(共76张PPT)
Period 5
UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
主题语境
人与社会——不同民族的文化习俗
1．What is the main cause of ill health
A．Taking too much sugar．
B．Eating too much fat．
C．Having too many calories．
D．Taking less exercise．
课时练案 课文整体教学(Using Language)
√
2．In which way do people mainly take in extra sugar
A．By eating extra desserts．
B．By overeating each meal．
C．Through vegetables and sweets．
D．Through sweets and sweet drinks．
√
3．What is an ideal diet
A．One without fat．
B．One that is balanced．
C．One without sugar．
D．One with vegetables．
√
4．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4
A．What to eat to be fit．
B．When to eat each meal．
C．How to eat healthily．
D．Why eat quickly．
√
1．ideal adj．完美的；理想的；想象的 n．理想；完美的人(或事物)
①(教材原句)The ideal diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing． ___________
②Knowing him a long time, she found it hard to live up to his high ideals． _________
③It's my ideal of what a family home should be． ______________
adj．理想的
n．理想
n．完美的事物
2．make up vt．构成；形成；编造；化妆；补上
①(教材原句)There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet． _______
②Unwilling to attend the meeting, he made up some excuse about his mother being sick． _______
③Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow ______
构成
编造
补上
1．(学会断句) Besides this, it is also important /to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein /for strong bones and muscle growth．
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。it作_________，不定式短语to have...是真正的主语，as引导_____________。
[翻译]_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
形式主语
原因状语从句
此外，在你的饮食中加入一些肉类、豆类或乳制品也十分重
要，因为它们为强健骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。
2．What this means/ is/ that people /who chew too quickly/ end up eating too much food /because they still feel hungry．
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。what引导________，在从句中做宾语；that引导________，其中who引导________，修饰people；because引导____________。
[翻译]_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
主语从句
表语从句
定语从句
原因状语从句
这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感
到饥饿。
1．(应用文佳句) However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar．
然而，越来越多的证据表明，不良身体状况的真正推手并非过多的高脂食物，而是糖。
2．(续写佳句) In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether．
换言之，你要想身体健康，就必须少吃甜点，完全禁饮甜饮料。
(1)in association with... 与……合作
(2)associate v． 联系
n． 同事；伙伴
associate with sb． 与某人交往/打交道
be associated with... 和……有关
associate...with... 把……和……联系在一起
1．association n．协会；社团；关联；联系；联想；交往
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Joe is unconscious of the potential risks to health __________ (associate) with the drug．
②I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of your ___________ (associate)．
associated
association
③毫无疑问，这种疾病与不规律的生活方式密切相关。
It is out of question that this disease ______________________ the irregular lifestyle．
④这场音乐会是由艺术委员会与当地企业联合赞助的。
The concert was sponsored by the Arts Council __________________ local businesses．
is closely associated with
in association with
(1)regardless adv． 不顾；不加理会
regardless of the fact that... 不顾……的事实
(2)in spite of＝despite 尽管；不顾(后常接名词，不接从 句)
(3)with regard to 关于；至于
2．regardless of 不管；不顾
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Dr． Li was responsible and devoted to his job regardless ___ the risk of being affected．
②I feel greatly honored to deliver a speech with regard ___ the tricks of improving oral English．
③尽管有暴风雨，我们依旧准时到达了车站。
We arrived at the station on time ____________________．
＝We arrived at the station on time ________________________．
of
to
regardless of the storm
despite/in spite of the storm
[名师点津] regardless of强调“不认为……重要，从而不加以重视或考虑”，其后可以接the fact that...；其同义词despite/in spite of还有“尽管……但是”之意，其后一般不接从句。
(1)a large/small quantity of＝large/small quantities of“大/少量的”，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词；
a (large/small) quantity of后接名词作主语时，谓语常用单数形式；
(large/small) quantities of后接名词作主语时，谓语常用复数形式。
(2)in quantity 在数量上；大量地
in large quantities 大量地
3．quantity n．数量；数额
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①We are more likely to obtain __ quantity of knowledge from reading．
②Every day in hot summer, a large quantity of beer ____________ (consume)．
③Large quantities of waste water ________________ (pour) into the ocean in the past few years．
a
is consumed
have been poured
④Because of his passion for reading, he always buys books in large __________ (quantity)．
⑤得知你在打篮球方面有许多经验，我写信真诚地邀请你加入我们的篮球俱乐部。
Learning that you have ________________________________________
_________________,I'm writing to sincerely invite you to join our basketball club．
quantities
a large quantity of/large quantities of experience
in playing basketball
(1)play tricks/a trick on sb． 搞恶作剧；开某人的玩笑
取笑某人
(2)trick sb．
4．trick n．诀窍；计谋；把戏 vt．欺骗；欺诈
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①All of us hold the view that it is impolite to play tricks ___ others．
②We were tricked ____ buying a poor car, which made me very upset．
③我们应该尊重残疾人，不要在公共场合捉弄他们。
We should show respect for the disabled and don't_____________ them in public．
on
into
play tricks on
[教材P32] Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth．
此外，在你的饮食中加入一些肉类、豆类或乳制品也十分重要，因为它们为强健骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。
as引导状语从句
[句式分析] 本句中的as they provide...growth为as引导的原因状语从句。
It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit．
按时缴付电费很重要，因为晚缴可能会影响你的信用。
as 引导从句的用法：
(1)as引导原因状语从句，所表达的原因比较明显，从句多置于主句之前。
(2)as引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词表示的动作的同时性。
(3)as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”。(从句需倒装)
(4)as引导方式状语从句，意为“以……方式”。
