Period 5 课文整体教学(Using Language)
Ⅰ．文章大意
What's the main idea of the passage
A．Achievements of a famous scientist．
B．A great scientist—Albert Einstein．
C．The great findings of Albert Einstein．
D．The education of Albert Einstein．
Ⅱ．篇章结构
1．Which of the following has the similar meaning to the word “numerous” in paragraph 1
A．Very small． B．Rather outstanding．
C．Amounts of． D．Splendid．
2．Why was Einstein awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize
A．He was recorded to be a miracle then．
B．He had four physics papers published．
C．He became just as famous as Newton．
D．He explained the photoelectric effect．
3．Why did Einstein have to flee Germany
A．He wanted to go to the USA．
B．Hitler came into power．
C．He took up a job in Princeton．
D．To make achievements in physics．
4．What can be indicated from the sentence “Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein！”？
A．Many people mistook him for Einstein．
B．He regretted explaining things to others．
C．He was seen as a slightly odd-looking man．
D．He was too modest and didn't want fame．
1．What do you think of Einstein
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2．After reading the passage，what can you learn from Albert Einstein
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．figure v．认为，认定；计算 n．数字；图；人物；体形；塑像；人影
①(教材原句)Einstein was not only a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people． ______
②I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs． ______
③Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993． ______
④Glancing round，he caught sight of a dark figure in the shadows． ______
2．fail v．失败；未能(做到)；不及格；出故障；失灵；(指健康)衰退；使失望；有负于
①(教材原句)When he was 16，he tried to enter university in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores... ___________
②His last months in office were affected by failing health． _________
③The brakes on my bike failed halfway down the hill． ________
④When he lost his job，he felt he had failed his family． _________
3．quit v．离任；停止；戒掉；离开
①(教材原句)After four years，he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university． ____
②A nicotine spray can help smokers quit the habit without putting on weight．
_______
③Police were called when he refused to quit the building． ____
4．His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves． ______
Ⅱ．词块积累
1．___________________________________________
为世界作出了许多贡献
2．_______________________ 由于他的分数低
3．______________________________ 一个勇敢而善良的人
4．___________________________ 取得优异的成绩
5．_____________________________ 出于对……的强烈热爱
6．____________________________________
从事研究员一职
7．____________________________________
在物理方面取得巨大的成就
8．_______________________________________
被认为是一个外表有点古怪的人
9．______________ 寻求帮助
Ⅲ．写作佳句
1．Einstein was __________ a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure __________ many people．
爱因斯坦不仅是个天才，还是一个勇敢而且善良的人，受到许多人的喜爱。
2．After studying for another year，he __________________________，_____________________ in 1896 and graduating in 1900．
又经过一年的学习，他成功通过了考试。1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。
3．_______________ there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，_____________________ in physics in 1905．
在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
4．In 1922，he _____________ the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect．
1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。
5．Following that，he _________________________________________ physics and mathematics．
此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得巨大成就。
6．To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but ____________________．
在公众眼中，他看起来有点古怪，但很善良，也很有趣。
Ⅳ．长难语句
1．He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock．
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。and连接两个并列成分，作had的____；which引导________从句，修饰hair；as though引导____从句。
[翻译] ______________________________
2．There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework．
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。how引导____从句，作介词about的宾语；who引导____从句，修饰a little girl；and连接两个并列的谓语。
[翻译] _________________________________________
3．On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist．
[分析] 本句是一个并列句。On 18 April 1955是____状语；and连接两个并列的分句。it是______，真正的主语是that从句。
[翻译] ____________________________________________
Ⅴ．课文语法填空
Albert Einstein 1．_______________(consider) a genius，the greatest scientist in modern physics and one of the 2．__________(smart) men．He made numerous 3．_______________ (contribution) to the world．
4．____ 14 March 1879，he was born in Germany．In 1896，he managed 5．__________ (enter) university and graduated in 1900．In 1905，he earned a doctorate in physics and 6．___________(publish) four extraordinary physics papers．Not until 1909 7．_____(do) he enter research full-time at a university．
