon as I left the house.
我一离开家，天就开始下雨了。（教材 P56）
2.I can read books whenever I want to.
我想看书时，随时都可以看。（教材 P56）
考向 1 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句
as soon as 意为"一……就"，引导时间状语从句时，可以放在句首或句中。
As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started.
我刚到公共汽车站，公共汽车就开动了。
I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
我一到北京就给你打电话。
【典例 6】（2025云南中考）______ he heard the little girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room.
A. As soon as
B. Unless
C. If
D. Although
考向 2 whenever 引导的时间状语从句
whenever 意为"每当；无论何时"，相当于 every time。
Whenever/Every time I have a cold, I get a fever.
我每次感冒都会发烧。
You can ask for help whenever/every time you need it.
你如果需要帮助随时可以提出来。
特别提醒
在含有时间状语从句的主从复合句中，当主句是一般将来时、主句的谓语含有 may、can、must 等情态动词或主句是祈使句时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
I'll ring you up as soon as I arrive in Shanghai.
我一到上海就给你打电话。
We should get to the town before the sun sets.
我们应该在日落前赶到那个镇上。
Don't answer the phone when you cross the street.
过马路时不要接听电话。
【典例 7】 Miss Zhao is very helpful. She helps us ______ we are in trouble.
A. whether
B. although
C. whenever
D. however
Grammar
1.tired out 筋疲力尽的
常用于连系动词后作表语。
They were cold, hungry and tired out.他们又冷又饿，疲惫不堪。
拓 be tired of... 厌倦/厌烦……
Are you tired of sitting too long 你厌倦久坐了吗？
2.It is + the + 序数词 + time + that 从句
表示"这是……第……次……"，其中从句通常用现在完成时，且 that 在口语中常省略。
It is the first time that I have met her.这是我第一次遇见她。
拓 类似的句式还有：
This/That is + the + 序数词 + time + that 从句 这/那是……第……次……
This is the second time that Mr Smith has visited China.这是史密斯先生第二次访问中国。
3.serious adj. 严肃的；认真的
be/become serious about sb./(doing) sth. 认真对待某人/（做）某事
Be serious for a moment; that is important.严肃点儿，这件事很重要。
He was very serious about studying.他学习很认真。
It's only a joke — don't take it seriously!只是一个玩笑——别当真啊！
拓 serious 作形容词其他用法：
I had a fall, but it was nothing serious.我摔了一跤，但是不严重。（严重的）
This is a very serious matter.这是件很重要的事情。（重要的）
I'm ready to do some serious eating.我准备好好吃一顿。（大量的）
4.against / ɡenst; ɡe nst/ prep. 对抗；与……相反；违反
其后接名词、代词或动词 -ing。
be against 反对；be for 支持
Are your parents against your leaving home to work in Shanghai 你的父母反对你离开家乡去上海工作吗？（扬州中考）
拓 [介词]紧靠；碰，撞★
Put the piano there, against the wall.把钢琴放在那儿，紧靠着墙。
Ben was helping his mother make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.当雨点儿开始猛烈地敲打在窗户上的时候，本正在帮助他妈妈做晚饭。
【典例】 用适当的介词填空。
1.Dad, we'll play ______ a strong team in tomorrow's football match.
2.As students, we shouldn't do anything ______ the law.
Integrated skills
知识梳理
1.break out 爆发
多指战争、火灾、打斗等不愉快事件突然发生。
Fire broke out during the night.
夜间突然发生了火灾。
拓 含 break 的其他常见短语：
break up 粉碎；结束；解散
break down 坏掉，出故障；使分解
break into 强行闯入；撬开（汽车等）
break off 中断，停顿；折断
break in 打断他人说话
2.including prep. 包括……在内
作介词，其后常接名词或代词。
Deng Yaping has won many competitions, including four gold medals in the Olympics.邓亚萍赢得了许多比赛，包括四枚奥运会金牌。（2025 广安中考）
拓 include [动词]包括；包含
Our plan includes most of your suggestions.我们的计划里包含了你们的大部分建议。
3.record / rek d/ n. 记录
[可数名词] keep a record of... 记下……
You should keep a record of your expenses.你应该记下你的开支。
拓 [名词]（尤指体育运动中的）纪录
hold/keep a record 保持纪录
world record 世界纪录
set a record 创造纪录
break a record 打破纪录
4.die of/from 死于
辨 die of 与 die from
die of 强调死于内因，主要指饥饿、年老等原因。 指死于疾病时两者可互换。
die from 强调死于外因，主要指地震、交通等原因。
She died of/from a heart attack.她因心脏病发作而死。
He died from a traffic accident.他死于一场交通事故。
拓
die out 灭绝；消失
die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息
5.have sth. done 让/使某事被做
表示"让（他人）为你做（某事）"或"蒙受（他人所为的后果）"，相当于 get/make sth. done。过去分词表示被动，与 sth. 构成动宾关系。
I had my hair cut yesterday.昨天我理发了。
She had her bag stolen.她的包被偷了。
拓
(1) have sth. to do 有某事要做 其中 do 与 sth. 存在动宾关系。
I have an important task to finish.我有一项重要的任务要完成。
(2) have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 相当于 get sb. to do sth.。
I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday.昨天我让玛丽打扫了我的卧室。
【典例 1】 完成句子。（2025十堰中考）
天气太热了！彼得，去理发吧！
It's burning hot! Go and ______, Peter!
6.German / d m n/ adj. 德国（人）的
此处用法
adj. 德国（人）的；德语的
n. 德语
n. German德国人 复数形式：Germans★
语境串记
She has lived in Germany for a long time and made a lot of German friends. She can talk with Germans in German fluently.她在德国住了很长时间，交了许多德国朋友。她能用德语流利地与德国人交流。
7.keep (on) doing sth. 继续/重复做某事
After she returned home, she kept thinking about what to do to help those kids.回到家后，她继续想着如何帮助那些孩子。（广东中考）
—How can I improve my pronunciation, madam
—Keep on practicing and you'll make progress.
