名词性从句
考点与难点归纳
Form a good habit of consulting a dictionary frequently.
名词的成分
1. 主语
The movie proves marvellous.
2. 宾语
I appreciate the actress.
3. 表语
She is a teacher.
4. 同位语
4.同位语
We found out the fact.
We found out the murder.
We found out the fact, the murder.
（同样 位置 语言 ）
同位语是两句话省略的结果；起解释说明的作用；本身是名词；跟在名词后面
Jerry, our beloved dog, has lived with us for 8 years.
Jack, the mayor, will attend the meeting next Friday.
My sister Mary will visit me next Saturday.
Goerge Bush, the president of America, was the governor of the state of Texas.
I want to read the new novels, especially the one you mentioned.
All the people，young or old，are equal.
Although loneliness has always been a friend of mine
I'm leaving my life in your hands
People say I'm crazy and that I am blind
Risking it all in a glance
① _____ you got me blind is still a mystery
I can't get you out of my head
Don't care ② ____ is written in you history
As long as you're here with me
I don’t care ③ ____ you are， ④ _____ you’re from， ⑤ ____ you did
As long as you love me
Who you are
Where you're from
Don't care what you did
As long as you love me
Every little thing that you have said and done
Feels like it‘s deep within me
Doesn’t really matter if you‘re on the run
It seems like（as if）we're meant to be
How
what
who
where
what
o
o
o
o
s
o
英语从句（clause）
subject clause / object clause
主语从句 / 宾语从句
predicative clause / appositive clause
表语从句 / 同位语从句
attributive clause
定语从句
adverbial clause
状语从句
相当于名词，属于名词性从句
主语从句
The reason is clear now.
主语
Why he murdered his wife is clear now.
主语从句
用从句代替名词充当主语
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下：
(1)It＋be ＋名词＋主语从句 (a pity, an honor, a surprise, a truth/fact, a good thing等)
(2)It＋be ＋形容词＋主语从句 （important, necessary时，从句用should do）
(3)It＋be＋动词的过去分词＋主语从句 (suggested,advised等时，从句用should do)
(4)It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 (appear, seem, happen)
1. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
2. It happened that I was out when you called.
It is necessary that you listen to opinions from others, for the reason that they can provide you with a wide range of choices.
假如你是李华，近日你收到你朋友Bob的来信。信中Bob描述了他在学校遇到的学习上的困难，压力大，劳累，学习效率低等，特向你求助。请你给Bob一些有用的建议。
我建议你多倾听他人的建议，因为他们能够提供给你各种各样的选择。
注意：
It＋doesn’t matters/make a difference + 主语从句
如果他无法准时完成工作，关系大吗？
Does it matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
你有多少朋友不重要。重要的是你有几个真心朋友。
It doesn’t make any difference how many friends you have. But it makes a huge difference that you have serveral true friends.
wh-/how- 引导的主语从句后置操练
1. 他说什么不重要
It doesn’t matter what he says.
2. 谁处理这件事，还不清楚。
It is not clear who will attend to this matter.
3. 她突然想到要戒掉游戏是多么困难的一件事。
It hit her how difficult it would be to quit computer games.
4. 这个会议将什么时候举行还没有确定。
It hasn’t been made clear when the conference is to take place.
5. 不管你去哪里，都跟我没有关系。
It doesn't matter too much to me where you go .
6. 你是否成功，我不感兴趣。
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
宾语从句
He has found out the fact.
宾语
He has found out what they had done yesterday.
宾语从句
用从句代替名词充当宾语
一般结构： v + it + 宾补 + 宾语从句，如think，make，consider, feel等，
1. verb+ it +when/if从句 （appereciate; enjoy; like; dislike; prefer; hate等）
2. 特殊表达 take it认为; have it; put it说等；(Rumor has it that... 据传闻)
3. 动词+it + 介宾短语 +that从句 (take it for granted that想当然...)
4. 介宾 +it +从句 (count on相信指望; depend on相信指望; insist on坚持; see to确保; )
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。
运动会被取消了，我觉得很可惜。
I find it a pity that the sports meeting has been cancelled.
她来帮忙了，我们十分高兴。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help.
多亏有你，我才活着。
I owe it to you that I am alive.
据传闻，Mary要结婚了。
Rumor has it that Mary is getting married.
你可以相信Tom会帮助你学英语。
You can depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.
你不要想当然认为他会帮助你。
Don’t take it for granted that he will help you.
Jessica觉得她不可能一个人徒步回到登山口。
Jessica thought it impossible that she would be able to hike back to the trailhead alone.
