(共46张PPT)
Period 4
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
主题语境
人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)
表语从句
一、概念
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语的身份或特征。
二、表语从句的引导词
1．that引导表语从句，在句子中无意义，不充当句子成分，不可省略。
The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus．
问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。
The trouble is that we haven't found enough proof to prove him to be guilty．
麻烦的是我们还没有找到足够的证据来证明他有罪。
2．whether引导表语从句，不充当句子成分，意为“是否”，不能与if互换。
The question is whether your parents will subscribe to your plan to travel to Shanghai this summer holiday．
问题是你的父母是否同意你这个暑假去上海旅行的计划。
3．连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which引导表语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
The problem is who is willing to defend for the suspect in the court．
问题是谁愿意在法庭上为这个犯罪嫌疑人辩护。
4．连接副词引导表语从句
Rome can be pricey for travellers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel．
罗马对于游客来说费用高昂，这就是很多人选择住旅社的原因。
What is the most important is how we can balance exercise and study．
最为重要的是我们该如何平衡锻炼和学习。
“As you can see，Mark treasured it very much，”he added．That was when I cried．
“正如你所看到的，马克很珍惜它。”他补充道。就在那时我哭了。
That's where the famous astronomer disagreed．
那就是这个著名的天文学家不同意的地方。
5．because，as if/as though等引导表语从句
That's because you don't know how to handle this kind of crisis．
那是因为你不知道如何应对这类危机。
Look at the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain．
看看天空！看起来好像要下雨了。
三、注意事项
1．why和because引导的表语从句的区别。两者都可引导表语从句，前者强调结果，常构成that's why...句式，意为“那是……的原因”；后者强调原因，常构成that's because...句式，意为“那是因为……”。
I didn't phone her, and that's why she got angry with me．
我没有给她打电话，那就是她生我的气的原因。(强调生气这一结果)
I didn't phone her, and that's because I got angry with her．
我没有给她打电话，那是因为我生她的气了。(强调没打电话的原因)
2．reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因时，后面的表语从句表示原因时，要用that来引导，而不是because。
The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes．
每年需要重复注射的原因是该病毒会发生变化。
3．在表语从句中，主句中的主语为order、request、advice、suggestion、proposal、idea等表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等意义的名词时，表语从句要使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow．
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
[即时训练] 单句语法填空
①The question is _______ I should go to the cinema with him, or go shopping with her．
②My question is ____ we should start making preparations for the party right now．
③Obviously, that was _____ she did this morning on her way to her office．
④The reason why he failed the final exam was ____ he hadn't made good use of time．
whether
that
what
that
⑤His suggestion is that another meeting ______________ (hold) to discuss the problem．
⑥That's ____ I strongly recommend it to anyone who loves reading in their daily life．
⑦The reason why he was fired was ____ he was suspected of stealing the computer．
(should) be held
why
that
短文语境填空
It seemed 1．____ everyone knew Wendy was a famous writer，but the question confusing people was 2．______ she came from and 3．_______ she was born in 1961． What they did know was 4．____ she was loved by poor people． That's 5．________ she always helped whoever was in need of money． The question was 6．_____ she started doing this． Wendy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame． The reason why they thought in this way was
that
where
whether
that
because
when
7．____ they didn't understand her，but what Wendy never minded was 8．____ others thought of her． That's 9．___ she was not angry． She just wanted to do whatever she thought was right． She thought that was 10．______ the meaning of life lied．
that
how
why
where
①aerospace n．[U]航空航天工业
②have a great impact on... 对……影响很大
③patriotic adj．爱国的
④devotion n．[U，sing．]献身，奉献，忠诚；挚爱
⑤well-respected adj．备受尊重的
课下预习 第二篇课文(Using Language)
⑥mechanical engineering n．[U]机械工程学
mechanical adj．机械的
⑦switch...to... 将……转变为……
⑧aviation n．[U]航空制造业；航空
⑨air force n．[C]空军
⑩defend vt．& vi．保卫；防守 vt．辩解
over the course of 在……期间
course [熟词生义]n．[sing．]进展，进程
a pioneer in... ……方面的带头人/先驱/先锋
jet n．[C]喷气式飞机
graduate assistant 研究生助理
assistant n．[C]助理，助手 adj．副的，助理的
conduct research into/on... 开展/进行……的研究
propulsion n．[U]推动力，推进
overcome the difficulties 克服困难
in charge of 主管；掌管
missile n．[C]导弹
undeveloped adj．未开发的；不发达的
nevertheless adv．然而；尽管如此
discourage sb．from doing sth． 阻止某人做某事
take on the challenge 接受挑战(＝take up/accept the challenge)
take on 承担(责任)；决定做；同意负责
under one's leadership 在某人的领导下
leadership n．[U]领导；领导地位；领导才能
trace back to 追溯到
earn the name of... 赢得……的名声
name [熟词生义]n．[usually sing．]名誉，名声，名气
knowledgeable adj．博学的，有见识的，知识渊博的
frontier [熟词生义]n．[C，usually pl．](尤指知识的)前沿；(学科或活动的)尖端，边缘
outstanding adj．优秀的；杰出的；明显的
deep appreciation for... 对……深厚的鉴赏力
appreciation n．[U]欣赏
sadden vt．使悲伤，使难过
honour vt．尊敬；给予表扬 n．[C]荣誉；[U]尊敬；尊重
THE FATHER OF CHINA's AEROSPACE①
