Period 4 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)
动词-ing形式作宾语和表语
美文诵读 语法体悟
I had been looking forward to ①being a biologist． I preferred ②observing little animals and insects to playing with others．I found it was ③interesting to see these cute creatures．Therefore，I determined on ④majoring in biology in college．After ⑤graduating from a famous university，my job was ⑥studying wildlife．I devoted myself to ⑦doing research and protecting wildlife．This meant my ⑧being exposed to various animals in the wild，which could be dangerous sometimes．However，I enjoyed ⑨staying with them and never gave up ⑩doing my research． ①是动词-ing形式作look forward to的宾语； ②是动词-ing形式作prefer的宾语； ③是动词-ing形式作表语； ④是动词-ing形式作determine on的宾语； ⑤是动词-ing形式作宾语； ⑥是动词-ing形式作表语； ⑦是动词-ing形式作宾语，devote oneself to“某人致力于”，to为介词； ⑧是动词-ing形式的被动语态，此处作宾语； ⑨是动词-ing形式作enjoy的宾语； ⑩是动词-ing形式作give up的宾语。
一、动词-ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest，finish，practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(like/enjoy，imagine，can't help)
承认否定与忌妒(admit，deny，envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，don't mind)
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗户吗？
I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio．
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
He tried to avoid answering my questions．
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
He got well-prepared for the interview，for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity．
他为面试做了充分的准备，因为他不能冒险失去这个好机会。
2．作动词短语的宾语
常见的跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on，object to，be good at，be fond of，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get/be used to，pay attention to，be worth等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way．
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I have been looking forward to hearing from you．
我一直盼望着收到你的来信。
[名师点津]
1．在有些动词的后面，如start，begin，continue等，既可接动词-ing形式也可接动词不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened．
他们继续工作，好像什么也没发生过。
2．在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用动词不定式作宾语指具体的动作。
He preferred staying at home when it rained．
下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词-ing形式作宾语，指每逢下雨天都喜欢待在家里。)
I prefer to stay at home this afternoon．
今天下午我宁愿待在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示“今天下午待在家里”这一具体的动作。)
3．有些动词(短语)后跟动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。
动词(短语) 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做……
doing 停止做……
Please remember to give my best regards to your family．
请记着代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time．
我仍记得第一次参观这个博物馆的情景。
4．下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired．
这辆自行车需要修理一下。
单句语法填空
①To avoid ___________ (see) by the teacher，Tony stole into the classroom by the back door．
②Some of the children are shy and they have some difficulty in ______ (make) friends．
③Have you considered ________ (build) a house in the countryside after retirement
④My father suggested _______ (read) more books to prepare for the coming semester．
⑤The bird narrowly escaped ___________ (shoot) by the hunter．
⑥(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in _________ (restore)sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys．
二、动词-ing形式作表语
作表语的动词-ing形式有两个特点：
1．具有形容词的特征，说明主语的性质、特征等。
The work is challenging．
这项工作具有挑战性。
2．表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible．
→Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job．
她的工作是尽可能地使报告厅保持干净。
[名师点津] 动词不定式和过去分词也可作表语，但动词不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；过去分词则表示被动、完成，主语常常是人。
选词填空/单句语法填空
①I found that the book borrowed from the library was very ________ (exciting/excited)．
②The story was so ______ (move) that I kept telling it to my friends over and over．
③What students do at school is ________ (learn) new knowledge．
④The argument which is mentioned by the expert is __________ (convince)．
Period 4
语法精讲
即时训练1
①being seen ②making ③building ④reading ⑤being shot ⑥restoring
即时训练2
①exciting ②moving ③learning ④convincing
1 / 1(共78张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新” 打通应考之“脉”
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)
主题语境 人与社会——跨文化沟通
美文诵读
I had been looking forward to ①being a biologist． I preferred ②observing little animals and insects to playing with others．I found it was ③interesting to see these cute creatures．Therefore，I determined on ④majoring in biology in college．After ⑤graduating from a famous university，my job was ⑥studying wildlife．I devoted myself to ⑦doing research and protecting wildlife．This meant my ⑧being exposed to various animals in the wild，which could be dangerous sometimes．However，I enjoyed ⑨staying with them and never gave up ⑩doing my research．
动词-ing形式作宾语和表语
语法体悟
①是动词-ing形式作look forward to的宾语；
②是动词-ing形式作prefer的宾语；
③是动词-ing形式作表语；
④是动词-ing形式作determine on的宾语；
⑤是动词-ing形式作宾语；
⑥是动词-ing形式作表语；
语法体悟
⑦是动词-ing形式作宾语，devote oneself to“某人致力于”，to为介词；
⑧是动词-ing形式的被动语态，此处作宾语；
⑨是动词-ing形式作enjoy的宾语；
⑩是动词-ing形式作give up的宾语。
一、动词-ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest，finish，practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(like/enjoy，imagine，can't help)
承认否定与忌妒(admit，deny，envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，don't mind)
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗户吗？
I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio．
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
He tried to avoid answering my questions．
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
He got well-prepared for the interview，for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity．
他为面试做了充分的准备，因为他不能冒险失去这个好机会。
2．作动词短语的宾语
