(共50张PPT)
Period 4
UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES
主题语境
人与社会——跨文化沟通
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)
(1)motivate sb．to do sth． 激励某人做某事
(2)be motivated by 受……激励；出于……动机
(3)motivation n． 动力；积极性；动机
one's motivation for doing sth． 某人做某事的动机
(4)motivated adj． 积极的；主动的
1．motivate vt．成为……的动机；激发；激励
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①When communicating with your child，always maintain your sense of humor and pleasant mood to motivate him __________ (continue) speaking．
②Creativity is the most important quality to keep students interested and _________ (motivate)．
to continue
motivated
③Without __________ (motivate), you can neither set a goal nor reach it．
④这个项目的目的是激励公众保护我们的环境。
The purpose of this project is to__________________________ our environment．
motivation
motivate the public to protect
(1)in (the) expectation of 期望……
beyond expectations 出乎意料
(2)expect vt． 期望；指望；预料
expect (sb．) to do sth． 期待/料想(某人)做某事
(3)expected adj． 预期的
2．expectation n．期望；预期；期待
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Anne left Germany ___ the expectation of seeing her family again before very long．
②We didn't think John would do well, but he has succeeded _______ expectations．
③我申请这个职位是希望多于期待。
___________________________________________________________
in
beyond
I applied for the post more in hope than expectation．
名词性从句
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组)，它在复合句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的类别
1．主语从句
主语从句是指在复合句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。
What you should keep in mind is that most students feel nervous like you．
你应记住的是大部分学生像你一样感到紧张。
Whether we can win the contest or not doesn't matter as long as we try our best．
只要我们尽了最大努力，能否赢得比赛并不重要。
[名师点津] 如主语从句较长，可以使用it 作形式主语，把主语从句后置。
It is said that many amateur athletes from all over the city will participate．
据说，来自全市的很多业余选手将会参加。
2．宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词或一些形容词的宾语。
You asked me to share with you what I was doing in this situation．
你让我和你分享一下我在这一情况下所做的事情。
I suggest that you should participate in this competition，which is really a good opportunity．
我建议你参加这个比赛，这确实是一个好机会。
[名师点津] 带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。
The class size makes it more possible that we can engage in classroom activities．
班级规模使我们参与课堂活动更有可能。
3．表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。
We will visit some places of interest，which is what we have been longing for．
我们将参观一些名胜古迹，这是我们梦寐以求的。
It appears that there are two reasons：lack of exercise and an unbalanced diet．
这似乎有两个原因：缺乏锻炼和饮食不均衡。
4．同位语从句
在复合句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有fact, news，hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought，question, promise, order, belief, word，information, proof, doubt, possibility等。
The news that he has been admitted to Peking University is exciting．
他被北京大学录取了的消息真是令人激动。
二、名词性从句的连接词
1．连接词that
that引导从句时，本身无意义，在从句中不充当成分。但是that在引导主语从句和表语从句时，一般不能省略。
That China won 9 gold medals in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics made all of us proud．
中国在2022年北京冬奥会上荣获9枚金牌，这让我们很自豪。
2．连接词whether和if
连接词whether/if在从句中意为“是否”，不充当成分，一般不能省略。
Please let me know whether the time is suitable for you and I am open to suggestions as well．
请告诉我这个时间是否适合你，欢迎你提出建议。
[名师点津] whether和if有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether而不用if：
①引导主语从句并放在句首时；
②引导表语从句、同位语从句时；
③引导介词后的宾语从句时；
④从句后有“or not”时；
⑤后接动词不定式时。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question．
月球上是否有生命是个有趣的问题。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test．
问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。
3．疑问词who, whom, whose, what，which，where，why，when，how
疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是：
(1)疑问词保留自己的疑问含义；
(2)疑问词在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语；
(3)这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
Do you know whom they are looking for
你知道他们在找谁吗？
I don't know who did it．
我不知道是谁做的。
4．whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever
whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法中whatever，whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever＝anything that，whoever＝anyone who。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind．
我会想到什么就说什么。
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished．
无论谁违反了这些规则都将受到处罚。
[即时训练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The question remains _______ they will be able to help us．
②_____ I have achieved in English learning makes my mother quite delighted．
③____ the earth moves around the sun is known to all．
④Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is _____ is generally called a gap year．
⑤What worries me most is ____ we can make him feel at home．
