Period 5 课文整体教学(Using Language)
Ⅰ．文章大意
What's the main idea of the text
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ．篇章结构
1．Why did many farmers welcome chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers involved in farming
A．They can fight crop disease and increase production．
B．They harm both the land and people's health．
C．They can help produce rich soil．
D．They are not expensive．
2．What concerns many people about the use of pesticides
A．Pesticides can damage the land．
B．Chemicals can stay in the soil for a long time．
C．Pesticides can kill harmful bacteria and insects．
D．Chemicals may make people ill and even cause cancer．
3．Why do organic farmers change the kind of crop grown in each field every year
A．It can help put important minerals back into the ground．
B．It can avoid damage to the environment．
C．It can help increase output．
D．The writer doesn't tell us．
4．What is the author's purpose of writing the text
A．To call on farmers to turn to organic farming．
B．To introduce some good ways to make the soil rich．
C．To urge the government to stop using pesticides．
D．To give some advice on how to increase the output of crops．
1．Is the author of the text for or against organic farming？How do you know
2．What other disadvantages of chemical farming did the author not list
3．Can you think of other disadvantages of organic farming
Ⅰ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．digest vt．& vi．消化 vt．领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘
①(教材原句)...the animals and humans who digest them． _________
②I have digested most of the important points in the book． _________
③I considered myself a member of Reader's Digest at the age of six．_________
2．root n．根；根茎；根部；根源
①(教材原句)For example，peanuts grow on the ground's surface，but many other vegetables put down deep roots． _________
②Some roots do another job besides feeding their plants． _________
③Money，or the love of money，is said to be the root of all evil． _________
3．The Amazonians love jambo leaves，which they use to flavour stews and soups． _________
Ⅱ．词块积累
1．__________________ 广泛使用
2．__________________ 对人类和环境造成损害
3．__________________ 至于化肥
4．__________________ 富含营养
5．__________________ 必需的矿物质
6．__________________ 作为一种选择
7．__________________ 转向有机农业
8．__________________ 注重保持土壤的肥沃
9．__________________ 免受病害
10．__________________ 扎根很深
11．__________________ 避免对环境造成破坏
Ⅲ．写作佳句
1．Over time，however，____________________ is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health．
然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。
2．Therefore，there is still a long way __________________ that puts sufficient food on the dinner table _________________ people and the environment as healthy as possible．
因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时保持人们和环境尽可能地健康仍然有很长的路要走。
3．For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing _______________________ harmful bacteria and insects，___________________________ helpful ones．
例如，农药不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。
Ⅳ．长难语句
1．Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops．
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。Why different crops are grown是主语从句。is后面是that引导的_________从句，动词-ing形式短语作_________状语。
[翻译] _____________________________________________________________
2．What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world．
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。What keeps them from doing so是what引导的_________从句。fact后是由that引导的_________ 从句。
[翻译] _____________________________________________________________
Ⅴ．课文语法填空
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers 1．_________ (be) in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century．Over time，however，2．_________ some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land 3．_________ people's health．For example，pesticides can damage the land by 4．_________ (kill) not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones．As 5．_________ alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming．Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free 6．_________ disease through natural means．Organic farmers also use many other methods 7．_________ (produce)rich soil．The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food．Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 8．_________(entire)．But there is still a long way to find a 9．_________ (suit) solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while 10．_________ (keep) people and the environment as healthy as possible．
1．(教材原句)It is celebrated in more than 150 countries，raising awareness and knowledge of the problems and causes behind world hunger and povery．
*poverty n．贫穷；贫困(poor adj．贫穷的；贫困的)
in poverty 处于贫穷之中
a poverty of 缺乏
below/above the poverty line 在贫困线之下/之上
单句语法填空/单句写作
①He was rich，but is now reduced to _________(poor)．