常见的跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on，object to，be good at，be fond of，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get/be used to，pay attention to，be worth等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way．
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I have been looking forward to hearing from you．
我一直盼望着收到你的来信。
[名师点津]
1．在有些动词的后面，如start，begin，continue等，既可接动词-ing形式也可接动词不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened．
他们继续工作，好像什么也没发生过。
2．在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用动词不定式作宾语指具体的动作。
He preferred staying at home when it rained．
下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词-ing形式作宾语，指每逢下雨天都喜欢待在家里。)
I prefer to stay at home this afternoon．
今天下午我宁愿待在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示“今天下午待在家里”这一具体的动作。)
3．有些动词(短语)后跟动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。
动词(短语) 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
动词(短语) 宾语的形式 意义
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
动词(短语) 宾语的形式 意义
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做……
doing 停止做……
Please remember to give my best regards to your family．
请记着代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time．
我仍记得第一次参观这个博物馆的情景。
4．下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired．
这辆自行车需要修理一下。
单句语法填空
①To avoid ___________ (see) by the teacher，Tony stole into the classroom by the back door．
②Some of the children are shy and they have some difficulty in ________ (make) friends．
③Have you considered _________ (build) a house in the countryside after retirement
being seen
making
building
④My father suggested ________(read) more books to prepare for the coming semester．
⑤The bird narrowly escaped __________ (shoot) by the hunter．
⑥(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in ___________ (restore)sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys．
reading
being shot
restoring
二、动词-ing形式作表语
作表语的动词-ing形式有两个特点：
1．具有形容词的特征，说明主语的性质、特征等。
The work is challenging．
这项工作具有挑战性。
2．表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible．
→Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job．
她的工作是尽可能地使报告厅保持干净。
[名师点津] 动词不定式和过去分词也可作表语，但动词不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；过去分词则表示被动、完成，主语常常是人。
选词填空/单句语法填空
①I found that the book borrowed from the library was very __________ (exciting/excited)．
②The story was so _________ (move) that I kept telling it to my friends over and over．
③What students do at school is __________ (learn) new knowledge．
④The argument which is mentioned by the expert is ____________ (convince)．
exciting
moving
learning
convincing
课时提升作业(十一) (UNIT 4 Learning About Language)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：102.5分)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The kids were all looking forward to ________ (admire) the amazing sight outside．
2．We highly recommend ________ (sign) up for this course because it is perfect for you．
admiring
signing
3．You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of _________ (die) early by running．
4．I tried to quit _________ (smoke) several times before I realised I was addicted．
5．The moment I got home，I got down to ________ (pack) the suitcase．
6．Most people who want to lose weight by going on a diet will end up ________ (put) weight back on．
dying
smoking
packing
putting
7．Governments around the world are beginning to recognize the severity of the situation and are implementing policies aimed at _________ (reduce) greenhouse gas emissions．
8．There's no __________ (deny) that China has made great progress in the past decades．
reducing
denying
9．I still remember ________ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time．
10．The film star wears sunglasses，hoping that he can go shopping without _______________ (recognise)．
visiting
being recognised
Ⅱ．完成句子(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．我还是不想回复她的任何网络消息。
I still don't feel like ______________ any of her online messages．
2．露西喜欢旅行，喜欢花时间探索不同的文化。
Lucy likes travelling and loves to spend time _________________________．
3．外面噪音这么大，我无法定下心来看书。
With so much noise outside，I can't settle down to ______________．
responding to
exploring different cultures
reading a book
4．戒掉上网后，我觉得我的学业有了很大的改善。
After quitting ________________，I felt my study improved greatly．
5．每当我感到疲倦想放弃的时候，我的父母总是鼓励我不要放弃。
Whenever I felt tired and wanted to stop，my parents kept ___________
_______________．
6．外面的噪音太大了，以至于我很难集中精力学习。
The noise outside is so loud that I have some difficulty ______________
___________________．
surfing the Internet
encouraging
concentrating/
me not to give up
focusing on my study
7．当得知自己获得诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这项荣誉不只是我一个人的。”
______________ that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine．”
8．我的家乡，吉林，是一个美丽的古城，有许多美丽的地方值得探索。
My hometown，Jilin，is a beautiful old city with many beautiful places ________________．
Upon/On hearing
worth exploring
9．最让我担心的是她每天晚上都待到很晚。
What worries me most is ____________ too late every night．
10．珍妮忍不住被说服去买她并不真正需要的东西。
Jenny can't resist ________________ to buy the things that she doesn't really need．
her staying
being persuaded
Ⅲ．短文语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
When the old man was young，he was fond of 1．___________ (wander) in the street，for he found it was interesting 2．______ (talk) to some people．As 3．____consequence，he became better at 4．_______________ (communicate) with others．Later，he came to this city and his job was 5．_________ (talk) to some old people．He was very popular 6．_______ the old people and earned much money．This means his 7．_________ (be) able to buy a new house，although he didn't mind 8．__________ (live) in that old house．He enjoyed 9．__________ (live) in this city and never