表语从句
It is the room.
表语
It is where I was born.
表语从句
用从句代替名词充当表语, 表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if，because等引导
看上去天要下雨了。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
他迟到的原因是，今天早晨他晚了一分钟而错过了火车。
同位语从句
We found out the fact, the murder.
同位语
We found out the fact that he was killed.
同位语从句
用从句代替名词充当同位语
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，也可由其他连接代词或连接副词引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有：advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。
我们赢得这场比赛的消息让我们每个人都很激动。
The news that we won the game excited all of us.
我不知道他什么时候回家。
I have no idea when he will come back home.
消息传来，我们城市马上要被封了。
Word came that our city would be locked down soon.
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
(1)意义不同：同位语从句是跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明；而定语从句在复合句中作定语，对前面名词进行修饰、限制。
(2)连接词用法不同：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，只起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较：
The news that we won the game excited all of us.
Have you got the idea that this book gives you in ancient Greece？
难点1： that 的用法
（1）在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中一般不能省略。
（2）在宾语从句中有时可以省略，但要注意以下两种情况：
①当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省略。例如：
②当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的不能省略。例如：
They share little in common except that they are from the same country.
I believe (that) you’ve done your best and that things will improve.
难点2 if vs whether
(1)在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中一般用whether。
(2)在宾语从句中，whether与if通常可以互换，但以下情况只用whether:
①当从句作介词宾语时。例如：
这取决于你是否适合这项工作。
That depends on whether you are suitable for the job.
②与or not, 不定式to do连用时。
1. She wondered _____________ the bus was still running.
2.__________ she will marry Simon remains a puzzle.
3. We’re worried about ________ she is safe.
4. The question is _________ he should do it.
if / whether
Whether
whether
whether
5. She didn’t know ______ to laugh or to cry.
6._______ you are not free tomorrow , I’ll go without you.
whether
If
难点3： that vs what
The hope __1__ he may recover is not gone yet.
___2_he said proved to be true.
Institutions and projects are trying to save __3__ is left.
Her interest was roused by ___4__ he said.
__5_ you said is different from the thing __6__he told us.
—I think ____7___ he said is true.
—But don’t forget the fact ___8____he is a cheat.
___9____ surprised us most is ___10___he spoke English so well.
___11___ she lacks experience is obvious.
We live in ____12___ is called China.
One difficulty is __13__ almost all of ___14__ is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.
Our city is no longer __15__ it was 20 years ago.
Nobody believed in his reason for being absent from class ___16__ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
It is __17__ you do rather than __18__ you say that maters.
The other day my brother drove his car at __19___ was a dangerous speed.
A warm thought flashed across my mind __20__ I might use the pocket money to buy my mother a scarf.
The thought ___21_ flashed across my mind excited me.
___22__ impressed me most was the beauty of the city.
难点3： that vs what
The hope __1__ he may recover is not gone yet.
___2_he said proved to be true.
Institutions and projects are trying to save __3__ is left.
The part ___ she played in the project is important.
__5_ you said is different from the thing __6__he told us.
—I think ____7___ he said is true.
—But don’t forget the fact ___8____he is a cheat.
___9____ surprised us most is ___10___he spoke English so well.
___11___ she lacks experience is obvious.
We live in ____12___ is called China.
that
What
What
that
What
What
what
that
What
that
That
what
One difficulty is __13__ almost all of ___14__ is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.
Our city is no longer __15__ it was 20 years ago.
Nobody believed his reason for being absent from class ___16__ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
It is __17__ you do rather than __18__ you say that maters.
The other day my brother drove his car at __19___ was a dangerous speed.
A warm thought flashed across my mind __20__ I might use the pocket money to buy my mother a scarf.
The thought ___21_ flashed across my mind excited me.
___22__ impressed me most was the beauty of the city.
that
what
what
that
what
what
that
what
that
What
When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know???????.
he is entering which lane????????????
which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane???????????
D. which lane is he entering
回顾考点之一语序
★在名词性从句中,一律要用陈述句语序
1. It is ordered that he ___ the examination?
A. takes B. has to take
C. must take D. take
2. We suggested that the meeting _________
A. should put off B. be put off
C. was put off D. putting off
回顾考点之二
____________ you go and __________you do, I’ll be right here waiting for you.
(状语从句)
Wherever
whatever
No matter where
no matter what
离开房间的任何人应该把灯关掉。
___________________________________ought to turn off the light.
(主语从句)
Whoever leaves the room last
考点三
whatever和no matter what等
