2026届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解主旨大意题 课件（40张PPT）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2026届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解主旨大意题 课件（40张PPT） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.3MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-08-23 14:41:10 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共40张PPT)
主旨大意题
Contents:
1. 考纲解读
2. 主旨大意题：文章大意、段落大意、归纳标题
3. 阅读理解解题模板
I. 考纲解读：
1. 主旨大意是全文的核心，大多数其他题型都是主旨大意的反映。
2. 主旨大意题侧重考查考生准确找寻或概括归纳主旨大意的能力，以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。
3. 该题型一般针对某一语篇或某一语段的主题和标题设题。包含文章大意题、段落大意题和标题归纳题。
一. 文章大意题：（核心思想和中心话题）
1. What is the general/main idea of the passage
2. Which of the following expresses the main idea
3. What is the subject discussed in the text
4. What’s the article mainly about
文章大意题：
1.(质检二）Britain’s streets are becoming increasingly crowded with throwaway facemasks and protective gloves, a survey has found, as councils warn that they are battling wih a mountain of personal protective equipment (PPE) litter.
Four in ten councils have identified throwaway masks, gloves and other forms of PPE as a problem in their area, and warned that it could pose an infection risk.
Councils are already struggling with waste collection during the pandemic ....
1.What is the text mainly about
A.The benefits of wearing facemasks. B.The ways of dealing with rubbish.
C. The problem of handling PPE litter. D. The importance of protecting individuals.
C
文章大意题：
2.（周考二）For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.
Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest of time and distance. Travel is something to be enjoyed, not endured. The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing....
文章大意题：
2. What is the main idea of the passage
A.Air travel benefits people and industries.
B.Train travel has some advantages over air travel.
C.Great changes have taken place in modern travel.
D.The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.
D
文章大意题：
3.(周考十)Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions. Letters to the editor carry the writer’s full name, address and telephone number, although the information is not necessary for publication. This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say. When a writer wants his voice heard, he needs to claim ownership of his voice. Responsibility is the name of the game.
....When we sign a paper, for example, a business contract or a bank document, the signature is a seal of consent, an agreement to take the matter seriously. The absence of a signature, they explain, tells us that the writer can’t be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply.
文章大意题：
There are people who wish to remain anonymous(匿名的) for various reasons...
Name or no name The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved. We all have a name. It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement, a claim or an accusation. We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our name that we honor what we say.
3. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. honor and writers B. signature and responsibility
C. identity and signature D. anonymity and signature
B
文章大意题技巧：（核心思想和中心话题）
1. 主题句法：
根据不同的文体定位主题句：议论文/说明文主题句在首段，记叙文要归纳及研读最后段。
行文标志定位主题句：注意首段的转折词（but,however...)及疑问词；注意总结性词（conclude,thus...)
2. 高频词+概括归纳法：
无明显主题句，找文中反复出现的高频词（主题词）+串联每段大意归纳文章大意。
（断主体，定主题，寻高频，判结构，学归纳，善排除）
语篇阅读三种结构
记叙文思维导图
二.段落大意题：
1. What's te second paragraph mainly about
2. The first paragraph is mainly about _____
3. Whichof the following can best ummarize Para 1
段落大意题：
4. ...
Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do----enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV. (The last paragraph)
4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A.The laundry should be frequently checked.
B.Lazy people like using such machines.
C.Good technologies also cause problems.
D.Television may help do the laundry.
C
2.段落大意题：
5.California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
2.段落大意题：
5.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
A
段落大意题技巧：主题句或归纳大意
总分结构：主题句在段首 （说明文和议论文）
分总结构：主题句在段尾（先表述细节，后归纳概括）
分总分结构：主题句在段中（先用几句话引出要表达的主题，再陈述主题，再论述细节。即：引出主题--段落中心--论述主题）
平铺型：无明确主题句（需概括）
（判结构，定主题，学归纳）
三、归纳标题题
最佳标题的特点：
概括性（准确、简短）
针对性（大小合适）
醒目性（新颖性）
归纳标题题：
1. What’s the best title for the text
2. The best title for this passage is _____
3. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
归纳标题题：
6. (十月练习题）Electric cars will produce significantly less greenhouse gases over their lifetimes in the next decades, a new report has found.
“On average, an electric vehicle will cut its greenhouse gas emission by 50% by 2030, including the manufacturing emissions, ” said Yoann Le Petit.
......
As battery technology improves and more renewables enter the electricity supply, emissions from battery production itself could be cut by 65%, the study has found.