wandering
to talk
a
communicating
talking
with
being
living
living
considered changing his job 10．__________ making up jokes to entertain the old people was an interesting thing for him．
because
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
For all the importance we place on words，whether spoken or written，much of the communicating we do on a regular basis comes through body language．According to pioneering research by Dr．Albert Mehrabian，only 7 percent of the meaning from human communication comes from the actual spoken words used．An additional 38 percent comes from people's tone of voice，while a large 55 percent comes from body language．
Researchers have long identified that certain kinds of body movements and facial expressions can communicate information about the emotions we happen to be experiencing at the time．But are these emotional signals shaped by different cultures or are they universal to all humans
A new research article published in the journal Emotion attempts to answer this question through a cross-cultural study．The researchers traveled to Ratanakiri，Cambodia to study members of a distant Kreung hill tribe (部落)．Living in Cambodia's highlands，the Kreung are still
largely separated from the outside world except for occasional visitors．They have yet to be assimilated (同化) as many other societies have been．
In the study，a set of videos were prepared featuring an American woman，displaying three positive emotions(happiness，love and pride) and three negative emotions (anger，fear and sadness) using body language alone．The effectiveness of these videos was tested using thirty-four American participants．The videos were then presented to twenty-six Kreung individuals (eleven of whom were female)．They
were asked to describe the emotions being displayed in their own words．
Results showed that the Kreung participants tended to be quite accurate in guessing which emotions were being presented．The overall accuracy rate was sixty-two percent though their accuracy in detecting specific emotions such as anger and happiness was far higher．Overall，there was no significant discrepancy between Kreung and American raters in detecting emotions，though American participants did much better in detecting pride and love．
Still，the study does suggest that body movements can express emotions such as anger，fear，sadness and love even to individuals belonging to different cultures．Emotional signals reflect basic human needs and desires that all humans share．Learning more about how basic biology and social factors shape the way we communicate may well be essential in helping to understand ourselves better．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，情感肢体语言在不同文化中是普遍存在的。
1．Why were the Kreung chosen in the study
A．They live a hard and poor life．
B．They make a living by developing tourism．
C．They enjoy a relatively unaffected culture．
D．They use body language alone to communicate．
√
C [细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句“科伦族生活在柬埔寨的高地，除了偶尔的游客外，他们基本上与外界隔绝。他们还没有像许多其他社会一样被同化。”可知，研究选择科伦族是因为他们相对不受外界文化的影响。故选C。]
2．How does the writer describe the results of the study in paragraph 5
A．By using pictures．
B．By telling stories．
C．By analyzing causes．
D．By making comparisons．
√
D [写作手法题。根据第五段最后一句“总体而言，尽管美国参与者在识别骄傲和爱方面做得更好，但在察觉情绪方面，科伦族和美国参与者之间没有显著差异。”推知，作者是通过作比较来描述结果的。故选D。]
3．What does the underlined word “discrepancy” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Difference． B．Communication．
C．Relation． D．Balance．
A [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子“Overall，there was no significant discrepancy between Kreung and American raters in detecting emotions，though American participants did much better in detecting pride and love．”可知，这是让步状语从句，前后有转折意味。由此可知，discrepancy的意思是“差异”。故选A。]
√
4．What did the researchers conclude from the study
A．Emotional signals are essentially languages．
B．Emotional body language may go beyond culture．
C．Humans share all the emotional body movements．
D．Biology and social factors affect basic human needs and desires．
√
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“不过，这项研究确实表明，身体动作可以表达愤怒、恐惧、悲伤和爱等情绪，甚至对不同文化背景的人也是如此。”可推知，情感肢体语言可能跨越文化，被人们通用。故选B。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Negative Body Language Signs and
How to Avoid Them
Negative body language can ruin your relationships with others．
1 What are negative body language signs you might be employing？And how can you avoid them？Below are several examples．
Touching or fixing your hair
Touching or fixing your hair isn't the worst thing you can do when you're in an informal setting．Although you're likely sending the message that you're nervous，there's nothing inappropriate about this． 2 When you're talking to your boss or attending a meeting，you might not want to appear nervous or unsure．Find a different way to entertain your fingers．
Covering your mouth
3 At that moment，we didn't know how else to react but to cover our mouths．And there's nothing wrong with that．When you cover your mouth in the wrong setting，though，you might show that you're struggling with a lack of confidence，covering or masking your facial expressions．
Too weak or too strong of a handshake
With the right handshake，you can influence the way someone feels about you within the first few seconds．Handshakes are often the first impression someone has on you． 4 Too weak of a handshake signals that you're either struggling with confidence or uninterested in meeting the person you're shaking hands with．But too strong of a handshake signals that you don't respect the person． 5 .
