(共67张PPT)
Period 3
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
主题语境
人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物
课时学案 语言知识讲练(Reading and Thinking)
(1)subscribe to 同意；赞同；订购；捐款
subscribe...to... 在……上签署……；向……捐……
(2)subscriber n． 订阅人，订购者；定期捐款者
1．subscribe vi．认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①If you ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs, then why not subscribe __ it
②Most of people subscribed __ the idea that childhood is the happiest period in our life．
③你认为他们会同意这个解决方案吗？
Do you think they __________________________？
to
to
would subscribe to the solution
(1)suspect that... 怀疑……(尤指坏事可能属实或发 生)
suspect sb．to be... 怀疑某人是……
suspect sb． of (doing) sth． 怀疑某人(做)某事
(2)a murder suspect 谋杀嫌疑人
2．suspect vt．& vi, 怀疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①We suspected the man _____ (be) a cheat at first but it turned out that we were wrong．
②The man was suspected ___ throwing stones at the car and was taken away by the police．
to be
of
③我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他从不怀疑我们会实现自己的梦想。
The person I respect most is my English teacher，who_______________
______________________．(suspect that...)
＝The person I respect most is my English teacher，who_____________
_______________________．(suspect sb． of...)
never suspects that
we can achieve our dreams
never suspects
us of achieving our dreams
(1)blame sb． for (doing) sth． 因(做)某事责备某人
blame sth． on... 把某事归咎于……
be to blame (for sth．) (对某事)负有责任
(2)take the blame for 对……承担责任
put/lay/place the blame for sth．on...
把某事归咎于……
3．blame vt．把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级
①There is no doubt that the terrible earthquake was _______ (blame) for such severe ruins．
②After investigating, the police blamed the traffic accident ___ Jack's careless driving．
to blame
on
③Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network．
→_________________________________________________，Alice was in low spirits．(过去分词短语作状语)
[名师点津] 在be to blame (for sth．)短语中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network
(1)There is a link between...and... ……与……之间有联系
(2)link...with/to... 将……和……联系或连接起来
be linked to... 与……有联系/有关
4．link n．联系；纽带 vt．把……连接起来；相关联
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Your innovations should ________ (link) to our school life and be able to make our life better and more convenient．
②New research has linked eating alone _______ a variety of mental and physical conditions．
③健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems _________________ bad eating habits and a lack of exercise．
be linked
with/to
are closely linked to
(1)on the decrease/increase 正在减少/增加
(2)decrease in... 在……方面减少
decrease to... 减少到……
decrease by... 减少了……
5．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt．& vi．(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①__________ (decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials．
②Not enough sleep will have an impact on our health, leading to a decrease __ learning efficiency．
To decrease
in
③由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。
Because of human activities, the number of rare animals________________．
(decrease n．)
＝Because of human activities, the number of rare animals____________．
(decrease v．)
is on the decrease
is decreasing
(1)transform...into... 把……变成……
transform...from... 从……转变；转化
(2)transformation n． 改观；改革；转变
6．transform vt．使改观；使改变形态vi．改变；转变
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级
①The magician transformed the handkerchief ____ a bird with all the audience focusing on his performance．
②The visit to Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall opened our eyes to the continuous _____________ (transform) of the ancient city．
③The village has been transformed into a small town and it takes on a new look now．
→_________________________________________________________ (过去分词短语作状语)
into
transformation
Transformed into a small town, the village takes on a new look now．
[教材P2] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days．
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
1．so...that...如此……以至于……
[句式分析] so/such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there．
在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至我们禁不住想知道还要多久才能到达那里。
so＋that...
such＋that...
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①The situation was ___ severe at that time that we had to take urgent measures．
②She is _____ a lovely girl that all people know her and love her very much．
③这相机这么贵，我买不起。
This is ____________________________________________ I can't afford it．
＝__________________________________________________ I can't afford it．
so
such
so expensive a camera/such an expensive camera that
So expensive a camera/Such an expensive camera is this that
[教材P2] It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day．
这位妇女似乎非常喜欢(饮用)从水泵抽上来的水，她每天都让人(从那里)送水到她家。
2．have sth． done 结构
[句式分析] 本句中的“had it delivered to her house”是have sth． done结构。
The boy had his leg broken in the match yesterday．
在昨天的比赛中，这个男孩的腿受伤了。
(1)have sth． done 请(让)别人做某事；经历或遭遇某 情况
(2)have sb．/sth． doing... 让某人/物一直做……
(3)have sb． do... 让某人做……
(4)have sth． to do 有某事要做
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级
①You'd better have that bad tooth ______ (pull) out as the doctor required．
②They seem glad to have people _____ (visit) these small animals．
③She didn't have the courage ________ (refuse) the invitation by her boss．
④Training for the basketball game can strengthen both our body and teamwork．
→Training for the basketball game can______________________________
___________．(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
pulled
visit
to refuse
have both our body and teamwork
strengthened
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．We suspected him _____ (be) a cheat at first, but it turned out that we were wrong in the end．
2．However, your employee refused to make an apology to me, and claimed that he was not ________ (blame)．
