译林版高中英语必修第一册Unit 3 Getting along with others Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage学案

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
[教材示例]
分析下列加黑部分，并体会它们的语法功能
1．A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.
2．Yet these days，the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.
3．“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us.
4．A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.
5．Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love.
6．“Liking” our friends' photos online does not develop the connection which we share.
[我的发现]
(1)句1，2，3中，定语从句的关系词who，that，which是关系代词，均在定语从句中充当主语，不可省略。
(2)句4中，定语从句的关系词whose是关系代词，在定语从句中充当定语，不可省略。
(3)句5，6中，定语从句的关系词whom，which是关系代词，在定语从句中充当宾语，可以省略。
一、定义
1．限制性定语从句(restrictive clause)指修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句，对修饰的对象加以限制，表示“……的(人)”或“……的(物)”。从句不可去掉，一旦去掉，主句的意思则不完整。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语称为先行词(antecedent)
2．关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。本单元主要探究的是关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。
二、关系代词的基本用法
　关系代词who，whom，which，that，whose的用法：
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 指人 作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。
whom 指人 作宾语，可省略，也可用who或that代替。
which 指物 作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。
whose 指人或物 作定语，表示“所属”关系，指人时，相当于of whom；指物时，相当于of which。
that 指人或物 作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可省略。
The children who/that were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。
Danny was the man (whom/who/that) we rescued from the ruins.
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。
He lives in a room whose window faces north.
他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (that/which) he had lost on the train.
那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
The little girl is having an apple which/that is big and red.
小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。
[名师点津]　(1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。如：
昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。
The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening.(×)
The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening.(√)
(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
Is that the girl (whom/who/that) you spoke of the other day
那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？
三、关系词只用that不用which的情况
用that不用which的情况 先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时
先行词前有the very，the only等修饰时
先行词既指人也指物时
Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食品。
I've read all the books that are not mine.
我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。
The only thing that she could do was to turn to the police for help.
她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.
我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
count on 依赖，依靠，指望
(教材原句)A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.
一个真正的朋友是我们可以指望他的帮助的人。
(1)count on sb./ (doing) sth. 指望/依靠某人/(做)某事
(＝rely/depend on/upon)
(2)count on sb. to do sth. 指望/信赖某人做某事
(3)count on it that... 指望……(其中it为形式宾语，
that从句为真正的宾语)
[佳句背诵]　In conclusion，he is a man that you can count on.总之，他是个你可信赖的人。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①We can always count on him for help in any emergency.
②You can only count on solving (solve) the problem by yourself.
③To tell the truth，you can never count on him to give (give) you full support.
④You may count on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.
◎能力提升——微写作
⑤Don't count on others to help you out of trouble.
别指望他人能帮你摆脱困境。
respect vt.尊重，尊敬n.尊敬，敬意；重视
(教材原句)I must respect and support the choices he makes.我必须尊重和支持他所做的选择。
(1)respect sb.＝show/have respect for sb. 尊重某人
respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊重某人
earn/gain the respect of... 赢得……的尊重
in this respect 在这个方面
give/send one's respects to... 向……表示某人的敬意/问候
(3)respectful adj. 礼貌的；恭敬的
respectable adj. 体面的；令人尊敬的
respective adj. 分别的，各自的
[佳句背诵]　Respect yourself，or no one will respect you.
君须自敬，人乃敬之。
[名师点津]　respect表示“尊重；敬重”时为不可数名词，表示“细节；方面”时为可数名词，表示“敬意；问候”时，多用其复数形式。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①I hope airlines can show more respect for passengers and improve service.
②She has always been honest with me，and I respect her for that.
③If you are a young manager，what can help you gain the respect of older colleagues
④“We're so pleased to meet you at last，” he said in a respectful (respect) tone of voice.
⑤I also want to send my respects (respect) to all of you present here.
⑥I want to tell my dear fallen comrades that they can rest in peace because our motherland has become strong and respectable (respect).
⑦Both of the couple are regarded as specialists in their respective (respect) fields.
◎能力提升——一句多译
学生应该尊敬他们的老师。
⑧Children should respect their teachers．(respect vt.)
⑨Children should show/have respect for their teachers．(respect n．)
[语境串记]　All of us are respectful to the respectable couple because both of them have make great achievements in their respective field.
我们都尊敬这对可敬的夫妇，因为他们在各自的领域都取得了巨大的成就。
get over克服；恢复常态
(教材原句)I should also encourage him to take action to get over these difficulties.