(5)as引导比较状语从句，意为“和……一样”。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①___ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for．
②I was watching the clock all through the meeting, ___ I had a train to catch．
③Hot ___ it was, the kids played football on the playground．
As
as
as
④我对这个产品很满意，因为设计师是按照我的要求做的。
I was satisfied with the product, because the designers did_____________．
⑤为了提前准备演讲比赛，约翰和玛丽来得一样早。
In order to prepare for the speech contest in advance, John came _________________．
as I had asked
as early as Mary did
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．A variety of student ___________ (associate) are necessary, because they play an important role in our growth．
2．Learners can have access to the courses tailored for personal needs regardless __ time and space．
3．Quantities of harmful fumes ___ (be) discharged from factories, spreading in the sky and blocking the sunlight．
associations
of
are
4．Some of us entertained the elderly by singing songs and doing magic ______ (trick)．
5．_____ regard to the player, he is popular with the public both home and abroad．
tricks
With
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．是你们不顾潜在的危险，拼命抢救那些被困在火灾中的人。
It was you who, __________________________,desperately rescued those trapped in the fire．
2．我的饮食包含大量的水果和绿色蔬菜，它们可以为我提供必需的维生素。
My diet contains ________________________________,which can provide me with necessary vitamins．
regardless of the potential risk
quantities of fruit and green vegetables
3．这种行为可能是随着狗逐渐学会避免与人类发生冲突而受益演变而来的。
This behaviour may have evolved ______________________ they could benefit from avoiding conflicts with humans．
4．为了准备这个惊喜，我们设法骗她离开房子一段时间。
In order to prepare for the surprise, we managed to _________________ the house for some time．
as dogs gradually learned
trick her into leaving
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
More and more evidence shows that the real driver of poor health is sugar，1．______ exists mainly in sweets and sweet drinks we take every day．Those who receive 25% of their 2．_____ (day) calories from sweets and sweet drinks are more likely to die 3．_____ heart disease．So scientists recommend that we limit 4．_________ (we) to less than 100—150 calories a day from sugar．That is to say, we should eat less than a candy bar a day．Instead, we should consume different 5．__________ (category) of fresh fruit and vegetables．As with everything in life, moderation is key．The 6．_____ (idea) diet is a balanced one, without too much 7．__ too little of any one thing．
which
daily
from
ourselves
categories
ideal
or
8．______ (eat) slowly is also a fundamental key to being healthy, because it will cause us to eat little and it allows your body to digest your food 9．______ (good)．It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather 10．____ to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next．
Eating
better
than
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．The information you receive, especially when ideas are repeated in ___________ (关联) with achievements you find attractive, refines your attitudes．
2．It's true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, __________ (不顾) of whether it's a new one or not．
课时分层作业(八)
association
regardless
3．Music shops should arrange their recordings in simple alphabetical order, rather than by ________ (种类)．
4．The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than ________ (数量) of years．
5．I knew she had some ___________ (根本的) problems in her marriage because she had confided in me a year earlier．
category
quantity
fundamental
Ⅱ．选词填空
regardless of; quantities of; make up; cut down on; end up
1．If they can't find the suitable way to learn, the weakest students can _______ with a negative score．
2．Most of us know we should ___________ fat, but knowing such things isn't much help when it comes to eating．
3．We need one more person to ________ a team．
end up
cut down on
make up
4．____________ the weather, the food delivery workers always deliver the meal to us on time．
5．Many of the world's most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce very small ___________ greenhouse gas emissions．
Regardless of
quantities of
Ⅲ．阅读理解
Tomatoes were first planted in 700 AD by Aztecs and Incas． Explorers returning from Mexico introduced the tomato into Europe, where it was first mentioned in 1556． The French called it “the apple of love”，the Germans “the apple of paradise(乐园)”．
Tomatoes are rich in vitamins A and C and fiber，and are cholesterol(胆固醇)free． An average size tomato (148 grams or so) has only 35 calories． Furthermore, new medical research suggests that the consumption of lycopene(番茄红素), the stuff that makes tomatoes red，may prevent cancer． Besides, the fruit now appears to have two more health giving benefits． Protection against sunburn and helping keep the skin looking youthful are the latest pluses, a study has found．
Professor Mark Birch-Machin said tomatoes could provide a cheap and easy way of improving health． Researchers at Manchester and Newcastle universities recommend two tomato-based meals a day for health． Possible menus include a glass of tomato juice with breakfast and a salad later or tomato soup for lunch and pasta(意大利面)with a tomato sauce for dinner．
To test the fruit's ability to protect the skin，ten volunteers were asked to eat five tablespoons of tomato paste mixed with olive oil every day for three months． Another ten had a daily dose of olive oil—minus the tomato paste． The tests showed the tomato-eaters were a third better protected against sunburn at the end of the study than at the start, the British Society for Investigative Dermatology's annual conference heard．