——夫人，我怎样才能提高我的发音水平？
——继续练习，你会取得进步的。（邵阳中考）
拓
- keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
- keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
★★★from 不能省略，同义短语 stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 中的 from 可省略
- You shouldn't keep them waiting at the gate. 你不应该让他们一直在门口等候。
- The heavy rain kept them from going out. 大雨阻止了他们外出。
【典例2】用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
—English is difficult to learn at the beginning.
—Yes, but if you keep ______ (try), you can make progress.
8.In her diary, Anne wrote down her thoughts...在日记里，安妮写下了她的想法……（教材 P58）
thought /θ t/ n. 想法，看法，主意
[可数名词]复数形式为 thoughts。
- It's an interesting thought. 这个想法很有趣。
拓
(1) thought [不可数名词]思考，思维
lost in thought 陷入思索
- She was lost in thought. 她陷入了沉思。
(2) thoughtful [形容词]沉思的，深思的；体贴的
- He looked thoughtful for a while. 他看起来沉思了片刻。
- My mother is a very thoughtful woman. 我母亲是一个很体贴的人。
(3) think [动词]认为，想
过去式和过去分词均为 thought。
【典例3】用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
（2025南京市建邺区期中）Many people are used to expressing their ______ (think) and feelings on WeChat Moments.
9.The book A Small Free Kiss in the Dark is also about a young homeless boy and how he survived the war with his friends.《黑暗中的轻轻一吻》这本书也讲述了一个无家可归的男孩以及他是如何跟朋友在战争中幸存下来的。（教材 P58）
survive /s va v/ v. 幸存，生存
survive sth. 幸免于……，在……中幸存
survivor [名词]幸存者
- Did anyone survive the earthquake 有人在地震中活下来吗？（作及物动词）
- With his hard work, more and more trees have survived. 因为他的努力，越来越多的树存活了下来。（重庆中考 B 卷）（作不及物动词）
10.I admire these children for their courage. 我钦佩这些孩子的勇气。（教材 P58）
admire / d ma (r)/ v. 钦佩，羡慕
- admire sb./sth. 钦佩某人/某事
- admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而钦佩某人
- Many teenagers admire the scientists like Yuan Longping. 许多青少年钦佩像袁隆平那样的科学家。
- I admire you for your bravery. 我羡慕你的勇敢。
courage / k r d / n. 勇气
[不可数名词]常用结构：
- have/lose the courage to do sth. 有/失去勇气做某事
- have no courage to do sth. 没有勇气做某事
- take courage 鼓起勇气
- We may meet many challenges in our lives. When we fail, we shouldn't lose courage and confidence. 我们在生活中可能会遇到许多挑战。当我们失败时，我们不应该失去勇气和信心。（2025 达州中考）
- Gradually I have the courage to speak out about anything. 我逐渐有了表达自己意见的勇气。
- Take courage, and I will accompany you! 鼓起勇气，我会陪着你！
【典例4】（2024·南通市通州区期中）Helen showed great ______ when making a speech in front of the whole school, though she's a shy and quiet girl.
A. courage
B. thought
C. progress
D. victory
11.However, it's a pity that they couldn't enjoy a happy life just as we do. 然而很遗憾他们不能像我们一样享受幸福生活。（教材 P58）
It is a pity that... 很遗憾……
- It is a pity that he has to leave. 很遗憾他必须要离开。
拓
(1) What a pity! 多么遗憾啊！
—Sorry, I can't go to the movies with you. 对不起，我不能跟你一起去看电影了。
—What a pity! 太遗憾了！
(2) pity [名词]同情；怜悯
have/take pity on... 同情/怜悯……
- I always have pity on beggars. 我总是对乞丐心怀怜悯。
12.Although we live in peace, some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives. 尽管我们生活在和平年代，然而世界上其他地方的一些孩子仍然过着为生命安全而担忧的生活。（教材 P58）
in fear of... 为……担忧
该短语中，of 后接名词、代词或动词 -ing。
- Little Simba went hunting alone. The Lion King walked around, in fear of his safety. 小辛巴独自去打猎。狮子王四处走动，担心他的安全。（常州中考）
- We walked quietly, in fear of being discovered. 我们悄悄地走，害怕被发现。
Study skills-Task
知识梳理
1.a book which sells well 卖得很好的一本书（教材 P59）
sell well 畅销 不可用于被动语态中。
- His shoes became popular and sold well. 他的鞋子变得流行起来，卖得很好。（陕西中考）
拓
sell out 卖光 可用于被动语态，其被动结构为 be sold out。
- All the blue dresses in the shop have been sold out. 这家商店里的所有蓝色连衣裙都卖完了。
2.My father is in his fifties. 我爸爸五十多岁。（教材 P60）
(1). in one's + 整十数词的复数
表示"在某人……岁时"，如：in one's twenties/thirties/forties/..."在某人二十几岁/三十几岁/四十几岁/……时"。
- Although Deng Qingming is now in his fifties, he keeps training hard. 虽然邓清明现在已经五十多岁了，但他仍坚持刻苦训练。
拓
"in the + 整十数词的复数"表示"在某个年代"，如：in the seventies/eighties/nineties"在七十/八十/九十年代"。
3.You will not find anything unusual about him until you learn more. 直到你更多地了解他，你才会发现他的不寻常之处。（教材 P60）
unusual / n ju u l; n ju l/ adj. 不寻常的
反义词：usual "通常的，寻常的"
注意 unusual 前使用不定冠词时应用 an。
- There're many rocks in unusual shapes — some hang down, and others point upwards. 有许多奇形怪状的岩石，有的向下悬垂，有的向上伸展。（盐城中考）
词缀学习 un-是否定前缀，表示"不，非，未"。常见的含否定前缀 un-的形容词还有：
- unhappy 不高兴的
- unlucky 不幸的
- unfair 不公平的
- unpopular 不受欢迎的
- unfriendly 不友善的
- unclear 不清楚的
★考点点拨 unusual 的常考方向
(1) 考查其发音，通常让填其前的不定冠词 an
(2) 考查相关词形变换
【典例1】 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
（2024·南京市秦淮区期中）It's ______ (usual) for Dave to be late. He's always on time.