3．Ice shelves in the Antarctic will decrease ___ more than 7，200 square miles each year in the next four decades．
to be
to blame
by
4．All the scientists present at the forum subscribe ___ the view that global warming is mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels．
5．Through this activity, I learned how ___________ (transform) my way of thinking．
6．_______ (link) arms with one of the lifeguards, I helped pull the young man out of the water．
7．He went out to have his smartphone________ (repair), which was broken yesterday．
to
to transform
Linking
repaired
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．如图表所示，野生动物的种类在过去的三十年里急剧减少。
As is shown in the chart, the kinds of wild animals_____________________
in the past three decades．
2．在过去的十年里，这家公司从一个家族企业变成了一家大型跨国公司。
In the past decade, this company has been transformed_______________
____________ a large multi-national company．
have decreased sharply
from a family
business into
3．我们大多数人都赞同吸烟与肺癌之间有关系这一观点。
Most of us subscribe to the idea that there is_______________________ __________．
4．你是一个如此成功的商人，学生们都渴望知道你的故事和经历。
You are ______________________________ the students are eager to know your stories and experiences．
a link between smoking and
lung cancer
such a successful businessman that
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Cholera used to be one of the most feared 1．________ (disease) in the world．When young, John Snow became 2．_________ (frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera．He desired 3．__
________ (destroy) cholera once and for all．He thought cholera was caused by an 4．________ (infect) from germs in food or water．
Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate by 5．_________ (mark) on a map the exact places where all those 6．____ died had lived．At last, John Snow found
diseases
frustrated
to
destroy
infection
marking
who
that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste．Through Snow's tireless efforts, the threat of cholera around the world saw 7．__ substantial decrease．However, cholera is still a problem．Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks 8．__ the work of John Snow．Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow 9．___________ (transform) the way scientists study diseases．For this reason, Snow 10．___________ (consider) the father of modern epidemiology．
a
to
transformed
is considered
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．Customs officials have made a series of ____________ (相互矛盾的) statements about the equipment．
2．If you give people ________ (数量多的) opportunities to lie, they will start with little lies which get bigger over time．
3．Almost every interview I've ever had was due to a connection—one that I've gained through ____ (纯的) determination．
课时分层作业(一)
contradictory
multiple
pure
4．She was designed to improve her ability to ______ (处理) conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor bad ideas．
5．It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win __________ (大量的) support outside super-liberal areas．
handle
substantial
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．According to experts, taking long-term courses of certain medicines may increase vulnerability to _________ (infect)．
2．If you _________ (suspect) that the workplace had gotten more stressful than it was just a few decades ago, you're right．
3．The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December ___ unseasonably warm weather．
infection
suspected
on
4．Studies of children who were isolated from others reveal that their psychological development is ________ (severe) affected．
5．Research shows that communicating with others promotes health, whereas social isolation ________ (link) to stress, disease, and early death．
severely
is linked
Ⅲ．阅读理解
A
Technology affects the way individuals communicate, learn, and think． It helps society and determines how people interact with each other on a daily basis． It has positive and negative effects on the world and it impacts daily life． We are living in a time when technological advancements are common． However, with technological advancements, there's a downside (弊端) to it all．
One aspect of technology that has had a great impact on society is how it affects learning． It's made learning more interactive, which helps people better understand the material that they are learning and have trouble with． Also, it gets people better access to resources． With the creation of the Internet, it gives us access to information at a twenty-four-hour rate and you have access to almost anything online． In addition, it allows students to get work done easier． It also expands the boundaries of the classroom, encouraging self-paced learning． People can access learning through websites and social media． This helps students learn better than sitting down for lectures and reading from textbooks． These technological advancements have made learning more fun and convenient．
Besides, the technological advancements have also helped keep people safe and healthy． There are many apps on phones for people to monitor their weight, the calories they intake, heart rate and other health properties (属性) any time of the day． There's increased accessibility of treatment available, there's the change in healthcare that adds benefits for the elderly, and there're hospitals using advanced technology within their surgical rooms．
However, studies show that mobile communication affects people in a negative way when it comes to being sociable and making face-to-face contact． Mobile technology can decrease communication and relations between people． There's less personal time, because you're always in contact with someone． Also, it can be distracting from your schoolwork． There is also loss of privacy, because anyone can find you anywhere, at any time of the day．
In conclusion, all of these things impact how humans act today． Without technological advancements, our way of life would not be as complex． Thus, it has been wisely said that technology is a good servant but a bad master．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科技发展对世界的积极和消极的影响。