A．Workplaces are a different story，though．
B．Everyone in such situations might behave like that．
C．So to show your respect，you should offer your praise first．
D．We've all experienced conversations where we've been shocked．
E．You might be sending the wrong message without even knowing．
F．That is why they are one of the most important tools of body language．
G．When you find the medium between the two，you'll master the art of handshaking．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了消极的肢体语言信号以及如何避免它们。
1．E [根据上文“消极的肢体语言会破坏你与他人的关系。”以及下文“你可能会使用哪些消极的肢体语言呢？”可知，E选项切题。E选项中的“sending the wrong message”呼应下文中的“negative body language signs”。故选E。]
2．A [根据上文“在非正式场合，抚摸或整理头发并不是最糟糕的事情。”及下文“当你正与老板谈话或正参加一个会议时”可知，空处说明的应是在正式场合，与上文的在非正式场合相对应。故选A。]
3．D [根据下文“那一刻，我们不知道还能有什么反应，只能捂着嘴。”可知，空处引出下文，说明那一刻是什么样的情境。故选D。]
4．F [根据上文“用正确的握手方式，你可以在最初几秒钟内影响别人对你的感觉。握手通常是别人对你的第一印象。”可知，空处承接上文，说明其原因。故选F。]
5．G [根据上文可知，握手太无力和握手太用力都会影响社交，所以要找到平衡点才能达到最佳效果。故选G。]
Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Both Debbie and Simon work in the Sunbeam Travel Company．One day they were sitting in the office．The door opened and a lady entered．She glanced at them both， 1 a moment，then walked over and sat opposite Debbie．Debbie greeted her 2 in the corridor，and they got down to business．
Simon 3 ，stood up and left．He met Mr Smith，the manager．“What's up，Simon？You don't look very 4 ．”
“It's the customers，” Simon said．“They always prefer
Debbie to me．I can't 5 it．”
“I can．It's the way you 6 ．”
“How can that be？” Simon said．“I don't even get a 7 to speak to them．”
“Communicating is more than speaking and listening，Simon．Your body language is 8 ，too．”
“What kind of language is that？”
“It's the way you stand and sit and walk．It's your gestures and the expression on your face and in your eyes．Your whole 9 .
communicates things，even you're not speaking．The way you look at customers doesn't give them a good impression，Simon．For example，you often rest your head on your 10 ．You don't smile．You don't turn your head or your body towards the customers．But look at Debbie．She's holding her head 11 ．She looks at the customer in the eye．She smiles．She turns her head and her body towards the customer．Your body language is telling customers to 12 ．Debbie's is making them feel welcome．That's why the customers go to her and not to you．”
After that，Simon tried to improve his body language．This seemed to 13 ．Minutes later，a girl entered．Without 14 ，she sat down opposite Simon and gave him a big smile．A few moments later，she left，still smiling．
Mr Smith came over and said，“Well, Simon，you 15 made a good impression on that customer．Well done．”
“That wasn't a customer，” Simon said．“That was my sister．She wanted to borrow some money for lunch．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一家旅游公司工作的西蒙，他对于客户总是喜欢黛比而不喜欢他感到困惑，后来他的经理给他讲了肢体语言在沟通中的重要性，他试着改变，有一天，一位女孩来找西蒙并且一直很开心，经理以为西蒙给客户留下了好的印象，结果这个女孩是西蒙的妹妹，来找他借钱的故事。
1．A．listened B．stood
C．looked D．paused
D [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“She glanced at them both”和下文“then walked over and sat opposite Debbie”可知，应是这位女士进来看到两个人，想着要找哪个业务员，所以应该是停下来确定要找哪个人。故选D。]
√
2．A．calmly B．wildly
C．cheerfully D．hopefully
C [考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“they got down to business”可知，这位女士是来找她谈业务的，所以应该是指高兴地。故选C。]
√
3．A．bowed B．sighed
C．laughed D．nodded
B [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文经理的问话“What's up，Simon？You don't look very ．”可知，西蒙应该是不太开心，所以应该是叹气。故选B。]
√
4．A．sad B．relaxed
C．happy D．nervous
√
C [考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“‘It's the customers，’ Simon said．‘They always prefer Debbie to me．I can't it．’”可知，客户更喜欢黛比，所以西蒙应该是看起来不太高兴。故选C。]
5．A．understand B．grasp
C．believe D．guess
√
A [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“‘It's the customers，’ Simon said．‘They always prefer Debbie to me．’”和常识可知，西蒙对于客户更喜欢黛比而不喜欢自己这件事没办法理解。故选A。]
6．A．think B．interpret
C．communicate D．perceive
√
C [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“Communicating is more than speaking and listening，Simon．”可知，经理是说西蒙的沟通方式有问题。故选C。]
7．A．chance B．minute
C．word D．right
√
A [考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“‘It's the customers，’ Simon said．‘They always prefer Debbie to me．’”可知，客户不太喜欢西蒙，所以应该是指西蒙都没有说话的机会。故选A。]
8．A．creative B．adorable
C．fun D．important
√
D [考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“Communicating is more than speaking and listening，Simon．”和常识可知，沟通不仅仅有说和听，肢体语言也很重要。故选D。]
9．A．style B．appearance
C．speech D．character
√
B [考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“It's the way you stand and sit and walk．It's your gestures and the expression on your face and in your eyes．”可知，此处是指整体的形象。故选B。]
10．A．shoulder B．arm
C．finger D．hand
D [考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“You don't smile．You don't turn your head or your body towards the customers．”和常识可知，此处是指西蒙经常把头靠在手上，让客户感觉他没有重视他们。故选D。]
√
11．A．high B．up
C．steady D．back
√
B [考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“She looks at the customer in the eye．She smiles．She turns her head and her body towards the customer．”可知，黛比总是抬头挺胸的。故选B。]
12．A．go away B．go ahead
C．get going D．get ready
√
A [考查动词短语辨析。根据下文“Debbie's is making them feel welcome．”可知，和黛比的肢体语言相比，西蒙的肢体语言是在让客户离开。故选A。]
13．A．work B．confuse
C．frustrate D．motivate
√