4.To my surprise, he has decided to donate his body for medical research after his death. 令我惊讶的是，他已决定去世后捐献遗体供医学研究。（教材 P60）
surprise /s pra z/ n. 惊奇，诧异
在此处作名词，常用短语有：
- to one's surprise 令某人惊奇的是
- in surprise 惊讶地
- To my surprise, he stood up immediately. 令我吃惊的是，他马上站了起来。
- She looked up in surprise. 她惊讶地抬起头。
拓
(1) surprise [及物动词]使惊奇；使感到意外
- His strange question surprised her. 他那奇怪的问题令她感到意外。
(2)
surprised 形容词 感到惊 讶的 通常形容人,指某 人对某事感到惊讶
surprising 形容词 令人惊 奇的 通常修饰事/物,指 某人/某物令人惊奇
语境串记
To my surprise, he wasn't surprised at the surprising news at all. 令我惊讶的是，他对那个令人惊讶的消息一点也不感到惊讶。
【典例2】根据汉语意思完成句子。
（2024·常州市金坛区期中）令我们惊讶的是，失败了许多次后，她依然没有灰心。
______ after she failed many times.
. research /r s t / n. 研究；调查
[不可数名词]do research on sth. 进行关于某事的研究
- They did lots of research there. 他们在那里做了很多研究。（衡阳中考）
- Scientists did some research on city people in an area with few trees. 科学家们对树木稀少地区的城市居民进行了一些研究。（2023 天津中考）
拓 [动词]研究；调查；探讨
- He's been researching material for a documentary. 他一直在研究材料，准备做一个纪录片。
death /deθ/ n. 死，死亡
- People across the country were sad to hear about his death. 听闻他的去世，全国人民都很悲痛。（十堰中考）
拓 与 death 相关的词：
- die v. 死亡
- death n. 死亡
- dying adj. 垂死的
- dead adj. 死的
- deadly adj. 致命的；非常
（die 是非延续性动词，不与时间段连用；dead 强调状态，常与时间段连用）
- At least six people died in the accident. 事故中至少有六人死亡。
- He is just a dying man who forgot himself. 他只是一个忘了自己身份的垂死的人。
- Mrs Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband. 斯坦利太太大多数时候都是在讲她死去的丈夫。
- The couple turned deadly pale. 这对夫妇脸色变得惨白。（温州中考）
语境串记
Jim's grandfather has been dead for 3 years. He died of cancer. Jim felt very sad about his death. 吉姆的爷爷已经去世三年了，他死于癌症。吉姆对他的去世感到很伤心。
课后小练习
一．请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1. [2025 江苏南通中考·改编] The children ______ (begin) to talk about the project after the teacher divided them into groups.
2. [2025 甘肃武威中考] When Mom came home, Danny ______ (play) the piano in the living room.
3. [2024 江苏宿迁调研] They ______ (provide) clean water for people in the disaster areas as soon as the water arrives.
4. [2024 江苏无锡调研] —Excuse me, when can I use this computer
—Not until it ______ (repair) next week.
二．根据句意及汉语提示，写出各单词的正确形式，每空一词
1. [2025 四川达州中考·改编] We may meet many challenges in our lives. When we fail, we shouldn't lose ______ (勇气) and confidence.
2. [2024 江苏宿迁质检] Sima Qian was the first historian to ______ (记录) the historical events in the form of individual biographies.
3. [2025 江苏扬州中考] No matter how times change, the ______ (精神) of Lei Feng will always be relevant.
4. During the World War Ⅱ, millions of ______ (德国人) lost their lives.
5. The letter "V" sometimes represents ______ (胜利).
三．单项选择
1. [2025 甘肃武威中考] Let's wait ______ the rain stops.
A. so
B. while
C. since
D. until
2. [2025 山东青岛中考] My hometown has changed a lot ______ the subway was put into use.
A. unless
B. since
C. if
D. when
3. [2025 辽宁营口中考] It is necessary to ask your parents or teachers for some advice ______ you make the final decision.
A. because
B. unless
C. before
D. after
4. [2024 江苏兴化期中] Come ______ you like. You are welcome at any time.
A. whenever
B. as soon as
C. until
D. before
5. [2024 江苏江阴调研] —Do you know if Betty ______ tomorrow
—I'm not sure, but I'll tell you as soon as she ______.
A. will arrive at; will start
B. will arrive; starts
C. arrives at; starts
D. arrives; will start
6. [2024 江苏扬州期末] —Mrs Brown ______ cancer.
—So she did. We all felt very sad about the loss of a great teacher.
A. dies of
B. dies for
C. died of
D. died for
7. You don't have to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
A. support
B. help
C. protection
D. thought
8. [2024 江苏常州质检] —Tom, why did you have a meeting yesterday
—______ a better way to have these robots ______.
A. Find; fixed
B. To find; repaired
C. Finding; fix
D. Found; repair
9. Kobe Bryant is a basketball hero. He is admired ______ millions of people ______ not only his achievements but also his spirit.
A. for; by
B. by; for
C. by; as
D. as; for
10. [2025 江苏无锡期中] The disease ______ in 1836 and ______ for two years.
A. broke out; was lasted
B. was broken out; lasted
C. broke out; lasted
D. was broken out; was lasted
四．阅读还原
For teenagers, life is not a playground but a jungle. 1. ______ It's important to learn the rules which will help you reach goals and live a successful life. Follow the steps below, and you can have a successful teenage life.
Do best in school. 2. ______ No matter how boring it is now, education will help you be a useful member in society. Work hard for excellence in school. Doing so will help you get into a better university, which will enable you to get a great job in the future.
Draw your future. Life is full of amazing things to do. Start from one single step to reach your goals. Start thinking about careers you would like to be in, and make a good choice based on your interests and strength. 3. ______
4. ______ Never hang out with someone who doesn't make you feel comfortable. Be with people who make you happy, and leave the ones who don't. Find some supportive and loving friends that can help you succeed in life.