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on②[1] China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen．Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with“great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic③and served his homeland with effort，achievement, and devotion④ [2]，Qian was an extremely well-respected⑤ man．
[1]“否定词＋比较级”结构，该结构表示最高级含义。
[2]过去分词短语described by the...devotion作状语；其中who was patriotic...devotion为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a man。with“great scientific thought and scientific spirit”为介宾短语作定语。
Born in Shanghai in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering⑥．However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to⑦aviation⑧ because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force⑨ to protect and defend⑩ the country．
Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies．Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology． As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s，Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion ，and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA's leading space-exploration centres．
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US，Qian returned to China in 1955．He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme[3]．
At that time，China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped ． No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China．Nevertheless ， Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge ．When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make[4]．”
Under Qian's leadership ， China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets[5]．In 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ， from a Long March rocket． Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecrafts can also be traced back to Qian's research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China's aerospace”．
[3]not only...but also...连接介词短语in charge of的两个宾语。
[4]that 引导定语从句修饰the same things。
[5]过去分词短语作伴随状语。
Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable ， especially in the area of frontier science research．However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist[6] was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing．His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research．
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian's death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways．
[6]what 引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，其中含有“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
中国航天之父
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献、成就斐然。
钱学森1911年出生于上海，在北京上学，后考入上海交通大学学习铁道机械工程。然而，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森决定改学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保卫国家。
1935年，钱学森赴美攻读研究生。在二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成了美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。20世纪30年代，钱学森担任加州理工学院的研究生助理，协助开展火箭推进领域的重要研究工作。20世纪40年代，他和其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室。现在这个实验室是美国国家航空航天局领先的太空探索中心之一。
在美国的最后几年，钱学森克服了一些困难后，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，他不仅受命负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹项目。 当时，中国很贫穷，火箭技术也不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，也没有这一领域的人才或专家。尽管如此，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。当被问及“我们中国人能制造出导弹吗？”时，他的回答非常坚决：“为什么不能？别人能做到的事情，我们中国人一样能做到。”
在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国成功地用“长征”火箭发射了本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭背后的大部分技术也都可以追溯到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森赢得了“中国航天之父”的称号。
钱学森博览群书，知识渊博，尤其是在前沿科学研究领域。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力常常给他的科学研究带来灵感。
2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们用各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。
①gifted adj．有天才的；有天赋的；天资聪慧的
②come down with sth． 患(病)；染上(小病)
③abstract adj．抽象的
④achieve/win fame 获得/赢得名声
⑤the steady state theory 稳恒态理论
steady adj．稳定的；平衡的；稳步的
⑥hold vt．持有(观点或信念等)；认为
⑦the big bang theory 大爆炸理论
⑧champion n．[C]拥护者；捍卫者
⑨concept n．[C]概念；观念
⑩the question and answer period 问答环节
maths n．[U]运算，计算
astronomer n．[C]天文学家
astronomy n．[U]天文学
telescope n．[C]望远镜
besides prep．除……之外(还)(相当于apart from)adv．而且；此外
brilliant adj．聪颖的
furthermore adv．此外，再者(＝moreover，what's more)
fight against 与……的斗争
above all 最重要的是；尤其是
admit one's fault 承认某人的错误
fault n．[U]过错；[C]弱点；缺点
odd adj．奇怪的；怪异的；反常的
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted① scientists in physics．Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk[1]．Since he came down with② a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles[2], his world became one of abstract③ thought．
[1] 介宾短语in his wheelchair，形容词短语unable to move及动词-ing形式短语using a computer to talk都作定语，修饰images of him。