②The poor man _________ poverty sleeps on the floor at the doorway．
③三分之一的人口生活在贫困线或以下。
A third of the population is living at or _________________________________．
2．(教材原句)This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them．
*in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
by turns 轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth． 轮流做某事
it is one's turn to do sth． 轮到某人做某事
turn down 调低；拒绝
单句语法填空/单句写作
①When it was my turn _________ (give) a speech，I was too excited to speak．
②When my mother was ill，my brothers took turns _________ (take) care of her．
③(应用文写作之建议信)一方面，它不仅有助于强身健体，而且还反过来帮助我们更有效地学习。
For one thing，not only does it help to build up our health，_________________________________．
3．(教材原句)They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well．
*essential adj．完全必要的；极其重要的
(1)be essential to... 对……是不可缺少的
(2)it is essential for sb．to do sth． 对某人来说做某事是必要的
it is essential that...(should) do sth． 做某事是必不可少的
单句语法填空/单句写作
①It is essential that these application forms _________ (send) back as early as possible．
②It is essential for technology companies _________ (strengthen) competitive power．
③(应用文写作之建议信)饮食多样化并保持饮食均衡是必要的。
_________________________________ your diet is varied and balanced．
4．(教材原句)As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery．
*alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj．可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv．要不然；或者)
have no alternative but to do sth． 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth． 有做某事的选择，可以做某事
there's no alternative...but to do sth． ……别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to... ……的替代品
单句语法填空/单句写作
①I had no alternative but _________(accept)the offer．
②If you don't like the school lunch，you have the alternative of _________(bring) your own．
③We could walk or _________(alternative)we could go in Ted's car．
④(应用文写作之道歉信)我只能谢绝你的邀请，因为我在忙于准备期末考试。
Occupied in preparing for my final exam，I _________________________________．
5．(教材原句)Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich．
*depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
in depth 全面；深入；详细
from the depth of the mind 从心底里；真心地
at a depth of... 在……的深度
in the depths of... 在……深处
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Plant the beans _________ a depth of about six inches．
②This is a new subject and needs to be explored _________ depth．
③When her son got injured and disabled in the accident，she was in _________ depths of despair．
④不能期望较年轻的学生有深刻的理解能力。
Younger students cannot be expected _________________________________．
词汇 1．flavour n．味道；特点；特色 2．digest vt．& vi．消化 vt．领会；领悟n．摘要；文摘 3．root n．根；根茎；根部；根源 4．aspect n．方面；层面
微练 1．(读后续写之场景描写)As I stood in the kitchen，_________ of tomato sauce，I realized the importance of allowing life to surprise us． 当我站在厨房里，被番茄酱香味包围时，我意识到让生活给我们惊喜的重要性。 2．(应用文写作之环境保护)If the sea animals eat them by mistake，the rubbish will be _________ and stay in their stomachs forever． 如果海洋动物误吃了它们，垃圾将难以消化并永远留在他们的肚子里。 3．(读后续写之主旨升华)With this experience _________，I come to realize that everyone has his own flash point． 随着这段经历根植于我的脑海中，我逐渐认识到，每个人都有他自己的闪光点。 4．(应用文写作之求助信)I am writing to ask for your valuable advice on which _________ are extremely appealing to foreign friends． 我写信是想就此文化的哪些方面对外国朋友极具吸引力这一问题征求您的宝贵意见。
1．(教材原句)For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones．
*not only...but also...句型
(1)句中not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”用作并列连词，相当于“not just...but also...”。
(2)该结构常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其中also可以省略。
(3)“not only...but also...”连接主语时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则；当not only位于句首连接两个句子时，第一个分句要用部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装。
单句语法填空/句型转换
①She not only _________ (write) the text but also selected the illustrations．
②Not only my friend but also I _________ (be) present at the conference yesterday．
③(应用文写作之活动介绍)The activity not only can enhance our English level，but it can also broaden our horizons．
→___________________________， but it can also broaden our horizons．(倒装句)
2．(教材原句)Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops．
*动词-ing形式短语作结果状语
(1)本句中making it...为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语，表示前面的情况所造成的结果。
(2)动词-ing形式短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果。
(3)动词不定式也可作结果状语，但它通常表示一种“偶然的，出人意料的”结果，有时为了强调这种意外的结果，可在不定式前面加only，意为“(结果)却……；只(只是)……”。
单句语法填空/单句写作
①More highways have been built，_________ (make) it more convenient for people to travel around China．
②He hurried to the airport，only _________ (tell) that the plane had taken off．
③他匆匆赶到售票处，却被告知所有的票都卖完了。
He hurried to the booking office，_________．
④(读后续写之情绪描写)我觉得每个人都在盯着我看，让我很紧张。
I felt like everyone was staring at me，_________________________________．