Be proactive (积极主动的). It is the key to unlocking other habits. Proactive people understand that they should do what they can do to get their own happiness. 5. ______
A. Do what you love.
B. Choose your friends wisely.
C. School sets you on the right track!
D. This could be your job for the rest of your life!
E. You get the opportunity to enjoy life only once.
F. They don't blame others for their own actions or feelings.
G. The life of a teenager is full of difficulties and life-changing decisions.9A Unit 4 Growing up同步讲义（下）
语法精讲
（一）before、after、when 和 while 引导的时间状语从句
语法示例
1.After he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league.
毕业后，他被迫在另一个篮球联盟打球。（教材 P54）
2.When he finally got the chance, he scored 20 points in his first game.
当他最终得到机会时，他就在首场比赛中得了 20 分。（教材 P54）
语法概述
时间状语从句是指在复合句中充当时间状语的句子。我们可以用 before、after、when 和 while 引导时间状语从句，这些连词既可放在句首，也可放在句中。
考向 1 before 引导的时间状语从句
before 意为"在……之前"，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。
She worked in Shanghai before she came here.
她来这儿之前在上海工作。
Close the windows before you leave the room, please.
你离开房间前请关上窗户。
【典例 1】（2025·营口中考）It is necessary to ask your parents or teachers for some advice ______ you make the final decision.
A. because
B. unless
C. before
D. after
解析：句意：在做出最终决定之前，征求父母或老师的建议是必要的。故选 C。
考向 2 after 引导的时间状语从句
after 意为"在……之后"，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。
After you think it over, please let me know your decision.
你仔细考虑以后，请告诉我你的决定。
I went to school after I finished my breakfast.
我吃完早饭后去上学了。
【典例 2】（2025天津中考）My cousin became a country doctor ______ he finished medical school.
A. after
B. so that
C. but
D. so
解析：句意：我表哥从医学院毕业后成了一名乡村医生。after"在……之后"；so that"以便"；but"但是"；so"所以"。根据题意可知应选 A。
考向 3 when 引导的时间状语从句
when 意为"当……时"，表示主句动作发生的特定时间。when 引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。
When I got home, my mother was cooking dinner.
当我到家的时候，我妈妈正在做晚饭。
I loved history when I was at school.
我上学时喜欢历史。
考向 4 while 引导的时间状语从句
while 意为"在……期间"，表示主句动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中。
Love your parents while they are alive. Don't wait until it is too late.
父母在世的时候就爱他们，不要等到一切都太迟了。（苏州中考）
While she was listening to the song, she fell asleep.
她听着歌睡着了。
拓
(1) while 还可意为"当……时"，强调主句动作和从句动作是同时发生的，此时主从句通常用进行时态。
While my sister was sweeping the floor, I was washing the dishes.
我姐姐扫地时，我在洗碗。（主从句均为过去进行时）
(2) while 还可意为"而；然而"，表示对比。
I like playing football while my brother likes playing basketball.
我喜欢踢足球，而我的哥哥喜欢打篮球。
特别提醒
在含有 when/while 引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，当主句和从句的主语一致，并且从句谓语有 be 动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和 be 动词。
When (she is) in trouble, she always asks me for help.
她遇到困难时总是向我求助。
While (I am) travelling, I like to buy some souvenirs.
旅游时我喜欢买一些纪念品。
【典例 3】（2025·河北中考）Lisa was busy taking notes ______ Mark was giving a talk.
A. if
B. unless
C. until
D. while
解析：句意：当马克在演讲时，莉萨在忙着记笔记。根据语境可知，设空前后的两个动作（记笔记和做演讲）是同时发生的，故应用 while，选 D。
（二）since、till 和 until 引导的时间状语从句
语法示例
1.You've been happy since I first met you.
自从我第一次见到你，你就很快乐。（教材 P55）
2.Do not wake me up until you finish your work.
直到你完成你的工作再叫醒我。（教材 P55）
考向 1 since 引导的时间状语从句
since 作连词，意为"从……以后，自……以来"，引导时间状语从句，此时从句常用一般过去时，对应的主句多用现在完成时。since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。
Great changes have taken place in our hometown since you left.
自从你走后，我们的家乡已经发生了很大的变化。
I have wanted to be a pilot since I was a child.
我从小就想当一名飞行员。
拓
(1) since 作连词，还有"因为；既然；由于"之意，引导原因状语从句。
Since you know you did something wrong, you'd better make some changes.
既然你知道自己做了错事，你最好做出一些改变。
(2) since 还可作介词，意为"自……以后"，后常接表示时间的单词或短语，句子的时态常用现在完成时，且在肯定句中谓语动词要用延续性动词。
She has been here since seven o'clock this morning.
她从今天早上七点钟就一直在这儿。
【典例 4 】用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。（常州中考改编）
China ______ (win) lots of praise since we turned the sand into forests.
解析：题干中的 since 引导时间状语从句，对应的主句谓语应用现在完成时，又主语为第三人称单数，故填 has won。句意：自从我们把沙地变成森林，中国得到了很多赞扬。
考向 2 till 和 until 引导的时间状语从句
till 与 until 意为"直到……为止"，一般情况下两者可以互换。until 可以放在句首或句中，而 till 不可以放在句首。
I will wait for you until/till you come to see me.
我会一直等，直到你来看我。
Until she spoke I hadn't realized she was English.
直到她开口说话，我才知道她是英国人。
特别提醒
如果主句中的谓语动词是非延续性动词，该动词必须用否定形式，构成"not... until/till"结构，意为"直到……才"，表示某动作直到某时间才开始。
I did not go to bed until/till I finished my homework.
直到做完家庭作业，我才上床睡觉。
拓
until 还可用作介词，意为"直到……为止"，后接表示时间的名词或短语。
I was awake until 2 a.m. last night.
我昨晚直到凌晨两点还没睡着。
Don't give up until the last minute.