1．Which of the following is a downside of technological advancements
A．Interactive learning methods．
B．Accessible learning resources．
C．Monitored health properties．
D．Decreased face-to-face meetups．
√
D [细节理解题。根据第四段的“However, studies show that mobile communication affects people in a negative way when it comes to being sociable and making face-to-face contact． Mobile technology can decrease communication and relations between people．(然而，研究表明，当涉及社交和面对面交流时，移动通信会对人们产生负面影响。移动技术会减少人与人之间的交流和关系。)”可知，技术进步的弊端就是减少了人们面对面的交流。故选D项。]
2．What's the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 2
A．widens
B．narrows
C．shortens
D．contracts
√
A [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句上下文“In addition, it allows students to get work done easier...．People can access learning through websites and social media．(此外，它让学生更容易完成作业。……人们可以通过网站和社交媒体来学习。)”可知，该部分主要讲述科技进步对学生学习的益处。结合“It also expands the boundaries of the classroom, encouraging self-paced learning．(它还扩大了课堂的范围，鼓励自主学习。)”中的“encouraging self-paced learning”可知，科技的进步让学生能够自主学习，从而可以推断应该是科技拓宽了学生获得知识的途径，学生不只局限于在传统的课堂上获得知识，所以此处指“(技术)扩大了课堂的范围”，expand应该是“拓宽，扩大”的意思，和widen词义接近。故选A项。]
3．What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage
A．It is wise to be mastered by technology．
B．Technology is good at serving but bad at mastering us．
C．Humans can totally survive with or without technology．
D．We'd better make technology serve rather than control us．
√
D [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In conclusion, all of these things impact how humans act today． Without technological advancements, our way of life would not be as complex． Thus, it has been wisely said that technology is a good servant but a bad master．(总之，所有这些都影响着当今人类的行为方式。没有科技的进步，我们的生活方式就不会这么复杂。因此，有人明智地说，技术是一个好仆人，但也是一个坏主人。)”可知，技术对人们的生活有好的影响，也有一些弊端，所以可以推断最后一句话的意思是我们应该做科技的主人，很好地利用技术，而不是成为技术的奴隶，让其支配我们的生活。故选D项。]
B
Researchers from the RIKEN Guardian Robot Project in Japan have created an android(机器人)child that can convey six basic emotions．
The name of the android is Nikola, and the research behind its development tested how well people could identify the six facial expressions of sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust．
Inside Nikola's face are 29 pneumatic actuators (气动驱动器) that control the movements of artificial muscles． Another six actuators control head and eyeball movements． Pneumatic actuators are controlled by air pressure, which makes the movements silent and smooth． The team placed the actuators based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), which has been used extensively to study facial expressions．
Typically, studies of emotions, particularly how people react to emotions, have a problem． It is difficult to do a properly controlled experiment with live people interacting, but at the same time, looking at photos or videos of people is less natural, and reactions aren't the same． “The hope is that with androids like Nikola, we can have our cake and eat it too，” says Sato． “We can control every aspect of Nikola's behavior, and at the same time study live interactions．”
To achieve this, the team had to first see if Nikola's facial expressions were understandable． The result showed that a person certified in FACS scoring was able to identify each facial action unit, which meant that Nikola's facial movements accurately resembled a real human's． It also demonstrated that everyday people could recognize the six emotions in Nikola's face． With that said, some emotions like disgust proved more difficult to identify due to Nikola's silicone skin being less elastic (弹性的) than real human skin． This meant that the android couldn't form wrinkles very well．
“Androids that can emotionally communicate with us will be useful in a wide range of real-life situations, such as caring for older people, and can promote human wellbeing，” says Sato．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本RIKEN卫报机器人项目的研究人员制造了一个能够表达六种基本情绪的机器人儿童。这个机器人的名字叫Nikola，同时这项研究测试了人们如何识别悲伤、快乐、恐惧、愤怒、惊讶和厌恶的六种面部表情。
4．What do we know about Nikola's emotional changes
A．They take place with strange noises．
B．They are conducted through air pressure．
C．They are controlled by 29 pneumatic actuators．
D．They are limited to head and eyeball movements．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inside Nikola's face are 29 pneumatic actuators that control the movements of artificial muscles． Another six actuators control head and eyeball movements．
Pneumatic actuators are controlled by air pressure, which makes the movements silent and smooth．(在Nikola的脸内部有29个气动驱动器，控制人造肌肉的运动。另外六个驱动器控制头部和眼球的运动。气动阀由气压控制，使运动安静平稳。)”可知，Nikola的情绪变化是由气动阀来控制的，而气动阀由气压控制，由此可知，Nikola的情绪变化是由气压控制的。故选B。]
5．What does Sato mean by saying “We can have our cake and eat it too” in paragraph 3
A．We can celebrate our success by eating cakes．
B．We can have interactions with Nikola naturally．
C．We can study Nikola's photos or videos very easily．
D．We can do a controlled experiment with live interactions．
√
D [推理判断题。根据第三段中“It is difficult to do a properly controlled experiment with live people interacting, but at the same time, looking at photos or videos of people is less natural, and reactions aren't the same． ‘The hope is that with androids like Nikola, we can have our cake and eat it too，’ says Sato． (要做一个适当控制的实验，让活生生的人互动是很困难的，但同时，观看人们的照片或视频就不那么自然了，反应也不一样。佐藤说：‘我们的希望是，有了像Nikola这样的机器人，我们可以have our cake and eat it too。’)”和“We can control every aspect of Nikola's behavior, and at the same time study live interactions．(我们可以控制Nikola行为的方方面面，同时研究现场互动。)”可知，Nikola让做可控的实验和现场互动成为可能，由此可知，“We can have our cake and eat it too”意思是我们可以做一个实时交互的对照实验。故选D。]
6．What does Nikola need improving according to paragraph 4
A．Its muscles． B．Its actuators．
C．Its skin material． D．Its scoring system．
C [推理判断题。根据第四段中“With that said, some emotions like disgust proved more difficult to identify due to Nikola's silicone skin being less elastic than real human skin．(尽管如此，由于Nikola硅胶皮肤的弹性不如真人皮肤，像厌恶这样的情绪更难辨别。)”可推知，Nikola需要改善它的皮肤材料。故选C。]