whether
What
That
what
how
⑥我被他所做的事深深感动了，泪水止不住地流了下来。
___________________________________，tears rolling down without control．
⑦最重要的是我们从来没有丧失过继续努力的热情。
____________________________ we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying．
⑧我是否参加这次英语演讲比赛还要看情况。
It remains to be seen __________________________________________
_______．
I was deeply moved by what he had done
What is the most important is that
whether I will participate in the English speech
contest
短文语境填空
What happened in my restaurant today was unbelievable． This afternoon a poorly dressed gentleman came into my restaurant． Nobody knew 1．____ he was． 2．_____ surprised us was that he finished two orders of food in a very limited time． We wondered 3．____ he was so hungry． There was some doubt 4．_______ the man was able to pay the bill． The gentleman asked 5．__________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes． Then we were shocked to see 6．____ he took
who
What
why
whether
if/whether
that
out of an envelope—a million pound bank note． I heard the news 7．____ two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England． Hence, 8．_____ the gentleman showed us couldn't be a fake． 9．_____ a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people here． I really couldn't describe 10．____ thrilled I was．
that
what
That
how
①a dramatic increase 急剧增加
dramatic adj．巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的
②economic pressure 经济压力
③tuition fees 学费
④living expenses 生活费用
expense n．费用；花费；开销
课下预习 第二篇课文(Using Language)
⑤end up... 以……告终
⑥cost(sb．)an arm and a leg (使某人)花一大笔钱
⑦tremendous pressure 巨大的压力
tremendous adj．巨大的；极大的
⑧behave vi．& vt．表现得体；有礼貌 vt．表现
⑨surroundings n．[pl．]环境；周围的事物
⑩mature adj．成熟的
depressed adj．沮丧的；意志消沉的
encounter problems 遇到问题
encounter n．& vt．遭遇 vt．与……邂逅
approach to... 意为“……的方法”，后接动词-ing形式、名词或代词。
boom vi．& n． 迅速发展；繁荣
contribute to... 为……做贡献
strengthen vi．& vt．加强；增强；巩固
to sum up 总之；概括地说
deny vt．否认；否定；拒绝
optimistic adj．乐观的
gain vt．获得；赢得；取得；增加 n．[C]好处；[C，U]增加
change sb．for the better 使某人向好的方向改变
deal with all kinds of difficulties by oneself 独自处理各种困难
gain a global perspective 获得全球视野
perspective n．[C](思考问题的)角度；观点
general competence 综合能力
competence n．[C，U]能力；胜任；[C]本领
cultural exchange 文化交流
cultural envoy 文化使者
envoy n．[C]使者；使节；代表
cooperate with... 与……合作
cooperate vi．合作；协作；配合
view the world from different angles 从不同的角度看世界
angle n．[C]角；角度；立场
China's global outlook 中国的全球前景
outlook n．[C，usually sing．]前景；可能性；观点
the Belt and Road Initiative“一带一路”倡议
initiative n．[C]倡议；新方案
organisational skills 组织能力
strong cultural awareness 强烈的文化意识
build character 塑造品格
worthwhile adj．值得花时间(或金钱、努力等)
sincerely adv．真诚地；诚实地
STUDYING ABROAD: IS IT A GOOD OR A BAD IDEA
Dear Editor，
In the past few decades, there has been a dramatic increase① in the number of people studying abroad[1]．Although studying abroad can bring great benefits, I think the disadvantages for young people are greater．
［1］动词(-ing)形式短语作后置定语。
To begin with, many students who study abroad face great economic pressure②．That means studying abroad is just not possible for everyone．Tuition fees③ and living expenses④ are much more expensive than at home and could end up⑤ costing most families an arm and a leg⑥．Studying in China is much more convenient and can help save money．
Another important factor to consider is the tremendous pressure⑦that comes with studying abroad．Students must learn how to live in an unfamiliar environment with limited language skills．Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave⑧ in new surroundings⑨．Other students are not mature⑩ enough to handle the challenges by themselves and may become depressed ．Some students might even encounter problems with personal safety．In addition, different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock to many students．
A final point to consider is that while studying abroad does have potential benefits, young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to! As China has boomed [2], the educational environment has improved significantly, with many great universities now available．They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further strengthen our country[3]．
[2]as 引导时间状语从句。
[3]动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语，其中包含一个who引导的定语从句。
To sum up ， one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages, so when you think about studying abroad, you should consider these many factors．
Kind regards，
Wang Li (mother of twin girls)
Dear Editor，
Is studying abroad a good idea or not There are certainly disadvantages，but in my opinion, the advantages are much greater．As I always tell my son[4]，there are no great difficulties for a person who is brave, optimistic ， and willing to work hard!