And in 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect．Unfortunately，in 1933，he had to flee Germany after Hitler came to power 8．_________ he was Jewish．He took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA．9．_____ continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics．On 18 April 1955，he passed 10．______．
1．(教材原句)Use your discussion to draw conclusions about the meaning of greatness．
*conclusion n．结论；推论(conclude vt．推断出；得出结论)
(1)draw/come to/arrive at a conclusion
得出结论
jump to conclusions 匆忙得出结论
in conclusion 总之
(2)to conclude 总之
单句写作
①(读后续写之主旨升华)我从我自己的经历中得出结论：用我们自己的双手工作是很重要的。
I __________________________________________________ from my own experiences ______ it is important to work with our own hands．
②总之，我喜欢春天的一切，尤其是沐浴在雨中和阳光中的感觉。
___________________________，I like everything in spring，especially the feelings of being bathed in the rain and sunshine．
2．(教材原句)While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905．
*passion n．酷爱；激情(passionate adj．有热情的；狂热的)
(1)have a passion for 酷爱；热爱
(2)be passionate about 对……充满热情的
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The professor was very knowledgeable and ____________ (passion) about the subject．
②Since he was only a child，Ben had been passionate _______ computer programming．
③(应用文写作之邀请信) 我真诚地邀请你加入俱乐部，因为我知道你对运动有极大的热情。
I sincerely invite you to join the club，because I know you __________________ ________ sports．
3．(教材原句)Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany．
*circumstance n．[usually pl．]条件；环境；状况
under/in no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不……(位于句首时句子要部分
倒装)
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此
under/in any circumstance(s) 在任何情况下
[名师点津] 表示“决不”且与under/in no circumstances用法类似的词组还有in no case，at no time，by no means，in no way，on no account，on no condition等。
单句语法填空/单句写作
①____ any circumstance where light is being absorbed，there is a pressure．
②Unfortunately，due to unforeseen _______________ (circumstance)，this year's show has been cancelled．
③(读后续写之情绪描写)尴尬极了，我提醒自己决不会再犯这样的错误了。
Embarrassed，I reminded myself that _______________________________________ such a mistake again．
4．(教材原句)Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany．
*come to power(开始)掌权；上台(powerful adj． 强大的；权力大的)
in one's power 在某人的掌控中
beyond one's power 某人力所不能及的
have the power to do sth． 有能力做某事
in power 当权，掌权
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The media has a __________(power) influence on public opinion．
②自从他掌权以来，这个国家的境况有了巨大的改善。
________________________，the situation in the country has been greatly improved．
③(读后续写之主旨升华)但这一次，他们让我意识到了一件事——言语具有伤害和治愈的力量。
But this time they made me realize something—words ___________________ hurt and heal．
5．(教材原句)As a consequence，he had to flee Germany．
*consequence n．结果；后果(consequent adj．随之发生的；作为结果的 consequently adv．因此；所以)
in consequence/as a consequence＝as a result
因此；结果
in consequence of/as a consequence of＝as a result of
由于……
单句语法填空/单句写作
①She was a bright and eager student and，______________ (consequent)，did well in study．
②At present，as a _____________ (consequent) of human activities，many wild animals are endangered．
③(应用文写作之道歉信) 我祖父在医院接受治疗，因此我必须照顾他。
My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and _________________________ ______，I have to take care of him．
6．(教材原句)After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA．
*take up a position 担任；任职
take up 占用(时间、空间)；占据(位置)；开始从事；拿起；继续；接受
take off (飞机)起飞；(事业)成功；脱下(衣物)
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take over 接管；接替
take in 欺骗；吸入；理解
take down 记录；记下；拆掉
一词多义/单句写作
①When she graduated，she took up journalism． ______
②Writing the paper took up most of the weekend． ____
③He takes up a pen and writes down his name． ____
④这个学生记下这条谚语，并设法理解它。
The student ___________ the proverb and tried to ______ it ____．
⑤他接管公司后，公司呈现出了新面貌。
After he ___________ the company，it _________ a new look．
词汇 1．found vt．创建；建立；把……建立在 2．gentle adj．温柔的；文静的 3．gradually adv．逐渐地；逐步地 4．encounter vt．偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇 5．remarkable adj．非凡的；显著的
微练 1．他还与这对夫妇成立了一个组织，为更多在日常旅行中遇到困难的人筹集资金。 He _________________________ with the couple to raise money for more people who have difficulties in daily trips． 2．她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。 ________________ danced around the corners of her mouth，making us feel at ease． 3．随着天空逐渐变暗，光线也越来越暗，他加快了步伐。 As the sky ____________________ and the light dimmed，he quickened his steps． 4．我们在第一周遇到了许多困难。 We ______________________________________ in the first week． 5．伯纳德长大后成为一个了不起的人。他也尽其所能帮助那些有需要的人。 Bernard grew up to _____________________．He also did what he could to help those in need．
1．(教材原句)He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2．
*独立主格结构
(1)the most well-known being the general theory of...是独立主格结构。
(2)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致。