The researchers stressed, however, that their findings were not an excuse to throw away the sun cream． Professor Lesley Rhodes, a Manchester University dermatologist, said: “People should not think tomatoes in any way can replace sun creams but they may be a good additive．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了吃西红柿的好处。
1．Why does the writer talk about the history of tomatoes in paragraph 1
A．To lead in the topic．
B．To raise a concern．
C．To introduce a question．
D．To make a statement．
√
A [推理判断题。根据第一段“Tomatoes were first planted in 700 AD by Aztecs and Incas． Explorers returning from Mexico introduced the tomato into Europe, where it was first mentioned in 1556．(西红柿在公元700年由阿兹特克人和印加帝国的人首次种植。从墨西哥回来的探险者们把西红柿介绍给了欧洲，在那里西红柿首次被提到是在1556年。)”可知，第一段是在介绍西红柿的相关历史信息，引入西红柿这个话题。故选A。]
2．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2
A．The components of tomatoes．
B．The benefits of tomatoes．
C．The latest findings of tomatoes．
D．The functions of tomatoes on patients．
√
B [段落大意题。根据第二段“Tomatoes are rich in vitamins A and C and fiber，and are cholesterol free． An average size tomato (148 grams or so) has only 35 calories． Furthermore, new medical research suggests that the consumption of lycopene, the stuff that makes tomatoes red，may prevent cancer． Besides, the fruit now appears to have two more health giving benefits． Protection against sunburn and helping keep the skin looking youthful are the latest pluses, a study has found．(西红柿富含维生素A和C，还有纤维素，并且不含胆固醇。一般大小的西红柿(大约148克)只有35卡能量。而且新的医学研究表明吃番茄红素——让西红柿成为红色的东西，可能会预防癌症。此外，这种水果现在似乎还有两种利于健康的作用。一项研究表明，防止晒伤和帮助皮肤看起来年轻是最新的优点。)”可知，这一段主要在介绍西红柿的好处。故选B。]
3．What is the best way to keep the skin looking youthful
A．Eating more tomatoes．
B．Using more sun cream．
C．Staying inside as often as possible．
D．Using sun cream and eating tomatoes．
√
D [细节理解题。根据第二段的“Protection against sunburn and helping keep the skin looking youthful are the latest pluses, a study has found．(一项研究表明，防止晒伤和帮助皮肤看起来年轻是最新的优点。)”和最后一段的“People should not think tomatoes in any way can replace sun creams(人们不应该认为西红柿可以取代防晒霜)”可知，让皮肤显得年轻最好的方法是吃西红柿和涂防晒霜。故选D。]
4．How do the researchers test tomatoes' ability to protect the skin against sunburn
A．By giving an example．
B．By setting up a database．
C．By making a comparison．
D．By analyzing possible reasons．
√
C [推理判断题。根据第四段“The tests showed the tomato-eaters were a third better protected against sunburn at the end of the study than at the start(测试结果显示，在研究结束时，吃番茄的人比研究开始时防晒伤的能力提高了三分之一)”可知，他们是通过对比的方式来测验西红柿的防晒能力的。故选C。]
Ⅳ．完形填空
I am very lucky because I enjoy my work very much． I'm a fitness instructor at a gym near where I live． I 1 six aerobics(有氧运动) classes a week and also tell my students about 2 and nutrition． As they say, “You are what you 3 ．”
To be honest, I worry about the 4 that many people have today． So many people are overweight． Because they eat the 5 foods and they don't do any exercise． When you work in an office all day, I know it is difficult to find 6 to keep fit, but you only need to do 20 minutes a day!
It's also very important to have a 7 diet, starting with breakfast in the morning． It's not a good idea to 8 breakfast although many of us just have a cup of tea or coffee． Eat as much 9 food as possible—lots of fruit and vegetables—and 10 not to eat too much fried food．
One 11 why a lot of people feel less than 100% fit is that they don't drink enough water． You need to drink two liters(升) a day—and water 12 water, not tea, coffee or sugary drinks．
Keeping fit is fun． However, a lot of people think it's boring to go jogging or cycling． They just want to 13 their food． Well, of course, it's fine to have cakes and ice cream, but not every day! I would say we like what our bodies 14 and if you eat more healthy food, over time, you might find yourself wanting to eat them more than anything else． Try it, I think you'll be 15 ！
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。作为健身教练，作者建议人们均衡饮食，多吃新鲜健康的食物，每天都要锻炼，这样才能保持健康。
1．A．design B．teach
C．share D．choose
B [考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每周教六节有氧运动课，也给学生讲解健康和营养方面的知识。根据空前一句“I'm a fitness instructor at a gym near where I live．(我是我家附近一家健身房的健身教练。)”可知，作者在健身房里当健身教练。由此可知，作者应是每周教六节有氧运动课。故选B。]
√
2．A．taste B．cooking
C．health D．wealth
C [考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。根据常识及语境可知，作者作为健身教练，应是告诉他的学生关于健康和营养的知识。故选C。]
√
3．A．eat B．wear
C．speak D．think
A [考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如他们所说，“你吃什么就是什么样。”根据下文“Because they eat the ________________ foods and they don't do any exercise．”可知，本文主要讲述的是关于饮食的问题，故此处表达的是，人们普遍认为：你吃什么，你就是什么样。故选A。]
√
4．A．idea B．habit
C．diet D．goal
C [考查名词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我担心现在很多人的饮食。根据下文“Because they eat the ________________ foods and they don't do any exercise．”可知，人们饮食不当，缺乏锻炼，从而导致发胖。由此可知，此处表达的是，作者担心很多人的饮食。故选C。]
√
5．A．cheap B．proper
C．delicious D．wrong
D [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为他们吃错误的食物，而且他们不做任何锻炼。根据上文的“So many people are overweight．(很多人超重。)”可知，人们饮食不当并且不锻炼是超重的原因。故选D。]
√
6．A．space B．money
C．time D．courage
C [考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你整天在办公室工作时，我知道很难找到时间(健身来)保持健康，但你每天只需要锻炼20分钟！根据空前的“When you work in an office all day”及空后的“you only need to do 20 minutes a day”可知，作者认为人们一天需要锻炼20分钟，由此可知，这里是说如果你在办公室工作一整天，那么，你很难找到时间(健身来)保持健康。故选C。]
√
7．A．special B．poor
C．simple D．balanced
D [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：均衡的饮食也很重要，从早上的早餐开始。由下文的“starting with breakfast in the morning”和“Eat as much ________________ food as possible—lots of fruit and vegetables”可知，要吃早餐，吃很多水果和蔬菜，所以此处表达的是均衡的饮食也是很重要的。故选D。]