√
7．What can be the best title for the text
A．Will Robots Ever Have Emotions
B．Nikola: A New Near-human Machine
C．How Can We Read Robots' Facial Expressions
D．An Android Kid Successfully Conveys Basic Emotions
√
D [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Researchers from the RIKEN Guardian Robot Project in Japan have created an android child that can convey six basic emotions． The name of the android is Nikola, and the research behind its development tested how well people could identify the six facial expressions of sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust．(日本RIKEN的守护者机器人项目的研究人员制造了一个能够传达六种基本情绪的机器人儿童。这个机器人的名字叫Nikola，这项研究测试了人们如何识别悲伤、快乐、恐惧、愤怒、惊讶和厌恶的六种面部表情。)”可知，文章主要介绍了日本研究人员制造出一种能表达六种基本情绪的机器人儿童，D项“一个机器人孩子成功地传达了基本的情感”适合作文章标题。故选D。]
Ⅳ．阅读七选五
How to Be the Best Sports Parent
When you are the parent of a child who loves, and is good at sports, it can be easy to push them too hard to achieve their goals or to go completely the other way and be too loose． It can be stressful if you are a sports parent looking to do your best．
Give them more independence
If you want your sports-loving child to really achieve their full potential, you need to learn how to loosen the reins (缰绳) a little． The more independence you can give your child, the better they will be able to experiment with techniques． 2 As long as they are not in any danger, it will be a great life lesson for them．
Encourage academic studies
When your child is the best gymnast on the team, it is easy to pin all your hopes on that, but even if your child does get to be a sporting success, having a solid academic education behind them will give them more options if they should not wish to pursue sports． 3 That will help them to succeed even more effectively in their sports．
Have fun
As a family, you should make a point of having as much fun together as possible on and off the field． You can go to games, then go out for pizzas, see a movie, and play board games． 4 Not only that, but if you show your child that academic performance is equally as important as sports, it will help to take some of the pressure off them too．
5 However, if you love them, nurture their talent and let them have lots of fun times among the training, you can probably strike the right balance for them, and for you as a parent too．
A．No matter what, you just enjoy being together．
B．Be the kind of person you would like them to be．
C．Smart kids are also better at working out techniques．
D．Being the parent of a talented sports girl or boy can be tough．
E．Here are a few things that might help you to get the balance right．
F．Many parents miss out on the joy of seeing their kids succeed at present．
G．They might take a wrong turn, but that will just help to build their character．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章就“如何成为最好的体育家长”列举了一些可能有助于你保持平衡的事情。
1．E [空格处是段落尾句，且下文都是小标题式的段落，由此可知空格处起到承上启下的作用。根据上文“When you are the parent of a child who loves, and is good at sports, it can be easy to push them too hard to achieve their goals or to go completely the other way and be too loose． It can be stressful if you are a sports parent looking to do your best．(当你的孩子热爱并擅长体育运动时，你很容易为了实现他们的目标而对他们施加太大的压力，或者完全相反，太放松。如果你是一个希望做到最好的体育家长，你会感到压力很大。)”及下文提出的几条建议可知，空格处是对下文建议的引出，结合选项可知，选项E． Here are a few things that might help you to get the balance right．(这里有一些建议可能会帮助你获得正确的平衡。)与上述分析一致。故选E。]
2．G [根据空格所在的段落小标题“Give them more independence(给他们更多的独立性)”可知，本段主要围绕“给孩子独立性”展开。根据空格前一句“The more independence you can give your child, the better they will be able to experiment with techniques．(你能给孩子越多的独立性，他们就越能尝试各种技巧。)”和空格后一句“As long as they are not in any danger, it will be a great life lesson for them．(只要他们没有任何危险，这对他们来说将是一堂伟大的人生课。)”可知，家长要多给孩子一些可以独立的机会，不要顾虑太多。结合选项可知，选项G． They might take a wrong turn, but that will just help to build their character．(他们可能会走一个错误的方向，但这将有助于塑造他们的性格。)与本段话题一致，且衔接上下文自然。故选G。]
3．C [根据下文“That will help them to succeed even more effectively in their sports．(这将有助于他们在运动中更有效地取得成功。)”可知，空格处内容要与下文中的“That”指代一致。结合选项可知，选项C．Smart kids are also better at working out techniques．(聪明的孩子也更善于锻炼技术。)衔接上下文自然，且能与下文“That”指代一致。故选C。]
4．A [根据本段的主题“Have fun”及上文“You can go to games, then go out for pizzas, see a movie, and play board games．(你们可以去玩游戏，然后出去吃比萨，看电影，玩棋盘游戏。)”可知，吃比萨，看电影，玩棋盘游戏等都可以算作是娱乐活动。结合选项可知，选项A．No matter what, you just enjoy being together．(不管怎样，享受在一起的时光。)与此处话题一致且衔接上下文自然。故选A。]
5．D [本文就“如何成为最好的体育家长”列举了一些可能有助于你保持平衡的建议。空格所在的段落对本文做最后的总结，结合选项可知，选项D．Being the parent of a talented sports girl or boy can be tough．(做一个有天赋的运动女孩或男孩的父母可能很不容易。)与本文首段主题能够呼应，且下文“However, if you love them, nurture their talent and let them have lots of fun times among the training, you can probably strike the right balance for them, and for you as a parent too．(但如果你爱他们，培养他们的天赋，让他们在训练中有很多有趣的时光，你可能可以为他们，也为你作为父母找到正确的平衡。)”对选项D的内容进行进一步补充说明。故选D。]
THANKSPeriod 3 语言知识讲练(Reading and Thinking)
1．subscribe vi．认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
(1)subscribe to 同意；赞同；订购；捐款
subscribe...to... 在……上签署……；向……捐……
(2)subscriber n． 订阅人，订购者；定期捐款者
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①If you ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs, then why not subscribe ________ it
②Most of people subscribed ________ the idea that childhood is the happiest period in our life．
③你认为他们会同意这个解决方案吗？
Do you think they _________________________________________________？
2．suspect vt．& vi，怀疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
(1)suspect that... 怀疑……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)
suspect sb．to be... 怀疑某人是……
suspect sb． of (doing) sth． 怀疑某人(做)某事
(2)a murder suspect 谋杀嫌疑人
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①We suspected the man ________ (be) a cheat at first but it turned out that we were wrong．
②The man was suspected ________ throwing stones at the car and was taken away by the police．
③我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他从不怀疑我们会实现自己的梦想。
The person I respect most is my English teacher，who __________________．(suspect that...)