不到最后一刻不要放弃。
【典例 5】（2025镇江中考）My parents gave red packets to my cousin every Spring Festival ______ she got a job, because she said she was able to make money.
A. after
B. when
C. until
D. since
解析：句意：我父母每年春节都会给表姐发红包，直到她找到了工作，因为她说她能赚钱。after"在……之后"；when"当……时"；until"直到……为止"；since"自……以来"。结合句意可知选 C。
（三）as soon as 和 whenever 引导的时间状语从句
语法示例
1.It began to rain as soon as I left the house.
我一离开家，天就开始下雨了。（教材 P56）
2.I can read books whenever I want to.
我想看书时，随时都可以看。（教材 P56）
考向 1 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句
as soon as 意为"一……就"，引导时间状语从句时，可以放在句首或句中。
As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started.
我刚到公共汽车站，公共汽车就开动了。
I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
我一到北京就给你打电话。
【典例 6】（2025云南中考）______ he heard the little girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room.
A. As soon as
B. Unless
C. If
D. Although
解析：句意：他一听到小女孩在外面呼救，就冲出了房间。as soon as"一……就"；unless"除非"；if"如果"；although"虽然"。根据语境可知，此处应用 As soon as 引导时间状语从句。故选 A。
考向 2 whenever 引导的时间状语从句
whenever 意为"每当；无论何时"，相当于 every time。
Whenever/Every time I have a cold, I get a fever.
我每次感冒都会发烧。
You can ask for help whenever/every time you need it.
你如果需要帮助随时可以提出来。
特别提醒
在含有时间状语从句的主从复合句中，当主句是一般将来时、主句的谓语含有 may、can、must 等情态动词或主句是祈使句时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
I'll ring you up as soon as I arrive in Shanghai.
我一到上海就给你打电话。
We should get to the town before the sun sets.
我们应该在日落前赶到那个镇上。
Don't answer the phone when you cross the street.
过马路时不要接听电话。
【典例 7】 Miss Zhao is very helpful. She helps us ______ we are in trouble.
A. whether
B. although
C. whenever
D. however
解析：句意：赵老师非常乐于助人，每当我们有困难时，她都来帮助我们。whether"是否"；although"虽然"；whenever"每当，无论何时"；however"然而"。根据句意可知选 C。
Grammar
1.tired out 筋疲力尽的
常用于连系动词后作表语。
They were cold, hungry and tired out.他们又冷又饿，疲惫不堪。
拓 be tired of... 厌倦/厌烦……
Are you tired of sitting too long 你厌倦久坐了吗？
2.It is + the + 序数词 + time + that 从句
表示"这是……第……次……"，其中从句通常用现在完成时，且 that 在口语中常省略。
It is the first time that I have met her.这是我第一次遇见她。
拓 类似的句式还有：
This/That is + the + 序数词 + time + that 从句 这/那是……第……次……
This is the second time that Mr Smith has visited China.这是史密斯先生第二次访问中国。
3.serious adj. 严肃的；认真的
be/become serious about sb./(doing) sth. 认真对待某人/（做）某事
Be serious for a moment; that is important.严肃点儿，这件事很重要。
He was very serious about studying.他学习很认真。
It's only a joke — don't take it seriously!只是一个玩笑——别当真啊！
拓 serious 作形容词其他用法：
I had a fall, but it was nothing serious.我摔了一跤，但是不严重。（严重的）
This is a very serious matter.这是件很重要的事情。（重要的）
I'm ready to do some serious eating.我准备好好吃一顿。（大量的）
4.against / ɡenst; ɡe nst/ prep. 对抗；与……相反；违反
其后接名词、代词或动词 -ing。
be against 反对；be for 支持
Are your parents against your leaving home to work in Shanghai 你的父母反对你离开家乡去上海工作吗？（扬州中考）
拓 [介词]紧靠；碰，撞★
Put the piano there, against the wall.把钢琴放在那儿，紧靠着墙。
Ben was helping his mother make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.当雨点儿开始猛烈地敲打在窗户上的时候，本正在帮助他妈妈做晚饭。
【典例】 用适当的介词填空。
1.Dad, we'll play ______ a strong team in tomorrow's football match.
2.As students, we shouldn't do anything ______ the law.
答案：1. against 2. against
Integrated skills
知识梳理
1.break out 爆发
多指战争、火灾、打斗等不愉快事件突然发生。
Fire broke out during the night.
夜间突然发生了火灾。
拓 含 break 的其他常见短语：
break up 粉碎；结束；解散
break down 坏掉，出故障；使分解
break into 强行闯入；撬开（汽车等）
break off 中断，停顿；折断
break in 打断他人说话
2.including prep. 包括……在内
作介词，其后常接名词或代词。
Deng Yaping has won many competitions, including four gold medals in the Olympics.邓亚萍赢得了许多比赛，包括四枚奥运会金牌。（2025 广安中考）
拓 include [动词]包括；包含
Our plan includes most of your suggestions.我们的计划里包含了你们的大部分建议。
3.record / rek d/ n. 记录
[可数名词] keep a record of... 记下……
You should keep a record of your expenses.你应该记下你的开支。
拓 [名词]（尤指体育运动中的）纪录
hold/keep a record 保持纪录
world record 世界纪录
set a record 创造纪录
break a record 打破纪录
4.die of/from 死于
辨 die of 与 die from
die of 强调死于内因，主要指饥饿、年老等原因。 指死于疾病时两者可互换。
die from 强调死于外因，主要指地震、交通等原因。
She died of/from a heart attack.她因心脏病发作而死。
He died from a traffic accident.他死于一场交通事故。
拓
die out 灭绝；消失
die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息
5.have sth. done 让/使某事被做
表示"让（他人）为你做（某事）"或"蒙受（他人所为的后果）"，相当于 get/make sth. done。过去分词表示被动，与 sth. 构成动宾关系。
I had my hair cut yesterday.昨天我理发了。
She had her bag stolen.她的包被偷了。
拓
(1) have sth. to do 有某事要做 其中 do 与 sth. 存在动宾关系。
I have an important task to finish.我有一项重要的任务要完成。
(2) have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 相当于 get sb. to do sth.。
I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday.昨天我让玛丽打扫了我的卧室。
【典例 1】 完成句子。（2025十堰中考）
天气太热了！彼得，去理发吧！
It's burning hot! Go and ______, Peter!
