Period 4 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures)
美文诵读 语法体悟
Mary ①whose drawings were shown at the exhibition last month is a model student ②who is often praised for her good work at school．As soon as we got into the exhibition hall our eyes were caught by a very large picture ③which was hung on the wall in front of us．The horse in the picture was exactly like a real horse．The man ④who was riding on it looked like a living man．It was the best picture ⑤that I had ever seen，and I should say Mary is the best young painter ⑥that I have ever heard of． ①为whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Mary ②为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a model student ③为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a very large picture ④为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The man ⑤为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the best picture ⑥为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the best young painter
定语从句
复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语或句子进行修饰和限定的从句叫定语从句。定语从句修饰的名词、代词等被称为先行词。定语从句由关系词引导。
一、关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1．引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。关系词通常有下列作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。
2．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
(1)限制性定语从句：所修饰的词表示一个特定的人或东西。如果去掉它，被修饰的词就失去意义，句子就不能成立或不完整。
He is the man who/that lives next door．
他就是住在隔壁的男子。
(2)非限制性定语从句：由一个逗号将从句与先行词隔开，对所修饰的词做进一步的说明。如果去掉它，句子的意思仍然完整。
The children，who were injured in a car accident，are being treated in the hospital now．
在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。
二、关系代词who，whom，whose引导的定语从句
1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语。先行词为指人的词(包括人名)、拟人化的动物和指人的人称代词或不定代词all，those，few，one等。
The number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100．
在那次灾难中丧生的人数超过了100。
Danny was the man(who)we rescued from the ruins．
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，若在从句中作介词的宾语，介词可用于whom之前，也可以位于句末。
Rose is the person(who/whom) you should care about．
罗丝是你应该关心的人。
There are many people with whom you can share your feelings．
你可以与许多人分享自己的感受。
3．whose既可指人，也可指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语，常与它所修饰的名词一起出现在从句的句首。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake．
我认识那个在地震中被摧毁了房子的人。
He lives in a house whose garden is attractive．
他住在一个有着美丽花园的房子里。
用关系代词填空
①Those ____________ want to join in the activity sign up，please．
②A doctor with ____________ my father worked last year has gone abroad．
③Any student ____________ family is too poor to let him go to school can get help from the government in that country．
④I'd really like to find a friend ____________ I can trust completely．
三、which和that引导的定语从句
1．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，或在从句中作介词的宾语。先行词为表示事物或动物的名词或表示职业的名词。
The young man was very happy to find the gold ring (which) he had lost．
那个年轻人找到了丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
Everywhere I saw，there were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake．
我看到到处都是被地震毁掉的建筑。
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school．
她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
2．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。先行词是表示人(不包括人名)、事物或动物的名词。习惯上指人多用who/whom，指物多用which。
He is the only student that understands English well．(that指人，作主语)
他是唯一一个会英语的学生。
There is one thing that keeps me worried．(that指物，作主语)
有一件事一直使我不安。
[温馨提示] (1)关系代词指代先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
The film(that/which)we saw it last night is very frightening．(×)
The film(that/which)we saw last night is very frightening．(√)
(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
Is that the girl(whom/who/that)you referred to the other day
那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？
用关系代词填空
①The old town has narrow streets and small houses __________ are built close to each other．
②There are some athletes ____________ I want you to meet．
③A shop should keep a stock of those goods ____________ sell best．
四、关系词只用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，much等不定代词时。
Nothing that has been learnt is ever completely forgotten．
任何学过的东西都不会被全部忘记。
All that can be done has been done．
所有能做的都做了。
2．当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the first two storey bus that runs in our city．
这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公共汽车。
This is the most shocking news that I have ever heard．
这是我曾经听过的最令人震惊的消息。
3．当先行词被all，every，no，any，the only，the very，the same，the right等修饰时。
This is the very scarf that Mother has been looking for．
这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。
Music is the only thing that interests me．
音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
4．当先行词既有人又有物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember．
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most．
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深的一些人和地方。
单句写作
①桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。
Guilin is the most beautiful city ____________________________．
②她把她感兴趣的物和人都拍摄了下来。
She took photographs of the things and people ________________________．
③唯一重要的是你的健康。
____________________________ matters is your health．
Period 4
语法精讲
即时训练1
①who ②whom ③whose ④who/whom
即时训练2
①that/which ②who/whom/that ③that/which
即时训练3
①that I have ever visited ②that she was interested in
③The only thing that