＝The person I respect most is my English teacher，who _________________．(suspect sb． of...)
3．blame vt．把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
(1)blame sb． for (doing) sth． 因(做)某事责备某人
blame sth． on... 把某事归咎于……
be to blame (for sth．) (对某事)负有责任
(2)take the blame for 对……承担责任
put/lay/place the blame for sth． on...
把某事归咎于……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级
①There is no doubt that the terrible earthquake was ________ (blame) for such severe ruins．
②After investigating, the police blamed the traffic accident ________ Jack's careless driving．
③Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network．
→________________________________________________________， Alice was in low spirits．(过去分词短语作状语)
[名师点津] 在be to blame (for sth．)短语中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
4．link n．联系；纽带 vt．把……连接起来；相关联
(1)There is a link between...and... ……与……之间有联系
(2)link...with/to... 将……和……联系或连接起来
be linked to... 与……有联系/有关
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Your innovations should ________ (link) to our school life and be able to make our life better and more convenient．
②New research has linked eating alone ________ a variety of mental and physical conditions．
③健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems ________________ bad eating habits and a lack of exercise．
5．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt．& vi．(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
(1)on the decrease/increase 正在减少/增加
(2)decrease in... 在……方面减少
decrease to... 减少到……
decrease by... 减少了……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①________ (decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials．
②Not enough sleep will have an impact on our health, leading to a decrease ________ learning efficiency．
③由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。
Because of human activities, the number of rare animals ________________．(decrease n．)
＝Because of human activities, the number of rare animals ____________．(decrease v．)
6．transform vt．使改观；使改变形态vi．改变；转变
(1)transform...into... 把……变成……
transform...from... 从……转变；转化
(2)transformation n． 改观；改革；转变
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级
①The magician transformed the handkerchief ________ a bird with all the audience focusing on his performance．
②The visit to Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall opened our eyes to the continuous ________ (transform) of the ancient city．
③The village has been transformed into a small town and it takes on a new look now．
→___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________(过去分词短语作状语)
1．so...that...如此……以至于……
[教材P2] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days．
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
[句式分析] so/such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there．
在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至我们禁不住想知道还要多久才能到达那里。
so＋that...
such＋that...
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①The situation was ________ severe at that time that we had to take urgent measures．
②She is ________ a lovely girl that all people know her and love her very much．
③这相机这么贵，我买不起。
This is __________________________________________________ I can't afford it．
＝______________________________________________________ I can't afford it．
2．have sth． done结构
[教材P2] It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day．
这位妇女似乎非常喜欢(饮用)从水泵抽上来的水，她每天都让人(从那里)送水到她家。
[句式分析] 本句中的“had it delivered to her house”是have sth． done结构。
The boy had his leg broken in the match yesterday．
在昨天的比赛中，这个男孩的腿受伤了。
(1)have sth． done 请(让)别人做某事；经历或遭遇某情况
(2)have sb．/sth． doing... 让某人/物一直做……
(3)have sb． do... 让某人做……
(4)have sth． to do 有某事要做
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级
①You'd better have that bad tooth ________ (pull) out as the doctor required．
②They seem glad to have people ________ (visit) these small animals．
③She didn't have the courage ________ (refuse) the invitation by her boss．
④Training for the basketball game can strengthen both our body and teamwork．
→Training for the basketball game can _______________________________．(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．We suspected him ________ (be) a cheat at first, but it turned out that we were wrong in the end．
2．However, your employee refused to make an apology to me, and claimed that he was not ________ (blame)．
3．Ice shelves in the Antarctic will decrease ________ more than 7，200 square miles each year in the next four decades．
4．All the scientists present at the forum subscribe ________ the view that global warming is mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels．
5．Through this activity, I learned how ________ (transform) my way of thinking．
6．________ (link) arms with one of the lifeguards, I helped pull the young man out of the water．
7．He went out to have his smartphone ________ (repair), which was broken yesterday．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．如图表所示，野生动物的种类在过去的三十年里急剧减少。
As is shown in the chart, the kinds of wild animals ________________ in the past three decades．
2．在过去的十年里，这家公司从一个家族企业变成了一家大型跨国公司。
In the past decade, this company has been transformed ________________________ a large multi-national company．
3．我们大多数人都赞同吸烟与肺癌之间有关系这一观点。
Most of us subscribe to the idea that there is ________________________．
4．你是一个如此成功的商人，学生们都渴望知道你的故事和经历。