①chemical adj．与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品
②organic adj．有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
③pesticide n．杀虫剂；除害药物
④widespread adj．分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
⑤over time随着时间的推移
⑥bacterium n．(pl．-ria)细菌
⑦not only...but also...不仅……而且……
⑧in addition另外，此外
in addition to除……之外(还有，也)
⑨in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
⑩digest vt．& vi．消化 vt．领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘
DDT n．滴滴涕(旧时尤用作农业杀虫剂)
as for至于，关于
too...to...太……而不能……
nutrition n．营养；滋养
essential adj．完全必要的；极其重要的
be essential to/for 对……来说必不可少
mineral n．矿物；矿物质
flavour (NAmE -vor) n．味道；特点；特色
as well也，又，同样
alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj．可供替代的；非传统的
switch to 转变；转向
switch off(用开关)关掉；切断(电源)
turn to 转向；求助于
grocery n．食品杂货店；[pl．]食品杂货
focus on 关注，聚焦
free of 无……的；摆脱了……的
means n．手段；方法
instance n．例子；实例；事例
for instance例如；比如
wheat n．小麦；小麦籽
batch n．一批；一组 vt．分批处理
a batch of一批
diverse adj．不同的；多种多样的
depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
root n．根；根茎；根部；根源
entirely adv．全部地；完整地；完全地
entire adj．全部的；整个的；完全的
serve the demand满足需求
nowhere near完全没有；远不及
meet the need满足要求
sufficient adj．足够的；充分的
CHEMICAL① VERSUS ORGANIC② FARMING
Chemical pesticides③ and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread④ use in farming since the middle of the 20th century．When they were first introduced，many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production．Over time⑤，however，what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health[1]．
[1]what some scientists have found是主语从句，what是引导词，what意为“……的事情”；that their long-term... people's health是表语从句，其中that是引导词，在句中不作成分，没有词义。
For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria⑥ and insects，but also⑦ helpful ones．In addition⑧，these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time．This affects the crops grown on the land[2] and，in turn⑨，the animals and humans who digest⑩ them[3]．Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer．In fact，some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment[4]．As for chemical fertilisers，crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition ．They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals ，and they often have less flavour as well ．
[2]此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动意义，相当于定语从句that are grown on the land。
[3]此处是定语从句，先行词是the animals and humans，引导词who在定语从句中作主语。
[4]此处是定语从句，先行词是the damage，引导词是that或which；引导词在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。
As an alternative ，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery ．Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals．Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means ．For example，many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser．This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals．It also keeps the air，soil，water，and crops free of chemicals．
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil．They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year．For instance ，they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year，and then grow beans there the next．Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops．[5] Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich[6]．For example，peanuts grow on the ground's surface，but many other vegetables put down deep roots ．The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health．[7]
[5]Why different crops are grown是why引导的主语从句，why在主语从句中作状语。句中that they put important minerals back into the ground是表语从句，引导词是that，句中的making it ready for the next batch of crops是动词-ing形式短语在句中作结果状语。
[6]that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich是that引导的定语从句修饰先行词crops，that在从句中作主语，也可用which替换。
[7]句中while avoiding...是省略结构。
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely ．What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world．[8] Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need ．Therefore，there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table[9] while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible．
[8]What keeps them from doing so是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语。句中that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是that引导的同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明，that没有词义，只起连接作用。
[9]that puts sufficient food on the dinner table是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a suitable solution，that在定语从句中作主语。
化学耕作和有机耕作
自20世纪中期以来，化学农药和人工化肥在农业中得到了广泛使用。当它们第一次被引进时，许多农民欢迎它们作为一种对抗作物病害和增加产量的好方法。然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。
例如，农药不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质可以在土壤和地下水源中长期存在。这影响了生长在土地上的作物，进而影响了消化它们的动物和人类。许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至致癌。事实上，像滴滴涕这样的杀虫剂在大多数国家已经被禁止了，因为它们对人类和环境造成了破坏。至于化肥，通常施了化肥的农作物生长得太快，无法提供丰富的营养。它们可能外表看起来很漂亮，但里面的水通常比必需的矿物质多，而且味道也不太好。