A [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“After that，Simon tried to improve his body language．”和下文“she sat down opposite Simon and gave him a big smile”可知，西蒙对改进他的肢体语言的尝试起作用了。故选A。]
14．A．invitation B．explanation
C．permission D．hesitation
√
D [考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“After that，Simon tried to improve his body language．This seemed to ．”可知，西蒙对改进肢体语言的尝试似乎起作用了，所以那个女孩应该是一进屋没有犹豫就坐在了西蒙的对面。故选D。]
15．A．probably B．certainly
C．finally D．likely
√
B [考查副词词义辨析。根据上文“Without ，she sat down opposite Simon and gave him a big smile．A few moments later，she left，still smiling．”可知，经理认为西蒙一定是给那位顾客留下了好的印象，那位顾客才会一直保持微笑。故选B。]
Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Our communication is dependent not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them．Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender 1． a receiver．The sender encodes a message and sends it face to face，or through video，telephone，mail or social media．This message is then 2． (receive) and decoded by the receiver．In response，the receiver sends an encoded message back，3． is referred to as feedback．This feedback is decoded by the original sender and the entire
and
received
which
cycle 4． (repeat) itself until they have finished communicating．
This communication process can be challenging but，with practice and patience，you can become a highly competent communicator．5． (accomplish) this，you need to know with whom you are communicating．Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger，friend，family member 6． co-worker，you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation．Furthermore，you will need to determine the appropriate style to use and 7． complex your choice of words
repeats
To accomplish
or
how
should be．For example，if you are a business person 8． (negotiate) with a large enterprise about a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner．Meanwhile，your body language is 9． (equal) important and the value of empathy should not be understated．
Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately and improve your 10． (interaction) with others．Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect，allowing relationships to become more positive and productive．
negotiating
equally
interactions
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了交流的本质以及怎样有效交流。
1．and [考查连词。分析句子可知，a sender和a receiver为并列关系，所以这里应用并列连词and。故填and。]
2．received [考查语态。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，This message与receive之间为被动关系，此空应填过去分词形式，与前文的is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填received。]
3．which [考查定语从句。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子，关系词在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。]
4．repeats [考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此空考查谓语动词，the entire cycle 与repeat之间为主动关系，且这里时态应与前文时态保持一致，用一般现在时。又因主语是第三人称单数，故填repeats。]
5．To accomplish [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此空应填不定式作目的状语，且位于句首时首字母应大写。故填To accomplish。]
6．or [考查连词。分析句子可知，此空应填并列连词or，表“或者”，符合句意。故填or。]
7．how [考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，这里考查宾语从句，且从句为陈述句句型，为“how＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语”形式。故填how。]
8．negotiating [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语动词，a business person与negotiate之间为主动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用动词-ing形式作定语。故填negotiating。]
9．equally [考查词性转换。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面的形容词。故填equally。]
10．interactions [考查名词复数。分析句子可知，interaction表“互动”，为可数名词，再由with others可知，这里应用名词复数作improve的宾语。故填interactions。]
谢 谢！课时提升作业(十一) (UNIT 4 Learning About Language)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：102.5分)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The kids were all looking forward to ________ (admire) the amazing sight outside．
2．We highly recommend _______ (sign) up for this course because it is perfect for you．
3．You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of _____ (die) early by running．
4．I tried to quit _______ (smoke) several times before I realised I was addicted．
5．The moment I got home，I got down to _______ (pack) the suitcase．
6．Most people who want to lose weight by going on a diet will end up _______ (put) weight back on．
7．Governments around the world are beginning to recognize the severity of the situation and are implementing policies aimed at ________ (reduce) greenhouse gas emissions．
8．There's no _______ (deny) that China has made great progress in the past decades．
9．I still remember ________ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time．
10．The film star wears sunglasses，hoping that he can go shopping without ________________ (recognise)．
Ⅱ．完成句子(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．我还是不想回复她的任何网络消息。
I still don't feel like _____________ any of her online messages．
2．露西喜欢旅行，喜欢花时间探索不同的文化。
Lucy likes travelling and loves to spend time ____________________________．
3．外面噪音这么大，我无法定下心来看书。
With so much noise outside，I can't settle down to ______________．
4．戒掉上网后，我觉得我的学业有了很大的改善。
After quitting ____________________，I felt my study improved greatly．
5．每当我感到疲倦想放弃的时候，我的父母总是鼓励我不要放弃。
Whenever I felt tired and wanted to stop，my parents kept _____________________________．
6．外面的噪音太大了，以至于我很难集中精力学习。
The noise outside is so loud that I have some difficulty __________________________________．
7．当得知自己获得诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这项荣誉不只是我一个人的。”