[4]as引导非限制性定语从句，其指代的是“there are...work hard”。
The first advantage of studying abroad is personal growth．The education you gain and the experiences you have will change you for the better ．For example, you will certainly become more independent because you will have to deal with all kinds of difficulties by yourself ．
Studying abroad also helps you to gain a global perspective and improve your general competence ．
Another advantage is the increased chance for cultural exchange ．
Chinese students can be seen as cultural envoys promoting friendship between nations[5]．International students in China also bring their colourful cultures here．Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture．
[5]动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰cultural envoys。
Finally, studying abroad provides a great opportunity to contribute to the development of our motherland[6]．China's global outlook ， with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative ， has helped us make connections across the world．Therefore, China needs more talented young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with languages，have leadership and organisational skills ， and have strong cultural awareness [7]． Students who study abroad will develop such skills and abilities, and these in turn will provide them with better career opportunities．
[6]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰opportunity。
[7]who引导定语从句，修饰young people。
All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people's understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all[8]．I think this life-changing experience is certainly worthwhile ， and I hope my child will study abroad in the future．
Sincerely yours，
Zhang Yi (father of one boy)
[8]“连词＋动词-ing形式”结构。strengthening...和building...的逻辑主语为studying abroad。
留学：好主意，还是坏主意？
尊敬的编辑：
在过去几十年里，留学人数急剧增长。尽管留学大有裨益，但我认为，留学对于年轻人来说弊大于利。
首先，许多留学生面临着巨大的经济压力，这意味着并非每个人都有留学的可能。学费和生活开销比国内贵多了，多数家庭最终可能会花费一大笔钱。而在中国读书则更加方便，还能省钱。
需要考虑的另一个重要因素是留学所带来的巨大压力。学生必须学会靠有限的语言技能在一个陌生的环境中生活。在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些学生可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。另一些学生则还不够成熟，无法独自应付各种挑战，因而可能感到苦闷。有些学生甚至会遭遇人身安全问题。此外，不同的教和学的方式对很多学生来说也是一种冲击。
最后要考虑的一点是：尽管留学有诸多潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同样未来可期！随着中国的蓬勃发展，教育环境已大为改观，优质大学比比皆是。这些高校拥有一流的设施和杰出的教授，助力培养为经济做贡献、进一步增强我国实力的年轻人。
总之，出国留学有不利的一面，这个事实是不可否认的，因此当你想要去海外求学时，应当考虑上述诸多因素。
谨致问候！
王丽(一对双胞胎女孩的母亲)
尊敬的编辑：
留学是个好主意还是坏主意呢？留学当然有其弊端，但我认为利大于弊。正如我一直告诫我儿子的那样，对勇敢、乐观、愿意拼搏的人来说，世上无难事！
留学的第一个好处就是个人成长。你获得的教育和拥有的经历将有助于你提升自我。例如，由于你需要独自应对各种困难，你一定会变得更加独立。留学还有助于你获得全球视野，提升综合能力。
留学的另一个好处是获得更多文化交流的机会。中国留学生可被视为增进国际友谊的文化使者。在华的外国留学生也带来他们丰富多彩的文化。与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的视角看待世界，进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。
最后，留学是为祖国的发展做出贡献的好机会。中国“一带一路”倡议等项目的全球前景帮助我们与世界建立联系。因此，中国
需要更多有才能、有国际视野、语言能力极强、具有领导力和组织能力、拥有强烈文化意识的年轻人。海外求学的学生能够培养这类技能，而这些技能反过来又将为他们带来更好的就业机会。
总而言之，留学有助于塑造品格，增进人们对文化多样性的理解，同时增强中国实力，打造人类命运共同体。我认为这改变一生的经历当然是值得的，我希望我的孩子将来去国外留学。
此致
敬礼！
张毅(一个男孩的父亲)
THANKSPeriod 4 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)
1．motivate vt．成为……的动机；激发；激励
(1)motivate sb．to do sth． 激励某人做某事
(2)be motivated by 受……激励；出于……动机
(3)motivation n． 动力；积极性；动机
one's motivation for doing sth． 某人做某事的动机
(4)motivated adj． 积极的；主动的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①When communicating with your child，always maintain your sense of humor and pleasant mood to motivate him ________ (continue) speaking．
②Creativity is the most important quality to keep students interested and ________ (motivate)．
③Without ________ (motivate), you can neither set a goal nor reach it．
④这个项目的目的是激励公众保护我们的环境。
The purpose of this project is to ________________ our environment．
2．expectation n．期望；预期；期待
(1)in (the) expectation of 期望……
beyond expectations 出乎意料
(2)expect vt． 期望；指望；预料
expect (sb．) to do sth． 期待/料想(某人)做某事
(3)expected adj． 预期的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Anne left Germany ________ the expectation of seeing her family again before very long．