You are ________________________ the students are eager to know your stories and experiences．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Cholera used to be one of the most feared 1．________ (disease) in the world．When young, John Snow became 2．________ (frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera．He desired 3．________ (destroy) cholera once and for all．He thought cholera was caused by an 4．________ (infect) from germs in food or water．Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate by 5．________ (mark) on a map the exact places where all those 6．________ died had lived．At last, John Snow found that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste．Through Snow's tireless efforts, the threat of cholera around the world saw 7．________ substantial decrease．However, cholera is still a problem．Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks 8．________ the work of John Snow．Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow 9．________ (transform) the way scientists study diseases．For this reason, Snow 10．________ (consider) the father of modern epidemiology．
Period 3
核心词汇
1．①to ②to ③would subscribe to the solution
2．①to be ②of ③never suspects that we can achieve our dreams；never suspects us of achieving our dreams
3．①to blame ②on ③Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network
4．①be linked ②with/to ③are closely linked to
5．①To decrease ②in ③is on the decrease；is decreasing
6．①into ②transformation ③Transformed into a small town, the village takes on a new look now．
句法句式
1．①so ②such ③so expensive a camera/such an expensive camera that；So expensive a camera/Such an expensive camera is this that
2．①pulled ②visit ③to refuse ④have both our body and teamwork strengthened
巩固落实
Ⅰ．1．to be 2．to blame 3．by 4．to 5．to transform 6．Linking 7．repaired
Ⅱ．1．have decreased sharply 2．from a family business into 3．a link between smoking and lung cancer 4．such a successful businessman that
Ⅲ．1．diseases 2．frustrated 3．to destroy
4．infection 5．marking 6．who 7．a 8．to 9．transformed 10．is considered
1 / 6课时分层作业(一)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．Customs officials have made a series of ________ (相互矛盾的) statements about the equipment．
2．If you give people ________ (数量多的) opportunities to lie, they will start with little lies which get bigger over time．
3．Almost every interview I've ever had was due to a connection—one that I've gained through ________ (纯的) determination．
4．She was designed to improve her ability to ________ (处理) conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor bad ideas．
5．It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win ________ (大量的) support outside super-liberal areas．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．According to experts, taking long-term courses of certain medicines may increase vulnerability to ________ (infect)．
2．If you ________ (suspect) that the workplace had gotten more stressful than it was just a few decades ago, you're right．
3．The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December ________ unseasonably warm weather．
4．Studies of children who were isolated from others reveal that their psychological development is ________ (severe) affected．
5．Research shows that communicating with others promotes health, whereas social isolation ________ (link) to stress, disease, and early death．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
A
Technology affects the way individuals communicate, learn, and think． It helps society and determines how people interact with each other on a daily basis． It has positive and negative effects on the world and it impacts daily life． We are living in a time when technological advancements are common． However, with technological advancements, there's a downside (弊端) to it all．
One aspect of technology that has had a great impact on society is how it affects learning． It's made learning more interactive, which helps people better understand the material that they are learning and have trouble with． Also, it gets people better access to resources． With the creation of the Internet, it gives us access to information at a twenty-four-hour rate and you have access to almost anything online． In addition, it allows students to get work done easier． It also expands the boundaries of the classroom, encouraging self-paced learning． People can access learning through websites and social media． This helps students learn better than sitting down for lectures and reading from textbooks． These technological advancements have made learning more fun and convenient．
Besides, the technological advancements have also helped keep people safe and healthy． There are many apps on phones for people to monitor their weight, the calories they intake, heart rate and other health properties (属性) any time of the day． There's increased accessibility of treatment available, there's the change in healthcare that adds benefits for the elderly, and there're hospitals using advanced technology within their surgical rooms．
However, studies show that mobile communication affects people in a negative way when it comes to being sociable and making face-to-face contact． Mobile technology can decrease communication and relations between people． There's less personal time, because you're always in contact with someone． Also, it can be distracting from your schoolwork． There is also loss of privacy, because anyone can find you anywhere, at any time of the day．
In conclusion, all of these things impact how humans act today． Without technological advancements, our way of life would not be as complex． Thus, it has been wisely said that technology is a good servant but a bad master．
1．Which of the following is a downside of technological advancements