我也应该鼓励他采取行动克服这些困难。
(1)get sth. across to sb. 向某人讲清楚某事，使某人理解某事
(2)get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真处理/对待某事
(3)get on/along well with sb./sth. 和某人相处得好/某事进展顺利
(4)get through 度过；通过；打通(电话)
[佳句背诵]　Fitst I have to get through the exams.
首先我必须通过这些考试。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①The campaign is trying to get the message across to young people that drugs are dangerous.
②You'll soon get over your shyness by means of speaking loud in public.
③He is an outgoing boy so he gets on/along well with his new classmates at school.
④Having finished the homework，she got down to preparing (prepare) the speech for the next week.
◎能力提升——微写作
⑤You must get over your shortcomings and mistakes in your work.
你必须克服工作上的缺点和错误。
bring out 使显现，使表现出
(教材原句)To me，a good friend brings out the best in a person.对我来说，一个好朋友能使一个人表现出最好的一面。
bring about 造成，引起，带来
bring down 使……降低
bring in 介绍，引进；赚得，挣
bring up 提出(议题等)；抚养；呕吐
[佳句背诵]　Good teachers can always bring out the best in the students.
好的老师总是能最大限度地激发学生的潜能。
◎基础练透——补全句子
①The invention and the use of the computer helped bring about(引起，带来)great changes in the society.
②The government is taking effective measures to bring down(降低)the house prices.
③I have three part-time jobs，which can bring in(赚得)about ￡14，000 a year.
④Bearing a heavy burden，she has to work hard to bring up(抚养)her children.
◎能力提升——微写作
⑤Sometimes，our rivals can bring out our potential to the best.
有时，我们的竞争对手可以把我们的潜力发挥到极致。
measure vt.估量，判定，测量n. 措施，衡量
(教材原句)I'll always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure myself by these standards as our friendship develops.
我将永远重视一个好朋友的这些品质，并随着我们的友谊发展试图用这些标准来衡量自己。
(1)measure...by... 用……来衡量……
(2)to one's measure 按某人的尺寸
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
beyond measure 无法估量的
in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地
[佳句背诵]　Measures are being taken to prevent people from drunk driving.
正在采取措施防止人们酒后驾车。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①Success shouldn't be measured (measure) only by how much money you have.
②The government has taken measures to bring (bring) down the high prices of house.
③I guess this coat was not made to my measure，because it is too large for me.
④These measures (measure) are strongly supported by environmental groups.
◎能力提升——微写作
⑤My expectations has been met in full measure．
我的期望得到了最大程度地满足。
维度一　单词拼写
1．I asked for an extra(额外的)day to finish the work because it couldn't be finished in a day.
2．The theme(主题)of the lecture is the relationship between people and nature.
3．These products are of high quality(质量)so they are a little more expensive.
4．Some parts of the water are very shallow(浅的)while in other places it is very deep.
5．You should always remember that the basis(基础)of a good marriage are trust and love.
维度二　单句语法填空
1．Different people have different opinions (opinion) about the problem.
2．People can shop efficiently (efficient) online and therefore don't need to go to so many stores to find what they want.
3．All of the students respect our teacher for his wide range of knowledge.
4．He works hard，helps others and you could count on him to keep (keep) his promises.
5．In your opinion，what quality should a graduate student have
维度三　语法与写作
1．No matter what your problem is，we are together through thick and thin．
不管你有什么困难，我们都在一起，同甘共苦。
2．She went to New York to receive the award in person．
她亲自前往纽约领奖。
3．We will take measures to protect the safety of the public.
我们将采取措施保护公众安全。
课时精练(十)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
[基础达标]
维度一　单句语法填空
1．The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
2．The Chinese will never forget the earthquake that/which happened in 2008 in Sichuan.
3．Do you know the lady whom/who/that our English teacher is talking with under the big tree
4．The International Red Cross is an organization whose purpose is to help the sick and the needy.
5．Have you read the book that/which was written by Anne Frank
6．The first thing that he did after arriving home was doing his homework.
7．Is this the teacher who/that rescued several students from the burning building
8．It is the tallest building that Nancy has seen ever since she came here.
9．My father bought a new bike for me whose price was more than 1，000 yuan.
10．She said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease.
维度二　用定语从句合并下列句子
1．I have a friend.He likes listening to classical music.
I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.
2．Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress.I lent her the new dress.
→Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress (that/which) I lent her.
3．The student's article was published in the magazine.I know the student.
→I know the student whose article was published in the magazine.
4．My grandparents live in a house.It lies at the foot of the mountain.
→My grandparents live in a house which/that lies at the foot of the mountain.
5．You referred to the man in the meeting yesterday.I want to know the man.
→I want to know the man (whom/who/that) you referred to in the meeting yesterday.
