Unit 5 First Aid单元综合检测（含解析）高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册
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| 名称 | Unit 5 First Aid单元综合检测（含解析）高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 69.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-08-25 16:51:44 | ||
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单元综合检测(五)
第一部分 阅读
第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bethany Simpson，a pupil at St Columb Major Academy，Cornwall，bravely stepped in when her stepfather Robert Hoskins stopped breathing on March 15．She delivered CPR before the ambulance arrived．
Bethany's mother Jane and Robert were watching TV in bed when both of them had fallen asleep，but Jane woke up and noticed Robert's breathing had become weak and hard． Jane quickly called 999 and followed the operator's advice，including moving him onto his side to make him more comfortable． But when Robert stopped breathing completely and the operator told her to give CPR，Jane completely froze．
“I panicked and said ‘I can't do it’，” said Jane． “Fortunately，Bethany heard my screams，came into the bedroom and said ‘It's OK，Mum． I know what to do．’ She was so confident and took charge．” Bethany performed CPR that kept Robert alive．
Robert，who is now recovering at home，said，“I would just like to sincerely thank St John Ambulance for teaching the children first aid． If it were not for them and Bethany，I wouldn't be here．” The ten-year-old says she doesn't believe she is a hero． “I'm just glad my dad is still here，” she added．
Both Robert and Jane believe the government should ask all schools to teach first aid． “This incident just shows why it's important to teach everyone first aid—especially in schools，” said Jane． “Without my daughter and the training St John Ambulance gave her，Robert would be dead and I would be heartbroken． I'm so proud of Bethany and so grateful．”
1．When the operator told Jane to give CPR，she ________．
A．followed the advice
B．called an ambulance
C．didn't know what to do
D．asked her daughter for help
2．We can infer from the text that Bethany ________．
A．had trouble performing CPR
B．hadn't learned CPR before the incident
C．was taught how to perform CPR by phone
D．had some knowledge of CPR before the incident
3．What did Jane learn from the incident
A．It's easy for one to master first aid．
B．First aid is especially useful to kids．
C．Everyone should be equipped with first-aid knowledge．
D．Children should be taught first aid as early as possible．
B
When I was in nursing school, I had to focus more on my studies than other aspects of life, and learn so much in a short amount of time．However, the clinical experience of nursing school allowed me to have the opportunity to put what I learned in my classes and readings into action．
One of my favorite experiences during my clinical training was when I had a patient who was first starting chemotherapy (化疗)．My nursing instructor Marie told me that patients often experience an anaphylactic(过敏性的)reaction to the medicine when they first start chemotherapy, so it is important to give the medicine at a slower rate．Marie said that if we had a patient who reacted to the medicine, we should stop running the chemotherapy, check the patient's blood pressure, and then give the appropriate medicine from the emergency kit．
When I checked my patient a couple of minutes after starting his chemotherapy, I asked him questions related to an anaphylactic reaction．I also noticed his face was getting a little red and he looked short of breath．He mentioned having lower back pain, so I immediately stopped the chemotherapy, started taking his blood pressure, and reported it to Marie．His blood pressure was within his normal limits, so we gave him Benadryl via his IV．The Benadryl helped the patient, and we had the Benadryl running when we started his chemotherapy again, but at a slower rate．This time the patient did not have an anaphylactic reaction, and tolerated his chemotherapy well．
This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine．Marie and I taught our patient about the reactions he could have due to the chemotherapy; due to our teaching, our patient recognized his symptoms and was able to know that what he was experiencing was an expected reaction．During the clinical training, I had many experiences where I had to think on my feet and conduct nursing care quickly．These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care．
4．Why did the author stop giving the patient chemotherapy
A．He had high blood pressure．
B．He had a reaction to the medicine．
C．He failed to tolerate the back pain．
D．He refused to answer her questions．
5．According to the author, what played a key role in saving the patient
A．Giving the patient immediate first aid．
B．Making the chemotherapy tolerable．
C．Assessing the effectiveness of the medicine．
D．Telling the patient the possible reactions of the medicine．
6．Which of the following words best describes the author's clinical experience
A．Rewarding． B．Dangerous．
C．Interesting． D．Painful．
7．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To express gratitude to her instructor．
B．To encourage others to take up nursing．
C．To share her clinical training experiences．
D．To stress the importance of medical treatment．
C
This fall, students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their dining commons: the “diet for a cooler planet” menu．This meant herb-roasted lamb, raised with a carbon-friendly approach．It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm's field post-harvest．The options were plant-heavy, locally grown, and involved little or no packaging．
“We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food，” says Kathy Wicks, sustainability director for UMass Dining．The university is not alone in this effort．Increasingly, American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices factor into climate change．For many, small choices at the grocery store, dining hall, and restaurant can feel more accessible than big-ticket options like buying a fuel-efficient car or installing home solar panels．
Small changes in dietary habits may make a big difference．Climate activists often target fossil fuels and transportation systems, but studies point to the food system as a significant contributor to global warming．According to Project Drawdown, a research organization that evaluates climate solutions, the way food is grown, transported, and consumed accounts for about a quarter of the world's greenhouse gas emissions．Beef is a regular target．“If, on average, Americans cut a quarter pound of beef per week from their diet, it's like taking 10 million cars off the road a year，” says Sujatha Bergen, director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council．Food waste ranks third among climate solutions．While much waste occurs before consumers are involved—food left on the field or “chucked” because it does not fit appearance standards, Americans also throw out a lot of food they have purchased: about $1，600 worth a year per family of four．