[2]since 引导时间状语从句，该从句中又包含一个which引导的定语从句，修饰a disease。
Hawking first achieved fame④ when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964．In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe．The first was the steady state theory⑤， which holds⑥ that the universe has no beginning or end[3]．The other was the big bang theory⑦， which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space． The biggest champion⑧ of the steady state concept⑨ was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge．During the question and answer period⑩ after one of Hoyle's lectures, Hawking stood up and pointed out
that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths ．Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true．Hawking's own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes ．A star was born．
[3]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the steady state theory。that the universe...or end为that引导的宾语从句，作holds的宾语。
So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius Besides being brilliant ，he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did[4]．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say[5], and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about[6]．Furthermore ， he was quite determined．This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease．Above all ， Hawking was willing to admit his faults ．This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries．
[4]此处为though引导的让步状语从句的省略，将其补充完整则是“though he was sometimes careless in what he said or did”。
[5]what引导宾语从句，作say的宾语。
[6]what引导的宾语从句，作of的宾语。
一个纯思维的世界
史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名、最有天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑说话的样子。自从他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界就变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他还是剑桥大学物理学研究生，身体健康，行动自如。总的来说，关于宇宙的起源有两大理论：一种是稳恒态理论，该理论认为宇宙无始无终；另一种是大爆炸理论，该理论认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。剑桥大学教授弗雷德·霍伊尔是稳恒态概念的最大拥护者。在霍伊尔的一次讲座结束后的问答环节中，霍金站了起来，指出霍伊尔在计算中犯了一个错误。当该计算问题得到修正时，它表明大爆炸理论才是正确的，而非稳恒态理论。霍金本人对大爆炸理论的研究很快就被天文学家用望远镜证实了。一位新星就此诞生。
那么，是什么让史蒂芬·霍金成为一名天才的呢？除了才华横溢以外，他还很勇敢，尽管有时言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为一名科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承认自己的缺点。这些性格特点的奇特组合使他成为20世纪和21世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
THANKSPeriod 4 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)
表语从句
一、概念
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语的身份或特征。
二、表语从句的引导词
1．that引导表语从句，在句子中无意义，不充当句子成分，不可省略。
The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus．
问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。
The trouble is that we haven't found enough proof to prove him to be guilty．
麻烦的是我们还没有找到足够的证据来证明他有罪。
2．whether引导表语从句，不充当句子成分，意为“是否”，不能与if互换。
The question is whether your parents will subscribe to your plan to travel to Shanghai this summer holiday．
问题是你的父母是否同意你这个暑假去上海旅行的计划。
3．连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which引导表语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
The problem is who is willing to defend for the suspect in the court．
问题是谁愿意在法庭上为这个犯罪嫌疑人辩护。
4．连接副词引导表语从句
Rome can be pricey for travellers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel．
罗马对于游客来说费用高昂，这就是很多人选择住旅社的原因。
What is the most important is how we can balance exercise and study．
最为重要的是我们该如何平衡锻炼和学习。
“As you can see，Mark treasured it very much，”he added．That was when I cried．
“正如你所看到的，马克很珍惜它。”他补充道。就在那时我哭了。
That's where the famous astronomer disagreed．
那就是这个著名的天文学家不同意的地方。
5．because，as if/as though等引导表语从句
That's because you don't know how to handle this kind of crisis．
那是因为你不知道如何应对这类危机。
Look at the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain．
看看天空！看起来好像要下雨了。
三、注意事项
1．why和because引导的表语从句的区别。两者都可引导表语从句，前者强调结果，常构成that's why...句式，意为“那是……的原因”；后者强调原因，常构成that's because...句式，意为“那是因为……”。
I didn't phone her, and that's why she got angry with me．
我没有给她打电话，那就是她生我的气的原因。(强调生气这一结果)
I didn't phone her, and that's because I got angry with her．
我没有给她打电话，那是因为我生她的气了。(强调没打电话的原因)
2．reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因时，后面的表语从句表示原因时，要用that来引导，而不是because。
The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes．
每年需要重复注射的原因是该病毒会发生变化。
3．在表语从句中，主句中的主语为order、request、advice、suggestion、proposal、idea等表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等意义的名词时，表语从句要使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow．
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
[即时训练] 单句语法填空
①The question is ________ I should go to the cinema with him, or go shopping with her．
②My question is ________ we should start making preparations for the party right now．
③Obviously, that was ________ she did this morning on her way to her office．