√
8．A．make B．miss
C．get D．order
B [考查动词词义辨析。句意：不吃早餐不是个好主意，虽然我们很多人只喝一杯茶或咖啡。根据空后的让步状语从句“although many of us just have a cup of tea or coffee”可知，此处是指不吃早餐不好。miss 意为“错过”，符合语境。故选B。]
√
9．A．fresh B．dried
C．fast D．expensive
A [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：吃尽可能多的新鲜食物——大量的水果和蔬菜——尽量不要吃太多油炸食品。根据后文的“fruit and vegetables”及“not to eat too much fried food”可知，此处作者建议人们尽可能地多吃新鲜的食物。故选A。]
√
10．A．promise B．beg
C．decide D．try
D [考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。根据语境可知，作者建议吃新鲜食物，尽量不要吃太多油炸食品。故选D。]
√
11．A．reason B．excuse
C．result D．opinion
A [考查名词词义辨析。句意：很多人觉得自己不是100%健康的一个理由是他们没有喝足够的水。根据下文对饮水的介绍可知，此处表达的是人们不够健康的其中一个原因。故选A。]
√
12．A．means B．includes
C．needs D．produces
A [考查动词词义辨析。句意：你需要每天喝两升水——水就是水，不是茶、咖啡或含糖饮料。根据语境及常识，尤其是后文的 “not tea, coffee or sugary drinks”可知，此处表达的是，水就是水，不是指茶、咖啡或含糖饮料。故选A。]
√
13．A．enjoy B．show
C．prepare D．research
A [考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只是想享受他们的食物。根据“it's fine to have cakes and ice cream(吃蛋糕和冰激凌是可以的)”可知，此处表达的是，很多人不想锻炼，他们只想享受他们的食物。故选A。]
√
14．A．settle down to B．are buried in
C．are made of D．are used to
D [考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想说的是，我们喜欢我们的身体习惯的东西，如果你吃更多的健康食物，随着时间的推移，你可能会发现相比于其他任何东西，自己更想吃健康的食物。设空处表达的是，我们喜欢吃我们的身体已经习惯的东西。故选D。]
√
15．A．moved B．surprised
C．troubled D．worried
B [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：试试它，我想你会感到惊讶的。根据语境可知，此处表示如果你吃更多健康的食物，假以时日，你会发现自己更想吃健康的食物。尝试一下吧，你会感到惊讶的！故选B。]
√
Ⅴ．语法填空
When two cultures come together, the words of 1．______ (they) languages compete for survival (存在)． We can see this taking place early in the history of English, following the Danish invasions (入侵) of Britain． The Danes spoke a language known 2．___Old Norse, and this had many words 3．_________ had a related (相关的) form in Old English． What would people end up 4．_______ (say) Would the Danish settlers use the Old English words Or would the Anglo-Saxons use the Old Norse ones
their
as
which/that
saying
5．________ (actual), the Old English and Old Norse words both survived, because people gave them 6．_________ (difference) meanings． This is what happened to skirt and shirt．
Shirt is found sometimes in late Old English (spelled scyrte), with the meaning of a short garment (衣服) worn by both men 7．_____ women． Skirt, from Old Norse, is known from the 1300s, and seems to have been used mainly for a woman's garment—the lower part of a dress． But the word could also 8．________ (use) for the lower part of a man's robe or coat too．
Actually
different
and
be used
During the Middle English period, shirt 9．________ (become) increasingly used only for a man's garment, and skirt for a woman's． Today, women's clothes include shirts, and skirts are normal wear for men in many 10．________ (country)． Clothing such as the T-shirt is gender-neutral (不分性别的)．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是当两种文化融合在一起时，他们语言中的词语就会出现为生存而竞争的现象。
became
countries
1．their [考查形容词性物主代词。句意：当两种文化融合在一起时，他们语言中的词语就会为生存而竞争。结合句意及空后的languages可知，应填形容词性物主代词their，作定语。故填their。]
2．as [考查介词和固定搭配。句意：丹麦人说一种被称为古斯堪的纳维亚语的语言，其中有许多单词在古英语中有相关的形式。空处应填介词as，be known as意为“被称为”，固定搭配。故填as。]
3．which/that [考查定语从句。句意同上。此处为定语从句，先行词为words，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。]
4．saying [考查非谓语动词。句意：人们最后会怎么说？ end up doing sth．意为“最终做了某事”，固定搭配，所以应填动词-ing形式saying，作状语。故填saying。]
5．Actually [考查副词。句意：实际上，古英语和古斯堪的纳维亚语的单词都保存了下来，因为人们赋予它们不同的含义。结合句意，空处应填副词形式，作整个句子的状语，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Actually。]
6．different [考查形容词。句意同上。结合句意及空后的名词meanings可知，应填形容词形式different，作定语。故填different。]
7．and [考查连词。句意：shirt有时出现在古英语晚期，意思是男女都穿的短衣服。由空前的both可知，应填and，both...and...意为“两者都……”。故填and。]
8．be used [考查动词的语态。句意：但是这个词也可以被用来形容男人长袍或外套的下半部分。空处应填谓语动词的形式，主语the word与动词use之间为被动关系，由空前的could可知，应用被动语态be used。故填be used。]
9．became [考查动词的时态。句意：在中世纪英语时期，衬衫越来越多地只用作男人的衣服，裙子越来越多地只用作女人的衣服。空处应填谓语动词的形式，由时间状语During the Middle English period可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填became。]
10．countries [考查名词复数。句意：今天，女人的衣服包括衬衫和裙子在许多国家是男人的正常穿着。由空前的many可知，应填名词的复数形式，作宾语。故填countries。]
THANKSPeriod 5 课文整体教学(Using Language)
1．What is the main cause of ill health
A．Taking too much sugar．
B．Eating too much fat．
C．Having too many calories．
D．Taking less exercise．
2．In which way do people mainly take in extra sugar
A．By eating extra desserts．
B．By overeating each meal．
C．Through vegetables and sweets．
D．Through sweets and sweet drinks．
3．What is an ideal diet
A．One without fat．
B．One that is balanced．
C．One without sugar．
D．One with vegetables．
4．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4
A．What to eat to be fit．
B．When to eat each meal．
C．How to eat healthily．
D．Why eat quickly．
1．ideal adj．完美的；理想的；想象的 n．理想；完美的人(或事物)
①(教材原句)The ideal diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing． ________
②Knowing him a long time, she found it hard to live up to his high ideals． ________
③It's my ideal of what a family home should be． ________
2．make up vt． 构成；形成；编造；化妆；补上
①(教材原句)There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet． ________
②Unwilling to attend the meeting, he made up some excuse about his mother being sick． ________
③Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow ________
1．(学会断句) Besides this, it is also important /to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein /for strong bones and muscle growth．
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。it作______，不定式短语to have...是真正的主语，as引导____________。
[翻译] _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2．What this means/ is/ that people /who chew too quickly/ end up eating too much food /because they still feel hungry．
