(共53张PPT)
Period 6
UNIT 5 FIRST AID
主题语境
人与社会——安全常识与自我保护
记叙文是记人叙事的文章，重在叙述事件发生、发展的过程。记叙文要具备六大要素，即时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。对于急救类记叙文，学生应能够根据写作要求记录发生在自己或他人身上的一次有关急救的经历。写此类文章时应注意以下几点：
如何写急救类记叙文
课时学案 写作(Writing)
1．突出重点，详略得当。在写急救类文章时应注重“急”和“救”。“急”是指意外或偶然发生的紧急事情，“救”即针对伤者或患者所采取的措施，这是此类写作的重中之重。此外，急救的结果也要有所涉及，这部分可适当略写。
2．点明主旨，体现意义。通过此篇写作，同学们应认识到掌握一定的急救知识的重要性。
3．注意时态，用对人称。急救类文章陈述的是发生在过去的事情，故应以一般过去时为主；对于人称的选择一定要认真审题，根据文章要求选择人称。
一、基本框架
1．开头：交代事情发生的背景；
2．主体：叙述事件的发生、经过和结果；
3．结尾：发表感想或表达愿望。
二、常用表达
1．It is necessary to learn some first-aid measures in daily life．
在日常生活中学一些急救措施是有必要的。
2．Everybody should know some knowledge of first aid in order to save other people's lives．
为了挽救其他人的性命，每个人都应该懂得一些急救知识。
3．When a person is bitten by an animal，wash the wound with cold running water before he/she is taken to see a doctor．
当一个人被动物咬伤时，我们应该先用冷的、流动的水清洗伤口，再带他/她去看医生。
4．If pesticide gets in the eyes, first-aid instructions on the label should be followed．
如果农药溅入眼中，要按标签上的说明进行急救。
5．At the same time，you must/should call for help．
与此同时，你必须/应该打电话求助。
6．The story is a good example in which first aid makes a big difference．
这个故事证明急救的作用非常大。
上周日，王林和他的朋友们在餐馆吃饭。这时，其中一个朋友陈辉突然因被食物噎住而窒息。请你根据以下要点提示用英语写一篇短文来描述此事件，并发表你的看法。
1．王林懂得一些急救知识，他让陈辉保持冷静，同时让李强打电话叫救护车；
2．他用力拍打陈辉的背部，很快陈辉吐出一块未嚼碎的土豆；
3．医生表扬了王林，并对他的行为给予高度评价。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
[审题构思]
1．确定体裁：记叙文；
2．确定人称：第三人称；
3．确定时态：一般过去时；
4．确定内容：
①首段：事件的背景——吃饭时，一个朋友被食物噎住了；
②中段：王林利用所掌握的急救知识施救；
③尾段：发表感想，表达愿望等。
[遣词造句]
1．上周日，王林和他的朋友们在一家餐馆吃饭。
Last Sunday，Wang Lin and his friends __________________________．
2．陈辉被食物噎住了，无法呼吸。
Chen Hui was unable to breathe because he __________________．
3．王林懂得一些急救知识。
Wang Lin knew ________________________．
were eating food in a restaurant
choked on some food
some knowledge of first aid
4．他让陈辉保持冷静。
He asked Chen Hui ____________．
5．他让李强打电话叫救护车。
He asked Li Qiang _____________________．
6．他重重地拍打陈辉的后背。
He _______ Chen Hui hard ___________．
7．陈辉吐出了一块没被完全嚼碎的土豆。
Chen Hui ______________________．It was not chewed up thoroughly．
to keep calm
to call for an ambulance
slapped
on the back
threw up a piece of potato
8．医生表扬了王林，对他的表现给予高度评价。
The doctor praised Wang Lin and ____________________________．
9．拥有一些急救知识可以在紧急情况下挽救一个人的生命。
_______________________________ can save one's life in an emergency．
thought highly of his performance
Having some knowledge of first aid
[句式升级]
1．用并列连词and将句4和句5连接成并列句
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2．用定语从句合并句7
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
He asked Chen Hui to keep calm and he asked Li Qiang to call for an
ambulance．
Chen Hui threw up a piece of potato which was not chewed up
thoroughly．
[连句成篇](注意使用适当的衔接过渡词语)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Last Sunday, Wang Lin and his friends were eating food in a restaurant．Suddenly, Chen Hui was unable to breathe because he choked on some food．
Luckily, Wang Lin knew some knowledge of first aid．He asked Chen Hui to keep calm and he asked Li Qiang to call for an ambulance．He slapped Chen Hui hard on the back．Soon Chen Hui threw up a piece of potato which was not chewed up thoroughly．The doctor praised Wang Lin and thought highly of his performance．
Having some knowledge of first aid can save one's life in an emergency．
[词块积累]
1．come to life 恢复生机
2．in (full) bloom 鲜花盛开
3．the starry sky 繁星点点的天空
4．the silver moonlight 银色的月光
5．a rainbow hanging in the sky 挂在空中的彩虹
景物描写 场景
6．be reflected in the water 倒映在水中
7．be caught in heavy rain 遇上大雨
8．be covered with ice and snow 被冰雪覆盖
9．the towering and steep mountain 高耸入云的陡峭高山
10．the path covered in weeds 杂草丛生的小道
[佳句积累]
1．Cold rain was falling, with snow mixed in it．
天正在下着冷冷的雨，雨里还夹着雪。
2．A furious gale rose and the sea roared continuously．
狂风骤起，大海咆哮不断。
3．The mountainous area is covered entirely in dense jungle．
山区完全掩映在茂密的丛林中。
4．It was a stifling summer night, not a puff of wind in the air．
这是一个令人窒息的夏夜，空气中一丝风都没有。
5．The sun shone on the sea, the waves dancing and sparkling．
阳光照在海面上，海浪舞动着，闪闪发光。