“People are beginning to understand that their food choices make a big impact on climate，” says Megan Larmer, director of regional food at the Glynwood Center for Regional Food and Farming in New York．But, she cautions substantial changes will need to come from the whole food system．
8．What is the purpose of the new menu at the University of Massachusetts
A．To market the cold dishes．
B．To reduce the cost of packaging．
C．To popularize the plant-heavy diet．
D．To promote low carbon awareness．
9．What can be inferred from paragraph 2
A．Food is a decisive factor for climate change．
B．Food choices matter much to global warming．
C．Universities are working together in climate action．
D．Fuel-efficient cars are not affordable for consumers．
10．What does Sujatha Bergen say about beef
A．It has great influence on carbon reduction．
B．It is popular among millions of car drivers．
C．It has a close relationship with gas emissions．
D．It plays a significant role in American's diet．
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Food System Reform: A Successful Trial
B．Global Warming: An Approaching Danger
C．Carbon Emission: A Killer, or a Healer
D．Low Carbon Diet: A Craze, or More
D
Summer is around the corner, and you may already be dreaming about how you'll spend your break．Chances are, staying in school is not your top pick．But for 13-year-old Simone Jones of Philadelphia—and more than 2 million other students in the USA—going to school in the summer is the only choice．That's because Simone goes to a year-round school．
In fact, year-round schools have almost the same number of vacation days as traditional-calendar schools．In a year-round school, the summer break is usually shortened to about four weeks; the remaining vacation time gets spread out over the rest of the year．Simone, for example, gets a few weeks off in the fall, winter, and spring．
That extra time off during the school year can be a good thing．“Everyone thinks a year-round school is hard，” says Simone．“But the little breaks take a lot of pressure (压力) off us．”
Reorganizing the year can prevent summer learning loss—that is, forgetting what you've learned from the prior school year．However, there is a downside．In fact, some schools have tried year-round schedules only to turn back when it was difficult to carry out．Try setting up a soccer game with another school when you're on a break every few weeks．Planning family trips can be difficult too, especially if siblings are on different school schedules．
What does summer vacation mean in the USA It's an American tradition, and a time to create lasting memories．But is the tradition a good enough reason to keep it around Summer break began 120 years ago, when it was very hot in the summer, so schools started closing．Today, we have air conditioning．And most parents work．For many kids, summer days are spent mostly indoors, playing video games and watching TV．Clearly the world has changed．Is it time for summer break to change, too
12．According to the text，Simone Jones ________．
A．suffers from summer heat
B．studies at a year-round school
C．has become tired of going to school
D．keeps forgetting what she's learned at school
13．In what way are year-round schools different from traditional-calendar schools
A．The number of vacation days．
B．When students go to school every day．
C．What subjects students may choose．
D．How the holidays are organized．
14．The underlined word “downside” in paragraph 4 could best be replaced by “________”．
A．problem B．choice
C．danger D．duty
15．In the author's opinion, summer vacation ________．
A．was started in the early 19th century
B．doesn't have to be that long any more
C．is a tradition for people to keep alive
D．is a good time for kids to enjoy themselves
第二节
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every boy and every girl expects their parents to give them more pocket money．Why do their parents just give them a certain amount？ 16
The amount of money that parents give their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family． 17 Some children get weekly pocket money．Others get monthly pocket money．
First of all, children are expected to make a choice between spending and saving．Then parents should make the children understand what is expected to pay for with the money．At first, some young children may spend all of the money soon after they receive it．Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until it is the right time． 18
In order to encourage their children to do some housework, some parents give pocket money if the children help around the home．Some experts think it not wise to pay the children for doing that． 19
Pocket money can give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with the money．They can spend it by giving it to a good cause．They can spend it by buying things they want． 20 Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice．Saving can also open the door to future savings and investing for children．
A．They can save it for future use．
B．Timing is another consideration．
C．As helping at home is a normal part of family life．
D．Some children are not good at managing their pocket money．
E．Learning how to get money is very important for every child．
F．One main purpose is to let kids learn how to manage their own money．
G．By doing so, these children will learn that spending must be done with a budget．
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2007, 22-year-old Ramesh's peanut farm lost money．As was often the case in most of India, Ramesh was 21 pesticides and fertilizers across his 2．4 hectares in the Anantapur district of southern India．In this desert-like area, which gets less than 600 millimeters of rainfall most years, farming is a(n) 22 ．
“I lost a lot of money growing peanuts through chemical farming 23 ，” says Ramesh, who is interested in agriculture．The chemicals are 24 in many parts of southern India．The farmers depend too much on pesticides．The chemicals are 25 but the production is low．Then in 2017, he 26 the chemicals．“Ever since I 27 sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming, the production has been 28 and the cost has gone down，” he says．
One natural farming method calls for 29 all chemical fertilizers and pesticides with organic matter to boost soil nutrient levels．Ramesh also expanded his crops, 30 peanuts and some tomatoes．Then he added eggplants and other crops．