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。what引导________，在从句中做宾语；that引导________，其中who引导________，修饰people；because引导________。
[翻译] _____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
1．(应用文佳句) However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar．
然而，越来越多的证据表明，不良身体状况的真正推手并非过多的高脂食物，而是糖。
2．(续写佳句) In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether．
换言之，你要想身体健康，就必须少吃甜点，完全禁饮甜饮料。
1．association n．协会；社团；关联；联系；联想；交往
(1)in association with... 与……合作
(2)associate v． 联系
n． 同事；伙伴
associate with sb． 与某人交往/打交道
be associated with... 和……有关
associate...with... 把……和……联系在一起
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Joe is unconscious of the potential risks to health ________ (associate) with the drug．
②I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of your ________ (associate)．
③毫无疑问，这种疾病与不规律的生活方式密切相关。
It is out of question that this disease ________________ the irregular lifestyle．
④这场音乐会是由艺术委员会与当地企业联合赞助的。
The concert was sponsored by the Arts Council ______________________________ local businesses．
2．regardless of 不管；不顾
(1)regardless adv． 不顾；不加理会
regardless of the fact that... 不顾……的事实
(2)in spite of＝despite 尽管；不顾(后常接名词，不接从句)
(3)with regard to 关于；至于
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Dr．Li was responsible and devoted to his job regardless ________ the risk of being affected．
②I feel greatly honored to deliver a speech with regard ________ the tricks of improving oral English．
③尽管有暴风雨，我们依旧准时到达了车站。
We arrived at the station on time ________________________．
＝We arrived at the station on time ________________________．
[名师点津] regardless of强调“不认为……重要，从而不加以重视或考虑”，其后可以接the fact that...；其同义词despite/in spite of还有“尽管……但是”之意，其后一般不接从句。
3．quantity n．数量；数额
(1)a large/small quantity of＝large/small quantities of“大/少量的”，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词；
a (large/small) quantity of后接名词作主语时，谓语常用单数形式；
(large/small) quantities of后接名词作主语时，谓语常用复数形式。
(2)in quantity 在数量上；大量地
in large quantities 大量地
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①We are more likely to obtain ________ quantity of knowledge from reading．
②Every day in hot summer, a large quantity of beer ________ (consume)．
③Large quantities of waste water ________ (pour) into the ocean in the past few years．
④Because of his passion for reading, he always buys books in large ________ (quantity)．
⑤得知你在打篮球方面有许多经验，我写信真诚地邀请你加入我们的篮球俱乐部。
Learning that you have ________________________________________， I'm writing to sincerely invite you to join our basketball club．
4．trick n．诀窍；计谋；把戏 vt．欺骗；欺诈
(1)play tricks/a trick on sb． 搞恶作剧；开某人的玩笑
取笑某人
(2)trick sb．
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①All of us hold the view that it is impolite to play tricks ________ others．
②We were tricked ________ buying a poor car, which made me very upset．
③我们应该尊重残疾人，不要在公共场合捉弄他们。
We should show respect for the disabled and don't ________________ them in public．
as引导状语从句
[教材P32] Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth．
此外，在你的饮食中加入一些肉类、豆类或乳制品也十分重要，因为它们为强健骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。
[句式分析] 本句中的as they provide...growth为as引导的原因状语从句。
It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit．
按时缴付电费很重要，因为晚缴可能会影响你的信用。
as 引导从句的用法：
(1)as引导原因状语从句，所表达的原因比较明显，从句多置于主句之前。
(2)as引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词表示的动作的同时性。
(3)as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”。(从句需倒装)
(4)as引导方式状语从句，意为“以……方式”。
(5)as引导比较状语从句，意为“和……一样”。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for．
②I was watching the clock all through the meeting, ________ I had a train to catch．
③Hot ________ it was, the kids played football on the playground．
④我对这个产品很满意，因为设计师是按照我的要求做的。
I was satisfied with the product, because the designers did ____________．
⑤为了提前准备演讲比赛，约翰和玛丽来得一样早。
In order to prepare for the speech contest in advance, John came ____________．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．A variety of student ________ (associate) are necessary, because they play an important role in our growth．
2．Learners can have access to the courses tailored for personal needs regardless ________ time and space．
3．Quantities of harmful fumes ________ (be) discharged from factories, spreading in the sky and blocking the sunlight．
4．Some of us entertained the elderly by singing songs and doing magic ________ (trick)．
5．________ regard to the player, he is popular with the public both home and abroad．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．是你们不顾潜在的危险，拼命抢救那些被困在火灾中的人。
It was you who, ________________， desperately rescued those trapped in the fire．
2．我的饮食包含大量的水果和绿色蔬菜，它们可以为我提供必需的维生素。
My diet contains ______________________， which can provide me with necessary vitamins．
3．这种行为可能是随着狗逐渐学会避免与人类发生冲突而受益演变而来的。
This behaviour may have evolved ________________ they could benefit from avoiding conflicts with humans．
4．为了准备这个惊喜，我们设法骗她离开房子一段时间。
In order to prepare for the surprise, we managed to ________________ the house for some time．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
More and more evidence shows that the real driver of poor health is sugar，1．________ exists mainly in sweets and sweet drinks we take every day．Those who receive 25% of their 2．________ (day) calories from sweets and sweet drinks are more likely to die 3．________ heart disease．So scientists recommend that we limit 4．________ (we) to less than 100—150 calories a day from sugar．That is to say, we should eat less than a candy bar a day．Instead, we should consume different 5．________ (category) of fresh fruit and vegetables．As with everything in life, moderation is key．The 6．________ (idea) diet is a balanced one, without too much 7．________ too little of any one thing．