④The reason why he failed the final exam was ________ he hadn't made good use of time．
⑤His suggestion is that another meeting ________ (hold) to discuss the problem．
⑥That's ________ I strongly recommend it to anyone who loves reading in their daily life．
⑦The reason why he was fired was ________ he was suspected of stealing the computer．
短文语境填空
It seemed 1．________ everyone knew Wendy was a famous writer，but the question confusing people was 2．________ she came from and 3．________ she was born in 1961． What they did know was 4．________ she was loved by poor people． That's 5．________ she always helped whoever was in need of money． The question was 6．________ she started doing this． Wendy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame． The reason why they thought in this way was 7．________ they didn't understand her，but what Wendy never minded was 8．________ others thought of her． That's 9．________ she was not angry． She just wanted to do whatever she thought was right． She thought that was 10．________ the meaning of life lied．
第二篇课文(Using Language)
①aerospace n．[U]航空航天工业
②have a great impact on...对……影响很大
③patriotic adj．爱国的
④devotion n．[U，sing．]献身，奉献，忠诚；挚爱
⑤well-respected adj．备受尊重的
⑥mechanical engineering n．[U]机械工程学
mechanical adj．机械的
⑦switch...to...将……转变为……
⑧aviation n．[U]航空制造业；航空
⑨air force n．[C]空军
⑩defend vt．& vi．保卫；防守 vt．辩解
over the course of 在……期间
course [熟词生义]n．[sing．]进展，进程
a pioneer in...……方面的带头人/先驱/先锋
jet n．[C]喷气式飞机
graduate assistant 研究生助理
assistant n．[C]助理，助手 adj．副的，助理的
conduct research into/on...开展/进行……的研究
propulsion n．[U]推动力，推进
overcome the difficulties 克服困难
in charge of 主管；掌管
missile n．[C]导弹
undeveloped adj．未开发的；不发达的
nevertheless adv．然而；尽管如此
discourage sb．from doing sth． 阻止某人做某事
take on the challenge接受挑战(＝take up/accept the challenge)
take on承担(责任)；决定做；同意负责
under one's leadership 在某人的领导下
leadership n．[U]领导；领导地位；领导才能
trace back to 追溯到
earn the name of...赢得……的名声
name [熟词生义]n．[usually sing．]名誉，名声，名气
knowledgeable adj．博学的，有见识的，知识渊博的
frontier [熟词生义]n．[C，usually pl．](尤指知识的)前沿；(学科或活动的)尖端，边缘
outstanding adj．优秀的；杰出的；明显的
deep appreciation for...对……深厚的鉴赏力
appreciation n．[U]欣赏
sadden vt．使悲伤，使难过
honour vt．尊敬；给予表扬 n．[C]荣誉；[U]尊敬；尊重
THE FATHER OF CHINA's AEROSPACE①
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on②[1] China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen．Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with“great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic③and served his homeland with effort，achievement, and devotion④ [2]，Qian was an extremely well-respected⑤ man．
[1]“否定词＋比较级”结构，该结构表示最高级含义。
[2]过去分词短语described by the...devotion作状语；其中who was patriotic...devotion为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a man。with“great scientific thought and scientific spirit”为介宾短语作定语。
Born in Shanghai in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering⑥．However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to⑦aviation⑧ because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force⑨ to protect and defend⑩ the country．
Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies．Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology． As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s，Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion ，and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA's leading space-exploration centres．
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US，Qian returned to China in 1955．He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme[3]．At that time，China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped ． No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China．Nevertheless ， Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge ．When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make[4]．”
Under Qian's leadership ， China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets[5]．In 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ， from a Long March rocket． Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecrafts can also be traced back to Qian's research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China's aerospace”．
[3]not only...but also...连接介词短语in charge of的两个宾语。
[4]that 引导定语从句修饰the same things。
[5]过去分词短语作伴随状语。
Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable ， especially in the area of frontier science research．However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist[6] was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing．His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research．
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian's death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways．
[6]what 引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，其中含有“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