维度三　用定语从句完成下列句子
1．This is the first film that he has seen．
这是他看过的第一部电影。
2．We study in a classroom whose windows are very big．
我们在一间窗户很大的教室学习。
3．The old man (whom/who/that) they are waiting for is Professor Li.
他们正在等的那位老人是李教授。
4．We should help the children whose parents work away from home.
我们应该帮助那些父母在外地工作的孩子们。
5．In senior high school you will study more courses which/that are different from your junior middle school courses.
在高中，你将学习更多不同于初中的课程。
[素能提升]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Are you expecting some hottest books Here are 4 best-sellers popular with teenagers.
Cuba in My Pocket
Cuba in My Pocket follows 12-year-old Cumba from Cuba to America in the 1960s.After being sent to a new country，Cumba must find his footing in unfamiliar surroundings.Over time，he learns how to trust others and get over difficulties with the great help of the locals.
Author Cuevas bases the story on her dad's experiences.For Cuevas，hope is an important theme in Cuba in My Pocket.
Fast Pitch
In Stone's Fast Pitch，Shenice is captain (队长) of the Fulton Firebirds.She decides to make her softball team become the winner in the final.But she loses focus after learning a family secret.Can Shenice find out her family secret and still lead her team to victory She makes it.She fights with her team and they get the final victory.
Ivy ＋ Bean Get to Work
Annie Barrows is the author of Ivy ＋ Bean Get to Work.Ivy and Bean are best friends.They attend a Career Fair at school.They learn about jobs adults can have.But the girls are interested in just one job: Searching for treasure! The two look for gold.But they can't find it.Barrows hopes kids will feel relaxed about themselves when reading this book.
A Shot in the Arm!
A Shot in the Arm！，by Don Brown，is a graphic(绘图)novel about the history of vaccines(疫苗).Readers learn how vaccines have been used throughout history to fight illness.The author also praised those who worked hard for the development of vaccines.A Shot in the Arm! isn't a boring history book.Instead，it's an exciting read that uses colorful drawings to pull readers in.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了4本深受青少年欢迎的畅销书。
1．What can we learn from Cuba in My Pocket
A．Cumba loses his footing in the new community.
B．The book is based on the author's personal experiences.
C．The book focuses on the theme of being hopeful of life.
D．Cumba finds it impossible to gain trust of the local people.
C　[推理判断题。根据Cuba in My Pocket部分中“For Cuevas，hope is an important theme in Cuba in My Pocket.”可知，希望是Cuba in My Pocket的一个重要主题，因此这本书的主题是对生活充满希望，故选C项。]
2．What is Fast Pitch mainly about
A．Shenice's struggle to win the match.
B．Shenice's understanding of real life.
C．Shenice's discovery of family secrets.
D．Shenice's passion for sports activities.
A　[推理判断题。根据Fast Pitch部分中“She fights with her team and they get the final victory”可知，她和她的团队战斗，并且他们获得了最后的胜利。由此可知，Fast Pitch主要是关于Shenice为赢得比赛所做的努力，故选A项。]
3．Which book would you read if you are interested in medicine
A．Cuba in My Pocket.
B．Fast Pitch.
C．Ivy＋Bean Get to Work.
D．A Shot in the Arm！.
D　[推理判断题。根据A Shot in the Arm！部分中“A Shot in the Arm！，by Don Brown，is a graphic(绘图)novel about the history of vaccines(疫苗).”可知，A Shot in the Arm！是一本关于疫苗历史的漫画小说。由此可推断出，如果你对医学感兴趣，你会读A Shot in the Arm！。
B
Ranjan and Sumer were good friends.They went to the same school and were in the same class.
Ranjan was not strong.He could not play football or other games with boys of his age.All that he did was to watch Sumer and other boys play.He usually went with them to the playground.When they ran off to play，he would sit under a tree and read storybooks.Books became his best friends.The reading made him successful in all the exams.He always stood first in the class.
Sumer was tall and strong.He spent most of his time running，swimming or riding bicycles.He was an extremely good player in every game.He was a member of the school's football team and cricket team.The PE teacher thought he would make it big in the game when he grew up.
One day，the two friends went for a walk.Ranjan got tired soon.
“I have no strength.What is the use of all this knowledge if I am not healthy I would give away all my knowledge if I could be half as healthy and strong as you，” said Ranjan.
Sumer was surprised and replied，“So you are not happy with yourself too I always wished I could have done as well as you did in the studies.I even thought I could have given away my sporting skills for better grades in those exams.”