归纳标题题：
6. Which can be the best title for the text
A.What Should Be Done to Reduce the Greenhouse Gases
B.How Can EU Increase the Market Share of Electric Cars
C.Emissions From Electric Cars Might Be Cut Sharply by 2030.
D. People Have Different Concerns About the Wide Adoption of Electric Cars.
C
归纳标题题：
7.(周考五) Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.
......
Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough t wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey and the best part of yourself.
归纳标题题：
7.What could be the best title for the passage
A. Charm of the Detour
B. The Road to Bravery
C.Creativity out of Necessity
D. Road trip and Country life
A
归纳标题题：
8.(周考七)Frederic Mishkin, who’s been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor’s office.
It turns out, however, that Mishkin’s professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn’t prevent bu promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information that’s absent from our words. It’s learning’s secret code:Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don’t know. What’s more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn.
......
归纳标题题：
8.What could be the best title of the passage
A.Hand Motions, a Second Language
B. Gesturing:Signal of Understanding
C.New uses of Gesturing
D. The Secret Code of Learning
D
归纳标题题：
9.(周考六）Going green seems to be a fad for a lot of people these days. Whether tat is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year....
With the idea of going green every single for a year, Our green Year started....
Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyle....
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.
归纳标题题：
9.What might be the best title for the passage
A.Going Green
B. Protecting the Planet
C.Keeping Open-Minded
D. Celebrating Our Green Year
A
归纳标题题：
10. Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands,Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn’t forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin’s footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands.
The islands are certainly a paradise for wildlife,......
The most well-known animals of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise....
Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures:...
Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. ...
归纳标题题：
10. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. A Unique Attraction for Wildlife Lovers
B. Galapagos as a Paradise for Adventures
C. Charles Darwin as a Symbol of Galapagos
D. A Successful Example of Wildlife Protection
A
归纳标题题：
11. (二月双周考) I took a job at a vet clinic almost five decades ago. As an enthusiastic animal lover, I accepted the position on the condition that I wouldn’t have to assist with any wounded animals. I couldn’t bear to see any creature in pain.
At the end of my first week, we were closing the office for the day when a young man ran up to us holding a severely injured Doberman pinscher puppy(杜宾幼犬）in his arms and begging us to save his life....
The doctor and I ran back into the operating room. The only place the skin was still attached to this poor little animal’s body was around one shoulder....
That day forever changed my life. I became the vet’s assistant in all things medical...
归纳标题题：
Fast-forward about a year, I walked into the clinic’s crowded waiting room and called the name of the next client. Suddenly, a huge Doberman who had been standing quietly with his owner on the opposite side of the room broke loose and dashed toward me. I found myself pinned against the wall with this magnificent dog standing on his hind legs, his front paws on my shoulders, washing my face with abundant and joyful kisses!
I still tear up in amazement at the display of love and gratitude the dog had for me that day all those years ago.
11. What is the best title of this passage
A.A loving vet B. A lucky dog
C. A grateful patient D. A life-changing story
C
归纳标题题技巧：
1. Main Idea式 :
Find the topic sentence
(Title = topic +controlling idea)
2.Clue式：
(1). Grasp the main clue or the key words
(the words or phrases which appear many times.)
(2). Generalize the main idea of each part.
(the style of the passage)
解题口诀：
头尾找主题
主线要明晰
意义细分析
篇章文体结构：
（1）应用文：结构+细节+目的
（2）记叙文(夹叙夹议)：六要素+哲理 (情节线+情感线)
（3）新闻题材：中心话题+辅助材料
（4）说明文：话题+分项信息+总结
（5）议论文：问题展示+研究+结果+解决问题
四、技巧补充
正确选项特征：
1. 表达比较含蓄，委婉（may,possible, perhaps)
2. 覆盖全文，范围恰当，大小合适
3. 是原文的近义改写，精确性强，不改变语言表达的程度及感彩
四、技巧补充：
错误选项特征：
1. 表达过于绝对（all, only, never)
2. 文中未提及，主观臆断
3. 半对半错，与原文相似但在某处细节或是程度、态度、感彩上变动。
4. 偷梁换柱，张冠李戴
5. 扩大或缩小范围
6. 非主要信息点，主次不分，以偏概全。
五、阅读理解解题模板
六部曲： 审、定、析、判、配、检
“大” ：审题三部曲：思题干、猜中心、顺结构
（发散思维--- 整体思维）
“精”：解题四规范：定段落、析结构、判信息、配答案
（逆向思维---逻辑思维）
“准”：检查四到位：对题干、查出处、比选项、看中心
（批判思维---客观思维）
【自我检测】
Self-practice
Thank you !