(3)“名词/代词＋非谓语动词(不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词)/形容词/副词/名词/介词短语”形式的独立主格结构在句中作状语，多用于书面语。
(4)独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
单句语法填空/句型转换
①The work __________ (finish)，they left the office and went home．
②The exam ____________ (hold) tomorrow，I couldn't go to the cinema tonight．
③The students _____________ (do) all the exercises，the teacher went on to explain the text．
④So many students _______ (be) absent，the meeting had to be put off．
⑤Because the floor was wet and slippery，we had to stay outside for a while．
→____________________________，we had to stay outside for a while．
⑥(读后续写之情绪描写)The new teacher came in，and a smile was on her face．
→The new teacher came in，_____________________．
2．(教材原句)While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905．
*状语从句的省略(1)句中“While working there”相当于“While he was working there”，省略了“he was”。
(2)状语从句的省略原则：
①在when，while，once，if，unless，although，as等引导的时间、条件、让步和方式状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，为了使句子结构简洁，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。
②若从句的主语为it，谓语动词为be的某种形式时，也可以将it和be动词一起省略。
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals，if not _________(handle) properly，may lead to spreading diseases．
②Though _________ (know) the truth，he remained silent．
③他擦窗户时把手指割破了。
He had his fingers cut ____________________________________．
④(读后续写之动作描写)一天放学后，当我探索这座壮丽大山上的绿色树林时，我差点跌倒在台阶上。
One day after school，_________________ the green woods of this magnificent mountain，I almost fell on a set of stairs．
①numerous adj．众多的；许多的
②make contributions to...对……作出贡献
③theory n．理论；学说
④relativity n．相对论；相对性
⑤formula n．公式；方程式；配方
⑥not only...(but also...)不但……而且……
⑦genius n．(pl．geniuses) 天才；天资；天赋
⑧courageous adj．有胆量的，勇敢的
⑨figure n．人物，人士
⑩gentle adj．温柔的；文静的
exceptional adj．优异的；杰出的
manage to do sth．成功做成某事
patent n．专利；专利证书；获得专利adj．有专利的；受专利保护的
passion n．酷爱；激情
doctorate n．博士学位
miracle n．奇迹
extraordinary adj．不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
gradually adv．逐渐地；逐步地
photoelectric adj．光电的
circumstance n．[usually pl．]条件；环境；状况
come to power (开始)掌权；上台
academic adj．学业的；学术的
institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗
consequence n．结果；后果
as a consequence 结果，因此
take up a position 担任；任职
institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
slightly adv．轻微地
odd-looking adj．相貌奇特的；外表怪异的
moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭
on end 竖着；直立着
peculiarity n．个性；特点；怪异的性质
encounter vt．偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
be mistaken for... 被误认为……，被误解为……
professor n．教授
pass away 去世
mourn vt．&vi．哀悼；忧伤
brilliant adj．杰出的，才华横溢的
THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR
UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics[1]，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived[2]．He made numerous① contributions to② the world，the most well-known being the general theory③ of relativity④ and the famous formula⑤ E＝mc2[3]．Einstein was not only⑥ a genius⑦；he was a courageous⑧ and kind figure⑨ loved by many people[4]．
[1]who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Albert Einstein。
[2]who ever lived是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词men，who在句中作主语。
[3]the most well-known后省略了contributions，the most well-known(contributions) being...是“名词＋非谓语动词”形式的独立主格结构。
[4]loved by many people是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词figure。
This gentle⑩ genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879．When he was 16，he tried to enter university in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam，despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics．After studying for another year，he managed to pass the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900[5]．
[5]entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900是动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语，表示一种合乎情理的、顺其自然的结果。
After two years of looking for work as a teacher，Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office．While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905．[6] That same year，which was later recorded as a miracle year in science[7]，he published four extraordinary physics papers．Following this[8]，he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton．After four years，he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university．In 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect．
[6]该句是复合句，While working there是省略“he was”的时间状语从句；earning a doctorate in physics in 1905是动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语。
[7]which was later recorded as a miracle year in science是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词year。
[8]Following this是动词-ing形式(短语)作伴随状语。
Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany[9]．Einstein，who was Jewish[10]，found the doors of academic institutions closed[11] to him．As a consequence ，he had to flee Germany．After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA．Following that，he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics．
[9]when Hitler came to power in Germany是when引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1933。
[10]who was Jewish是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Einstein。
[11]found the doors...closed是“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其构成为：find＋宾语＋名词/形容词/介词短语/动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式。
To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man．He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock．[12] Although he was a genius，he sometimes forgot things，like his friends' birthdays．But despite his peculiarities ，he was loved by his friends and neighbours．There is even a story about how he helped a little girl[13] who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework[14]．In fact，Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things[15]．After many such occasions，he finally started saying，“Pardon me！Sorry！Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein！”
[12]本句是复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词hair。as though引导方式状语从句，使用了虚拟语气。
[13]how he helped a little girl是宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。
[14]who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework是定语从句，修饰先行词a little girl。
[15]who would stop him and ask him to help explain things是定语从句，修饰先行词people。
On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away [16] ，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist．
[16]在it was reported that Einstein had passed away中，it作形式主语，that Einstein had passed away是主语从句，作真正的主语。
改变我们对宇宙认知的人
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，这位或许是现代物理学领域最伟大的科学家，被公认是有史以来最聪明的人之一。他对世界作出了许多贡献，最为知名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E＝mc2。爱因斯坦不仅是个天才，还是一个勇敢而善良的人，受到许多人的喜爱。
这位温和的天才于1879年3月14日出生于德国。16岁时，他曾试图去瑞士上大学，尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于入学考试的综合部分分数较低，他没有被录取。又经过一年的学习，他成功通过了考试。1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。
在找了两年的教师工作后，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局找到了一份职员的工作。在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。同年，他发表了四篇非凡的物理学论文，这一年后来被认为是在科学方面的奇迹之年。此后，他逐渐成为举世闻名的“新艾萨克·牛顿”。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入一所大学做全职研究。1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。
1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。因此，他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲待了一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院找到了一份研究员的工作。此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得巨大成就。
在公众眼中，他看起来有点古怪，但很善良，也很有趣。他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。虽然他是个天才，但他有时会忘记一些事情，比如他朋友的生日。尽管他性格古怪，但他深受朋友和邻居的喜爱。甚至还有一个故事，讲的是他如何帮助一个敲他的门并请求他帮她做家庭作业的小女孩。事实上，爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人，他们会拦住他，请他帮忙解释一些事情。经过多次这样的场合后，他终于开口说：“对不起！对不起！我总是被误认为是爱因斯坦教授！”
1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为这位伟大科学家的逝世而哀悼。
Period 5
课文理解
Task 1 整体理解
Ⅰ．B
Ⅱ．1．physics 2．learning 3．achievements 4．Europe
5．characters 6．loss
Task 2 细节理解
1－4 CDBD
Task 3 多维探究
略
课文精粹
Ⅰ．1．①n．人物 ②v．认为 ③n．数字 ④n．人影
2．①失败；未能(做到) ②(指健康)衰退 ③出故障；失灵 ④使失望；有负于
3．①离任 ②停止；戒掉 ③离开
4．n．流畅
Ⅱ．1．make numerous contributions to the world 2．due to his low scores 3．a courageous and kind figure 4．obtain exceptional scores 5．out of a strong passion for 6．take up a position as a researcher 7．make great achievements in physics 8．be seen as a slightly odd-looking man 9．ask for help
Ⅲ．1．not only；loved by 2．managed to pass the exam；entering university 3．While working；earning a doctorate
4．was awarded 5．continued to make great achievements in 6．kind and funny man
Ⅳ．1．分析：宾语；非限制性定语；状语
翻译：他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
2．分析：宾语；定语
翻译：甚至还有一个故事，讲的是他如何帮助一个敲他的门并请求他帮她做家庭作业的小女孩。
3．分析：时间；形式主语
翻译：1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为这位伟大科学家的逝世而哀悼。
Ⅴ．1．is considered 2．smartest 3．contributions 4．On
5．to enter 6．published 7．did 8．because 9．And 10．away
核心词汇
1．①concluded (drew/came to/arrived at a conclusion)；that ②In conclusion/To conclude
2．①passionate ②about ③have a great passion for
3．①In ②circumstances ③under no circumstances would I commit
4．①powerful ②Since he came to power ③have the power to
5．①consequently ②consequence ③as a consequence/ consequently
6．①开始从事 ②占用 ③拿起 ④took down；take；in
⑤took over；took on
要点拾遗
1．founded an organization 2．A gentle smile 3．gradually darkened 4．encountered a number of difficulties 5．be a remarkable man
句法句式
1．①finished ②to be held ③having done ④being ⑤The floor wet and slippery ⑥a smile on her face
2．①handled ②knowing ③while (he was) cleaning the window ④while exploring
2 / 15(共68张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新” 打通应考之“脉”
UNIT 1
PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
主题语境 人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物
Period 5 课时练案 课文整体教学(Using Language)
Ⅰ．文章大意
What's the main idea of the passage
A．Achievements of a famous scientist．
B．A great scientist—Albert Einstein．
C．The great findings of Albert Einstein．
D．The education of Albert Einstein．
√
Ⅱ．篇章结构
1．Which of the following has the similar meaning to the word “numerous” in paragraph 1
A．Very small． B．Rather outstanding．
C．Amounts of． D．Splendid．
√
2．Why was Einstein awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize
A．He was recorded to be a miracle then．
B．He had four physics papers published．
C．He became just as famous as Newton．
D．He explained the photoelectric effect．
3．Why did Einstein have to flee Germany
A．He wanted to go to the USA．
B．Hitler came into power．
C．He took up a job in Princeton．
D．To make achievements in physics．
√
√
4．What can be indicated from the sentence “Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein！”？
A．Many people mistook him for Einstein．
B．He regretted explaining things to others．
C．He was seen as a slightly odd-looking man．
D．He was too modest and didn't want fame．
√
[答案] 略
1．What do you think of Einstein
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2．After reading the passage，what can you learn from Albert Einstein
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Ⅰ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．figure v．认为，认定；计算 n．数字；图；人物；体形；塑像；人影
①(教材原句)Einstein was not only a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people． ________
②I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs． ________
n．人物
v．认为
③Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993． ________
④Glancing round，he caught sight of a dark figure in the shadows． ________
n．数字
n．人影
2．fail v．失败；未能(做到)；不及格；出故障；失灵；(指健康)衰退；使失望；有负于
①(教材原句)When he was 16，he tried to enter university in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores... _______________
②His last months in office were affected by failing health． __________
③The brakes on my bike failed halfway down the hill． _____________
④When he lost his job，he felt he had failed his family．
______________
失败；未能(做到)
(指健康)衰退
出故障；失灵
使失望；有负于
3．quit v．离任；停止；戒掉；离开
①(教材原句)After four years，he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university． _____
②A nicotine spray can help smokers quit the habit without putting on weight． __________
③Police were called when he refused to quit the building． _____
离任
停止；戒掉
离开
4．His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves． _________
n．流畅
Ⅱ．词块积累
1．___________________________________________
为世界作出了许多贡献
2．_______________________ 由于他的分数低
3．______________________________ 一个勇敢而善良的人
4．___________________________ 取得优异的成绩
5．_____________________________ 出于对……的强烈热爱
make numerous contributions to the world
due to his low scores
a courageous and kind figure
obtain exceptional scores
out of a strong passion for
6．____________________________________
从事研究员一职
7．____________________________________
在物理方面取得巨大的成就
8．_______________________________________
被认为是一个外表有点古怪的人
9．______________ 寻求帮助
take up a position as a researcher
make great achievements in physics
be seen as a slightly odd-looking man
ask for help
Ⅲ．写作佳句
1．Einstein was __________ a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure __________ many people．
爱因斯坦不仅是个天才，还是一个勇敢而且善良的人，受到许多人的喜爱。
2．After studying for another year，he __________________________，_____________________ in 1896 and graduating in 1900．
又经过一年的学习，他成功通过了考试。1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。
not only
loved by
managed to pass the exam
entering university
3．_______________ there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，_____________________ in physics in 1905．
在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
4．In 1922，he _____________ the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect．
1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。
5．Following that，he ________________________________________ physics and mathematics．
此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得巨大成就。
While working
earning a doctorate
was awarded
continued to make great achievements in
6．To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but ____________________．
在公众眼中，他看起来有点古怪，但很善良，也很有趣。
kind and funny man
Ⅳ．长难语句
1．He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock．
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。and连接两个并列成分，作had的____；which引导____________从句，修饰hair；as though引导____从句。
[翻译] ___________________________________________________
宾语
非限制性定语
状语
他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
2．There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework．
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。how引导____从句，作介词about的宾语；who引导____从句，修饰a little girl；and连接两个并列的谓语。