1/4(共76张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新” 打通应考之“脉”
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
主题语境 人与自然——自然灾害与防范
Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures)
美文诵读
Mary ①whose drawings were shown at the exhibition last month is a model student ②who is often praised for her good work at school．As soon as we got into the exhibition hall our eyes were caught by a very large picture ③which was hung on the wall in front of us．The horse in the picture was exactly like a real horse．The man ④who was riding on it looked like a living man．It was the best picture ⑤that I had ever seen，and I should say Mary is the best young painter ⑥that I have ever heard of．
语法体悟
①为whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Mary
②为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a model student
③为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a very large picture
④为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The man
⑤为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the best picture
⑥为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the best young painter
定语从句
复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语或句子进行修饰和限定的从句叫定语从句。定语从句修饰的名词、代词等被称为先行词。定语从句由关系词引导。
一、关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1．引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。关系词通常有下列作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。
2．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
(1)限制性定语从句：所修饰的词表示一个特定的人或东西。如果去掉它，被修饰的词就失去意义，句子就不能成立或不完整。
He is the man who/that lives next door．
他就是住在隔壁的男子。
(2)非限制性定语从句：由一个逗号将从句与先行词隔开，对所修饰的词做进一步的说明。如果去掉它，句子的意思仍然完整。
The children，who were injured in a car accident，are being treated in the hospital now．
在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。
二、关系代词who，whom，whose引导的定语从句
1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语。先行词为指人的词(包括人名)、拟人化的动物和指人的人称代词或不定代词all，those，few，one等。
The number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100．
在那次灾难中丧生的人数超过了100。
Danny was the man(who)we rescued from the ruins．
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，若在从句中作介词的宾语，介词可用于whom之前，也可以位于句末。
Rose is the person(who/whom) you should care about．
罗丝是你应该关心的人。
There are many people with whom you can share your feelings．
你可以与许多人分享自己的感受。
3．whose既可指人，也可指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语，常与它所修饰的名词一起出现在从句的句首。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake．
我认识那个在地震中被摧毁了房子的人。
He lives in a house whose garden is attractive．
他住在一个有着美丽花园的房子里。
即时训练1 用关系代词填空
①Those ____ want to join in the activity sign up，please．
②A doctor with ______ my father worked last year has gone abroad．
③Any student ______ family is too poor to let him go to school can get help from the government in that country．
④I'd really like to find a friend ____________ I can trust completely．
who
whom
whose
who/whom
三、which和that引导的定语从句
1．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，或在从句中作介词的宾语。先行词为表示事物或动物的名词或表示职业的名词。
The young man was very happy to find the gold ring (which) he had lost．
那个年轻人找到了丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
Everywhere I saw，there were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake．
我看到到处都是被地震毁掉的建筑。
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school．
她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
2．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。先行词是表示人(不包括人名)、事物或动物的名词。习惯上指人多用who/whom，指物多用which。
He is the only student that understands English well．(that指人，作主语)
他是唯一一个会英语的学生。
There is one thing that keeps me worried．(that指物，作主语)
有一件事一直使我不安。
[温馨提示] (1)关系代词指代先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
The film(that/which)we saw it last night is very frightening．(×)
The film(that/which)we saw last night is very frightening．(√)
(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
Is that the girl(whom/who/that)you referred to the other day
那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？
即时训练2 用关系代词填空
①The old town has narrow streets and small houses ____________ are built close to each other．
②There are some athletes __________________ I want you to meet．
③A shop should keep a stock of those goods ____________ sell best．
that/which
who/whom/that
that/which
四、关系词只用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，much等不定代词时。
Nothing that has been learnt is ever completely forgotten．
任何学过的东西都不会被全部忘记。
All that can be done has been done．
所有能做的都做了。
2．当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city．
这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公共汽车。
This is the most shocking news that I have ever heard．
这是我曾经听过的最令人震惊的消息。
3．当先行词被all，every，no，any，the only，the very，the same，the right等修饰时。
This is the very scarf that Mother has been looking for．
这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。
Music is the only thing that interests me．
音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
4．当先行词既有人又有物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember．
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most．
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深的一些人和地方。
即时训练3 单句写作
①桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。
Guilin is the most beautiful city _____________________．
②她把她感兴趣的物和人都拍摄了下来。
She took photographs of the things and people ____________________．
③唯一重要的是你的健康。
_________________ matters is your health．
that I have ever visited
that she was interested in
The only thing that