主旨大意题
Contents:
1. 考纲解读
2. 主旨大意题：文章大意、段落大意、归纳标题
3. 阅读理解解题模板
I. 考纲解读：
1. 主旨大意是全文的核心，大多数其他题型都是主旨大意的反映。
2. 主旨大意题侧重考查考生准确找寻或概括归纳主旨大意的能力，以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。
3. 该题型一般针对某一语篇或某一语段的主题和标题设题。包含文章大意题、段落大意题和标题归纳题。
一. 文章大意题：（核心思想和中心话题）
1. What is the general/main idea of the passage
2. Which of the following expresses the main idea
3. What is the subject discussed in the text
4. What’s the article mainly about
文章大意题：
1.(质检二）Britain’s streets are becoming increasingly crowded with throwaway facemasks and protective gloves, a survey has found, as councils warn that they are battling wih a mountain of personal protective equipment (PPE) litter.
Four in ten councils have identified throwaway masks, gloves and other forms of PPE as a problem in their area, and warned that it could pose an infection risk.
Councils are already struggling with waste collection during the pandemic ....
1.What is the text mainly about
A.The benefits of wearing facemasks. B.The ways of dealing with rubbish.
C. The problem of handling PPE litter. D. The importance of protecting individuals.
C
文章大意题：
2.（周考二）For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.
Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest of time and distance. Travel is something to be enjoyed, not endured. The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing....
文章大意题：
2. What is the main idea of the passage
A.Air travel benefits people and industries.
B.Train travel has some advantages over air travel.
C.Great changes have taken place in modern travel.
D.The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.
D
文章大意题：
3.(周考十)Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions. Letters to the editor carry the writer’s full name, address and telephone number, although the information is not necessary for publication. This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say. When a writer wants his voice heard, he needs to claim ownership of his voice. Responsibility is the name of the game.
....When we sign a paper, for example, a business contract or a bank document, the signature is a seal of consent, an agreement to take the matter seriously. The absence of a signature, they explain, tells us that the writer can’t be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply.
文章大意题：
There are people who wish to remain anonymous(匿名的) for various reasons...
Name or no name The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved. We all have a name. It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement, a claim or an accusation. We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our name that we honor what we say.
3. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. honor and writers B. signature and responsibility
C. identity and signature D. anonymity and signature
B
文章大意题技巧：（核心思想和中心话题）
1. 主题句法：
根据不同的文体定位主题句：议论文/说明文主题句在首段，记叙文要归纳及研读最后段。
行文标志定位主题句：注意首段的转折词（but,however...)及疑问词；注意总结性词（conclude,thus...)
2. 高频词+概括归纳法：
无明显主题句，找文中反复出现的高频词（主题词）+串联每段大意归纳文章大意。
（断主体，定主题，寻高频，判结构，学归纳，善排除）
语篇阅读三种结构
记叙文思维导图
二.段落大意题：
1. What's te second paragraph mainly about
2. The first paragraph is mainly about _____
3. Whichof the following can best ummarize Para 1
段落大意题：
4. ...
Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do----enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV. (The last paragraph)
4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A.The laundry should be frequently checked.
B.Lazy people like using such machines.
C.Good technologies also cause problems.
D.Television may help do the laundry.
C
2.段落大意题：
5.California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
2.段落大意题：
5.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
A
段落大意题技巧：主题句或归纳大意
总分结构：主题句在段首 （说明文和议论文）
分总结构：主题句在段尾（先表述细节，后归纳概括）
分总分结构：主题句在段中（先用几句话引出要表达的主题，再陈述主题，再论述细节。即：引出主题--段落中心--论述主题）
平铺型：无明确主题句（需概括）
（判结构，定主题，学归纳）
三、归纳标题题
最佳标题的特点：
概括性（准确、简短）
针对性（大小合适）
醒目性（新颖性）
归纳标题题：
1. What’s the best title for the text
2. The best title for this passage is _____
3. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
归纳标题题：
6. (十月练习题）Electric cars will produce significantly less greenhouse gases over their lifetimes in the next decades, a new report has found.
“On average, an electric vehicle will cut its greenhouse gas emission by 50% by 2030, including the manufacturing emissions, ” said Yoann Le Petit.
......
As battery technology improves and more renewables enter the electricity supply, emissions from battery production itself could be cut by 65%, the study has found.