A．Interactive learning methods．
B．Accessible learning resources．
C．Monitored health properties．
D．Decreased face-to-face meetups．
2．What's the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 2
A．widens B．narrows
C．shortens D．contracts
3．What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage
A．It is wise to be mastered by technology．
B．Technology is good at serving but bad at mastering us．
C．Humans can totally survive with or without technology．
D．We'd better make technology serve rather than control us．
B
Researchers from the RIKEN Guardian Robot Project in Japan have created an android(机器人)child that can convey six basic emotions． The name of the android is Nikola, and the research behind its development tested how well people could identify the six facial expressions of sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust．
Inside Nikola's face are 29 pneumatic actuators (气动驱动器) that control the movements of artificial muscles． Another six actuators control head and eyeball movements． Pneumatic actuators are controlled by air pressure, which makes the movements silent and smooth． The team placed the actuators based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), which has been used extensively to study facial expressions．
Typically, studies of emotions, particularly how people react to emotions, have a problem． It is difficult to do a properly controlled experiment with live people interacting, but at the same time, looking at photos or videos of people is less natural, and reactions aren't the same． “The hope is that with androids like Nikola, we can have our cake and eat it too，” says Sato． “We can control every aspect of Nikola's behavior, and at the same time study live interactions．”
To achieve this, the team had to first see if Nikola's facial expressions were understandable． The result showed that a person certified in FACS scoring was able to identify each facial action unit, which meant that Nikola's facial movements accurately resembled a real human's． It also demonstrated that everyday people could recognize the six emotions in Nikola's face． With that said, some emotions like disgust proved more difficult to identify due to Nikola's silicone skin being less elastic (弹性的) than real human skin． This meant that the android couldn't form wrinkles very well．
“Androids that can emotionally communicate with us will be useful in a wide range of real-life situations, such as caring for older people, and can promote human wellbeing，” says Sato．
4．What do we know about Nikola's emotional changes
A．They take place with strange noises．
B．They are conducted through air pressure．
C．They are controlled by 29 pneumatic actuators．
D．They are limited to head and eyeball movements．
5．What does Sato mean by saying “We can have our cake and eat it too” in paragraph 3
A．We can celebrate our success by eating cakes．
B．We can have interactions with Nikola naturally．
C．We can study Nikola's photos or videos very easily．
D．We can do a controlled experiment with live interactions．
6．What does Nikola need improving according to paragraph 4
A．Its muscles． B．Its actuators．
C．Its skin material． D．Its scoring system．
7．What can be the best title for the text
A．Will Robots Ever Have Emotions
B．Nikola: A New Near-human Machine
C．How Can We Read Robots' Facial Expressions
D．An Android Kid Successfully Conveys Basic Emotions
Ⅳ．阅读七选五
How to Be the Best Sports Parent
When you are the parent of a child who loves, and is good at sports, it can be easy to push them too hard to achieve their goals or to go completely the other way and be too loose． It can be stressful if you are a sports parent looking to do your best． 1
Give them more independence
If you want your sports-loving child to really achieve their full potential, you need to learn how to loosen the reins (缰绳) a little． The more independence you can give your child, the better they will be able to experiment with techniques． 2 As long as they are not in any danger, it will be a great life lesson for them．
Encourage academic studies
When your child is the best gymnast on the team, it is easy to pin all your hopes on that, but even if your child does get to be a sporting success, having a solid academic education behind them will give them more options if they should not wish to pursue sports． 3 That will help them to succeed even more effectively in their sports．
Have fun
As a family, you should make a point of having as much fun together as possible on and off the field． You can go to games, then go out for pizzas, see a movie, and play board games． 4 Not only that, but if you show your child that academic performance is equally as important as sports, it will help to take some of the pressure off them too．
5 However, if you love them, nurture their talent and let them have lots of fun times among the training, you can probably strike the right balance for them, and for you as a parent too．
A．No matter what, you just enjoy being together．
B．Be the kind of person you would like them to be．
C．Smart kids are also better at working out techniques．
D．Being the parent of a talented sports girl or boy can be tough．
E．Here are a few things that might help you to get the balance right．
F．Many parents miss out on the joy of seeing their kids succeed at present．
G．They might take a wrong turn, but that will just help to build their character．
课时分层作业(一)
Ⅰ．1．contradictory 2．multiple 3．pure 4．handle
5．substantial
Ⅱ．1．infection 2．suspected 3．on 4．severely 5．is linked
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D A D B D C D