课时提升作业(十四)
(UNIT 4 Discovering Useful Structures)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：89.5分)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The research finds that people __________ keep fit are more likely to be positive about life．
2．We don't know the number of people __________ lost their homes in the disaster．
who/that
who/that
3．Anyone __________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising．
4．The boy and the dog ____ are described in the picture are very lovely．
5．All the things ____ he saw in the earthquake made him shocked．
6．Children ______ diet is high in fat will put on weight quickly．
7．Actually，he is an honest and reliable person __________________ you can depend on．
who/that
that
that
whose
whom/who/that
8．It is the tallest building ____ John has seen ever since he came here．
9．I'm not interested in the story ____________ is about the trip to the moon．
10．Do you still remember the chemical factory ____________ was closed last month
that
that/which
that/which
Ⅱ．用定语从句合并句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．I've received the book．My father sent it to me．
→_________________________________________________________
2．The whole city is in ruins．It was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday．
→____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I've received the book that/which my father sent to me．
The whole city that/which was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday is in ruins．
3．She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree．The tree was decorated very nicely．
→____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．Yesterday I helped an old man．The old man lost his way in the downtown area．
→____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree that/which was decorated very nicely．
Yesterday I helped an old man who/that lost his way in the downtown area．
5．The old temple is now under repair．Its roof was damaged in a rainstorm．
→____________________________________________________________________
The old temple whose roof was damaged in a rainstorm is now under repair．
Ⅲ．语法填空(用适当的关系代词填空)(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分)
A real friend is someone 1．____ walks in when the rest of the world walks out．A real friend is someone 2．______ support we can count on．A real friend is someone 3．____ sees our true self，not just the face 4．____________ we show to the world．Yet these days，the modern tools 5．____________ keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship．We may be able to make many friends online，
who
whose
who
that/which
that/which
but these friendships can be quite shallow．Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends 6．__________________ we love．Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting．“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values 7．____________ matter most to us．“Liking” our friends' photos online does not develop the connection 8．___________
we share．To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person．
whom/who/that
which/that
which/that
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
A powerful earthquake hit Morocco on Friday night．The earthquake struck around 11 p．m．The U．S．Geological Survey (USGS) says that the earthquake had a magnitude of 6.8．But Morocco's earthquake center recorded the earthquake was almost twice as strong．
The quake was one of the most powerful ever recorded in Morocco．It was also the country's deadliest earthquake in over 60 years．The earthquake is reported to have killed over 2，680 people so far．It has injured over 2，500 others．The earthquake was extremely dangerous because it happened at night．Marrakesh is a big city that's popular with tourists．Many of its modern buildings seem to have survived the earthquake．But the old part of the city，called Medina，was hard hit．Medina has buildings that are over 1，000 years old．
Outside of Marrakesh，the earthquake caused even more damage．In the Atlas Mountains，the earthquake's center，there were many small villages．Some villages were nearly destroyed．Many of the people in the area live in simple houses made of mud bricks．This is a traditional way of building in Mогоcco．But they are not strong enough to protect against earthquakes．Many of these houses collapsed．Some of the bricks turned to sand．
Rescue workers have been working hard to save those affected by the quake．In larger cities，rescue efforts seem to be going well．
But it has taken a lot longer for help to reach far areas in the mountains．Many of these villages are difficult to get to．The earthquake caused landslides，blocking roads and making these places even more difficult to reach．In some areas，telephone and electrical service were also knocked out，leaving these places completely cut off．That means that the local people in some areas far away have had to deal with the situation on their own．
But more help is coming．Some countries have offered teams of experts； others have offered emergency supplies．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了在摩洛哥发生的一场强震，此次地震造成了严重损失。震中位置偏远，给救援工作带来不便，当地人民进行自救，外界救援也在赶来。
1．Why was the earthquake in Morocco especially dangerous according to the text
A．It was the strongest on record．
B．There were too many tourists there．
C．The buildings there were all too old．
D．It happened when people were asleep．
√