②We didn't think John would do well, but he has succeeded ________ expectations．
③我申请这个职位是希望多于期待。
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
名词性从句
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组)，它在复合句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的类别
1．主语从句
主语从句是指在复合句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。
What you should keep in mind is that most students feel nervous like you．
你应记住的是大部分学生像你一样感到紧张。
Whether we can win the contest or not doesn't matter as long as we try our best．
只要我们尽了最大努力，能否赢得比赛并不重要。
[名师点津] 如主语从句较长，可以使用it 作形式主语，把主语从句后置。
It is said that many amateur athletes from all over the city will participate．
据说，来自全市的很多业余选手将会参加。
2．宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词或一些形容词的宾语。
You asked me to share with you what I was doing in this situation．
你让我和你分享一下我在这一情况下所做的事情。
I suggest that you should participate in this competition，which is really a good opportunity．
我建议你参加这个比赛，这确实是一个好机会。
[名师点津] 带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。
The class size makes it more possible that we can engage in classroom activities．
班级规模使我们参与课堂活动更有可能。
3．表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。
We will visit some places of interest，which is what we have been longing for．
我们将参观一些名胜古迹，这是我们梦寐以求的。
It appears that there are two reasons：lack of exercise and an unbalanced diet．
这似乎有两个原因：缺乏锻炼和饮食不均衡。
4．同位语从句
在复合句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有fact, news，hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought，question, promise, order, belief, word，information, proof, doubt, possibility等。
The news that he has been admitted to Peking University is exciting．
他被北京大学录取了的消息真是令人激动。
二、名词性从句的连接词
1．连接词that
that引导从句时，本身无意义，在从句中不充当成分。但是that在引导主语从句和表语从句时，一般不能省略。
That China won 9 gold medals in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics made all of us proud．
中国在2022年北京冬奥会上荣获9枚金牌，这让我们很自豪。
2．连接词whether和if
连接词whether/if在从句中意为“是否”，不充当成分，一般不能省略。
Please let me know whether the time is suitable for you and I am open to suggestions as well．
请告诉我这个时间是否适合你，欢迎你提出建议。
[名师点津] whether和if有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether而不用if：
①引导主语从句并放在句首时；
②引导表语从句、同位语从句时；
③引导介词后的宾语从句时；
④从句后有“or not”时；
⑤后接动词不定式时。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question．
月球上是否有生命是个有趣的问题。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test．
问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。
3．疑问词who, whom, whose, what，which，where，why，when，how
疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是：
(1)疑问词保留自己的疑问含义；
(2)疑问词在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语；
(3)这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
Do you know whom they are looking for
你知道他们在找谁吗？
I don't know who did it．
我不知道是谁做的。
4．whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever
whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法中whatever，whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever＝anything that，whoever＝anyone who。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind．
我会想到什么就说什么。
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished．
无论谁违反了这些规则都将受到处罚。
[即时训练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The question remains ________ they will be able to help us．
②________ I have achieved in English learning makes my mother quite delighted．
③________ the earth moves around the sun is known to all．
④Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is ________ is generally called a gap year．
⑤What worries me most is ________ we can make him feel at home．
⑥我被他所做的事深深感动了，泪水止不住地流了下来。
________________________，tears rolling down without control．
⑦最重要的是我们从来没有丧失过继续努力的热情。
________________________ we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying．
⑧我是否参加这次英语演讲比赛还要看情况。
It remains to be seen ________________________________．
短文语境填空