归纳标题题：
6. Which can be the best title for the text
A.What Should Be Done to Reduce the Greenhouse Gases
B.How Can EU Increase the Market Share of Electric Cars
C.Emissions From Electric Cars Might Be Cut Sharply by 2030.
D. People Have Different Concerns About the Wide Adoption of Electric Cars.
C
归纳标题题：
7.(周考五) Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.
......
Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough t wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey and the best part of yourself.
归纳标题题：
7.What could be the best title for the passage
A. Charm of the Detour
B. The Road to Bravery
C.Creativity out of Necessity
D. Road trip and Country life
A
归纳标题题：
8.(周考七)Frederic Mishkin, who’s been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor’s office.
It turns out, however, that Mishkin’s professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn’t prevent bu promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information that’s absent from our words. It’s learning’s secret code:Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don’t know. What’s more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn.
......
归纳标题题：
8.What could be the best title of the passage
A.Hand Motions, a Second Language
B. Gesturing:Signal of Understanding
C.New uses of Gesturing
D. The Secret Code of Learning
D
归纳标题题：
9.(周考六）Going green seems to be a fad for a lot of people these days. Whether tat is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year....
With the idea of going green every single for a year, Our green Year started....
Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyle....
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.
归纳标题题：
9.What might be the best title for the passage
A.Going Green
B. Protecting the Planet
C.Keeping Open-Minded
D. Celebrating Our Green Year
A
归纳标题题：
10. Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands,Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn’t forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin’s footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands.
The islands are certainly a paradise for wildlife,......
The most well-known animals of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise....
Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures:...
Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. ...
归纳标题题：
10. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. A Unique Attraction for Wildlife Lovers
B. Galapagos as a Paradise for Adventures
C. Charles Darwin as a Symbol of Galapagos
D. A Successful Example of Wildlife Protection
A
归纳标题题：
11. (二月双周考) I took a job at a vet clinic almost five decades ago. As an enthusiastic animal lover, I accepted the position on the condition that I wouldn’t have to assist with any wounded animals. I couldn’t bear to see any creature in pain.
At the end of my first week, we were closing the office for the day when a young man ran up to us holding a severely injured Doberman pinscher puppy(杜宾幼犬）in his arms and begging us to save his life....
The doctor and I ran back into the operating room. The only place the skin was still attached to this poor little animal’s body was around one shoulder....
That day forever changed my life. I became the vet’s assistant in all things medical...
归纳标题题：
Fast-forward about a year, I walked into the clinic’s crowded waiting room and called the name of the next client. Suddenly, a huge Doberman who had been standing quietly with his owner on the opposite side of the room broke loose and dashed toward me. I found myself pinned against the wall with this magnificent dog standing on his hind legs, his front paws on my shoulders, washing my face with abundant and joyful kisses!
I still tear up in amazement at the display of love and gratitude the dog had for me that day all those years ago.
11. What is the best title of this passage
A.A loving vet B. A lucky dog
C. A grateful patient D. A life-changing story
C
归纳标题题技巧：
1. Main Idea式 :
Find the topic sentence
(Title = topic +controlling idea)
2.Clue式：
(1). Grasp the main clue or the key words
(the words or phrases which appear many times.)
(2). Generalize the main idea of each part.
(the style of the passage)
解题口诀：
头尾找主题
主线要明晰
意义细分析
篇章文体结构：
（1）应用文：结构+细节+目的
（2）记叙文(夹叙夹议)：六要素+哲理 (情节线+情感线)
（3）新闻题材：中心话题+辅助材料
（4）说明文：话题+分项信息+总结
（5）议论文：问题展示+研究+结果+解决问题
四、技巧补充
正确选项特征：
1. 表达比较含蓄，委婉（may,possible, perhaps)
2. 覆盖全文，范围恰当，大小合适
3. 是原文的近义改写，精确性强，不改变语言表达的程度及感彩
四、技巧补充：
错误选项特征：
1. 表达过于绝对（all, only, never)
2. 文中未提及，主观臆断
3. 半对半错，与原文相似但在某处细节或是程度、态度、感彩上变动。
4. 偷梁换柱，张冠李戴
5. 扩大或缩小范围
6. 非主要信息点，主次不分，以偏概全。
五、阅读理解解题模板
六部曲： 审、定、析、判、配、检
“大” ：审题三部曲：思题干、猜中心、顺结构
（发散思维--- 整体思维）
“精”：解题四规范：定段落、析结构、判信息、配答案
（逆向思维---逻辑思维）
“准”：检查四到位：对题干、查出处、比选项、看中心
（批判思维---客观思维）
【自我检测】
Self-practice
Thank you !