[翻译] ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
宾语
定语
甚至还有一个故事，讲的是他如何帮助一个敲他的门并请求他帮她做家庭作业的小女孩。
3．On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist．
[分析] 本句是一个并列句。On 18 April 1955是____状语；and连接两个并列的分句。it是________，真正的主语是that从句。
[翻译] ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
时间
形式主语
1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为这位伟大科学家的逝世而哀悼。
Ⅴ．课文语法填空
Albert Einstein 1．_______________(consider) a genius，the greatest scientist in modern physics and one of the 2．__________(smart) men．He made numerous 3．_______________ (contribution) to the world．
4．____ 14 March 1879，he was born in Germany．In 1896，he managed 5．__________ (enter) university and graduated in 1900．In 1905，he earned a doctorate in physics and 6．___________(publish) four extraordinary physics papers．Not until 1909 7．_____(do) he enter research full-time at a university．
is considered
smartest
contributions
On
to enter
published
did
And in 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect．Unfortunately，in 1933，he had to flee Germany after Hitler came to power 8．_________ he was Jewish．He took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA．9．_____ continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics．On 18 April 1955，he passed 10．______．
because
And
away
1．(教材原句)Use your discussion to draw conclusions about the meaning of greatness．
*conclusion n．结论；推论(conclude vt．推断出；得出结论)
(1)draw/come to/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论
jump to conclusions 匆忙得出结论
in conclusion 总之
(2)to conclude 总之
即学即练 单句写作
①(读后续写之主旨升华)我从我自己的经历中得出结论：用我们自己的双手工作是很重要的。
I _____________________________________________ from my own experiences ______ it is important to work with our own hands．
②总之，我喜欢春天的一切，尤其是沐浴在雨中和阳光中的感觉。
___________________________，I like everything in spring，especially the feelings of being bathed in the rain and sunshine．
concluded (drew/came to/arrived at a conclusion)
that
In conclusion/To conclude
2．(教材原句)While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905．
*passion n．酷爱；激情(passionate adj．有热情的；狂热的)
(1)have a passion for 酷爱；热爱
(2)be passionate about 对……充满热情的
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①The professor was very knowledgeable and ____________ (passion) about the subject．
②Since he was only a child，Ben had been passionate _______ computer programming．
③(应用文写作之邀请信) 我真诚地邀请你加入俱乐部，因为我知道你对运动有极大的热情。
I sincerely invite you to join the club，because I know you __________________________ sports．
passionate
about
have a great passion for
3．(教材原句)Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany．
*circumstance n．[usually pl．]条件；环境；状况
under/in no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不……
(位于句首时句子要部分倒装)
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此
under/in any circumstance(s) 在任何情况下
[名师点津] 表示“决不”且与under/in no circumstances用法类似的词组还有in no case，at no time，by no means，in no way，on no account，on no condition等。
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①____ any circumstance where light is being absorbed，there is a pressure．
②Unfortunately，due to unforeseen _______________ (circumstance)，this year's show has been cancelled．
③(读后续写之情绪描写)尴尬极了，我提醒自己决不会再犯这样的错误了。
Embarrassed，I reminded myself that ___________________________ _______________ such a mistake again．
In
circumstances
under no circumstances
would I commit
4．(教材原句)Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany．
*come to power(开始)掌权；上台(powerful adj． 强大的；权力大的)
in one's power 在某人的掌控中
beyond one's power 某人力所不能及的
have the power to do sth． 有能力做某事
in power 当权，掌权
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①The media has a __________(power) influence on public opinion．
②自从他掌权以来，这个国家的境况有了巨大的改善。
________________________，the situation in the country has been greatly improved．
③(读后续写之主旨升华)但这一次，他们让我意识到了一件事——言语具有伤害和治愈的力量。
But this time they made me realize something—words _____________ ______ hurt and heal．
powerful
Since he came to power
have the power
to
5．(教材原句)As a consequence，he had to flee Germany．
*consequence n．结果；后果(consequent adj．随之发生的；作为结果的 consequently adv．因此；所以)
in consequence/as a consequence＝as a result
因此；结果
in consequence of/as a consequence of＝as a result of
由于……
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①She was a bright and eager student and，______________ (consequent)，did well in study．
②At present，as a _____________ (consequent) of human activities，many wild animals are endangered．
③(应用文写作之道歉信) 我祖父在医院接受治疗，因此我必须照顾他。
My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and _______________ _________________，I have to take care of him．
consequently
consequence
as a consequence
/consequently
6．(教材原句)After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA．
*take up a position 担任；任职
take up 占用(时间、空间)；占据(位置)；开始从事；