8．________ (eat) slowly is also a fundamental key to being healthy, because it will cause us to eat little and it allows your body to digest your food 9．________ (good)．It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather 10．________ to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next．
Period 5
课文理解
1—4 ADBC
课文精粹
Ⅰ一词多义
1．①adj．理想的 ②n．理想 ③n．完美的事物
2．①构成 ②编造 ③补上
Ⅱ长难语句
1．分析：形式主语；原因状语从句
翻译：此外，在你的饮食中加入一些肉类、豆类或乳制品也十分重要，因为它们为强健骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。
2．分析：主语从句；表语从句；定语从句；原因状语从句
翻译：这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
核心词汇
1．①associated ②association ③is closely associated with ④in association with
2．①of ②to ③regardless of the storm；despite/in spite of the storm
3．①a ②is consumed ③have been poured ④quantities ⑤a large quantity of/large quantities of experience in playing basketball
4．①on ②into ③play tricks on
句法句式
①As ②as ③as ④as I had asked ⑤as early as Mary did
巩固落实
Ⅰ．1．associations 2．of 3．are 4．tricks 5．With
Ⅱ．1．regardless of the potential risk 2．quantities of fruit and green vegetables 3．as dogs gradually learned 4．trick her into leaving
Ⅲ．1．which 2．daily 3．from 4．ourselves
5．categories 6．ideal 7．or 8．Eating
9．better 10．than
1 / 7课时分层作业(八)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．The information you receive, especially when ideas are repeated in ________ (关联) with achievements you find attractive, refines your attitudes．
2．It's true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, ________ (不顾) of whether it's a new one or not．
3．Music shops should arrange their recordings in simple alphabetical order, rather than by ________ (种类)．
4．The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than ________ (数量) of years．
5．I knew she had some ________ (根本的) problems in her marriage because she had confided in me a year earlier．
Ⅱ．选词填空
regardless of; quantities of; make up; cut down on; end up
1．If they can't find the suitable way to learn, the weakest students can ________________ with a negative score．
2．Most of us know we should ______________ fat, but knowing such things isn't much help when it comes to eating．
3．We need one more person to ________________ a team．
4．________________ the weather, the food delivery workers always deliver the meal to us on time．
5．Many of the world's most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce very small ______________ greenhouse gas emissions．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
Tomatoes were first planted in 700 AD by Aztecs and Incas． Explorers returning from Mexico introduced the tomato into Europe, where it was first mentioned in 1556． The French called it “the apple of love”，the Germans “the apple of paradise(乐园)”．
Tomatoes are rich in vitamins A and C and fiber，and are cholesterol(胆固醇)free． An average size tomato (148 grams or so) has only 35 calories． Furthermore, new medical research suggests that the consumption of lycopene(番茄红素), the stuff that makes tomatoes red，may prevent cancer． Besides, the fruit now appears to have two more health giving benefits． Protection against sunburn and helping keep the skin looking youthful are the latest pluses, a study has found．
Professor Mark Birch-Machin said tomatoes could provide a cheap and easy way of improving health． Researchers at Manchester and Newcastle universities recommend two tomato-based meals a day for health． Possible menus include a glass of tomato juice with breakfast and a salad later or tomato soup for lunch and pasta(意大利面)with a tomato sauce for dinner．
To test the fruit's ability to protect the skin，ten volunteers were asked to eat five tablespoons of tomato paste mixed with olive oil every day for three months． Another ten had a daily dose of olive oil—minus the tomato paste． The tests showed the tomato-eaters were a third better protected against sunburn at the end of the study than at the start, the British Society for Investigative Dermatology's annual conference heard．
The researchers stressed, however, that their findings were not an excuse to throw away the sun cream． Professor Lesley Rhodes, a Manchester University dermatologist, said: “People should not think tomatoes in any way can replace sun creams but they may be a good additive．”
1．Why does the writer talk about the history of tomatoes in paragraph 1
A．To lead in the topic．
B．To raise a concern．
C．To introduce a question．
D．To make a statement．
2．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2
A．The components of tomatoes．
B．The benefits of tomatoes．
C．The latest findings of tomatoes．
D．The functions of tomatoes on patients．
3．What is the best way to keep the skin looking youthful
A．Eating more tomatoes．
B．Using more sun cream．
C．Staying inside as often as possible．
D．Using sun cream and eating tomatoes．
4．How do the researchers test tomatoes' ability to protect the skin against sunburn
A．By giving an example．
B．By setting up a database．
C．By making a comparison．
D．By analyzing possible reasons．
Ⅳ．完形填空
I am very lucky because I enjoy my work very much． I'm a fitness instructor at a gym near where I live． I 1 six aerobics(有氧运动) classes a week and also tell my students about 2 and nutrition． As they say, “You are what you 3 ．”
To be honest, I worry about the 4 that many people have today． So many people are overweight． Because they eat the 5 foods and they don't do any exercise． When you work in an office all day, I know it is difficult to find 6 to keep fit, but you only need to do 20 minutes a day!