With the 31 of the non-profit organization Accion Fraterna Ecology Center, which works with farmers who want to try 32 farming, Ramesh increased his 33 enough to buy more land, expanding his field．Like thousands of other farmers practicing natural farming across India, Ramesh has 34 to enrich his dead soil while his new trees help keep carbon out of the atmosphere, thus playing an important role in reducing India's carbon footprint．A recent study has shown that the carbon absorption 35 of natural farming is as much as 34 percent higher than standard forms of agriculture．
21．A．collecting B．applying
C．gaining D．robbing
22．A．advantage B．principle
C．challenge D．disaster
23．A．phenomena B．conditions
C．methods D．analyses
24．A．accessible B．specific
C．missing D．common
25．A．costly B．useful
C．complicated D．harmless
26．A．advocated B．abandoned
C．adopted D．advanced
27．A．broke up B．left out
C．backed out D．took up
28．A．increased B．emphasized
C．ruined D．suspended
29．A．understanding B．replacing
C．confusing D．rejecting
30．A．anxiously B．eventually
C．rarely D．originally
31．A．adjustment B．aid
C．exception D．debt
32．A．temporary B．overseas
C．sustainable D．abnormal
33．A．fitness B．limits
C．profits D．respect
34．A.managed B．hesitated
C．failed D．agreed
35．A．loss B．barrier
C．credit D．potential
第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese couplet(对联) refers to two poetic lines obeying certain rules, often written on red paper for 36．________(appreciate)．
As a form of Chinese literature, the couplet 37．________(vary) in content and style． Some express people's love to their motherland, some describe the beauty of nature, 38．________ some convey best wishes for the coming year．
Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties, and 39．________(become) ubiquitous(无处不在的) in the Ming and Qing Dynasties． It was the custom for people 40．________(hang) peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival． Nowadays, couplets are used 41．________ a similar way．
It was said that the 42．________(early) couplet was written by Meng Chang, King of Later Shu and it was 43．________(extreme) popular in the Northern Song Dynasty． Since the Ming Dynasty, to write couplets 44．________(regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars．
The couplet has two equal-length lines． However, 45．________ number of characters in each line can be from four to seven or more． The first and the second lines have opposite tone patterns． The last character of the first line is of an oblique tone(仄声), and its opposite in the second line is of a level tone(平声)。
第三部分 写作
第一节
为了增强全校师生的安全意识，提高应对火灾险情的能力，你校将于11月9日举办消防知识讲座。请你以学生会的名义在学校 English Club 的网站上发一则书面通知，内容包括：
1．讲座的时间和地点；
2．讲座的内容；
3．注意事项。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：a fire extinguisher灭火器
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第二节
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could get—a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey．My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen—teaching English．
School started．I was teaching English．I worked hard, taking time off only to eat and sleep．And then there was my sixth-grade class．The students were only six years younger than me．I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher．I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love for the written word．The students wanted to throw spitballs(纸团)and whisper dirty words in the back of the room．
In college, I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior．As the textbook had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention．But in fact, humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem to be reasonable．By the time my boss, who was also my taskmaster, known to be the strictest, most demanding, most quick to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise．
My boss sat in the back of the room．The boys in the class were making animal noises, hitting each other while the girls were filing(锉) their nails or reading magazines．I just pretended it all wasn't happening and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions．My boss, sitting in the back of the room, seemed to be growing bigger and bigger．After twenty minutes, he left silently．Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes．I felt mildly proud that I got through the rest of class without crying, but at my next free period, I knew I had to face him．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
After class, I walked to his office, took a deep breath and opened the door．_______________________________________________________________
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Inspired by his advice, I walked toward the classroom, determined to make a change．_____________________________________________________________
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单元综合检测(五)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
C D C B D A C D B A D B
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
D A B F B G C A B C C D
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
A B D A B D B C C A D
36．appreciation 37．varies 38．and 39．became 40．to hang 41．in 42．earliest 43．extremely 44．has been regarded 45．the
第三部分 第一节
[参考范文]
NOTICE
A lecture on fire control knowledge will be delivered on our school playground on 9th November．Everyone is supposed to attend it．
The lectue will last about 2 hours, from 3 p.m． to 5 p.m．Not only will the officer of fire station offer us fire knowledge, but he will also create some situations for us students to perform proper fire drills, from which we will definitely benefit a lot．
Please remember to be punctual and take some notes when necessary．You are also expected to wear convenient shoes．
The Students' Union
第二节
[参考范文]
After class, I walked to his office, took a deep breath and opened the door．My boss was sitting in his chair with a poker face, gazing at me silently．I was wondering if he would fire me right away．Instead of saying anything, he handed me a letter, which added to my anxiety at that moment．However, my eyes were wide open when I read it．It was not an unemployment letter but a letter with several suggestions about teaching, one of which was highlighted in red: An educator should respect students' feelings．Almost immediately, a surge of warmth rose inside me．
Inspired by his advice, I walked toward the classroom, determined to make a change．The next day, I stood on the platform, eyes wandering across the classroom．I cleared my throat and announced, “Let's begin with what you think about my literature lesson．” Suddenly, a complete silence fell over the class, with a puzzled look on their faces．I encouraged, “Anything you'd like to say is welcomed！” A ripple of excitement spread through the classroom．The literature class soon amazingly came back to life thanks to their brilliant voices．It was at that time I fully understood what my boss told me: Respecting the students instead of ignoring them will make a difference．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个10岁的小女孩在继父心脏病发作时，给他实施心肺复苏术，使他得救的故事。
1．C [细节理解题。由第三段第一句可知，简不知道如何实施心肺复苏术。]