_______________ that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine．”
8．我的家乡，吉林，是一个美丽的古城，有许多美丽的地方值得探索。
My hometown，Jilin，is a beautiful old city with many beautiful places _______________．
9．最让我担心的是她每天晚上都待到很晚。
What worries me most is ___________ too late every night．
10．珍妮忍不住被说服去买她并不真正需要的东西。
Jenny can't resist _______________ to buy the things that she doesn't really need．
Ⅲ．短文语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
When the old man was young，he was fond of 1．_________ (wander) in the street，for he found it was interesting 2．_______ (talk) to some people．As 3．_ consequence，he became better at 4．_____________ (communicate) with others．Later，he came to this city and his job was 5．_______ (talk) to some old people．He was very popular 6．____ the old people and earned much money．This means his 7．_____ (be) able to buy a new house，although he didn't mind 8．______ (live) in that old house．He enjoyed 9．______ (live) in this city and never considered changing his job 10．_______ making up jokes to entertain the old people was an interesting thing for him．
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
For all the importance we place on words，whether spoken or written，much of the communicating we do on a regular basis comes through body language．According to pioneering research by Dr．Albert Mehrabian，only 7 percent of the meaning from human communication comes from the actual spoken words used．An additional 38 percent comes from people's tone of voice，while a large 55 percent comes from body language．
Researchers have long identified that certain kinds of body movements and facial expressions can communicate information about the emotions we happen to be experiencing at the time．But are these emotional signals shaped by different cultures or are they universal to all humans
A new research article published in the journal Emotion attempts to answer this question through a cross-cultural study．The researchers traveled to Ratanakiri，Cambodia to study members of a distant Kreung hill tribe (部落)．Living in Cambodia's highlands，the Kreung are still largely separated from the outside world except for occasional visitors．They have yet to be assimilated (同化) as many other societies have been．
In the study，a set of videos were prepared featuring an American woman，displaying three positive emotions(happiness，love and pride) and three negative emotions (anger，fear and sadness) using body language alone．The effectiveness of these videos was tested using thirty-four American participants．The videos were then presented to twenty-six Kreung individuals (eleven of whom were female)．They were asked to describe the emotions being displayed in their own words．
Results showed that the Kreung participants tended to be quite accurate in guessing which emotions were being presented．The overall accuracy rate was sixty-two percent though their accuracy in detecting specific emotions such as anger and happiness was far higher．Overall，there was no significant discrepancy between Kreung and American raters in detecting emotions，though American participants did much better in detecting pride and love．
Still，the study does suggest that body movements can express emotions such as anger，fear，sadness and love even to individuals belonging to different cultures．Emotional signals reflect basic human needs and desires that all humans share．Learning more about how basic biology and social factors shape the way we communicate may well be essential in helping to understand ourselves better．
1．Why were the Kreung chosen in the study
A．They live a hard and poor life．
B．They make a living by developing tourism．
C．They enjoy a relatively unaffected culture．
D．They use body language alone to communicate．
2．How does the writer describe the results of the study in paragraph 5
A．By using pictures．
B．By telling stories．
C．By analyzing causes．
D．By making comparisons．
3．What does the underlined word “discrepancy” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Difference． B．Communication．
C．Relation． D．Balance．
4．What did the researchers conclude from the study
A．Emotional signals are essentially languages．
B．Emotional body language may go beyond culture．
C．Humans share all the emotional body movements．
D．Biology and social factors affect basic human needs and desires．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Negative Body Language Signs and
How to Avoid Them
Negative body language can ruin your relationships with others． 1 What are negative body language signs you might be employing？And how can you avoid them？Below are several examples．
Touching or fixing your hair
Touching or fixing your hair isn't the worst thing you can do when you're in an informal setting．Although you're likely sending the message that you're nervous，there's nothing inappropriate about this． 2 When you're talking to your boss or attending a meeting，you might not want to appear nervous or unsure．Find a different way to entertain your fingers．
Covering your mouth
3 At that moment，we didn't know how else to react but to cover our mouths．And there's nothing wrong with that．When you cover your mouth in the wrong setting，though，you might show that you're struggling with a lack of confidence，covering or masking your facial expressions．
Too weak or too strong of a handshake