What happened in my restaurant today was unbelievable． This afternoon a poorly dressed gentleman came into my restaurant． Nobody knew 1．________ he was． 2．________ surprised us was that he finished two orders of food in a very limited time． We wondered 3．________ he was so hungry． There was some doubt 4．________ the man was able to pay the bill． The gentleman asked 5．________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes． Then we were shocked to see 6．________ he took out of an envelope—a million pound bank note． I heard the news 7．________ two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England． Hence, 8．________ the gentleman showed us couldn't be a fake． 9．________ a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people here． I really couldn't describe 10．________ thrilled I was．
第二篇课文(Using Language)
①a dramatic increase急剧增加
dramatic adj．巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的
②economic pressure经济压力
③tuition fees学费
④living expenses生活费用
expense n．费用；花费；开销
⑤end up...以……告终
⑥cost(sb．)an arm and a leg(使某人)花一大笔钱
⑦tremendous pressure巨大的压力
tremendous adj．巨大的；极大的
⑧behave vi．& vt．表现得体；有礼貌 vt．表现
⑨surroundings n．[pl．]环境；周围的事物
⑩mature adj．成熟的
depressed adj．沮丧的；意志消沉的
encounter problems遇到问题
encounter n．& vt．遭遇 vt．与……邂逅
approach to...意为“……的方法”，后接动词-ing形式、名词或代词。
boom vi．& n． 迅速发展；繁荣
contribute to...为……做贡献
strengthen vi．& vt．加强；增强；巩固
to sum up总之；概括地说
deny vt．否认；否定；拒绝
optimistic adj．乐观的
gain vt．获得；赢得；取得；增加 n．[C]好处；[C，U]增加
change sb．for the better使某人向好的方向改变
deal with all kinds of difficulties by oneself 独自处理各种困难
gain a global perspective获得全球视野
perspective n．[C](思考问题的)角度；观点
general competence综合能力
competence n．[C，U]能力；胜任；[C]本领
cultural exchange文化交流
cultural envoy文化使者
envoy n．[C]使者；使节；代表
cooperate with...
与……合作
cooperate vi．合作；协作；配合
view the world from different angles 从不同的角度看世界
angle n．[C]角；角度；立场
China's global outlook中国的全球前景
outlook n．[C，usually sing．]前景；可能性；观点
the Belt and Road Initiative“一带一路”倡议
initiative n．[C]倡议；新方案
organisational skills 组织能力
strong cultural awareness强烈的文化意识
build character塑造品格
worthwhile adj．值得花时间(或金钱、努力等)
sincerely adv．真诚地；诚实地
STUDYING ABROAD: IS IT
A GOOD OR A BAD IDEA
Dear Editor，
In the past few decades, there has been a dramatic increase① in the number of people studying abroad[1]．Although studying abroad can bring great benefits, I think the disadvantages for young people are greater．
［1］动词(-ing)形式短语作后置定语。
To begin with, many students who study abroad face great economic pressure②．That means studying abroad is just not possible for everyone．Tuition fees③ and living expenses④ are much more expensive than at home and could end up⑤ costing most families an arm and a leg⑥．Studying in China is much more convenient and can help save money．
Another important factor to consider is the tremendous pressure⑦that comes with studying abroad．Students must learn how to live in an unfamiliar environment with limited language skills．Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave⑧ in new surroundings⑨．Other students are not mature⑩ enough to handle the challenges by themselves and may become depressed ．Some students might even encounter problems with personal safety．In addition, different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock to many students．
A final point to consider is that while studying abroad does have potential benefits, young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to! As China has boomed [2], the educational environment has improved significantly, with many great universities now available．They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further strengthen our country[3]．
[2]as 引导时间状语从句。
[3]动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语，其中包含一个who引导的定语从句。
To sum up ， one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages, so when you think about studying abroad, you should consider these many factors．
Kind regards，
Wang Li (mother of twin girls)
Dear Editor，
Is studying abroad a good idea or not There are certainly disadvantages，but in my opinion, the advantages are much greater．As I always tell my son[4]，there are no great difficulties for a person who is brave, optimistic ， and willing to work hard!