2．D [推理判断题。由第三段的“I know what to do．”和第四段的“I would just like to sincerely thank St John Ambulance for teaching the children first aid．”以及最后一段倒数第二句可推知，贝瑟尼在继父的事件发生之前接受过心肺复苏术的培训。]
3．C [细节理解题。分析最后一段尤其第二句可知，简从这个事件中体会到每个人都应具备急救知识，并强调所有学校都应该教给孩子这项技能。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要分享了她的临床培训经历以及收获。
4．B [细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Marie said that if we had a patient who reacted to the medicine, we should stop running the chemotherapy, check the patient's blood pressure, and then give the appropriate medicine from the emergency kit．”可知，因为病人对药物有反应，所以作者停止患者的化疗。故选B。]
5．D [推理判断题。根据文章倒数第一段的“This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine．”可知，告诉病人药物可能产生的反应对救病人起了关键作用。故选D。]
6．A [推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care．”可知，作者的临床培训经历是值得的，有意义的。故选A。]
7．C [写作意图题。根据文章最后一段的“This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine．”以及“These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care．”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享她的临床培训经历。故选C。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以通过选择低碳食物对改善气候变化做出贡献。
8．D [推理判断题。根据第一段的“This meant herb-roasted lamb, raised with a carbon-friendly approach．It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm's field post-harvest．The options were plant-heavy, locally grown, and involved little or no packaging．”和第二段的“‘We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food，’says Kathy Wicks, sustainability director for UMass Dining．”可推知，马萨诸塞州大学推出新菜单的目的是促进学生的低碳意识。故选D。]
9．B [推理判断题。根据第二段的“Increasingly, American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices factor into climate change．For many, small choices at the grocery store, dining hall, and restaurant can feel more accessible than big-ticket options like buying a fuel-efficient car or installing home solar panels．”可推知，食物选择对全球变暖意义重大，因为比起节能汽车等昂贵的选择来说，它更容易做到。故选B。]
10．A [推理判断题。根据第三段的“‘If, on average, Americans cut a quarter pound of beef per week from their diet, it's like taking 10 million cars off the road a year，’says Sujatha Bergen, director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council．”可知，Sujatha Bergen认为人们少吃牛肉就相当于减少了汽车排放。由此推知，Sujatha Bergen认为牛肉对减碳有很大影响。故选A。]
11．D [标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第三段的“Small changes in dietary habits may make a big difference．Climate activists often target fossil fuels and transportation systems, but studies point to the food system as a significant contributor to global warming．”和最后一段的“People are beginning to understand that their food choices make a big impact on climate”可知，本文主要介绍了人们可以通过选择低碳食物为改善气候变化做出贡献。D项“低碳饮食：一时的疯狂，还是更多？”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章以一个在暑期都要上学的孩子Simone Jones为引子，介绍了全年制学校的优缺点。
12．B [细节理解题。由第一段中的“That's because Simone goes to a year-round school．”可知，Simone Jones在一所全年制学校学习。故选B项。]
13．D [细节理解题。由第二段可知，全年制学校与传统历法学校的不同之处在于全年制学校的假期安排方式不同。故选D项。]
14．A [词义猜测题。由第四段可知，全年制时间表难以实施，不好协调校际的足球比赛时间或家庭出游时间(如果兄弟姐妹在传统历法学校上学的话)，可得出全年制学校也有问题，downside意为“problem”。故选A项。]
15．B [观点态度题。由最后一段中的“Summer break began 120 years ago, when it was very hot in the summer, so schools started closing．Today, we have air conditioning．And most parents work．For many kids, summer days are spent mostly indoors, playing video games and watching TV．Clearly the world has changed．Is it time for summer break to change, too？”可知，作者认为以前放很长的暑假是因为夏天太热了，现在有空调了，所以暑假也该改变了，即作者认为暑假可以不用这么长的时间。故选B项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了孩子如何使用零花钱的问题。
16．F [根据上一句“Why do their parents just give them a certain amount？”可知，此处应该是对此做出回答，F选项“One main purpose is to let kids learn how to manage their own money．”符合语境。故选F。]
17．B [根据空后“Some children get weekly pocket money．Others get monthly pocket money．”可知，此处在讲给零花钱的时间。B选项“Timing is another consideration．”符合上下文。故选B。]
18．G [本段主要讲述孩子花自己的零花钱的时间，要在合适的时间去花自己的钱。根据上一句可知，G选项“By doing so, these children will learn that spending must be done with a budget．”符合上下文。故选G。]
19．C [根据上一句“Some experts think it not wise to pay the children for doing that．”可知，很多人认为给钱让孩子做家务是错误的，C选项“As helping at home is a normal part of family life．”符合上下文。故选C。]
20．A [根据下一句“Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice．”可知，此处是关于储蓄的话题，A选项“They can save it for future use．”符合上下文。故选A。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了以Ramesh为代表的印度南部的农民，最初以化学耕作法种植农作物，成本高，产量低。后来采用自然持续的耕作方法反而富饶了田地，产量也增加了。这种可持续农业既让农民个人受益，也有效帮助了减少碳足迹。
21．B [根据后文“pesticides and fertilizers across his 2．4 hectares in the Anantapur district of southern India”可知，Ramesh应是在自己的田地里使用了杀虫剂和化肥。故选B项。]
22．C [根据前文“In this desert-like area, which gets less than 600 millimeters of rainfall most years”可知，这里严重缺水，务农是一项挑战。故选C项。]
23．C [分析语境可知，空前的“chemical farming”应是指前文“pesticides and fertilizers”提及的使用杀虫剂和化肥这种化学耕作方法。故选C项。]
24．D [根据后文“The farmers depend too much on pesticides．”可知，农民过度依赖杀虫剂，使得这种农业化学用品很普及。故选D项。]
25．A [分析语境可知，“but”表达转折和反义关系，因此所选词应与后文“low”表达含义相反，“花钱多，但产量低”。故选A项。]
26．B [根据前文Ramesh的话“I lost a lot of money growing peanuts through chemical farming ”以及“The chemicals are but the production is low．”可推知，他应是放弃了这种方法。故选B项。]
27．D [根据后文“sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming”是Ramesh放弃了之后，新采用的一种农耕方式。故选D项。]
28．A [根据后文“Ramesh also expanded his crops, peanuts and some tomatoes．Then he added eggplants and other crops．”可知，Ramesh增加了自己的作物种类，由此可推知，他实行的可持续农业方法有成效，成本降低，产量增加。故选A项。]
29．B [“replace sth． with sth．”是固定短语，意为“用某物取代某物”。故选B项。]
30．D [根据前文“In 2007, 22-year-old Ramesh's peanut farm lost money．”可知，Ramesh最初是种植花生的。故选D项。]
31．B [根据后文“which works with farmers”可知，这个组织提供了帮助。故选B项。]
32．C [与前文“sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming”中“sustainable”相呼应，这里应是原词复现“sustainable”。故选C项。]
33．C [根据后文“buy more land”可知，Ramesh应是挣了钱，盈利增加了才会有钱买地。故选C项。]
34．A [根据前文“Ever since I sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming, the production has been and the cost has gone down”可知，Ramesh采用的可持续农业实践方法使得产量增加，由此可知，他成功地使无生命的田地富饶起来。故选A项。]
35．D [根据前文“playing an important role in reducing India's carbon footprint”可知，自然耕作方式在降低碳足迹方面有着重要作用。因此，这里应是将其吸收碳的能力或潜力与标准耕作方式相比较的。故选D项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国对联的起源、目的、寓意等。
36．appreciation [考查名词。根据空前的“for”可知，应填名词作for的宾语。]
37．varies [考查时态和主谓一致。该句讲的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语“the couplet”表示第三人称单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。 ]
38．and [考查并列连词。空处应填连词连接三个分句，表示并列关系用and。]
39．became [考查时态。根据后文的时间状语“in the Ming and Qing Dynasties”可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。]
40．to hang [考查非谓语动词。此处是固定句型“It is/was the custom (for sb．) to do sth．”，故填动词不定式。]
41．in [考查介词。固定表达in a similar way“用类似的方式”。]
42．earliest [考查最高级。根据空前的“the”和语境可知，此处表示据说最早的对联是后蜀主孟昶所写，所以该空应填形容词early的最高级。]
43．extremely [考查副词。修饰形容词“popular”用副词。]
44．has been regarded [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Since the Ming Dynasty”可知，该空应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作持续到现在；句子的主语“to write couplets”与regard之间为被动关系，主语“to write couplets”为非谓语动词短语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has been regarded。]