作为一种选择，一些农民转向有机农业，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。有机农业就是不使用任何化学物质的简单农业。有机农场主注重通过自然的方式保持土壤的肥沃和免受病害。例如，许多有机农场主使用来自动物的天然粪便作为肥料。这使得他们地里的土壤矿物质更丰富。它还使空气、土壤、水和农作物不受化学物质的污染。
有机农场主也使用许多其他方法来制造肥沃的土壤。他们经常每年改变每一块地的作物种类。例如，他们可能一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦，第二年在那里种豆子。种植不同作物的原因是它们把重要的矿物质释放回地里，让它再次为下一批作物做好准备。有机农场主还种植多种作物，它们利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持肥沃。例如，花生长在地面上，但许多其他蔬菜扎根很深。使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的食物，同时避免对环境或人的健康造成损害。
有些人宁愿完全停止在农业中使用人造化学品。阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。有机耕作完全不能满足那样的需求。因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时保持人们和环境尽可能地健康仍然有很长的路要走。
Period 5
课文理解
Task 1 整体理解
Ⅰ．The text compares chemical farming with organic farming and shows their advantages and disadvantages．
Ⅱ．1．chemical 2．organic 3．rich soil
Task 2 细节理解
1－4 ADAA
Task 3 多维探究
略
课文精粹
Ⅰ．1．①vt．消化 ②vt．领会；领悟 ③n．摘要；文摘
2．①根 ②根茎 ③根源
3．vt．给……调味
Ⅱ．1．in widespread use 2．cause damage to people and the environment 3．as for chemical fertilisers 4．be rich in nutrition 5．essential minerals 6．as an alternative 7．switch to organic farming 8．focus on keeping their soil rich 9．free of disease 10．put down deep roots 11．avoid damage to the environment
Ⅲ．1．what some scientists have found 2．to find a suitable solution；while keeping 3．not only；but also
Ⅳ．1．分析：主语；表语；结果
翻译： 种植不同作物的原因是它们把重要的矿物质释放回地里，让它再次为下一批作物做好准备。
2．分析：主语；同位语
翻译：阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。有机耕作完全不能满足那样的需求。
Ⅴ．1．have been 2．what 3．and 4．killing 5．an 6．of/from 7．to produce 8．entirely 9．suitable 10．keeping
核心词汇
1．①poverty ②in ③below the poverty line
2．①to give ②to take ③but it also helps us to learn more effectively in turn
3．①(should) be sent ②to strengthen ③It is essential that
4．①to accept ②bringing ③alternatively ④have no alternative but to decline your invitation
5．①at ②in ③the ④to have great depth of understanding
要点拾遗
1．surrounded by the rich flavour 2．hard to digest 3．rooted in my mind 4．aspects of the culture
句法句式
1．①wrote ②was ③Not only can the activity enhance our English level
2．①making ②to be told ③only to be told that all the tickets were sold out ④making me extremely nervous
9/13(共61张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新” 打通应考之“脉”
UNIT 5
WORKING THE LAND
主题语境 人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物
Period 5 课时练案 课文整体教学(Using Language)
Ⅰ．文章大意
What's the main idea of the text
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The text compares chemical farming with organic farming and shows their advantages and disadvantages．
Ⅱ．篇章结构
chemical
organic
rich soil
1．Why did many farmers welcome chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers involved in farming
A．They can fight crop disease and increase production．
B．They harm both the land and people's health．
C．They can help produce rich soil．
D．They are not expensive．
√
2．What concerns many people about the use of pesticides
A．Pesticides can damage the land．
B．Chemicals can stay in the soil for a long time．
C．Pesticides can kill harmful bacteria and insects．
D．Chemicals may make people ill and even cause cancer．
√
3．Why do organic farmers change the kind of crop grown in each field every year
A．It can help put important minerals back into the ground．
B．It can avoid damage to the environment．
C．It can help increase output．
D．The writer doesn't tell us．
√
4．What is the author's purpose of writing the text
A．To call on farmers to turn to organic farming．
B．To introduce some good ways to make the soil rich．
C．To urge the government to stop using pesticides．
D．To give some advice on how to increase the output of crops．
√
1．Is the author of the text for or against organic farming？How do you know
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2．What other disadvantages of chemical farming did the author not list
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3．Can you think of other disadvantages of organic farming
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[答案] 略
Ⅰ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．digest vt．& vi．消化 vt．领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘
①(教材原句)...the animals and humans who digest them． ________
②I have digested most of the important points in the book．
______________
③I considered myself a member of Reader's Digest at the age of six． _____________
vt．消化
vt．领会；领悟
n．摘要；文摘
2．root n．根；根茎；根部；根源
①(教材原句)For example，peanuts grow on the ground's surface，but many other vegetables put down deep roots． __
②Some roots do another job besides feeding their plants． ____
③Money，or the love of money，is said to be the root of all evil． ____
3．The Amazonians love jambo leaves，which they use to flavour stews and soups． ______________
根
根茎
根源
vt．给……调味
Ⅱ．词块积累
1．________________ 广泛使用