With the right handshake，you can influence the way someone feels about you within the first few seconds．Handshakes are often the first impression someone has on you． 4 Too weak of a handshake signals that you're either struggling with confidence or uninterested in meeting the person you're shaking hands with．But too strong of a handshake signals that you don't respect the person． 5
A．Workplaces are a different story，though．
B．Everyone in such situations might behave like that．
C．So to show your respect，you should offer your praise first．
D．We've all experienced conversations where we've been shocked．
E．You might be sending the wrong message without even knowing．
F．That is why they are one of the most important tools of body language．
G．When you find the medium between the two，you'll master the art of handshaking．
Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Both Debbie and Simon work in the Sunbeam Travel Company．One day they were sitting in the office．The door opened and a lady entered．She glanced at them both， 1 a moment，then walked over and sat opposite Debbie．Debbie greeted her 2 in the corridor，and they got down to business．
Simon 3 ，stood up and left．He met Mr Smith，the manager．“What's up，Simon？You don't look very 4 ．”
“It's the customers，” Simon said．“They always prefer Debbie to me．I can't 5 it．”
“I can．It's the way you 6 ．”
“How can that be？” Simon said．“I don't even get a 7 to speak to them．”
“Communicating is more than speaking and listening，Simon．Your body language is 8 ，too．”
“What kind of language is that？”
“It's the way you stand and sit and walk．It's your gestures and the expression on your face and in your eyes．Your whole 9 communicates things，even you're not speaking．The way you look at customers doesn't give them a good impression，Simon．For example，you often rest your head on your 10 ．You don't smile．You don't turn your head or your body towards the customers．But look at Debbie．She's holding her head 11 ．She looks at the customer in the eye．She smiles．She turns her head and her body towards the customer．Your body language is telling customers to 12 ．Debbie's is making them feel welcome．That's why the customers go to her and not to you．”
After that，Simon tried to improve his body language．This seemed to 13 ．Minutes later，a girl entered．Without 14 ，she sat down opposite Simon and gave him a big smile．A few moments later，she left，still smiling．
Mr Smith came over and said，“Well, Simon，you 15 made a good impression on that customer．Well done．”
“That wasn't a customer，” Simon said．“That was my sister．She wanted to borrow some money for lunch．”
1．A．listened B．stood
C．looked D．paused
2．A．calmly B．wildly
C．cheerfully D．hopefully
3．A．bowed B．sighed
C．laughed D．nodded
4．A．sad B．relaxed
C．happy D．nervous
5．A．understand B．grasp
C．believe D．guess
6．A．think B．interpret
C．communicate D．perceive
7．A．chance B．minute
C．word D．right
8．A．creative B．adorable
C．fun D．important
9．A．style B．appearance
C．speech D．character
10．A．shoulder B．arm
C．finger D．hand
11．A．high B．up
C．steady D．back
12．A．go away B．go ahead
C．get going D．get ready
13．A．work B．confuse
C．frustrate D．motivate
14．A．invitation B．explanation
C．permission D．hesitation
15．A．probably B．certainly
C．finally D．likely
Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Our communication is dependent not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them．Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender 1． a receiver．The sender encodes a message and sends it face to face，or through video，telephone，mail or social media．This message is then 2． (receive) and decoded by the receiver．In response，the receiver sends an encoded message back，3． is referred to as feedback．This feedback is decoded by the original sender and the entire cycle 4． (repeat) itself until they have finished communicating．
This communication process can be challenging but，with practice and patience，you can become a highly competent communicator．5． (accomplish) this，you need to know with whom you are communicating．Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger，friend，family member 6． co-worker，you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation．Furthermore，you will need to determine the appropriate style to use and 7． complex your choice of words should be．For example，if you are a business person 8． (negotiate) with a large enterprise about a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner．Meanwhile，your body language is 9． (equal) important and the value of empathy should not be understated．
Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately and improve your 10． (interaction) with others．Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect，allowing relationships to become more positive and productive．
课时提升作业(十一)
基础过关
Ⅰ.1.admiring 2.signing 3.dying 4.smoking 5.packing
6．putting 7.reducing 8.denying 9.visiting 10.being recognised
Ⅱ.1.responding to 2.exploring different cultures
3．reading a book 4.surfing the Internet 5.encouraging me not to give up 6.concentrating/focusing on my study
7．Upon/On hearing 8.worth exploring 9.her staying 10.being persuaded
Ⅲ.1.wandering 2.to talk 3.a 4.communicating 5.talking 6.with 7.being 8.living 9.living 10.because
能力提升
Ⅰ.
1 2 3 4
C D A B
Ⅱ.
1 2 3 4 5
E A D F G
Ⅲ.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
D C B C A C A D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B D B A A D B