45．the [考查冠词。固定短语the number of表示“……的数量”。]
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第一部分 阅读
第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bethany Simpson，a pupil at St Columb Major Academy，Cornwall，bravely stepped in when her stepfather Robert Hoskins stopped breathing on March 15．She delivered CPR before the ambulance arrived．
Bethany's mother Jane and Robert were watching TV in bed when both of them had fallen asleep，but Jane woke up and noticed Robert's breathing had become weak and hard． Jane quickly called 999 and followed the operator's advice，including moving him onto his side to make him more comfortable． But when Robert stopped breathing completely and the operator told her to give CPR，Jane completely froze．
“I panicked and said ‘I can't do it’，” said Jane． “Fortunately，Bethany heard my screams，came into the bedroom and said ‘It's OK，Mum． I know what to do．’ She was so confident and took charge．” Bethany performed CPR that kept Robert alive．
Robert，who is now recovering at home，said，“I would just like to sincerely thank St John Ambulance for teaching the children first aid． If it were not for them and Bethany，I wouldn't be here．” The ten-year-old says she doesn't believe she is a hero． “I'm just glad my dad is still here，” she added．
Both Robert and Jane believe the government should ask all schools to teach first aid． “This incident just shows why it's important to teach everyone first aid—especially in schools，” said Jane． “Without my daughter and the training St John Ambulance gave her，Robert would be dead and I would be heartbroken． I'm so proud of Bethany and so grateful．”
1．When the operator told Jane to give CPR，she ________．
A．followed the advice
B．called an ambulance
C．didn't know what to do
D．asked her daughter for help
2．We can infer from the text that Bethany ________．
A．had trouble performing CPR
B．hadn't learned CPR before the incident
C．was taught how to perform CPR by phone
D．had some knowledge of CPR before the incident
3．What did Jane learn from the incident
A．It's easy for one to master first aid．
B．First aid is especially useful to kids．
C．Everyone should be equipped with first-aid knowledge．
D．Children should be taught first aid as early as possible．
B
When I was in nursing school, I had to focus more on my studies than other aspects of life, and learn so much in a short amount of time．However, the clinical experience of nursing school allowed me to have the opportunity to put what I learned in my classes and readings into action．
One of my favorite experiences during my clinical training was when I had a patient who was first starting chemotherapy (化疗)．My nursing instructor Marie told me that patients often experience an anaphylactic(过敏性的)reaction to the medicine when they first start chemotherapy, so it is important to give the medicine at a slower rate．Marie said that if we had a patient who reacted to the medicine, we should stop running the chemotherapy, check the patient's blood pressure, and then give the appropriate medicine from the emergency kit．
When I checked my patient a couple of minutes after starting his chemotherapy, I asked him questions related to an anaphylactic reaction．I also noticed his face was getting a little red and he looked short of breath．He mentioned having lower back pain, so I immediately stopped the chemotherapy, started taking his blood pressure, and reported it to Marie．His blood pressure was within his normal limits, so we gave him Benadryl via his IV．The Benadryl helped the patient, and we had the Benadryl running when we started his chemotherapy again, but at a slower rate．This time the patient did not have an anaphylactic reaction, and tolerated his chemotherapy well．
This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine．Marie and I taught our patient about the reactions he could have due to the chemotherapy; due to our teaching, our patient recognized his symptoms and was able to know that what he was experiencing was an expected reaction．During the clinical training, I had many experiences where I had to think on my feet and conduct nursing care quickly．These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care．
4．Why did the author stop giving the patient chemotherapy
A．He had high blood pressure．
B．He had a reaction to the medicine．
C．He failed to tolerate the back pain．
D．He refused to answer her questions．
5．According to the author, what played a key role in saving the patient
A．Giving the patient immediate first aid．
B．Making the chemotherapy tolerable．
C．Assessing the effectiveness of the medicine．
D．Telling the patient the possible reactions of the medicine．
6．Which of the following words best describes the author's clinical experience
A．Rewarding． B．Dangerous．
C．Interesting． D．Painful．
7．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To express gratitude to her instructor．
B．To encourage others to take up nursing．
C．To share her clinical training experiences．
D．To stress the importance of medical treatment．
C
This fall, students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their dining commons: the “diet for a cooler planet” menu．This meant herb-roasted lamb, raised with a carbon-friendly approach．It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm's field post-harvest．The options were plant-heavy, locally grown, and involved little or no packaging．
“We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food，” says Kathy Wicks, sustainability director for UMass Dining．The university is not alone in this effort．Increasingly, American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices factor into climate change．For many, small choices at the grocery store, dining hall, and restaurant can feel more accessible than big-ticket options like buying a fuel-efficient car or installing home solar panels．
Small changes in dietary habits may make a big difference．Climate activists often target fossil fuels and transportation systems, but studies point to the food system as a significant contributor to global warming．According to Project Drawdown, a research organization that evaluates climate solutions, the way food is grown, transported, and consumed accounts for about a quarter of the world's greenhouse gas emissions．Beef is a regular target．“If, on average, Americans cut a quarter pound of beef per week from their diet, it's like taking 10 million cars off the road a year，” says Sujatha Bergen, director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council．Food waste ranks third among climate solutions．While much waste occurs before consumers are involved—food left on the field or “chucked” because it does not fit appearance standards, Americans also throw out a lot of food they have purchased: about $1，600 worth a year per family of four．