2．______________________________________
对人类和环境造成损害
3．_________________________ 至于化肥
4．_________________ 富含营养
5．__________________ 必需的矿物质
6．_______________ 作为一种选择
in widespread use
cause damage to people and the environment
as for chemical fertilisers
be rich in nutrition
essential minerals
as an alternative
7．________________________ 转向有机农业
8．___________________________ 注重保持土壤的肥沃
9．_____________ 免受病害
10．_________________ 扎根很深
11．_____________________________ 避免对环境造成破坏
switch to organic farming
focus on keeping their soil rich
free of disease
put down deep roots
avoid damage to the environment
Ⅲ．写作佳句
1．Over time，however，_____________________________ is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health．
然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。
what some scientists have found
2．Therefore，there is still a long way _______________________ that puts sufficient food on the dinner table _____________ people and the environment as healthy as possible．
因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时保持人们和环境尽可能地健康仍然有很长的路要走。
3．For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing _______ harmful bacteria and insects，_______ helpful ones．
例如，农药不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。
to find a suitable solution
while keeping
not only
but also
Ⅳ．长难语句
1．Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops．
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。Why different crops are grown是____从句。is后面是that引导的____从句，动词-ing形式短语作____状语。
[翻译] ___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
主语
表语
结果
种植不同作物的原因是它们把重要的矿物质释放回地里，让它再次为下一批作物做好准备。
2．What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world．
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。What keeps them from doing so是what引导的____从句。fact后是由that引导的______ 从句。
[翻译] ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
主语
同位语
阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。有机耕作完全不能满足那样的需求。
Ⅴ．课文语法填空
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers 1．________ (be) in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century．Over time，however，2．_____ some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land 3．___ people's health．For example，pesticides can damage the land by 4．_______ (kill) not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones．As 5．__ alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming．Organic
have been
what
and
killing
an
farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free 6．_________ disease through natural means．Organic farmers also use many other methods 7．_________ (produce)rich soil．The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food．Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 8．_______(entire)．
But there is still a long way to find a 9．________ (suit) solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while 10．_______ (keep) people and the environment as healthy as possible．
of/from
to produce
entirely
suitable
keeping
1．(教材原句)It is celebrated in more than 150 countries，raising awareness and knowledge of the problems and causes behind world hunger and povery．
*poverty n．贫穷；贫困(poor adj．贫穷的；贫困的)
in poverty 处于贫穷之中
a poverty of 缺乏
below/above the poverty line 在贫困线之下/之上
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①He was rich，but is now reduced to _______(poor)．
②The poor man __ poverty sleeps on the floor at the doorway．
③三分之一的人口生活在贫困线或以下。
A third of the population is living at or ____________________．
poverty
in
below the poverty line
2．(教材原句)This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them．
*in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
by turns 轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth． 轮流做某事
it is one's turn to do sth． 轮到某人做某事
turn down 调低；拒绝
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①When it was my turn ______ (give) a speech，I was too excited to speak．
②When my mother was ill，my brothers took turns ______ (take) care of her．
③(应用文写作之建议信)一方面，它不仅有助于强身健体，而且还反过来帮助我们更有效地学习。
For one thing，not only does it help to build up our health，_________
________________________________________．
to give
to take
but it
also helps us to learn more effectively in turn
3．(教材原句)They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well．
*essential adj．完全必要的；极其重要的
(1)be essential to... 对……是不可缺少的
(2)it is essential for sb．to do sth． 对某人来说做某事是必要的
it is essential that...(should) do sth． 做某事是必不可少的
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①It is essential that these application forms ________________ (send) back as early as possible．
②It is essential for technology companies ____________ (strengthen) competitive power．
③(应用文写作之建议信)饮食多样化并保持饮食均衡是必要的。
__________________ your diet is varied and balanced．
(should) be sent
to strengthen
It is essential that
4．(教材原句)As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery．
*alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj．可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv．要不然；或者)
have no alternative but to do sth． 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth． 有做某事的选择，可以做某事
there's no alternative...but to do sth． ……别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to... ……的替代品
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①I had no alternative but ________(accept)the offer．
②If you don't like the school lunch，you have the alternative of ________(bring) your own．
③We could walk or _____________(alternative)we could go in Ted's car．
④(应用文写作之道歉信)我只能谢绝你的邀请，因为我在忙于准备期末考试。
Occupied in preparing for my final exam，I ______________________
_____________________．
to accept
bringing
alternatively
have no alternative but to
decline your invitation
5．(教材原句)Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich．
*depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
in depth 全面；深入；详细
from the depth of the mind 从心底里；真心地
at a depth of... 在……的深度
in the depths of... 在……深处
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Plant the beans __ a depth of about six inches．
②This is a new subject and needs to be explored __ depth．
③When her son got injured and disabled in the accident，she was in ___ depths of despair．
④不能期望较年轻的学生有深刻的理解能力。
Younger students cannot be expected _____________________________．
at
in
the
to have great depth of understanding
词汇 1．flavour n．味道；特点；特色 2．digest vt．& vi．消化 vt．领会；领悟n．摘要；文摘 3．root n．根；根茎；根部；根源 4．aspect n．方面；层面
微练 1．(读后续写之场景描写)As I stood in the kitchen，__________________________ of tomato sauce，I realized the importance of allowing life to surprise us．
当我站在厨房里，被番茄酱香味包围时，我意识到让生活给我们惊喜的重要性。
2．(应用文写作之环境保护)If the sea animals eat them by mistake，the rubbish will be ____________ and stay in their stomachs forever．
如果海洋动物误吃了它们，垃圾将难以消化并永远留在他们的肚子里。
surrounded by the rich flavour
hard to digest
微练 3．(读后续写之主旨升华)With this experience ________________，I come to realize that everyone has his own flash point．
随着这段经历根植于我的脑海中，我逐渐认识到，每个人都有他自己的闪光点。
4．(应用文写作之求助信)I am writing to ask for your valuable advice on which ___________________ are extremely appealing to foreign friends．
我写信是想就此文化的哪些方面对外国朋友极具吸引力这一问题征求您的宝贵意见。
rooted in my mind
aspects of the culture
1．(教材原句)For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones．
*not only...but also...句型
(1)句中not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”用作并列连词，相当于“not just...but also...”。
(2)该结构常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其中also可以省略。
(3)“not only...but also...”连接主语时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则；当not only位于句首连接两个句子时，第一个分句要用部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装。
即学即练 单句语法填空/句型转换
①She not only ______ (write) the text but also selected the illustrations．
②Not only my friend but also I ____ (be) present at the conference yesterday．
③(应用文写作之活动介绍)The activity not only can enhance our English level，but it can also broaden our horizons．
→_____________________________________________， but it can also broaden our horizons．(倒装句)
wrote
was
Not only can the activity enhance our English level
2．(教材原句)Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops．
*动词-ing形式短语作结果状语
(1)本句中making it...为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语，表示前面的情况所造成的结果。
(2)动词-ing形式短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果。
(3)动词不定式也可作结果状语，但它通常表示一种“偶然的，出人意料的”结果，有时为了强调这种意外的结果，可在不定式前面加only，意为“(结果)却……；只(只是)……”。
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①More highways have been built，_______ (make) it more convenient for people to travel around China．
②He hurried to the airport，only ________ (tell) that the plane had taken off．
③他匆匆赶到售票处，却被告知所有的票都卖完了。
He hurried to the booking office，___________________________________
________________．
④(读后续写之情绪描写)我觉得每个人都在盯着我看，让我很紧张。
I felt like everyone was staring at me，___________________________．
making
to be told
only to be told that all the tickets were
making me extremely nervous
sold out
①chemical adj．与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品
②organic adj．有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
③pesticide n．杀虫剂；除害药物
④widespread adj．分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
⑤over time随着时间的推移
⑥bacterium n．(pl．-ria)细菌
⑦not only...but also...不仅……而且……
⑧in addition另外，此外
in addition to除……之外(还有，也)
⑨in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
⑩digest vt．& vi．消化 vt．领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘
DDT n．滴滴涕(旧时尤用作农业杀虫剂)
as for至于，关于
too...to...太……而不能……
nutrition n．营养；滋养
essential adj．完全必要的；极其重要的
be essential to/for 对……来说必不可少
mineral n．矿物；矿物质
flavour (NAmE -vor) n．味道；特点；特色
as well也，又，同样
alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj．可供替代的；非传统的
switch to 转变；转向
switch off(用开关)关掉；切断(电源)