拿起；继续；接受
take off (飞机)起飞；(事业)成功；脱下(衣物)
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take over 接管；接替
take in 欺骗；吸入；理解
take down 记录；记下；拆掉
即学即练 一词多义/单句写作
①When she graduated，she took up journalism． ________
②Writing the paper took up most of the weekend． _____
③He takes up a pen and writes down his name． _____
④这个学生记下这条谚语，并设法理解它。
The student ___________ the proverb and tried to ______ it ____．
⑤他接管公司后，公司呈现出了新面貌。
After he ___________ the company，it _________ a new look．
开始从事
占用
拿起
took down
take
in
took over
took on
词汇 1．found vt．创建；建立；把……建立在 2．gentle adj．温柔的；文静的 3．gradually adv．逐渐地；逐步地 4．encounter vt．偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇 5．remarkable adj．非凡的；显著的
微练 1．他还与这对夫妇成立了一个组织，为更多在日常旅行中遇到困难的人筹集资金。
He _________________________ with the couple to raise money for more people who have difficulties in daily trips．
2．她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。
________________ danced around the corners of her mouth，making us feel at ease．
3．随着天空逐渐变暗，光线也越来越暗，他加快了步伐。
As the sky ____________________ and the light dimmed，he quickened his steps．
founded an organization
A gentle smile
gradually darkened
微练 4．我们在第一周遇到了许多困难。
We ______________________________________ in the first week．
5．伯纳德长大后成为一个了不起的人。他也尽其所能帮助那些有需要的人。
Bernard grew up to _____________________．He also did what he could to help those in need．
encountered a number of difficulties
be a remarkable man
1．(教材原句)He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2．
*独立主格结构
(1)the most well-known being the general theory of...是独立主格结构。
(2)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致。
(3)“名词/代词＋非谓语动词(不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词)/形容词/副词/名词/介词短语”形式的独立主格结构在句中作状语，多用于书面语。
(4)独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
即学即练 单句语法填空/句型转换
①The work __________ (finish)，they left the office and went home．
②The exam ____________ (hold) tomorrow，I couldn't go to the cinema tonight．
③The students _____________ (do) all the exercises，the teacher went on to explain the text．
④So many students _______ (be) absent，the meeting had to be put off．
finished
to be held
having done
being
⑤Because the floor was wet and slippery，we had to stay outside for a while．
→____________________________，we had to stay outside for a while．
⑥(读后续写之情绪描写)The new teacher came in，and a smile was on her face．
→The new teacher came in，_____________________．
The floor wet and slippery
a smile on her face
2．(教材原句)While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905．
*状语从句的省略
(1)句中“While working there”相当于“While he was working there”，省略了“he was”。
(2)状语从句的省略原则：
①在when，while，once，if，unless，although，as等引导的时间、条件、让步和方式状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，为了使句子结构简洁，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。
②若从句的主语为it，谓语动词为be的某种形式时，也可以将it和be动词一起省略。
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals，if not _________ (handle) properly，may lead to spreading diseases．
②Though _________ (know) the truth，he remained silent．
③他擦窗户时把手指割破了。
He had his fingers cut ____________________________________．
handled
knowing
while (he was) cleaning the window
④(读后续写之动作描写)一天放学后，当我探索这座壮丽大山上的绿色树林时，我差点跌倒在台阶上。
One day after school，_________________ the green woods of this magnificent mountain，I almost fell on a set of stairs．
while exploring
①numerous adj．众多的；许多的
②make contributions to...对……作出贡献
③theory n．理论；学说
④relativity n．相对论；相对性
⑤formula n．公式；方程式；配方
⑥not only...(but also...)不但……而且……
⑦genius n．(pl．geniuses) 天才；天资；天赋
⑧courageous adj．有胆量的，勇敢的
⑨figure n．人物，人士
⑩gentle adj．温柔的；文静的
exceptional adj．优异的；杰出的
manage to do sth．成功做成某事
patent n．专利；专利证书；获得专利adj．有专利的；受专利保护的
passion n．酷爱；激情
doctorate n．博士学位
miracle n．奇迹
extraordinary adj．不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
gradually adv．逐渐地；逐步地
photoelectric adj．光电的
circumstance n．[usually pl．]条件；环境；状况
come to power (开始)掌权；上台
academic adj．学业的；学术的
institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗
consequence n．结果；后果
as a consequence 结果，因此
take up a position 担任；任职
institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
slightly adv．轻微地
odd-looking adj．相貌奇特的；外表怪异的
moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭
on end 竖着；直立着
peculiarity n．个性；特点；怪异的性质
encounter vt．偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
be mistaken for... 被误认为……，被误解为……
professor n．教授
pass away 去世
mourn vt．&vi．哀悼；忧伤
brilliant adj．杰出的，才华横溢的
THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR
UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics[1]，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived[2]．He made numerous① contributions to② the world，the most well-known being the general theory③ of relativity④ and the famous formula⑤ E＝mc2[3]．Einstein was not only⑥ a genius⑦；he was a courageous⑧ and kind figure⑨ loved by many people[4]．