It's also very important to have a 7 diet, starting with breakfast in the morning． It's not a good idea to 8 breakfast although many of us just have a cup of tea or coffee． Eat as much 9 food as possible—lots of fruit and vegetables—and 10 not to eat too much fried food．
One 11 why a lot of people feel less than 100% fit is that they don't drink enough water． You need to drink two liters(升) a day—and water 12 water, not tea, coffee or sugary drinks．
Keeping fit is fun． However, a lot of people think it's boring to go jogging or cycling． They just want to 13 their food． Well, of course, it's fine to have cakes and ice cream, but not every day! I would say we like what our bodies 14 and if you eat more healthy food, over time, you might find yourself wanting to eat them more than anything else． Try it, I think you'll be 15 ！
1．A．design B．teach
C．share D．choose
2．A．taste B．cooking
C．health D．wealth
3．A．eat B．wear
C．speak D．think
4．A．idea B．habit
C．diet D．goal
5．A．cheap B．proper
C．delicious D．wrong
6．A．space B．money
C．time D．courage
7．A．special B．poor
C．simple D．balanced
8．A.make B．miss
C．get D．order
9．A．fresh B．dried
C．fast D．expensive
10．A．promise B．beg
C．decide D．try
11．A．reason B．excuse
C．result D．opinion
12．A.means B．includes
C．needs D．produces
13．A．enjoy B．show
C．prepare D．research
14．A．settle down to B．are buried in
C．are made of D．are used to
15．A.moved B．surprised
C．troubled D．worried
Ⅴ．语法填空
When two cultures come together, the words of 1．________ (they) languages compete for survival (存在)． We can see this taking place early in the history of English, following the Danish invasions (入侵) of Britain． The Danes spoke a language known 2．________ Old Norse, and this had many words 3．________ had a related (相关的) form in Old English． What would people end up 4．________ (say) Would the Danish settlers use the Old English words Or would the Anglo-Saxons use the Old Norse ones
5．________ (actual), the Old English and Old Norse words both survived, because people gave them 6．________ (difference) meanings． This is what happened to skirt and shirt．
Shirt is found sometimes in late Old English (spelled scyrte), with the meaning of a short garment (衣服) worn by both men 7．________ women． Skirt, from Old Norse, is known from the 1300s, and seems to have been used mainly for a woman's garment—the lower part of a dress． But the word could also 8．________ (use) for the lower part of a man's robe or coat too．
During the Middle English period, shirt 9．________ (become) increasingly used only for a man's garment, and skirt for a woman's． Today, women's clothes include shirts, and skirts are normal wear for men in many 10．________ (country)． Clothing such as the T-shirt is gender-neutral (不分性别的)．
课时分层作业(八)
Ⅰ．1．association 2．regardless 3．category
4．quantity 5．fundamental
Ⅱ．1．end up 2．cut down on 3．make up
4．Regardless of 5．quantities of
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4
A B D C
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
B C A C D C D B
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A D A A A D B
Ⅴ．1．their 2．as 3．which/that 4．saying
5．Actually 6．different 7．and 8．be used
9．became 10．countries
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了吃西红柿的好处。
1．A [推理判断题。根据第一段“Tomatoes were first planted in 700 AD by Aztecs and Incas． Explorers returning from Mexico introduced the tomato into Europe, where it was first mentioned in 1556．(西红柿在公元700年由阿兹特克人和印加帝国的人首次种植。从墨西哥回来的探险者们把西红柿介绍给了欧洲，在那里西红柿首次被提到是在1556年。)”可知，第一段是在介绍西红柿的相关历史信息，引入西红柿这个话题。故选A。]
2．B [段落大意题。根据第二段“Tomatoes are rich in vitamins A and C and fiber，and are cholesterol free． An average size tomato (148 grams or so) has only 35 calories． Furthermore, new medical research suggests that the consumption of lycopene, the stuff that makes tomatoes red，may prevent cancer． Besides, the fruit now appears to have two more health giving benefits． Protection against sunburn and helping keep the skin looking youthful are the latest pluses, a study has found．(西红柿富含维生素A和C，还有纤维素，并且不含胆固醇。一般大小的西红柿(大约148克)只有35卡能量。而且新的医学研究表明吃番茄红素——让西红柿成为红色的东西，可能会预防癌症。此外，这种水果现在似乎还有两种利于健康的作用。一项研究表明，防止晒伤和帮助皮肤看起来年轻是最新的优点。)”可知，这一段主要在介绍西红柿的好处。故选B。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据第二段的“Protection against sunburn and helping keep the skin looking youthful are the latest pluses, a study has found．(一项研究表明，防止晒伤和帮助皮肤看起来年轻是最新的优点。)”和最后一段的“People should not think tomatoes in any way can replace sun creams(人们不应该认为西红柿可以取代防晒霜)”可知，让皮肤显得年轻最好的方法是吃西红柿和涂防晒霜。故选D。]