The two friends looked at each other and cried out at the same time.“The grass looks greener on the other side of the hill.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两个朋友之间的故事：Ranjan喜欢读书，成绩在班级总是第一名，但身体不好。而Sumer是一个喜欢各种运动，身体好但成绩不好。在一天两人散步的时候，两人都看到了对方的优点和自身的不足。
4．What did Ranjan usually do when he went to the playground with Sumer
A．He read his favorite books.
B．He played with his friend.
C．He studied for the exams.
D．He took care of the clothes.
A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“When they ran off to play，he would sit under a tree and read storybooks.Books became his best friends.”可知，在操场的时候，他总是坐在树下，读着故事书，书成了他最好的朋友。故选A项。]
5．Why did the PE teacher think Sumer might become a sports star
A．Sumer was very strong.
B．Sumer was good at doing sports.
C．Sumer was very tall.
D．Sumer spent a lot of time playing sports.
B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“He was an extremely good player in every game.”和“The PE teacher thought he would make it big in the game when he grew up.”可知，Sumer在各个运动上他都很棒，体育老师认为他长大后会在比赛中出人头地，故选B项。]
6．What can we learn from Paragraph 6
A．Ranjan was proud of his knowledge.
B．Sumer could do as well as Ranjan did in the studies.
C．Sumer was unhappy with his studies.
D．Ranjan and Sumer decided to learn from each other.
C　[推理判断题。根据第六段中Sumer说的话“I always wished I could have done as well as you did in the studies.I even thought I could have given away my sporting skills for better grades in those exams.”可知，Sumer希望自己能在学习上做得像Ranjan一样好，甚至可以放弃运动技巧来换取在那些考试中更好的成绩。由此可推断出，Sumer对自己的学习成绩是不满意的，故选C项。]
7．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Nobody knows his own advantages.
C．Grass usually appears greener in faraway places.
D．We always want something better and feel unhappy.
D　[句意理解题。根据第五段和第六段内容可知，Ranjan和Sumer在一起散步时，拿自身的不足之处和对方的优点比较时，都希望自己能够改善个人的不足，做到和对方一样好。由此可推断出，画线句The grass looks greener on the other side of the hill.意思是：我们对自己都不满意，都想让自己变得更好，故选D项。]
C
Two years ago I was very lonely and didn't talk with anyone about my feelings.At the time I didn't have many friends.I wanted someone to share my experiences and secrets with.I wanted someone to understand me.I started to imagine this friend.Often I imagine our conversations and what we would do，but I didn't give my imagination a face.
Some weeks later I started a new project in school and I was working with one of my schoolmates.We had never worked together before but we got along well.After the project we started to spend some time together in school.One day we decided to take a walk.Ever since that walk we've been friends.We listened and really understood each other.
I had wished for a best friend，but the universe gave me so much more.I have met one of my soul mates(心灵伴侣).We can sense each other，and it just takes one look and we know what the other is thinking.I didn't think our friendship could grow much stronger.But now we have known each other for two years and our friendship is growing all the time.
It hasn't only been easy.We have gone through both easy and hard times.But I'm grateful for the hard times，because they have forced me to grow and taught me a lot.My best friend has changed me.She has made me believe in myself.And I am now focusing on achieving one of my biggest dreams.Without her，I wouldn't even have realized what my biggest dream is.
I know there are soul mates out in the world for you.I am so thankful to have met one of mine.Believe in them，and your paths will cross.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过一个学校课题结识了一个女孩，并与她结为心意相通、共同成长的挚友。
8．What did the author do before meeting her soul mate
A．She chose to stay alone.
B．She spent time with other friends.
C．She told others about her feelings.
D．She pictured a friend in her mind.
D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Two years ago I was very lonely and didn't talk with anyone about my feelings...I started to imagine this friend.I started to imagine this friend.”可知，作者当时没有朋友，倍感孤独的她在脑海中想象了一个朋友，故选D项。]
9．How did the author get to know her soul mate
A．By taking a walk.
B．By attending a party.
C．Through a school project.
D．Through a friend's introduction.
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Some weeks later I started a new project in school and I was working with one of my schoolmates....After the project we started to spend some time together in school....We listened and really understood each other.” 可知，作者参加学校课题时结识了一个朋友，并且最后发展成为挚友，故选 C项。]
10．What do we know about the author and her soul mate
A．Their friendship is still developing.
B．She is the author's only soul mate.
C．They are trying hard to realize their dreams.
D．She has little confidence in their friendship.
A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“But now we have known each other for two years and our friendship is growing all the time.”可知，作者和挚友的友谊日益增进，故选A项。]
11．Why is the author thankful for the hard times
A．She went through them easily.
B．She has learned a lot from them.
C．They have made her suffer.
D．They have made her dream come true.