[1]who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Albert Einstein。
[2]who ever lived是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词men，who在句中作主语。
[3]the most well-known后省略了contributions，the most well-known(contributions)being...是“名词＋非谓语动词”形式的独立主格结构。
[4]loved by many people是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词figure。
This gentle⑩ genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879．When he was 16，he tried to enter university in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam，despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics．After studying for another year，he managed to pass the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900[5]．
[5]entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900是动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语，表示一种合乎情理的、顺其自然的结果。
After two years of looking for work as a teacher，Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office．While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905．[6] That same year，which was later recorded as a miracle year in science[7]，he published four extraordinary physics papers．Following this[8]，he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton．After four years，he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university．In 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect．
[6]该句是复合句，While working there是省略“he was”的时间状语从句；earning a doctorate in physics in 1905是动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语。
[7]which was later recorded as a miracle year in science是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词year。
[8]Following this是动词-ing形式(短语)作伴随状语。
Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany[9]．Einstein，who was Jewish[10]，found the doors of academic institutions closed[11] to him．As a consequence ，he had to flee Germany．After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA．Following that，he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics．
[9]when Hitler came to power in Germany是when引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1933。
[10]who was Jewish是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Einstein。
[11]found the doors...closed是“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其构成为：find＋宾语＋名词/形容词/介词短语/动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式。
To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man．He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock．[12] Although he was a genius，he sometimes forgot things，like his friends' birthdays．But despite his peculiarities ，he was loved by his friends and neighbours．There is even a story about how he helped a little girl[13] who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework[14]．In fact，Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things[15]．After many such occasions，he finally started saying，“Pardon me！Sorry！Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein！”
[12]本句是复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词hair。as though引导方式状语从句，使用了虚拟语气。
[13]how he helped a little girl是宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。
[14]who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework是定语从句，修饰先行词a little girl。
[15]who would stop him and ask him to help explain things是定语从句，修饰先行词people。
On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away [16] ，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist．
[16]在it was reported that Einstein had passed away中，it作形式主语，that Einstein had passed away是主语从句，作真正的主语。
改变我们对宇宙认知的人
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，这位或许是现代物理学领域最伟大的科学家，被公认是有史以来最聪明的人之一。他对世界作出了许多贡献，最为知名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E＝mc2。爱因斯坦不仅是个天才，还是一个勇敢而善良的人，受到许多人的喜爱。
这位温和的天才于1879年3月14日出生于德国。16岁时，他曾试图去瑞士上大学，尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于入学考试的综合部分分数较低，他没有被录取。又经过一年的学习，他成功通过了考试。1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。
在找了两年的教师工作后，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局找到了一份职员的工作。在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。同年，他发表了四篇非凡的物理学论文，这一年后来被认为是在科学方面的奇迹之年。此后，他逐渐成为举世闻名的“新艾萨克·牛顿”。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入一所大学做全职研究。1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。
1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。因此，他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲待了一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院找到了一份研究员的工作。此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得巨大成就。
在公众眼中，他看起来有点古怪，但很善良，也很有趣。他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。虽然他是个天才，但他有时会忘记一些事情，比如他朋友的生日。尽管他性格古怪，但他深受朋友和邻居的喜爱。甚至还有一个故事，讲的是他如何帮助一个敲他的门并请求他帮她做家庭作业的小女孩。事实上，爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人，他们会拦住他，请他帮忙解释一些事情。经过多次这样的场合后，他终于开口说：“对不起！对不起！我总是被误认为是爱因斯坦教授！”
1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为这位伟大科学家的逝世而哀悼。
谢 谢！