答案：have/get your hair cut 或 have someone cut your hair 或 get someone to cut your hair
6.German / d m n/ adj. 德国（人）的
此处用法
adj. 德国（人）的；德语的
n. 德语
n. German德国人 复数形式：Germans★
语境串记
She has lived in Germany for a long time and made a lot of German friends. She can talk with Germans in German fluently.她在德国住了很长时间，交了许多德国朋友。她能用德语流利地与德国人交流。
7.keep (on) doing sth. 继续/重复做某事
After she returned home, she kept thinking about what to do to help those kids.回到家后，她继续想着如何帮助那些孩子。（广东中考）
—How can I improve my pronunciation, madam
—Keep on practicing and you'll make progress.
——夫人，我怎样才能提高我的发音水平？
——继续练习，你会取得进步的。（邵阳中考）
拓
- keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
- keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
★★★from 不能省略，同义短语 stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 中的 from 可省略
- You shouldn't keep them waiting at the gate. 你不应该让他们一直在门口等候。
- The heavy rain kept them from going out. 大雨阻止了他们外出。
【典例2】用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
—English is difficult to learn at the beginning.
—Yes, but if you keep ______ (try), you can make progress.
答案：trying
8.In her diary, Anne wrote down her thoughts...在日记里，安妮写下了她的想法……（教材 P58）
thought /θ t/ n. 想法，看法，主意
[可数名词]复数形式为 thoughts。
- It's an interesting thought. 这个想法很有趣。
拓
(1) thought [不可数名词]思考，思维
lost in thought 陷入思索
- She was lost in thought. 她陷入了沉思。
(2) thoughtful [形容词]沉思的，深思的；体贴的
- He looked thoughtful for a while. 他看起来沉思了片刻。
- My mother is a very thoughtful woman. 我母亲是一个很体贴的人。
(3) think [动词]认为，想
过去式和过去分词均为 thought。
【典例3】用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
（2025南京市建邺区期中）Many people are used to expressing their ______ (think) and feelings on WeChat Moments.
答案：thoughts
9.The book A Small Free Kiss in the Dark is also about a young homeless boy and how he survived the war with his friends.《黑暗中的轻轻一吻》这本书也讲述了一个无家可归的男孩以及他是如何跟朋友在战争中幸存下来的。（教材 P58）
survive /s va v/ v. 幸存，生存
survive sth. 幸免于……，在……中幸存
survivor [名词]幸存者
- Did anyone survive the earthquake 有人在地震中活下来吗？（作及物动词）
- With his hard work, more and more trees have survived. 因为他的努力，越来越多的树存活了下来。（重庆中考 B 卷）（作不及物动词）
10.I admire these children for their courage. 我钦佩这些孩子的勇气。（教材 P58）
admire / d ma (r)/ v. 钦佩，羡慕
- admire sb./sth. 钦佩某人/某事
- admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而钦佩某人
- Many teenagers admire the scientists like Yuan Longping. 许多青少年钦佩像袁隆平那样的科学家。
- I admire you for your bravery. 我羡慕你的勇敢。
courage / k r d / n. 勇气
[不可数名词]常用结构：
- have/lose the courage to do sth. 有/失去勇气做某事
- have no courage to do sth. 没有勇气做某事
- take courage 鼓起勇气
- We may meet many challenges in our lives. When we fail, we shouldn't lose courage and confidence. 我们在生活中可能会遇到许多挑战。当我们失败时，我们不应该失去勇气和信心。（2025 达州中考）
- Gradually I have the courage to speak out about anything. 我逐渐有了表达自己意见的勇气。
- Take courage, and I will accompany you! 鼓起勇气，我会陪着你！
【典例4】（2024·南通市通州区期中）Helen showed great ______ when making a speech in front of the whole school, though she's a shy and quiet girl.
A. courage
B. thought
C. progress
D. victory
解析：句意：当海伦在全校人面前做演讲的时候，她表现出了极大的勇气，尽管她是一个腼腆又文静的女孩。courage"勇气"；thought"想法"；progress"进步"；victory"胜利"。故选 A。
11.However, it's a pity that they couldn't enjoy a happy life just as we do. 然而很遗憾他们不能像我们一样享受幸福生活。（教材 P58）
It is a pity that... 很遗憾……
- It is a pity that he has to leave. 很遗憾他必须要离开。
拓
(1) What a pity! 多么遗憾啊！
—Sorry, I can't go to the movies with you. 对不起，我不能跟你一起去看电影了。
—What a pity! 太遗憾了！
(2) pity [名词]同情；怜悯
have/take pity on... 同情/怜悯……
- I always have pity on beggars. 我总是对乞丐心怀怜悯。
12.Although we live in peace, some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives. 尽管我们生活在和平年代，然而世界上其他地方的一些孩子仍然过着为生命安全而担忧的生活。（教材 P58）
in fear of... 为……担忧
该短语中，of 后接名词、代词或动词 -ing。
- Little Simba went hunting alone. The Lion King walked around, in fear of his safety. 小辛巴独自去打猎。狮子王四处走动，担心他的安全。（常州中考）
- We walked quietly, in fear of being discovered. 我们悄悄地走，害怕被发现。
Study skills-Task
知识梳理
1.a book which sells well 卖得很好的一本书（教材 P59）
sell well 畅销 不可用于被动语态中。
- His shoes became popular and sold well. 他的鞋子变得流行起来，卖得很好。（陕西中考）
拓
sell out 卖光 可用于被动语态，其被动结构为 be sold out。
- All the blue dresses in the shop have been sold out. 这家商店里的所有蓝色连衣裙都卖完了。
2.My father is in his fifties. 我爸爸五十多岁。（教材 P60）
(1). in one's + 整十数词的复数
表示"在某人……岁时"，如：in one's twenties/thirties/forties/..."在某人二十几岁/三十几岁/四十几岁/……时"。
- Although Deng Qingming is now in his fifties, he keeps training hard. 虽然邓清明现在已经五十多岁了，但他仍坚持刻苦训练。
拓
"in the + 整十数词的复数"表示"在某个年代"，如：in the seventies/eighties/nineties"在七十/八十/九十年代"。
3.You will not find anything unusual about him until you learn more. 直到你更多地了解他，你才会发现他的不寻常之处。（教材 P60）
unusual / n ju u l; n ju l/ adj. 不寻常的
反义词：usual "通常的，寻常的"
注意 unusual 前使用不定冠词时应用 an。
- There're many rocks in unusual shapes — some hang down, and others point upwards. 有许多奇形怪状的岩石，有的向下悬垂，有的向上伸展。（盐城中考）
词缀学习 un-是否定前缀，表示"不，非，未"。常见的含否定前缀 un-的形容词还有：
- unhappy 不高兴的
- unlucky 不幸的
- unfair 不公平的
- unpopular 不受欢迎的
- unfriendly 不友善的
- unclear 不清楚的
★考点点拨 unusual 的常考方向
(1) 考查其发音，通常让填其前的不定冠词 an
(2) 考查相关词形变换
【典例1】 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
（2024·南京市秦淮区期中）It's ______ (usual) for Dave to be late. He's always on time.