B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“It hasn't only been easy.We have gone through both easy and hard times.　But I'm grateful for the hard times，because they have forced me to grow and taught me a lot.”可知，艰难的时光促使作者成长，也教会了她很多，故选B项。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Getting into a quarrel with a friend is very common.We quarrel because we can't reach an agreement. 1 As a result，we end up hurting the person we are caring about.
Life is short for everyone.We shouldn't always focus on the problems we have with our friends.If you think your friend is really a good person，it's right to give that friend a second chance. 2 Everyone deserves a second chance，including you.
Apologizing is the most effective way to win a friend back.Fights have both right and wrong sides but that really isn't important. 3 The earlier you apologize to your friend，the more he feels what he did was wrong.
4 What matters is that you realize that true friends are hard to find，and you're not willing to give up a beautiful friendship just because of an argument.
Often，people who fight become even better friends in the end. 5 That's because a true friend is someone whom you've trusted，whom you've shared all your secrets and dreams with，and whom you've learned to love.He or she can understand you and finally forgive you.
A．No one can be perfect.
B．Do forget these problems.
C．Good friends are never easy to lose.
D．Sometimes we say things we don't really mean.
E．You should learn to understand the reasons behind.
F．But whoever apologizes first doesn't really matter.
G．If you don't want to lose your friend，forget your pride and apologize.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。和朋友吵架是很常见的，但有时我们最终会伤害了我们在乎的人。本文介绍了一些应对和朋友争吵的方法。
1．D　[根据上文“We quarrel because we can't reach an agreement.”及后文“As a result，we end up hurting the person we are caring about.”可知，本句与上文都是下文(最终伤害我们在乎的人)的原因。故D项(有时我们会说一些言不由衷的话。)符合语境。]
2．B　[根据上文“We shouldn't always focus on the problems we have with our friends.”可知，B项(一定要忘记这些问题。)符合语境。B项中these problems对应上文中problems。]
3．G　[根据段首句“Apologizing is the most effective way to win a friend back.”可知，道歉是重新赢得朋友的最有效方式。故G项(如果你不想失去你的朋友，忘掉你的骄傲，道歉。)符合语境。]
4．F　[根据后文“What matters is that you realize that true friends are hard to find”可知，真正重要的是意识到真正的朋友很难找到。故F项中(但是谁先道歉并不真的重要。)符合语境。F项中matter为复现词。]
5．C　[根据上文“Often，people who fight become even better friends in the end.”及后文“He or she can understand you and finally forgive you.”可知，通常，打架的人最终会成为更好的朋友。真正的朋友最终会理解并原谅你。因此真正的朋友是不容易失去的，故选C项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
If you are making repairs on your home, you could take the opportunity to add some energy-saving 1. (measure) at the same time. This is often the best way 2. (save) energy in a cost-effective way. You need to look at the building 3. a whole to make the most suitable improvements, taking account of the following：
The first step is to assess where and how energy 4. (consume) currently in the building, including how and when rooms are heated. Next is your home's construction and condition. It's important to fix anything 5. might affect your home's healing performance, such as badly fitting windows or damp walls. Lastly, understanding 6. (exact) what is significant about the character of an older building is a key to 7. (improve) its energy efficiency. Speak to your local authority conservation officer when making changes to a building in a conservation areA．
Following these steps 8. (assist) you in assessing what work might be needed in 9. short or long term, allowing you to focus on those areas that need the most attention and will give a 10. (reason) return.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何改造旧房子以节省能源。
1．解析：　measures　考查名词的单复数。根据句中的some和下文介绍的多种措施以及measure为可数名词可知， 此处用measure的复数形式。
2．解析：　to save　考查非谓语动词。动词不定式to save作后置定语， 修饰way。
3．解析：　as　考查介词。as a whole为固定搭配， 意为“作为一个整体”。
4．解析：　is consumed/is being consumed　考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境和下文的“currently” “including how and when rooms are heated”可知此处可用一般现在时， 也可以用现在进行时；consume“消耗”与从句的主语energy是被动关系， 因此用被动语态。
5．解析：　that　考查定语从句。that引导定语从句， 修饰不定代词anything, 并在从句中作主语。
6．解析：　exactly　考查词性转换。修饰作主语的动名词understanding，用exact的副词形式exactly。
7．解析：　improving　考查非谓语动词。动名词improving用作介词to的宾语。
8．解析：　will assist　考查动词的时态。该空和will give为and连接的并列谓语， 故用一般将来时。
9．解析：　the　考查冠词。in the short or long term表示“短期或长期内”。
10．解析：　reasonable　考查词性转换。该空位于冠词和名词之间， 故用形容词reasonable。
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