D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“The earthquake was extremely dangerous because it happened at night．”可知，地震极其危险是因为发生在晚上，这是人们睡觉的时间。故选D。]
2．What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Built up． B．Fell down．
C．Lasted long． D．Stood still．
√
B [词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词前“But they are not strong enough to protect against earthquakes．”和画线词后“Some of the bricks turned to sand．”可知，画线词所在句子应该意为“许多房屋都倒塌了”。故画线词词义与B项“倒塌”意思一致。故选B。]
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Causes of the earthquake．
B．Terrible sights after the earthquake．
C．Difficulties met with in rescuing．
D．Survivors' efforts to rebuild the city．
√
C [段落大意题。根据第五段中“But it has taken a lot longer for help to reach far areas in the mountains...In some areas，telephone and electrical service were also knocked out，leaving these places completely cut off...”可知，到达偏远地区需要更长的时间。许多这样的村庄很难到达。地震导致山体滑坡，道路堵塞，使这些地方更加难以到达。在一些地区，电话和电力服务也被中断……可推知，本段讲述救援遇到的困难。故选C。]
4．In which part of a website can the text appear
A．Culture． B．Society．
C．Environment． D．Travel．
√
B [文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文是新闻报道，介绍了摩洛哥发生了强烈地震，因此应出现在网站的“社会”部分。故选B。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Unlike other natural disasters such as hurricanes，earthquakes are very hard to see coming，even for scientists．Nowadays early detection systems can only give seconds of warning ahead．Thus，specific practices for earthquake preparedness are necessary． 1 1
Drop，cover and hold．
If you feel the ground start to shake，drop，take cover under a stable piece of furniture，and hold on．You can hide under something like a desk or table，with one arm holding on to a leg of the table and your other arm protecting your neck and head． 2 In modern homes，it is no stronger than any other part of the house and will not protect you from injury．
Make a family plan．
Make sure your household has a plan of action．Create a meeting point—somewhere easy for everyone to remember，or you could also meet at home．Whatever plan you decide on，don't rely on your phone as your main form of communication． 3 A major earthquake in California，for example，damaged cell towers and knocked out communication services for days．
Secure your furniture．
4 People often get injured from “flying or falling objects” like furniture or glass during earthquakes．So examine your home and ask yourself，“What could be a potential danger to my safety？” If possible，remove those heavy and big objects above your bed immediately．
5 5
Important documents may get destroyed during earthquakes．
Therefore，scan or take photos of your important documents，such as your license，financial records and insurance policy information．Then send them to your e-mail．This step can help ensure your documents will be available even if your computer is lost in a quake．
A．Technology fails all the time in disasters．
B．These are all important personal documents．
C．Make digital copies of important documents．
D．Whatever you do，do not stand in a door frame．
E．If you find the answer，you need to run away immediately．
F．Here are four steps you can take to prepare yourself in advance．
G．Those hanging shelves above your bed could be a danger during an earthquake．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了地震防范的四个重要的方法。
1．F [本文主要介绍了地震防范的四个重要的方法。全文总分结构，首段末句引出下文的四个方法。所以，F项填入空格处，符合语境。故选F。]
2．D [根据后文“In modern homes，it is no stronger than any other part of the house and will not protect you from injury．”中的“it”可知，空处应提到“it”的指代对象。结合选项，D项中的“door frame”与下文的it一致，所以D项填入空格处，符合语境。故选D。]
3．A [根据前文“Whatever plan you decide on，don't rely on your phone as your main form of communication．”和后文“A major earthquake in California，for example，damaged cell towers and knocked out communication services for days．”可知，本句前后讲的是手机通信等科技在灾难中不能发挥作用。所以，A项填入空格处，符合语境。故选A。]
4．G [结合小标题“Secure your furniture．”以及本段末句“If possible，remove those heavy and big objects above your bed immediately．”可知，本段主要讲的是房间中的易掉落物品可能会在地震中伤到人。所以，G项填入空格处，符合语境。故选G。]
5．C [空格处是本段的小标题。根据本段中的“Therefore，scan or take photos of your important documents，such as your license，financial records and insurance policy information．Then send them to your e-mail．”可知，本段主要是说如何保存重要文件。所以，C项填入空格处，符合语境。故选C。]
Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
A photo，shot in the Luding earthquake，soon went viral (迅速传播)．In the photo，a 20-year-old firefighter，Zhang Zili，was 1 holding a 2-month-old baby， 2 the hearts of people．People noticed the word “Wenchuan” on Zhang's left armband．Zhang，born in 2002 in a county neighboring Wenchuan，was hence lovingly referred to as “Wenchuan Brother”．
On May 12，2008，Zhang was attending a 3 class when the magnitude-8.0 earthquake struck．He and his classmates were crying on the playground，not 4 what was going on． 5 ， the People's Liberation Army came to their rescue．He 6 how emergency supplies were airdropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers put up 7 and offered instant noodles to locals．One 8 even hugged and comforted Zhang，saying “Don't be 9 ， we are here now．”The words left a deep impression on Zhang．
This year，when the Wenchuan brigade (消防队) was recruiting (招收) firefighters，he did not hesitate to join，hoping to 10 people just like the PLA soldiers．In less than four months，he has taken part in several forest firefighting 11 and rescue operations．By Thursday，Zhang's brigade had urgently 12 two rescue channels in the baby's village to transport the villagers．