解析：此处是"It's + adj. + for sb. to do sth."结构。后句提到"他总是很准时"，因而推知"Dave 迟到是不寻常的"。故在 usual 的前面加上否定前缀 un-构成其反义词，填 unusual。
4.To my surprise, he has decided to donate his body for medical research after his death. 令我惊讶的是，他已决定去世后捐献遗体供医学研究。（教材 P60）
surprise /s pra z/ n. 惊奇，诧异
在此处作名词，常用短语有：
- to one's surprise 令某人惊奇的是
- in surprise 惊讶地
- To my surprise, he stood up immediately. 令我吃惊的是，他马上站了起来。
- She looked up in surprise. 她惊讶地抬起头。
拓
(1) surprise [及物动词]使惊奇；使感到意外
- His strange question surprised her. 他那奇怪的问题令她感到意外。
(2)
surprised 形容词 感到惊 讶的 通常形容人,指某 人对某事感到惊讶
surprising 形容词 令人惊 奇的 通常修饰事/物,指 某人/某物令人惊奇
语境串记
To my surprise, he wasn't surprised at the surprising news at all. 令我惊讶的是，他对那个令人惊讶的消息一点也不感到惊讶。
【典例2】根据汉语意思完成句子。
（2024·常州市金坛区期中）令我们惊讶的是，失败了许多次后，她依然没有灰心。
______ after she failed many times.
解析：to one's surprise"令某人惊讶的是"，lose heart"灰心"。根据汉语意思中的"没有"可知，此处为否定句；根据英文中的 failed 可知时态用一般过去时。否定句中的助动词用 did，后跟 lose heart。故答案为：To our surprise, she didn't lose heart。
. research /r s t / n. 研究；调查
[不可数名词]do research on sth. 进行关于某事的研究
- They did lots of research there. 他们在那里做了很多研究。（衡阳中考）
- Scientists did some research on city people in an area with few trees. 科学家们对树木稀少地区的城市居民进行了一些研究。（2023 天津中考）
拓 [动词]研究；调查；探讨
- He's been researching material for a documentary. 他一直在研究材料，准备做一个纪录片。
death /deθ/ n. 死，死亡
- People across the country were sad to hear about his death. 听闻他的去世，全国人民都很悲痛。（十堰中考）
拓 与 death 相关的词：
- die v. 死亡
- death n. 死亡
- dying adj. 垂死的
- dead adj. 死的
- deadly adj. 致命的；非常
（die 是非延续性动词，不与时间段连用；dead 强调状态，常与时间段连用）
- At least six people died in the accident. 事故中至少有六人死亡。
- He is just a dying man who forgot himself. 他只是一个忘了自己身份的垂死的人。
- Mrs Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband. 斯坦利太太大多数时候都是在讲她死去的丈夫。
- The couple turned deadly pale. 这对夫妇脸色变得惨白。（温州中考）
语境串记
Jim's grandfather has been dead for 3 years. He died of cancer. Jim felt very sad about his death. 吉姆的爷爷已经去世三年了，他死于癌症。吉姆对他的去世感到很伤心。
课后小练习
一．请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1. [2025 江苏南通中考·改编] The children ______ (begin) to talk about the project after the teacher divided them into groups.
2. [2025 甘肃武威中考] When Mom came home, Danny ______ (play) the piano in the living room.
3. [2024 江苏宿迁调研] They ______ (provide) clean water for people in the disaster areas as soon as the water arrives.
4. [2024 江苏无锡调研] —Excuse me, when can I use this computer
—Not until it ______ (repair) next week.
二．根据句意及汉语提示，写出各单词的正确形式，每空一词
1. [2025 四川达州中考·改编] We may meet many challenges in our lives. When we fail, we shouldn't lose ______ (勇气) and confidence.
2. [2024 江苏宿迁质检] Sima Qian was the first historian to ______ (记录) the historical events in the form of individual biographies.
3. [2025 江苏扬州中考] No matter how times change, the ______ (精神) of Lei Feng will always be relevant.
4. During the World War Ⅱ, millions of ______ (德国人) lost their lives.
5. The letter "V" sometimes represents ______ (胜利).
三．单项选择
1. [2025 甘肃武威中考] Let's wait ______ the rain stops.
A. so
B. while
C. since
D. until
2. [2025 山东青岛中考] My hometown has changed a lot ______ the subway was put into use.
A. unless
B. since
C. if
D. when
3. [2025 辽宁营口中考] It is necessary to ask your parents or teachers for some advice ______ you make the final decision.
A. because
B. unless
C. before
D. after
4. [2024 江苏兴化期中] Come ______ you like. You are welcome at any time.