“People are beginning to understand that their food choices make a big impact on climate，” says Megan Larmer, director of regional food at the Glynwood Center for Regional Food and Farming in New York．But, she cautions substantial changes will need to come from the whole food system．
8．What is the purpose of the new menu at the University of Massachusetts
A．To market the cold dishes．
B．To reduce the cost of packaging．
C．To popularize the plant-heavy diet．
D．To promote low carbon awareness．
9．What can be inferred from paragraph 2
A．Food is a decisive factor for climate change．
B．Food choices matter much to global warming．
C．Universities are working together in climate action．
D．Fuel-efficient cars are not affordable for consumers．
10．What does Sujatha Bergen say about beef
A．It has great influence on carbon reduction．
B．It is popular among millions of car drivers．
C．It has a close relationship with gas emissions．
D．It plays a significant role in American's diet．
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Food System Reform: A Successful Trial
B．Global Warming: An Approaching Danger
C．Carbon Emission: A Killer, or a Healer
D．Low Carbon Diet: A Craze, or More
D
Summer is around the corner, and you may already be dreaming about how you'll spend your break．Chances are, staying in school is not your top pick．But for 13-year-old Simone Jones of Philadelphia—and more than 2 million other students in the USA—going to school in the summer is the only choice．That's because Simone goes to a year-round school．
In fact, year-round schools have almost the same number of vacation days as traditional-calendar schools．In a year-round school, the summer break is usually shortened to about four weeks; the remaining vacation time gets spread out over the rest of the year．Simone, for example, gets a few weeks off in the fall, winter, and spring．
That extra time off during the school year can be a good thing．“Everyone thinks a year-round school is hard，” says Simone．“But the little breaks take a lot of pressure (压力) off us．”
Reorganizing the year can prevent summer learning loss—that is, forgetting what you've learned from the prior school year．However, there is a downside．In fact, some schools have tried year-round schedules only to turn back when it was difficult to carry out．Try setting up a soccer game with another school when you're on a break every few weeks．Planning family trips can be difficult too, especially if siblings are on different school schedules．
What does summer vacation mean in the USA It's an American tradition, and a time to create lasting memories．But is the tradition a good enough reason to keep it around Summer break began 120 years ago, when it was very hot in the summer, so schools started closing．Today, we have air conditioning．And most parents work．For many kids, summer days are spent mostly indoors, playing video games and watching TV．Clearly the world has changed．Is it time for summer break to change, too
12．According to the text，Simone Jones ________．
A．suffers from summer heat
B．studies at a year-round school
C．has become tired of going to school
D．keeps forgetting what she's learned at school
13．In what way are year-round schools different from traditional-calendar schools
A．The number of vacation days．
B．When students go to school every day．
C．What subjects students may choose．
D．How the holidays are organized．
14．The underlined word “downside” in paragraph 4 could best be replaced by “________”．
A．problem B．choice
C．danger D．duty
15．In the author's opinion, summer vacation ________．
A．was started in the early 19th century
B．doesn't have to be that long any more
C．is a tradition for people to keep alive
D．is a good time for kids to enjoy themselves
第二节
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every boy and every girl expects their parents to give them more pocket money．Why do their parents just give them a certain amount？ 16
The amount of money that parents give their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family． 17 Some children get weekly pocket money．Others get monthly pocket money．
First of all, children are expected to make a choice between spending and saving．Then parents should make the children understand what is expected to pay for with the money．At first, some young children may spend all of the money soon after they receive it．Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until it is the right time． 18
In order to encourage their children to do some housework, some parents give pocket money if the children help around the home．Some experts think it not wise to pay the children for doing that． 19
Pocket money can give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with the money．They can spend it by giving it to a good cause．They can spend it by buying things they want． 20 Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice．Saving can also open the door to future savings and investing for children．
A．They can save it for future use．
B．Timing is another consideration．
C．As helping at home is a normal part of family life．
D．Some children are not good at managing their pocket money．
E．Learning how to get money is very important for every child．
F．One main purpose is to let kids learn how to manage their own money．
G．By doing so, these children will learn that spending must be done with a budget．
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2007, 22-year-old Ramesh's peanut farm lost money．As was often the case in most of India, Ramesh was 21 pesticides and fertilizers across his 2．4 hectares in the Anantapur district of southern India．In this desert-like area, which gets less than 600 millimeters of rainfall most years, farming is a(n) 22 ．
“I lost a lot of money growing peanuts through chemical farming 23 ，” says Ramesh, who is interested in agriculture．The chemicals are 24 in many parts of southern India．The farmers depend too much on pesticides．The chemicals are 25 but the production is low．Then in 2017, he 26 the chemicals．“Ever since I 27 sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming, the production has been 28 and the cost has gone down，” he says．
One natural farming method calls for 29 all chemical fertilizers and pesticides with organic matter to boost soil nutrient levels．Ramesh also expanded his crops, 30 peanuts and some tomatoes．Then he added eggplants and other crops．
With the 31 of the non-profit organization Accion Fraterna Ecology Center, which works with farmers who want to try 32 farming, Ramesh increased his 33 enough to buy more land, expanding his field．Like thousands of other farmers practicing natural farming across India, Ramesh has 34 to enrich his dead soil while his new trees help keep carbon out of the atmosphere, thus playing an important role in reducing India's carbon footprint．A recent study has shown that the carbon absorption 35 of natural farming is as much as 34 percent higher than standard forms of agriculture．