Actually，many Wenchuan Brothers have participated in the search and rescue operations for the Luding earthquake．Of the 74 people from the Wenchuan brigade，many are 13 from Wenchuan．With an average age of 27，they 14 the Wenchuan earthquake and want to help people facing 15 difficulties．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述“汶川哥哥”张自立：6岁经历地震，长大后当上消防员。在泸定地震救援中，他抱着一名婴儿转移的照片感动了网友。
C [根据后文“holding a 2-month-old baby”可知，因为抱着的是一个2个月大的婴儿，所以是亲切地抱着。]
1．A．firmly B．eagerly
C．warmly D．tiredly
√
2．A．opening B．moving
C．breaking D．freezing
B [根据前文“a 20-year-old firefighter，Zhang Zili，was ________ holding a 2-month-old baby”和后文“the hearts of people”可知，消防员亲切地抱着一个2个月大的婴儿，这让人很受感动。]
√
3．A．sports B．maths
C．Chinese D．music
A [根据后文“He and his classmates were crying on the playground，not ________ what was going on．”可知，地震时在操场上，所以推断当时正在上体育课。]
√
4．A．wondering B．attempting
C．expecting D．knowing
D [根据前文“He and his classmates were crying on the playground”可知，哭的原因是不知道发生了什么。]
√
5．A．Shortly B．Importantly
C．Suddenly D．Finally
A [根据后文“the People's Liberation Army came to their rescue”可知，这里指地震不久之后，军队救援来了。]
√
6．A．admitted B．commented
C．demanded D．recalled
D [根据后文“how emergency supplies were airdropped from helicopters...and offered instant noodles to locals”可知，这里指后来张自立回忆解放军士兵地震救援的场面。]
√
7．A．roads B．bridges
C．tents D．houses
C [根据前文“On May 12，2008，Zhang was attending a ________ class when the magnitude-8.0 earthquake struck．”以及后文“and offered instant noodles to locals”可知，因为发生的是8级大地震，所以解放军士兵帮助搭建帐篷。]
√
D [根据前文“He ________ how emergency supplies were airdropped from helicopters...and offered instant noodles to locals．”可知，解放军士兵来救援，所以当时一名解放军士兵拥抱并安慰张自立。]
8．A．classmate B．teacher
C．parent D．soldier
√
9．A．hesitant B．scared
C．angry D．annoyed
B [根据前文“He and his classmates were crying on the playground，not ________ what was going on．”可知，张自立和同学们因为害怕大哭，所以解放军士兵安慰他不要害怕。]
√
10．A．save B．call
C．organize D．train
A [根据后文的“people just like the PLA soldiers”可知，他加入是希望能像解放军战士一样救人。]
√
11．A．missions B．activities
C．scenes D．plans
A [根据后文“and rescue operations”可知，这里指张自立当上消防员之后，参加森林灭火任务。]
√
12．A．set up B．made up
C．given up D．taken up
A [根据后文“two rescue channels in the baby's village to transport the villagers”可知，为了转移村民而建立救援通道。]
√
13．A．volunteers B．members
C．applicants D．locals
D [根据后文“they ________ the Wenchuan earthquake and want to help people facing ________ difficulties”可知，这支消防大队中，很多都是汶川本地人。]
√
14．A．understood B．experienced
C．remembered D．imagined
B [根据前文“Of the 74 people from the Wenchuan brigade，many are ________ from Wenchuan．”和后文“the Wenchuan earthquake”可知，他们是汶川本地人，所以经历了地震。]
√
15．A．particular B．endless
C．similar D．increasing
C [根据前文“With an average age of 27，they ________ the Wenchuan earthquake”和后文“difficulties”可知，因为经历过汶川地震，所以希望帮助面临同样困难的人。]
√
Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Chinese characters are so 1．___________(attract) that even many foreigners are crazy about them．For the past thirty years，Richard Sears has been concentrated 2．________ one thing: telling stories behind Chinese characters．His interest in Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972 3．________ he was a 22-year-old physics major in the USA．
attractive
on
when
He built a website in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology (词源) which provides visitors with chances to check the development of Chinese characters in a variety of 4．________(form) for free．Because of this well-received website，he 5．________(become) Uncle Hanzi，a nickname (昵称) which was given by Chinese netizens．
forms
became
In September，Sears set up 6．________(he) studio in Nanjing as part of the local government's plan to promote Chinese culture．They have made over 60 videos in English with Chinese subtitles for 7．______ popular video website among young people．8．_________
(watch) the videos not only brings fun but also makes people know more about Chinese characters，leaving them a deep 9．_________________
(impress)．
his
a
Watching
impression
With the tireless efforts of people like Richard Sears and the government's support，people will 10．________(full) appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是Richard Sears一直专注于讲述汉字背后的故事。
fully
1．attractive [考查形容词。句意：汉字是如此有吸引力，甚至许多外国人都为之疯狂。由句意及空前的Chinese characters are so可知，应填形容词形式，作表语。故填attractive。]
2．on [考查介词。句意：在过去的三十年里，Richard Sears一直专注于一件事：讲述汉字背后的故事。concentrate on“专注于……”，固定搭配。故填on。]
3．when [考查定语从句。句意：他对中文和汉字的兴趣可以追溯到1972年，当时22岁的他在美国主修物理。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为1972，从句缺少时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。]
4．forms [考查名词复数。句意：他在2002年建立了一个网站，并将其命名为“汉语词源”，为访问者提供
了免费查看汉字在各种形式上的发展的机会。由句意及空前的in a variety of可知，应填名词复数形式，作宾语。故填forms。]
5．became [考查动词时态。句意：因为这个广受欢迎的网站，他成了汉字大叔，这是中国网民给他的昵称。空处为谓语动词，由后文的was given可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填became。]
6．his [考查形容词性物主代词。句意：9月，Sears在南京成立了自己的工作室，作为当地政府推广中国文化计划的一部分。由句意及空后的名词studio可知，应填形容词性物主代词，作定语。故填his。]
7．a [考查冠词。句意：他们已经为颇受年轻人欢迎的视频网站制作了60多个英文中文字幕视频。由句意可知此处应填不定冠词a，表示泛指，意为“一个”。故填a。]
8．Watching [考查非谓语动词。句意：观看这些视频不仅带来了乐趣，而且还使人们更多地了解汉字，给他们留下了深刻的印象。由句意及空后的“the videos not only brings fun but also makes people know more about Chinese characters”可知，空处应填动词-ing形式，在句中作主语，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Watching。]
9．impression [考查名词。句意：观看这些视频不仅带来了乐趣，而且还使人们更多地了解汉字，给他们留下了深刻的印象。由句意及空前的leaving them a deep可知，应填名词impression，leave sb．a deep impression“给某人留下深刻印象”，固定搭配。故填impression。]