turn to 转向；求助于
grocery n．食品杂货店；[pl．]食品杂货
focus on 关注，聚焦
free of 无……的；摆脱了……的
means n．手段；方法
instance n．例子；实例；事例
for instance例如；比如
wheat n．小麦；小麦籽
batch n．一批；一组 vt．分批处理
a batch of一批
diverse adj．不同的；多种多样的
depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
root n．根；根茎；根部；根源
entirely adv．全部地；完整地；完全地
entire adj．全部的；整个的；完全的
serve the demand满足需求
nowhere near完全没有；远不及
meet the need满足要求
sufficient adj．足够的；充分的
CHEMICAL① VERSUS ORGANIC② FARMING
Chemical pesticides③ and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread④ use in farming since the middle of the 20th century．
When they were first introduced，many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production．Over time⑤，however，what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health[1]．
[1]what some scientists have found是主语从句，what是引导词，what意为“……的事情”；that their long-term... people's health是表语从句，其中that是引导词，在句中不作成分，没有词义。
For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria⑥ and insects，but also⑦ helpful ones．In addition⑧，these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time．This affects the crops grown on the land[2] and，in turn⑨，the animals and humans who digest⑩ them[3]．Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer．In fact，some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the
damage they cause to people and the environment[4]．As for chemical fertilisers，crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition ．They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals ，and they often have less flavour as well ．
[2]此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动意义，相当于定语从句that are grown on the land。
[3]此处是定语从句，先行词是the animals and humans，引导词who在定语从句中作主语。
[4]此处是定语从句，先行词是the damage，引导词是that或which；引导词在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。
As an alternative ，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery ．Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals．Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means ．For example，many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser．This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals．It also keeps the air，soil，water，and crops free of chemicals．
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil．They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year．For instance ，they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year，and then grow beans there the next．Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops．[5] Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich[6]．For example，peanuts grow on the ground's surface，but many other vegetables put down deep roots ．The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health．[7]
[5]Why different crops are grown是why引导的主语从句，why在主语从句中作状语。句中that they put important minerals back into the ground是表语从句，引导词是that，句中的making it ready for the next batch of crops是动词-ing形式短语在句中作结果状语。
[6]that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich是that引导的定语从句修饰先行词crops，that在从句中作主语，也可用which替换。
[7]句中while avoiding...是省略结构。
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely ．What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world．[8] Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need ．Therefore，there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table[9] while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible．
[8]What keeps them from doing so是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语。句中that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是that引导的同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明，that没有词义，只起连接作用。
[9]that puts sufficient food on the dinner table是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a suitable solution，that在定语从句中作主语。
化学耕作和有机耕作
自20世纪中期以来，化学农药和人工化肥在农业中得到了广泛使用。当它们第一次被引进时，许多农民欢迎它们作为一种对抗作物病害和增加产量的好方法。然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。
例如，农药不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质可以在土壤和地下水源中长期存在。这影响了生长在土地上的作物，进而影响了消化它们的动物和人类。许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至致癌。事实上，像滴滴涕这样的杀虫剂在大多数国家已经被禁止了，因为它们对人类和环境造成了破坏。至于化肥，通常施了化肥的农作物生长得太快，无法提供丰富的营养。它们可能外表看起来很漂亮，但里面的水通常比必需的矿物质多，而且味道也不太好。
作为一种选择，一些农民转向有机农业，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。有机农业就是不使用任何化学物质的简单农业。有机农场主注重通过自然的方式保持土壤的肥沃和免受病害。例如，许多有机农场主使用来自动物的天然粪便作为肥料。这使得他们地里的土壤矿物质更丰富。它还使空气、土壤、水和农作物不受化学物质的污染。
有机农场主也使用许多其他方法来制造肥沃的土壤。他们经常每年改变每一块地的作物种类。例如，他们可能一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦，第二年在那里种豆子。种植不同作物的原因是它们把重要的矿物质释放回地里，让它再次为下一批作物做好准备。有机农场主还种植多种作物，它们利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持肥沃。例如，花生长在地面上，但许多其他蔬菜扎根很深。使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的食物，同时避免对环境或人的健康造成损害。
有些人宁愿完全停止在农业中使用人造化学品。阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。有机耕作完全不能满足那样的需求。因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时保持人们和环境尽可能地健康仍然有很长的路要走。
谢 谢！