21．A．collecting B．applying
C．gaining D．robbing
22．A．advantage B．principle
C．challenge D．disaster
23．A．phenomena B．conditions
C．methods D．analyses
24．A．accessible B．specific
C．missing D．common
25．A．costly B．useful
C．complicated D．harmless
26．A．advocated B．abandoned
C．adopted D．advanced
27．A．broke up B．left out
C．backed out D．took up
28．A．increased B．emphasized
C．ruined D．suspended
29．A．understanding B．replacing
C．confusing D．rejecting
30．A．anxiously B．eventually
C．rarely D．originally
31．A．adjustment B．aid
C．exception D．debt
32．A．temporary B．overseas
C．sustainable D．abnormal
33．A．fitness B．limits
C．profits D．respect
34．A.managed B．hesitated
C．failed D．agreed
35．A．loss B．barrier
C．credit D．potential
第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese couplet(对联) refers to two poetic lines obeying certain rules, often written on red paper for 36．________(appreciate)．
As a form of Chinese literature, the couplet 37．________(vary) in content and style． Some express people's love to their motherland, some describe the beauty of nature, 38．________ some convey best wishes for the coming year．
Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties, and 39．________(become) ubiquitous(无处不在的) in the Ming and Qing Dynasties． It was the custom for people 40．________(hang) peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival． Nowadays, couplets are used 41．________ a similar way．
It was said that the 42．________(early) couplet was written by Meng Chang, King of Later Shu and it was 43．________(extreme) popular in the Northern Song Dynasty． Since the Ming Dynasty, to write couplets 44．________(regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars．
The couplet has two equal-length lines． However, 45．________ number of characters in each line can be from four to seven or more． The first and the second lines have opposite tone patterns． The last character of the first line is of an oblique tone(仄声), and its opposite in the second line is of a level tone(平声)。
第三部分 写作
第一节
为了增强全校师生的安全意识，提高应对火灾险情的能力，你校将于11月9日举办消防知识讲座。请你以学生会的名义在学校 English Club 的网站上发一则书面通知，内容包括：
1．讲座的时间和地点；
2．讲座的内容；
3．注意事项。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：a fire extinguisher灭火器
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第二节
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could get—a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey．My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen—teaching English．
School started．I was teaching English．I worked hard, taking time off only to eat and sleep．And then there was my sixth-grade class．The students were only six years younger than me．I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher．I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love for the written word．The students wanted to throw spitballs(纸团)and whisper dirty words in the back of the room．
In college, I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior．As the textbook had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention．But in fact, humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem to be reasonable．By the time my boss, who was also my taskmaster, known to be the strictest, most demanding, most quick to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise．
My boss sat in the back of the room．The boys in the class were making animal noises, hitting each other while the girls were filing(锉) their nails or reading magazines．I just pretended it all wasn't happening and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions．My boss, sitting in the back of the room, seemed to be growing bigger and bigger．After twenty minutes, he left silently．Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes．I felt mildly proud that I got through the rest of class without crying, but at my next free period, I knew I had to face him．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
After class, I walked to his office, took a deep breath and opened the door．_______________________________________________________________
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Inspired by his advice, I walked toward the classroom, determined to make a change．_____________________________________________________________
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单元综合检测(五)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
C D C B D A C D B A D B
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
D A B F B G C A B C C D
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
A B D A B D B C C A D
36．appreciation 37．varies 38．and 39．became 40．to hang 41．in 42．earliest 43．extremely 44．has been regarded 45．the
第三部分 第一节
[参考范文]
NOTICE
A lecture on fire control knowledge will be delivered on our school playground on 9th November．Everyone is supposed to attend it．
The lectue will last about 2 hours, from 3 p.m． to 5 p.m．Not only will the officer of fire station offer us fire knowledge, but he will also create some situations for us students to perform proper fire drills, from which we will definitely benefit a lot．
Please remember to be punctual and take some notes when necessary．You are also expected to wear convenient shoes．
The Students' Union
第二节
[参考范文]
After class, I walked to his office, took a deep breath and opened the door．My boss was sitting in his chair with a poker face, gazing at me silently．I was wondering if he would fire me right away．Instead of saying anything, he handed me a letter, which added to my anxiety at that moment．However, my eyes were wide open when I read it．It was not an unemployment letter but a letter with several suggestions about teaching, one of which was highlighted in red: An educator should respect students' feelings．Almost immediately, a surge of warmth rose inside me．
Inspired by his advice, I walked toward the classroom, determined to make a change．The next day, I stood on the platform, eyes wandering across the classroom．I cleared my throat and announced, “Let's begin with what you think about my literature lesson．” Suddenly, a complete silence fell over the class, with a puzzled look on their faces．I encouraged, “Anything you'd like to say is welcomed！” A ripple of excitement spread through the classroom．The literature class soon amazingly came back to life thanks to their brilliant voices．It was at that time I fully understood what my boss told me: Respecting the students instead of ignoring them will make a difference．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个10岁的小女孩在继父心脏病发作时，给他实施心肺复苏术，使他得救的故事。
1．C [细节理解题。由第三段第一句可知，简不知道如何实施心肺复苏术。]
2．D [推理判断题。由第三段的“I know what to do．”和第四段的“I would just like to sincerely thank St John Ambulance for teaching the children first aid．”以及最后一段倒数第二句可推知，贝瑟尼在继父的事件发生之前接受过心肺复苏术的培训。]