10．fully [考查副词。句意：在Richard Sears等人的不懈努力和政府的支持下，人们将充分领略到汉字的美。由句意及空后的动词appreciate可知，应填副词形式，作状语，修饰动词appreciate。故填fully。]
谢 谢！课时提升作业(十四)
(UNIT 4 Discovering Useful Structures)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：89.5分)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The research finds that people keep fit are more likely to be positive about life．
2．We don't know the number of people lost their homes in the disaster．
3．Anyone has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising．
4．The boy and the dog are described in the picture are very lovely．
5．All the things he saw in the earthquake made him shocked．
6．Children diet is high in fat will put on weight quickly．
7．Actually，he is an honest and reliable person you can depend on．
8．It is the tallest building John has seen ever since he came here．
9．I'm not interested in the story is about the trip to the moon．
10．Do you still remember the chemical factory was closed last month
Ⅱ．用定语从句合并句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．I've received the book．My father sent it to me．
→
2．The whole city is in ruins．It was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday．
→
3．She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree．The tree was decorated very nicely．
→
4．Yesterday I helped an old man．The old man lost his way in the downtown area．
→
5．The old temple is now under repair．Its roof was damaged in a rainstorm．
→
Ⅲ．语法填空(用适当的关系代词填空)(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分)
A real friend is someone 1． walks in when the rest of the world walks out． A real friend is someone 2． support we can count on． A real friend is someone 3． sees our true self，not just the face 4． we show to the world． Yet these days，the modern tools 5． keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship．We may be able to make many friends online，but these friendships can be quite shallow． Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends 6． we love． Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face to face chatting．“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values 7． matter most to us． “Liking” our friends' photos online does not develop the connection 8． we share． To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person．
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
A powerful earthquake hit Morocco on Friday night．The earthquake struck around 11 p．m．The U．S． Geological Survey (USGS) says that the earthquake had a magnitude of 6.8．But Morocco's earthquake center recorded the earthquake was almost twice as strong．
The quake was one of the most powerful ever recorded in Morocco．It was also the country's deadliest earthquake in over 60 years．The earthquake is reported to have killed over 2，680 people so far．It has injured over 2，500 others．The earthquake was extremely dangerous because it happened at night．Marrakesh is a big city that's popular with tourists．Many of its modern buildings seem to have survived the earthquake．But the old part of the city，called Medina，was hard hit．Medina has buildings that are over 1，000 years old．
Outside of Marrakesh，the earthquake caused even more damage．In the Atlas Mountains，the earthquake's center，there were many small villages．Some villages were nearly destroyed．Many of the people in the area live in simple houses made of mud bricks．This is a traditional way of building in Mогоcco．But they are not strong enough to protect against earthquakes．Many of these houses collapsed．Some of the bricks turned to sand．
Rescue workers have been working hard to save those affected by the quake．In larger cities，rescue efforts seem to be going well．
But it has taken a lot longer for help to reach far areas in the mountains．Many of these villages are difficult to get to．The earthquake caused landslides，blocking roads and making these places even more difficult to reach．In some areas，telephone and electrical service were also knocked out，leaving these places completely cut off．That means that the local people in some areas far away have had to deal with the situation on their own．
But more help is coming．Some countries have offered teams of experts; others have offered emergency supplies．
1．Why was the earthquake in Morocco especially dangerous according to the text
A．It was the strongest on record．
B．There were too many tourists there．
C．The buildings there were all too old．
D．It happened when people were asleep．
2．What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Built up． B．Fell down．
C．Lasted long． D．Stood still．
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Causes of the earthquake．
B．Terrible sights after the earthquake．
C．Difficulties met with in rescuing．
D．Survivors' efforts to rebuild the city．
4．In which part of a website can the text appear
A．Culture． B．Society．
C．Environment． D．Travel．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Unlike other natural disasters such as hurricanes，earthquakes are very hard to see coming，even for scientists．Nowadays early detection systems can only give seconds of warning ahead．Thus，specific practices for earthquake preparedness are necessary． 1
Drop，cover and hold．
If you feel the ground start to shake，drop，take cover under a stable piece of furniture，and hold on．You can hide under something like a desk or table，with one arm holding on to a leg of the table and your other arm protecting your neck and head． 2 In modern homes，it is no stronger than any other part of the house and will not protect you from injury．