4．C [推理判断题。根据第四段“The tests showed the tomato-eaters were a third better protected against sunburn at the end of the study than at the start(测试结果显示，在研究结束时，吃番茄的人比研究开始时防晒伤的能力提高了三分之一)”可知，他们是通过对比的方式来测验西红柿的防晒能力的。故选C。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。作为健身教练，作者建议人们均衡饮食，多吃新鲜健康的食物，每天都要锻炼，这样才能保持健康。
1．B [考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每周教六节有氧运动课，也给学生讲解健康和营养方面的知识。根据空前一句“I'm a fitness instructor at a gym near where I live．(我是我家附近一家健身房的健身教练。)”可知，作者在健身房里当健身教练。由此可知，作者应是每周教六节有氧运动课。故选B。]
2．C [考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。根据常识及语境可知，作者作为健身教练，应是告诉他的学生关于健康和营养的知识。故选C。]
3．A [考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如他们所说，“你吃什么就是什么样。”根据下文“Because they eat the foods and they don't do any exercise．”可知，本文主要讲述的是关于饮食的问题，故此处表达的是，人们普遍认为：你吃什么，你就是什么样。故选A。]
4．C [考查名词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我担心现在很多人的饮食。根据下文“Because they eat the foods and they don't do any exercise．”可知，人们饮食不当，缺乏锻炼，从而导致发胖。由此可知，此处表达的是，作者担心很多人的饮食。故选C。]
5．D [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为他们吃错误的食物，而且他们不做任何锻炼。根据上文的“So many people are overweight．(很多人超重。)”可知，人们饮食不当并且不锻炼是超重的原因。故选D。]
6．C [考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你整天在办公室工作时，我知道很难找到时间(健身来)保持健康，但你每天只需要锻炼20分钟！根据空前的“When you work in an office all day”及空后的“you only need to do 20 minutes a day”可知，作者认为人们一天需要锻炼20分钟，由此可知，这里是说如果你在办公室工作一整天，那么，你很难找到时间(健身来)保持健康。故选C。]
7．D [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：均衡的饮食也很重要，从早上的早餐开始。由下文的“starting with breakfast in the morning”和“Eat as much food as possible—lots of fruit and vegetables”可知，要吃早餐，吃很多水果和蔬菜，所以此处表达的是均衡的饮食也是很重要的。故选D。]
8．B [考查动词词义辨析。句意：不吃早餐不是个好主意，虽然我们很多人只喝一杯茶或咖啡。根据空后的让步状语从句“although many of us just have a cup of tea or coffee”可知，此处是指不吃早餐不好。miss 意为“错过”，符合语境。故选B。]
9．A [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：吃尽可能多的新鲜食物——大量的水果和蔬菜——尽量不要吃太多油炸食品。根据后文的“fruit and vegetables”及“not to eat too much fried food”可知，此处作者建议人们尽可能地多吃新鲜的食物。故选A。]
10．D [考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。根据语境可知，作者建议吃新鲜食物，尽量不要吃太多油炸食品。故选D。]
11．A [考查名词词义辨析。句意：很多人觉得自己不是100%健康的一个理由是他们没有喝足够的水。根据下文对饮水的介绍可知，此处表达的是人们不够健康的其中一个原因。故选A。]
12．A [考查动词词义辨析。句意：你需要每天喝两升水——水就是水，不是茶、咖啡或含糖饮料。根据语境及常识，尤其是后文的 “not tea, coffee or sugary drinks”可知，此处表达的是，水就是水，不是指茶、咖啡或含糖饮料。故选A。]
13．A [考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只是想享受他们的食物。根据“it's fine to have cakes and ice cream(吃蛋糕和冰激凌是可以的)”可知，此处表达的是，很多人不想锻炼，他们只想享受他们的食物。故选A。]
14．D [考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想说的是，我们喜欢我们的身体习惯的东西，如果你吃更多的健康食物，随着时间的推移，你可能会发现相比于其他任何东西，自己更想吃健康的食物。设空处表达的是，我们喜欢吃我们的身体已经习惯的东西。故选D。]
15．B [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：试试它，我想你会感到惊讶的。根据语境可知，此处表示如果你吃更多健康的食物，假以时日，你会发现自己更想吃健康的食物。尝试一下吧，你会感到惊讶的！故选B。]
Ⅴ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是当两种文化融合在一起时，他们语言中的词语就会出现为生存而竞争的现象。
1．their [考查形容词性物主代词。句意：当两种文化融合在一起时，他们语言中的词语就会为生存而竞争。结合句意及空后的languages可知，应填形容词性物主代词their，作定语。故填their。]
2．as [考查介词和固定搭配。句意：丹麦人说一种被称为古斯堪的纳维亚语的语言，其中有许多单词在古英语中有相关的形式。空处应填介词as，be known as意为“被称为”，固定搭配。故填as。]
3．which/that [考查定语从句。句意同上。此处为定语从句，先行词为words，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。]
4．saying [考查非谓语动词。句意：人们最后会怎么说？ end up doing sth．意为“最终做了某事”，固定搭配，所以应填动词-ing形式saying，作状语。故填saying。]
5．Actually [考查副词。句意：实际上，古英语和古斯堪的纳维亚语的单词都保存了下来，因为人们赋予它们不同的含义。结合句意，空处应填副词形式，作整个句子的状语，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Actually。]
6．different [考查形容词。句意同上。结合句意及空后的名词meanings可知，应填形容词形式different，作定语。故填different。]
7．and [考查连词。句意：shirt有时出现在古英语晚期，意思是男女都穿的短衣服。由空前的both可知，应填and，both...and...意为“两者都……”。故填and。]
8．be used [考查动词的语态。句意：但是这个词也可以被用来形容男人长袍或外套的下半部分。空处应填谓语动词的形式，主语the word与动词use之间为被动关系，由空前的could可知，应用被动语态be used。故填be used。]
9．became [考查动词的时态。句意：在中世纪英语时期，衬衫越来越多地只用作男人的衣服，裙子越来越多地只用作女人的衣服。空处应填谓语动词的形式，由时间状语During the Middle English period可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填became。]
10．countries [考查名词复数。句意：今天，女人的衣服包括衬衫和裙子在许多国家是男人的正常穿着。由空前的many可知，应填名词的复数形式，作宾语。故填countries。]
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