3．C [细节理解题。分析最后一段尤其第二句可知，简从这个事件中体会到每个人都应具备急救知识，并强调所有学校都应该教给孩子这项技能。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要分享了她的临床培训经历以及收获。
4．B [细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Marie said that if we had a patient who reacted to the medicine, we should stop running the chemotherapy, check the patient's blood pressure, and then give the appropriate medicine from the emergency kit．”可知，因为病人对药物有反应，所以作者停止患者的化疗。故选B。]
5．D [推理判断题。根据文章倒数第一段的“This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine．”可知，告诉病人药物可能产生的反应对救病人起了关键作用。故选D。]
6．A [推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care．”可知，作者的临床培训经历是值得的，有意义的。故选A。]
7．C [写作意图题。根据文章最后一段的“This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine．”以及“These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care．”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享她的临床培训经历。故选C。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以通过选择低碳食物对改善气候变化做出贡献。
8．D [推理判断题。根据第一段的“This meant herb-roasted lamb, raised with a carbon-friendly approach．It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm's field post-harvest．The options were plant-heavy, locally grown, and involved little or no packaging．”和第二段的“‘We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food，’says Kathy Wicks, sustainability director for UMass Dining．”可推知，马萨诸塞州大学推出新菜单的目的是促进学生的低碳意识。故选D。]
9．B [推理判断题。根据第二段的“Increasingly, American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices factor into climate change．For many, small choices at the grocery store, dining hall, and restaurant can feel more accessible than big-ticket options like buying a fuel-efficient car or installing home solar panels．”可推知，食物选择对全球变暖意义重大，因为比起节能汽车等昂贵的选择来说，它更容易做到。故选B。]
10．A [推理判断题。根据第三段的“‘If, on average, Americans cut a quarter pound of beef per week from their diet, it's like taking 10 million cars off the road a year，’says Sujatha Bergen, director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council．”可知，Sujatha Bergen认为人们少吃牛肉就相当于减少了汽车排放。由此推知，Sujatha Bergen认为牛肉对减碳有很大影响。故选A。]
11．D [标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第三段的“Small changes in dietary habits may make a big difference．Climate activists often target fossil fuels and transportation systems, but studies point to the food system as a significant contributor to global warming．”和最后一段的“People are beginning to understand that their food choices make a big impact on climate”可知，本文主要介绍了人们可以通过选择低碳食物为改善气候变化做出贡献。D项“低碳饮食：一时的疯狂，还是更多？”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章以一个在暑期都要上学的孩子Simone Jones为引子，介绍了全年制学校的优缺点。
12．B [细节理解题。由第一段中的“That's because Simone goes to a year-round school．”可知，Simone Jones在一所全年制学校学习。故选B项。]
13．D [细节理解题。由第二段可知，全年制学校与传统历法学校的不同之处在于全年制学校的假期安排方式不同。故选D项。]
14．A [词义猜测题。由第四段可知，全年制时间表难以实施，不好协调校际的足球比赛时间或家庭出游时间(如果兄弟姐妹在传统历法学校上学的话)，可得出全年制学校也有问题，downside意为“problem”。故选A项。]
15．B [观点态度题。由最后一段中的“Summer break began 120 years ago, when it was very hot in the summer, so schools started closing．Today, we have air conditioning．And most parents work．For many kids, summer days are spent mostly indoors, playing video games and watching TV．Clearly the world has changed．Is it time for summer break to change, too？”可知，作者认为以前放很长的暑假是因为夏天太热了，现在有空调了，所以暑假也该改变了，即作者认为暑假可以不用这么长的时间。故选B项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了孩子如何使用零花钱的问题。
16．F [根据上一句“Why do their parents just give them a certain amount？”可知，此处应该是对此做出回答，F选项“One main purpose is to let kids learn how to manage their own money．”符合语境。故选F。]
17．B [根据空后“Some children get weekly pocket money．Others get monthly pocket money．”可知，此处在讲给零花钱的时间。B选项“Timing is another consideration．”符合上下文。故选B。]
18．G [本段主要讲述孩子花自己的零花钱的时间，要在合适的时间去花自己的钱。根据上一句可知，G选项“By doing so, these children will learn that spending must be done with a budget．”符合上下文。故选G。]
19．C [根据上一句“Some experts think it not wise to pay the children for doing that．”可知，很多人认为给钱让孩子做家务是错误的，C选项“As helping at home is a normal part of family life．”符合上下文。故选C。]
20．A [根据下一句“Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice．”可知，此处是关于储蓄的话题，A选项“They can save it for future use．”符合上下文。故选A。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了以Ramesh为代表的印度南部的农民，最初以化学耕作法种植农作物，成本高，产量低。后来采用自然持续的耕作方法反而富饶了田地，产量也增加了。这种可持续农业既让农民个人受益，也有效帮助了减少碳足迹。
21．B [根据后文“pesticides and fertilizers across his 2．4 hectares in the Anantapur district of southern India”可知，Ramesh应是在自己的田地里使用了杀虫剂和化肥。故选B项。]
22．C [根据前文“In this desert-like area, which gets less than 600 millimeters of rainfall most years”可知，这里严重缺水，务农是一项挑战。故选C项。]
23．C [分析语境可知，空前的“chemical farming”应是指前文“pesticides and fertilizers”提及的使用杀虫剂和化肥这种化学耕作方法。故选C项。]
24．D [根据后文“The farmers depend too much on pesticides．”可知，农民过度依赖杀虫剂，使得这种农业化学用品很普及。故选D项。]
25．A [分析语境可知，“but”表达转折和反义关系，因此所选词应与后文“low”表达含义相反，“花钱多，但产量低”。故选A项。]
26．B [根据前文Ramesh的话“I lost a lot of money growing peanuts through chemical farming ”以及“The chemicals are but the production is low．”可推知，他应是放弃了这种方法。故选B项。]
27．D [根据后文“sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming”是Ramesh放弃了之后，新采用的一种农耕方式。故选D项。]
28．A [根据后文“Ramesh also expanded his crops, peanuts and some tomatoes．Then he added eggplants and other crops．”可知，Ramesh增加了自己的作物种类，由此可推知，他实行的可持续农业方法有成效，成本降低，产量增加。故选A项。]
29．B [“replace sth． with sth．”是固定短语，意为“用某物取代某物”。故选B项。]
30．D [根据前文“In 2007, 22-year-old Ramesh's peanut farm lost money．”可知，Ramesh最初是种植花生的。故选D项。]
31．B [根据后文“which works with farmers”可知，这个组织提供了帮助。故选B项。]
32．C [与前文“sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming”中“sustainable”相呼应，这里应是原词复现“sustainable”。故选C项。]
33．C [根据后文“buy more land”可知，Ramesh应是挣了钱，盈利增加了才会有钱买地。故选C项。]
34．A [根据前文“Ever since I sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming, the production has been and the cost has gone down”可知，Ramesh采用的可持续农业实践方法使得产量增加，由此可知，他成功地使无生命的田地富饶起来。故选A项。]
35．D [根据前文“playing an important role in reducing India's carbon footprint”可知，自然耕作方式在降低碳足迹方面有着重要作用。因此，这里应是将其吸收碳的能力或潜力与标准耕作方式相比较的。故选D项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国对联的起源、目的、寓意等。
36．appreciation [考查名词。根据空前的“for”可知，应填名词作for的宾语。]
37．varies [考查时态和主谓一致。该句讲的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语“the couplet”表示第三人称单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。 ]
38．and [考查并列连词。空处应填连词连接三个分句，表示并列关系用and。]
39．became [考查时态。根据后文的时间状语“in the Ming and Qing Dynasties”可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。]
40．to hang [考查非谓语动词。此处是固定句型“It is/was the custom (for sb．) to do sth．”，故填动词不定式。]
41．in [考查介词。固定表达in a similar way“用类似的方式”。]
42．earliest [考查最高级。根据空前的“the”和语境可知，此处表示据说最早的对联是后蜀主孟昶所写，所以该空应填形容词early的最高级。]
43．extremely [考查副词。修饰形容词“popular”用副词。]
44．has been regarded [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Since the Ming Dynasty”可知，该空应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作持续到现在；句子的主语“to write couplets”与regard之间为被动关系，主语“to write couplets”为非谓语动词短语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has been regarded。]
45．the [考查冠词。固定短语the number of表示“……的数量”。]
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