Make a family plan．
Make sure your household has a plan of action．Create a meeting point—somewhere easy for everyone to remember，or you could also meet at home．Whatever plan you decide on，don't rely on your phone as your main form of communication． 3 A major earthquake in California，for example，damaged cell towers and knocked out communication services for days．
Secure your furniture．
4 People often get injured from “flying or falling objects” like furniture or glass during earthquakes．So examine your home and ask yourself，“What could be a potential danger to my safety？” If possible，remove those heavy and big objects above your bed immediately．
5
Important documents may get destroyed during earthquakes．Therefore，scan or take photos of your important documents，such as your license，financial records and insurance policy information．Then send them to your e mail．This step can help ensure your documents will be available even if your computer is lost in a quake．
A．Technology fails all the time in disasters．
B．These are all important personal documents．
C．Make digital copies of important documents．
D．Whatever you do，do not stand in a door frame．
E．If you find the answer，you need to run away immediately．
F．Here are four steps you can take to prepare yourself in advance．
G．Those hanging shelves above your bed could be a danger during an earthquake．
Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
A photo，shot in the Luding earthquake，soon went viral (迅速传播)．In the photo，a 20 year old firefighter，Zhang Zili，was 1 holding a 2 month old baby， 2 the hearts of people．People noticed the word “Wenchuan” on Zhang's left armband．Zhang，born in 2002 in a county neighboring Wenchuan，was hence lovingly referred to as “Wenchuan Brother”．
On May 12，2008，Zhang was attending a 3 class when the magnitude 8.0 earthquake struck．He and his classmates were crying on the playground，not 4 what was going on． 5 ， the People's Liberation Army came to their rescue．He 6 how emergency supplies were airdropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers put up 7 and offered instant noodles to locals．One 8 even hugged and comforted Zhang，saying “Don't be 9 ， we are here now．”The words left a deep impression on Zhang．
This year，when the Wenchuan brigade (消防队) was recruiting (招收) firefighters，he did not hesitate to join，hoping to 10 people just like the PLA soldiers．In less than four months，he has taken part in several forest firefighting 11 and rescue operations．By Thursday，Zhang's brigade had urgently 12 two rescue channels in the baby's village to transport the villagers．
Actually，many Wenchuan Brothers have participated in the search and rescue operations for the Luding earthquake．Of the 74 people from the Wenchuan brigade，many are 13 from Wenchuan．With an average age of 27，they 14 the Wenchuan earthquake and want to help people facing 15 difficulties．
1．A．firmly B．eagerly
C．warmly D．tiredly
2．A．opening B．moving
C．breaking D．freezing
3．A．sports B．maths
C．Chinese D．music
4．A．wondering B．attempting
C．expecting D．knowing
5．A．Shortly B．Importantly
C．Suddenly D．Finally
6．A．admitted B．commented
C．demanded D．recalled
7．A．roads B．bridges
C．tents D．houses
8．A．classmate B．teacher
C．parent D．soldier
9．A．hesitant B．scared
C．angry D．annoyed
10．A．save B．call
C．organize D．train
11．A．missions B．activities
C．scenes D．plans
12．A．set up B．made up
C．given up D．taken up
13．A．volunteers B．members
C．applicants D．locals
14．A．understood B．experienced
C．remembered D．imagined
15．A．particular B．endless
C．similar D．increasing
Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Chinese characters are so 1． (attract) that even many foreigners are crazy about them．For the past thirty years，Richard Sears has been concentrated 2． one thing: telling stories behind Chinese characters．His interest in Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972 3． he was a 22 year old physics major in the USA．
He built a website in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology (词源) which provides visitors with chances to check the development of Chinese characters in a variety of 4． (form) for free．Because of this well received website，he 5． (become) Uncle Hanzi，a nickname (昵称) which was given by Chinese netizens．
In September，Sears set up 6． (he) studio in Nanjing as part of the local government's plan to promote Chinese culture．They have made over 60 videos in English with Chinese subtitles for 7． popular video website among young people．8． (watch) the videos not only brings fun but also makes people know more about Chinese characters，leaving them a deep 9． (impress)．
With the tireless efforts of people like Richard Sears and the government's support，people will 10． (full) appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters．
课时提升作业(十四)
基础过关
Ⅰ．1．who/that 2．who/that 3．who/that 4．that 5．that 6．whose 7．whom/who/that 8．that 9．that/which 10．that/which
Ⅱ．1．I've received the book that/which my father sent to me．
2．The whole city that/which was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday is in ruins． 3．She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree that/which was decorated very nicely． 4．Yesterday I helped an old man who/that lost his way in the downtown area． 5．The old temple whose roof was damaged in a rainstorm is now under repair．