[4]as引导非限制性定语从句，其指代的是“there are...work hard”。
and the experiences you have will change you for the better ．For example, you will certainly become more independent because you will have to deal with all kinds of difficulties by yourself ．Studying abroad also helps you to gain a global perspective and improve your general competence ．
Another advantage is the increased chance for cultural exchange ．Chinese students can be seen as cultural envoys promoting friendship between nations[5]．International students in China also bring their colourful cultures here．Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture．
[5]动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰cultural envoys。
Finally, studying abroad provides a great opportunity to contribute to the development of our motherland[6]．China's global outlook ， with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative ， has helped us make connections across the world．Therefore, China needs more talented young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with languages，have leadership and organisational skills ， and have strong cultural awareness [7]． Students who study abroad will develop such skills and abilities, and these in turn will provide them with better career opportunities．
[6]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰opportunity。
[7]who引导定语从句，修饰young people。
All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people's understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all[8]．I think this life-changing experience is certainly worthwhile ， and I hope my child will study abroad in the future．
Sincerely yours，
Zhang Yi (father of one boy)
[8]“连词＋动词-ing形式”结构。strengthening...和building...的逻辑主语为studying abroad。
留学：好主意，还是坏主意？
尊敬的编辑：
在过去几十年里，留学人数急剧增长。尽管留学大有裨益，但我认为，留学对于年轻人来说弊大于利。
首先，许多留学生面临着巨大的经济压力，这意味着并非每个人都有留学的可能。学费和生活开销比国内贵多了，多数家庭最终可能会花费一大笔钱。而在中国读书则更加方便，还能省钱。
需要考虑的另一个重要因素是留学所带来的巨大压力。学生必须学会靠有限的语言技能在一个陌生的环境中生活。在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些学生可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。另一些学生则还不够成熟，无法独自应付各种挑战，因而可能感到苦闷。有些学生甚至会遭遇人身安全问题。此外，不同的教和学的方式对很多学生来说也是一种冲击。
最后要考虑的一点是：尽管留学有诸多潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同样未来可期！随着中国的蓬勃发展，教育环境已大为改观，优质大学比比皆是。这些高校拥有一流的设施和杰出的教授，助力培养为经济做贡献、进一步增强我国实力的年轻人。
总之，出国留学有不利的一面，这个事实是不可否认的，因此当你想要去海外求学时，应当考虑上述诸多因素。
谨致问候！
王丽(一对双胞胎女孩的母亲)
尊敬的编辑：
留学是个好主意还是坏主意呢？留学当然有其弊端，但我认为利大于弊。正如我一直告诫我儿子的那样，对勇敢、乐观、愿意拼搏的人来说，世上无难事！
留学的第一个好处就是个人成长。你获得的教育和拥有的经历将有助于你提升自我。例如，由于你需要独自应对各种困难，你一定会变得更加独立。留学还有助于你获得全球视野，提升综合能力。
留学的另一个好处是获得更多文化交流的机会。中国留学生可被视为增进国际友谊的文化使者。在华的外国留学生也带来他们丰富多彩的文化。与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的视角看待世界，进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。
最后，留学是为祖国的发展做出贡献的好机会。中国“一带一路”倡议等项目的全球前景帮助我们与世界建立联系。因此，中国需要更多有才能、有国际视野、语言能力极强、具有领导力和组织能力、拥有强烈文化意识的年轻人。海外求学的学生能够培养这类技能，而这些技能反过来又将为他们带来更好的就业机会。
总而言之，留学有助于塑造品格，增进人们对文化多样性的理解，同时增强中国实力，打造人类命运共同体。我认为这改变一生的经历当然是值得的，我希望我的孩子将来去国外留学。
此致
敬礼！
张毅(一个男孩的父亲)
Period 4
核心词汇
1．①to continue ②motivated ③motivation
④motivate the public to protect
2．①in ②beyond ③I applied for the post more in hope than expectation．
单元语法
[即时训练]
①whether ②What ③That ④what ⑤how ⑥I was deeply moved by what he had done ⑦What is the most important is that ⑧whether I will participate in the English speech contest
巩固落实
1．who 2．What 3．why 4．whether 5．if/whether
6．that 7．that 8．what 9．That 10．how
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