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5
E G C A D
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科技发展对世界的积极和消极的影响。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第四段的“However, studies show that mobile communication affects people in a negative way when it comes to being sociable and making face-to-face contact． Mobile technology can decrease communication and relations between people．(然而，研究表明，当涉及社交和面对面交流时，移动通信会对人们产生负面影响。移动技术会减少人与人之间的交流和关系。)”可知，技术进步的弊端就是减少了人们面对面的交流。故选D项。]
2．A [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句上下文“In addition, it allows students to get work done easier...．People can access learning through websites and social media．(此外，它让学生更容易完成作业。……人们可以通过网站和社交媒体来学习。)”可知，该部分主要讲述科技进步对学生学习的益处。结合“It also expands the boundaries of the classroom, encouraging self-paced learning．(它还扩大了课堂的范围，鼓励自主学习。)”中的“encouraging self-paced learning”可知，科技的进步让学生能够自主学习，从而可以推断应该是科技拓宽了学生获得知识的途径，学生不只局限于在传统的课堂上获得知识，所以此处指“(技术)扩大了课堂的范围”，expand应该是“拓宽，扩大”的意思，和widen词义接近。故选A项。]
3．D [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In conclusion, all of these things impact how humans act today． Without technological advancements, our way of life would not be as complex． Thus, it has been wisely said that technology is a good servant but a bad master．(总之，所有这些都影响着当今人类的行为方式。没有科技的进步，我们的生活方式就不会这么复杂。因此，有人明智地说，技术是一个好仆人，但也是一个坏主人。)”可知，技术对人们的生活有好的影响，也有一些弊端，所以可以推断最后一句话的意思是我们应该做科技的主人，很好地利用技术，而不是成为技术的奴隶，让其支配我们的生活。故选D项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本RIKEN卫报机器人项目的研究人员制造了一个能够表达六种基本情绪的机器人儿童。这个机器人的名字叫Nikola，同时这项研究测试了人们如何识别悲伤、快乐、恐惧、愤怒、惊讶和厌恶的六种面部表情。
4．B [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inside Nikola's face are 29 pneumatic actuators that control the movements of artificial muscles． Another six actuators control head and eyeball movements． Pneumatic actuators are controlled by air pressure, which makes the movements silent and smooth．(在Nikola的脸内部有29个气动驱动器，控制人造肌肉的运动。另外六个驱动器控制头部和眼球的运动。气动阀由气压控制，使运动安静平稳。)”可知，Nikola的情绪变化是由气动阀来控制的，而气动阀由气压控制，由此可知，Nikola的情绪变化是由气压控制的。故选B。]
5．D [推理判断题。根据第三段中“It is difficult to do a properly controlled experiment with live people interacting, but at the same time, looking at photos or videos of people is less natural, and reactions aren't the same． ‘The hope is that with androids like Nikola, we can have our cake and eat it too，’ says Sato． (要做一个适当控制的实验，让活生生的人互动是很困难的，但同时，观看人们的照片或视频就不那么自然了，反应也不一样。佐藤说：‘我们的希望是，有了像Nikola这样的机器人，我们可以have our cake and eat it too。’)”和“We can control every aspect of Nikola's behavior, and at the same time study live interactions．(我们可以控制Nikola行为的方方面面，同时研究现场互动。)”可知，Nikola让做可控的实验和现场互动成为可能，由此可知，“We can have our cake and eat it too”意思是我们可以做一个实时交互的对照实验。故选D。]
6．C [推理判断题。根据第四段中“With that said, some emotions like disgust proved more difficult to identify due to Nikola's silicone skin being less elastic than real human skin．(尽管如此，由于Nikola硅胶皮肤的弹性不如真人皮肤，像厌恶这样的情绪更难辨别。)”可推知，Nikola需要改善它的皮肤材料。故选C。]
7．D [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Researchers from the RIKEN Guardian Robot Project in Japan have created an android child that can convey six basic emotions． The name of the android is Nikola, and the research behind its development tested how well people could identify the six facial expressions of sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust．(日本RIKEN的守护者机器人项目的研究人员制造了一个能够传达六种基本情绪的机器人儿童。这个机器人的名字叫Nikola，这项研究测试了人们如何识别悲伤、快乐、恐惧、愤怒、惊讶和厌恶的六种面部表情。)”可知，文章主要介绍了日本研究人员制造出一种能表达六种基本情绪的机器人儿童，D项“一个机器人孩子成功地传达了基本的情感”适合作文章标题。故选D。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章就“如何成为最好的体育家长”列举了一些可能有助于你保持平衡的事情。
1．E [空格处是段落尾句，且下文都是小标题式的段落，由此可知空格处起到承上启下的作用。根据上文“When you are the parent of a child who loves, and is good at sports, it can be easy to push them too hard to achieve their goals or to go completely the other way and be too loose． It can be stressful if you are a sports parent looking to do your best．(当你的孩子热爱并擅长体育运动时，你很容易为了实现他们的目标而对他们施加太大的压力，或者完全相反，太放松。如果你是一个希望做到最好的体育家长，你会感到压力很大。)”及下文提出的几条建议可知，空格处是对下文建议的引出，结合选项可知，选项E． Here are a few things that might help you to get the balance right．(这里有一些建议可能会帮助你获得正确的平衡。)与上述分析一致。故选E。]
2．G [根据空格所在的段落小标题“Give them more independence(给他们更多的独立性)”可知，本段主要围绕“给孩子独立性”展开。根据空格前一句“The more independence you can give your child, the better they will be able to experiment with techniques．(你能给孩子越多的独立性，他们就越能尝试各种技巧。)”和空格后一句“As long as they are not in any danger, it will be a great life lesson for them．(只要他们没有任何危险，这对他们来说将是一堂伟大的人生课。)”可知，家长要多给孩子一些可以独立的机会，不要顾虑太多。结合选项可知，选项G． They might take a wrong turn, but that will just help to build their character．(他们可能会走一个错误的方向，但这将有助于塑造他们的性格。)与本段话题一致，且衔接上下文自然。故选G。]
3．C [根据下文“That will help them to succeed even more effectively in their sports．(这将有助于他们在运动中更有效地取得成功。)”可知，空格处内容要与下文中的“That”指代一致。结合选项可知，选项C．Smart kids are also better at working out techniques．(聪明的孩子也更善于锻炼技术。)衔接上下文自然，且能与下文“That”指代一致。故选C。]
4．A [根据本段的主题“Have fun”及上文“You can go to games, then go out for pizzas, see a movie, and play board games．(你们可以去玩游戏，然后出去吃比萨，看电影，玩棋盘游戏。)”可知，吃比萨，看电影，玩棋盘游戏等都可以算作是娱乐活动。结合选项可知，选项A．No matter what, you just enjoy being together．(不管怎样，享受在一起的时光。)与此处话题一致且衔接上下文自然。故选A。]
5．D [本文就“如何成为最好的体育家长”列举了一些可能有助于你保持平衡的建议。空格所在的段落对本文做最后的总结，结合选项可知，选项D．Being the parent of a talented sports girl or boy can be tough．(做一个有天赋的运动女孩或男孩的父母可能很不容易。)与本文首段主题能够呼应，且下文“However, if you love them, nurture their talent and let them have lots of fun times among the training, you can probably strike the right balance for them, and for you as a parent too．(但如果你爱他们，培养他们的天赋，让他们在训练中有很多有趣的时光，你可能可以为他们，也为你作为父母找到正确的平衡。)”对选项D的内容进行进一步补充说明。故选D。]
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