Ⅲ．1．who 2．whose 3．who 4．that/which 5．that/which
6．whom/who/that 7．which/that 8．which/thatＫ
能力提升
Ⅰ．
1 2 3 4
D B C B
Ⅱ．
1 2 3 4 5
F D A G C
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
C B A D A D C D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B A A A D B C
Ⅳ．1．attractive 2．on 3．when 4．forms 5．became 6．his 7．a 8．Watching 9．impression 10．fully
能力提升
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了在摩洛哥发生的一场强震，此次地震造成了严重损失。震中位置偏远，给救援工作带来不便，当地人民进行自救，外界救援也在赶来。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“The earthquake was extremely dangerous because it happened at night．”可知，地震极其危险是因为发生在晚上，这是人们睡觉的时间。故选D。]
2．B [词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词前“But they are not strong enough to protect against earthquakes．”和画线词后“Some of the bricks turned to sand．”可知，画线词所在句子应该意为“许多房屋都倒塌了”。故画线词词义与B项“倒塌”意思一致。故选B。]
3．C [段落大意题。根据第五段中“But it has taken a lot longer for help to reach far areas in the mountains．．．In some areas，telephone and electrical service were also knocked out，leaving these places completely cut off．．．”可知，到达偏远地区需要更长的时间。许多这样的村庄很难到达。地震导致山体滑坡，道路堵塞，使这些地方更加难以到达。在一些地区，电话和电力服务也被中断……可推知，本段讲述救援遇到的困难。故选C。]
4．B [文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文是新闻报道，介绍了摩洛哥发生了强烈地震，因此应出现在网站的“社会”部分。故选B。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了地震防范的四个重要的方法。
1．F [本文主要介绍了地震防范的四个重要的方法。全文总分结构，首段末句引出下文的四个方法。所以，F项填入空格处，符合语境。故选F。]
2．D [根据后文“In modern homes，it is no stronger than any other part of the house and will not protect you from injury．”中的“it”可知，空处应提到“it”的指代对象。结合选项，D项中的“door frame”与下文的it一致，所以D项填入空格处，符合语境。故选D。]
3．A [根据前文“Whatever plan you decide on，don't rely on your phone as your main form of communication．”和后文“A major earthquake in California，for example，damaged cell towers and knocked out communication services for days．”可知，本句前后讲的是手机通信等科技在灾难中不能发挥作用。所以，A项填入空格处，符合语境。故选A。]
4．G [结合小标题“Secure your furniture．”以及本段末句“If possible，remove those heavy and big objects above your bed immediately．”可知，本段主要讲的是房间中的易掉落物品可能会在地震中伤到人。所以，G项填入空格处，符合语境。故选G。]
5．C [空格处是本段的小标题。根据本段中的“Therefore，scan or take photos of your important documents，such as your license，financial records and insurance policy information．Then send them to your email．”可知，本段主要是说如何保存重要文件。所以，C项填入空格处，符合语境。故选C。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述“汶川哥哥”张自立：6岁经历地震，长大后当上消防员。在泸定地震救援中，他抱着一名婴儿转移的照片感动了网友。
1．C [根据后文“holding a 2monthold baby”可知，因为抱着的是一个2个月大的婴儿，所以是亲切地抱着。]
2．B [根据前文“a 20yearold firefighter，Zhang Zili，was holding a 2monthold baby”和后文“the hearts of people”可知，消防员亲切地抱着一个2个月大的婴儿，这让人很受感动。]
3．A [根据后文“He and his classmates were crying on the playground，not
what was going on．”可知，地震时在操场上，所以推断当时正在上体育课。]
4．D [根据前文“He and his classmates were crying on the playground”可知，哭的原因是不知道发生了什么。]
5．A [根据后文“the People's Liberation Army came to their rescue”可知，这里指地震不久之后，军队救援来了。]
6．D [根据后文“how emergency supplies were airdropped from helicopters．．．and offered instant noodles to locals”可知，这里指后来张自立回忆解放军士兵地震救援的场面。]
7．C [根据前文“On May 12，2008，Zhang was attending a class when the magnitude8.0 earthquake struck．”以及后文“and offered instant noodles to locals”可知，因为发生的是8级大地震，所以解放军士兵帮助搭建帐篷。]
8．D [根据前文“He how emergency supplies were airdropped from helicopters．．．and offered instant noodles to locals．”可知，解放军士兵来救援，所以当时一名解放军士兵拥抱并安慰张自立。]
9．B [根据前文“He and his classmates were crying on the playground，not
what was going on．”可知，张自立和同学们因为害怕大哭，所以解放军士兵安慰他不要害怕。]
10．A [根据后文的“people just like the PLA soldiers”可知，他加入是希望能像解放军战士一样救人。]
11．A [根据后文“and rescue operations”可知，这里指张自立当上消防员之后，参加森林灭火任务。]
12．A [根据后文“two rescue channels in the baby's village to transport the villagers”可知，为了转移村民而建立救援通道。]
13．D [根据后文“they the Wenchuan earthquake and want to help people facing difficulties”可知，这支消防大队中，很多都是汶川本地人。]
14．B [根据前文“Of the 74 people from the Wenchuan brigade，many are
from Wenchuan．”和后文“the Wenchuan earthquake”可知，他们是汶川本地人，所以经历了地震。]
15．C [根据前文“With an average age of 27，they the Wenchuan earthquake”和后文“difficulties”可知，因为经历过汶川地震，所以希望帮助面临同样困难的人。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是Richard Sears一直专注于讲述汉字背后的故事。
1．attractive [考查形容词。句意：汉字是如此有吸引力，甚至许多外国人都为之疯狂。由句意及空前的Chinese characters are so可知，应填形容词形式，作表语。故填attractive。]
2．on [考查介词。句意：在过去的三十年里，Richard Sears一直专注于一件事：讲述汉字背后的故事。concentrate on“专注于……”，固定搭配。故填on。]
3．when [考查定语从句。句意：他对中文和汉字的兴趣可以追溯到1972年，当时22岁的他在美国主修物理。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为1972，从句缺少时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。]
4．forms [考查名词复数。句意：他在2002年建立了一个网站，并将其命名为“汉语词源”，为访问者提供了免费查看汉字在各种形式上的发展的机会。由句意及空前的in a variety of可知，应填名词复数形式，作宾语。故填forms。]
5．became [考查动词时态。句意：因为这个广受欢迎的网站，他成了汉字大叔，这是中国网民给他的昵称。空处为谓语动词，由后文的was given可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填became。]
6．his [考查形容词性物主代词。句意：9月，Sears在南京成立了自己的工作室，作为当地政府推广中国文化计划的一部分。由句意及空后的名词studio可知，应填形容词性物主代词，作定语。故填his。]
7．a [考查冠词。句意：他们已经为颇受年轻人欢迎的视频网站制作了60多个英文中文字幕视频。由句意可知此处应填不定冠词a，表示泛指，意为“一个”。故填a。]
8．Watching [考查非谓语动词。句意：观看这些视频不仅带来了乐趣，而且还使人们更多地了解汉字，给他们留下了深刻的印象。由句意及空后的“the videos not only brings fun but also makes people know more about Chinese characters”可知，空处应填动词ing形式，在句中作主语，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Watching。]
9．impression [考查名词。句意：观看这些视频不仅带来了乐趣，而且还使人们更多地了解汉字，给他们留下了深刻的印象。由句意及空前的leaving them a deep可知，应填名词impression，leave sb． a deep impression“给某人留下深刻印象”，固定搭配。故填impression。]
10．fully [考查副词。句意：在Richard Sears等人的不懈努力和政府的支持下，人们将充分领略到汉字的美。由句意及空后的动词appreciate可知，应填副词形式，作状语，修饰动词appreciate。故填fully。]
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