A. whenever
B. as soon as
C. until
D. before
5. [2024 江苏江阴调研] —Do you know if Betty ______ tomorrow
—I'm not sure, but I'll tell you as soon as she ______.
A. will arrive at; will start
B. will arrive; starts
C. arrives at; starts
D. arrives; will start
6. [2024 江苏扬州期末] —Mrs Brown ______ cancer.
—So she did. We all felt very sad about the loss of a great teacher.
A. dies of
B. dies for
C. died of
D. died for
7. You don't have to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
A. support
B. help
C. protection
D. thought
8. [2024 江苏常州质检] —Tom, why did you have a meeting yesterday
—______ a better way to have these robots ______.
A. Find; fixed
B. To find; repaired
C. Finding; fix
D. Found; repair
9. Kobe Bryant is a basketball hero. He is admired ______ millions of people ______ not only his achievements but also his spirit.
A. for; by
B. by; for
C. by; as
D. as; for
10. [2025 江苏无锡期中] The disease ______ in 1836 and ______ for two years.
A. broke out; was lasted
B. was broken out; lasted
C. broke out; lasted
D. was broken out; was lasted
四．阅读还原
For teenagers, life is not a playground but a jungle. 1. ______ It's important to learn the rules which will help you reach goals and live a successful life. Follow the steps below, and you can have a successful teenage life.
Do best in school. 2. ______ No matter how boring it is now, education will help you be a useful member in society. Work hard for excellence in school. Doing so will help you get into a better university, which will enable you to get a great job in the future.
Draw your future. Life is full of amazing things to do. Start from one single step to reach your goals. Start thinking about careers you would like to be in, and make a good choice based on your interests and strength. 3. ______
4. ______ Never hang out with someone who doesn't make you feel comfortable. Be with people who make you happy, and leave the ones who don't. Find some supportive and loving friends that can help you succeed in life.
Be proactive (积极主动的). It is the key to unlocking other habits. Proactive people understand that they should do what they can do to get their own happiness. 5. ______
A. Do what you love.
B. Choose your friends wisely.
C. School sets you on the right track!
D. This could be your job for the rest of your life!
E. You get the opportunity to enjoy life only once.
F. They don't blame others for their own actions or feelings.
G. The life of a teenager is full of difficulties and life-changing decisions.
一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1. 答案：began
解析：after引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时，begin的过去式是began。
2. 答案：was playing
解析：when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，结构为“was/were + 现在分词”，主语Danny是第三人称单数，所以用was playing。
3. 答案：will provide
解析：as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时，结构为“will + 动词原形”。
4. 答案：is repaired
解析：until引导的时间状语从句，主语it（computer）和repair是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语it是第三人称单数，所以用is repaired。
二、根据句意及汉语提示写单词
1. 答案：courage
解析：“勇气”的英文是courage，是不可数名词。
2. 答案：record
解析：“记录”的英文是record，此处是动词不定式作后置定语，to后用动词原形。
3. 答案：spirit
解析：“精神”的英文是spirit，此处指雷锋精神，用单数形式。
4. 答案：Germans
解析：“德国人”的英文是German，millions of后接可数名词复数，German的复数是Germans。
5. 答案：victory
解析：“胜利”的英文是victory，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，用单数形式。
三、单项选择
1. 答案：D
解析：句意：让我们等到雨停吧。so“所以”；while“当……时候”；since“自从”；until“直到”。根据语境，选D。
2. 答案：B
解析：句意：自从地铁投入使用以来，我的家乡变化很大。unless“除非”；since“自从”；if“如果”；when“当……时候”。主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，符合since的用法，选B。
3. 答案：C
解析：句意：在你做最终决定之前，有必要向你的父母或老师征求一些建议。because“因为”；unless“除非”；before“在……之前”；after“在……之后”。根据语境，选C。
4. 答案：A
解析：句意：你想什么时候来就什么时候来。你任何时候都受欢迎。whenever“无论何时”；as soon as“一……就”；until“直到”；before“在……之前”。根据语境，选A。
5. 答案：B
解析：第一空，if引导的宾语从句，根据tomorrow可知用一般将来时，arrive是不及物动词，后面没有宾语，所以不用at；第二空，as soon as引导的时间状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，主语she是第三人称单数，所以用starts。选B。
6. 答案：C
解析：句意：布朗夫人死于癌症。确实如此。我们都对失去一位好老师感到非常难过。die of“死于（疾病、衰老等自身原因）”；die for“为……而死”。根据语境，用一般过去时，选C。
7. 答案：D
解析：句意：你现在不必告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后让我知道。support“支持”；help“帮助”；protection“保护”；thought“思考”。根据语境，选D。
8. 答案：B
解析：第一空，动词不定式作目的状语；第二空，have sth. done“使某物被……”，用过去分词repaired。选B。
9. 答案：B
解析：句意：科比·布莱恩特是一位篮球英雄。他被数百万人钦佩，不仅因为他的成就，还因为他的精神。by“被”；for“因为”。第一空用by引出动作的执行者；第二空用for表示原因。选B。
10. 答案：C
解析：break out“爆发”，是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态；last“持续”，也是不及物动词，没有被动语态。根据in 1836可知用一般过去时，选C。
四、阅读还原
1. 答案：G
解析：前文说青少年的生活不是游乐场而是丛林，G选项“青少年的生活充满了困难和改变人生的决定”承接上文，符合语境。
2. 答案：C
解析：本段讲在学校要做到最好，C选项“学校让你走上正确的轨道！”符合段落主旨。
3. 答案：D
解析：前文讲开始思考你想从事的职业，D选项“这可能是你余生的工作！”承接上文，符合语境。
4. 答案：B
解析：本段讲选择朋友，B选项“明智地选择你的朋友”符合段落主旨。
5. 答案：F
解析：前文讲积极主动的人明白应该做什么来获得自己的幸福，F选项“他们不会因为自己的行为或感受而责怪别人”是对积极主动的人的进一步说明，符合语境。