Ⅳ.1.and 2.received 3.which 4.repeats 5.To accomplish 6.or 7.how 8.negotiating 9.equally 10.interactions
能力提升
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，情感肢体语言在不同文化中是普遍存在的。
1．C [细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句“科伦族生活在柬埔寨的高地，除了偶尔的游客外，他们基本上与外界隔绝。他们还没有像许多其他社会一样被同化。”可知，研究选择科伦族是因为他们相对不受外界文化的影响。故选C。]
2．D [写作手法题。根据第五段最后一句“总体而言，尽管美国参与者在识别骄傲和爱方面做得更好，但在察觉情绪方面，科伦族和美国参与者之间没有显著差异。”推知，作者是通过作比较来描述结果的。故选D。]
3．A [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子“Overall，there was no significant discrepancy between Kreung and American raters in detecting emotions，though American participants did much better in detecting pride and love.”可知，这是让步状语从句，前后有转折意味。由此可知，discrepancy的意思是“差异”。故选A。]
4．B [推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“不过，这项研究确实表明，身体动作可以表达愤怒、恐惧、悲伤和爱等情绪，甚至对不同文化背景的人也是如此。”可推知，情感肢体语言可能跨越文化，被人们通用。故选B。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了消极的肢体语言信号以及如何避免它们。
1．E [根据上文“消极的肢体语言会破坏你与他人的关系。”以及下文“你可能会使用哪些消极的肢体语言呢？”可知，E选项切题。E选项中的“sending the wrong message”呼应下文中的“negative body language signs”。故选E。]
2．A [根据上文“在非正式场合，抚摸或整理头发并不是最糟糕的事情。”及下文“当你正与老板谈话或正参加一个会议时”可知，空处说明的应是在正式场合，与上文的在非正式场合相对应。故选A。]
3．D [根据下文“那一刻，我们不知道还能有什么反应，只能捂着嘴。”可知，空处引出下文，说明那一刻是什么样的情境。故选D。]
4．F [根据上文“用正确的握手方式，你可以在最初几秒钟内影响别人对你的感觉。握手通常是别人对你的第一印象。”可知，空处承接上文，说明其原因。故选F。]
5．G [根据上文可知，握手太无力和握手太用力都会影响社交，所以要找到平衡点才能达到最佳效果。故选G。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一家旅游公司工作的西蒙，他对于客户总是喜欢黛比而不喜欢他感到困惑，后来他的经理给他讲了肢体语言在沟通中的重要性，他试着改变，有一天，一位女孩来找西蒙并且一直很开心，经理以为西蒙给客户留下了好的印象，结果这个女孩是西蒙的妹妹，来找他借钱的故事。
1．D [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“She glanced at them both”和下文“then walked over and sat opposite Debbie”可知，应是这位女士进来看到两个人，想着要找哪个业务员，所以应该是停下来确定要找哪个人。故选D。]
2．C [考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“they got down to business”可知，这位女士是来找她谈业务的，所以应该是指高兴地。故选C。]
3．B [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文经理的问话“What's up，Simon？You don't look very ________．”可知，西蒙应该是不太开心，所以应该是叹气。故选B。]
4．C [考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“‘It's the customers，’ Simon said.‘They always prefer Debbie to me.I can't ________ it.’”可知，客户更喜欢黛比，所以西蒙应该是看起来不太高兴。故选C。]
5．A [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“‘It's the customers，’ Simon said.‘They always prefer Debbie to me.’”和常识可知，西蒙对于客户更喜欢黛比而不喜欢自己这件事没办法理解。故选A。]
6．C [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“Communicating is more than speaking and listening，Simon.”可知，经理是说西蒙的沟通方式有问题。故选C。]
7．A [考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“‘It's the customers，’ Simon said.‘They always prefer Debbie to me.’”可知，客户不太喜欢西蒙，所以应该是指西蒙都没有说话的机会。故选A。]
8．D [考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“Communicating is more than speaking and listening，Simon.”和常识可知，沟通不仅仅有说和听，肢体语言也很重要。故选D。]
9．B [考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“It's the way you stand and sit and walk.It's your gestures and the expression on your face and in your eyes.”可知，此处是指整体的形象。故选B。]
10．D [考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“You don't smile.You don't turn your head or your body towards the customers.”和常识可知，此处是指西蒙经常把头靠在手上，让客户感觉他没有重视他们。故选D。]
11．B [考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“She looks at the customer in the eye.She smiles.She turns her head and her body towards the customer.”可知，黛比总是抬头挺胸的。故选B。]
12．A [考查动词短语辨析。根据下文“Debbie's is making them feel welcome.”可知，和黛比的肢体语言相比，西蒙的肢体语言是在让客户离开。故选A。]
13．A [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“After that，Simon tried to improve his body language.”和下文“she sat down opposite Simon and gave him a big smile”可知，西蒙对改进他的肢体语言的尝试起作用了。故选A。]
14．D [考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“After that，Simon tried to improve his body language.This seemed to ________．”可知，西蒙对改进肢体语言的尝试似乎起作用了，所以那个女孩应该是一进屋没有犹豫就坐在了西蒙的对面。故选D。]
15．B [考查副词词义辨析。根据上文“Without ________，she sat down opposite Simon and gave him a big smile.A few moments later，she left，still smiling.”可知，经理认为西蒙一定是给那位顾客留下了好的印象，那位顾客才会一直保持微笑。故选B。]
Ⅳ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了交流的本质以及怎样有效交流。
1．and [考查连词。分析句子可知，a sender和a receiver为并列关系，所以这里应用并列连词and。故填and。]
2．received [考查语态。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，This message与receive之间为被动关系，此空应填过去分词形式，与前文的is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填received。]
3．which [考查定语从句。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子，关系词在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。]
4．repeats [考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此空考查谓语动词，the entire cycle 与repeat之间为主动关系，且这里时态应与前文时态保持一致，用一般现在时。又因主语是第三人称单数，故填repeats。]
5．To accomplish [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此空应填不定式作目的状语，且位于句首时首字母应大写。故填To accomplish。]
6．or [考查连词。分析句子可知，此空应填并列连词or，表“或者”，符合句意。故填or。]
7．how [考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，这里考查宾语从句，且从句为陈述句句型，为“how＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语”形式。故填how。]
8．negotiating [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语动词，a business person与negotiate之间为主动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用动词ing形式作定语。故填negotiating。]
9．equally [考查词性转换。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面的形容词。故填equally。]
10．interactions [考查名词复数。分析句子可知，interaction表“互动”，为可数名词，再由with others可知，这里应用名词复数作improve的宾语。故填interactions。]
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