中国航天之父
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献、成就斐然。
钱学森1911年出生于上海，在北京上学，后考入上海交通大学学习铁道机械工程。然而，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森决定改学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保卫国家。
1935年，钱学森赴美攻读研究生。在二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成了美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。20世纪30年代，钱学森担任加州理工学院的研究生助理，协助开展火箭推进领域的重要研究工作。20世纪40年代，他和其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室。现在这个实验室是美国国家航空航天局领先的太空探索中心之一。
在美国的最后几年，钱学森克服了一些困难后，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，他不仅受命负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹项目。 当时，中国很贫穷，火箭技术也不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，也没有这一领域的人才或专家。尽管如此，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。当被问及“我们中国人能制造出导弹吗？”时，他的回答非常坚决：“为什么不能？别人能做到的事情，我们中国人一样能做到。”
在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国成功地用“长征”火箭发射了本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭背后的
大部分技术也都可以追溯到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森赢得了“中国航天之父”的称号。
钱学森博览群书，知识渊博，尤其是在前沿科学研究领域。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力常常给他的科学研究带来灵感。
2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们用各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。
①gifted adj．有天才的；有天赋的；天资聪慧的
②come down with sth． 患(病)；染上(小病)
③abstract adj．抽象的
④achieve/win fame 获得/赢得名声
⑤the steady state theory 稳恒态理论
steady adj．稳定的；平衡的；稳步的
⑥hold vt．持有(观点或信念等)；认为
⑦the big bang theory 大爆炸理论
⑧champion n．[C]拥护者；捍卫者
⑨concept n．[C]概念；观念
⑩the question and answer period 问答环节
maths n．[U]运算，计算
astronomer n．[C]天文学家
astronomy n．[U]天文学
telescope n．[C]望远镜
besides prep．除……之外(还)(相当于apart from)adv．而且；此外
brilliant adj．聪颖的
furthermore adv．此外，再者(＝moreover，what's more)
fight against 与……的斗争
above all最重要的是；尤其是
admit one's fault 承认某人的错误
fault n．[U]过错；[C]弱点；缺点
odd adj．奇怪的；怪异的；反常的
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted① scientists in physics．Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk[1]．Since he came down with② a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles[2], his world became one of abstract③ thought．
[1] 介宾短语in his wheelchair，形容词短语unable to move及动词-ing形式短语using a computer to talk都作定语，修饰images of him。
[2]since 引导时间状语从句，该从句中又包含一个which引导的定语从句，修饰a disease。
Hawking first achieved fame④ when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964．In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe．The first was the steady state theory⑤， which holds⑥ that the universe has no beginning or end[3]．The other was the big bang theory⑦， which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space． The biggest champion⑧ of the steady state concept⑨ was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge．During the question and answer period⑩ after one of Hoyle's lectures, Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths ．Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true．Hawking's own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes ．A star was born．
[3]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the steady state theory。that the universe...or end为that引导的宾语从句，作holds的宾语。
So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius Besides being brilliant ，he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did[4]．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say[5], and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about[6]．Furthermore ， he was quite determined．This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease．Above all ， Hawking was willing to admit his faults ．This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries．
[4]此处为though引导的让步状语从句的省略，将其补充完整则是“though he was sometimes careless in what he said or did”。
[5]what引导宾语从句，作say的宾语。
[6]what引导的宾语从句，作of的宾语。
一个纯思维的世界
史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名、最有天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑说话的样子。自从他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界就变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他还是剑桥大学物理学研究生，身体健康，行动自如。总的来说，关于宇宙的起源有两大理论：一种是稳恒态理论，该理论认为宇宙无始无终；另一种是大爆炸理论，该理论认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。剑桥大学教授弗雷德·霍伊尔是稳恒态概念的最大拥护者。在霍伊尔的一次讲座结束后的问答环节中，霍金站了起来，指出霍伊尔在计算中犯了一个错误。当该计算问题得到修正时，它表明大爆炸理论才是正确的，而非稳恒态理论。霍金本人对大爆炸理论的研究很快就被天文学家用望远镜证实了。一位新星就此诞生。
那么，是什么让史蒂芬·霍金成为一名天才的呢？除了才华横溢以外，他还很勇敢，尽管有时言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为一名科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承认自己的缺点。这些性格特点的奇特组合使他成为20世纪和21世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
Period 4
单元语法
[即时训练]
①whether ②that ③what ④that ⑤(should) be held ⑥why ⑦that
巩固落实
1．that 2．where 3．whether 4．that 5．because
6．when 7．that 8．how 9．why 10．where
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