6．The snow covers the land all over with white blankets．
雪给大地盖上了白色的毯子。
7．A creek twines the vast green field just like the blue color satin ribbon．
一条小溪宛如蓝色绸带缠绕着一望无际的绿色田野。
8．The early autumn arrived． Dropping willows sway gently, their long branches almost trailing the ground．
初秋到了，垂柳轻拂，长长的枝条几乎垂到了地面上。
9．The sky is bright blue and the leaves on the trees are turning color, from green to orange and gold．
天空碧蓝，树上的叶子在变换颜色，由绿色变成橙色和金色。
10．Bathed in the golden sunlight, the lake was shining as the breeze gently left the ripples when it passed by．
湖水沐浴在金色的阳光下，微风轻轻吹过，引起阵阵涟漪，湖面闪闪发光。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一个80词左右的段落，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was September 1966, and I faced my first class of kids as a new teacher． My class was made up of thirty-eight angels and one street kid named Mike, a 10-year-old kid who lived with an indifferent grandmother． Being so young, I knew very little about parenting． However, I did recognize a child in need, and decided to reach out and see if I could make a difference． And so it was early in September that my special “foster father” relationship with Mike began．
Each day as I arrived at school, Mike would already be in the parking lot waiting for me． I showed him how to sew, and together we began mending his ripped and torn clothes． Each noon hour as I shared my lunch with him, I taught him a host of new skills． A kind of unspoken trust began to build up between us．
Then early in October, at a class meeting, the kids were asked to talk about their dreams． Most of them wanted to be doctors, teachers or some such things while when it was Mike's turn to speak out his ultimate desire in life, he stammered (结巴) that he had no idea．
After class, I asked what his dream was． He answered that his dream was to be a gangster． I was totally amazed． Afterwards, I usually took him to a law library． I said to him that to be a good gangster, he had to know something about the criminal law． His young mind was eager and he dove right in．
Ten years passed, and I often thought of him, wondering how his life turned out and what he had become．____________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Ten years passed, and I often thought of him, wondering how his life turned out and what he had become． Then one day, I decided to look up the number of a former colleague． Opened the telephone directory, and a familiar number attracted my attention． I dialed the number, and about fifteen seconds later, I was talking with a husky voiced gentleman． His opening state was “Teacher, I've missed you”． At that moment, I realized that it was Mike． Now he is a famous criminal lawyer． He sincerely repeated that I was the figure he had ever had, and that he owed it all to me． Had it not been for me, he wouldn't be what he was today．
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
Sunstroke(中暑) is a condition that can quickly go from dangerous to deadly，especially if proper care isn't given immediately．
Sunstroke，sometimes called heatstroke，is a result of the body temperature rising above the safe limit． This causes the body's necessary functions to stop working．
课时分层作业(十五)
It's usually pretty easy to avoid sunstroke，as long as proper action is taken． In that case，you need to act as quickly as possible to return that person's body to a safe temperature． Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke．
Call for help
Call to get an ambulance as quickly as possible． This should be the first thing you do，especially if the sunstroke person has fainted(昏倒)． Also，call for help from anyone nearby if you're in a public place． If there's no one around，call someone nearby if they can get there sooner than an ambulance． Ask everyone to bring you as much water as possible，if there isn't much nearby．
Get the person to a cooler area
If there's a building nearby，aim for that． Anywhere with plenty of air conditioners and water is perfect． If a building isn't available，bring the person to a well-shaded area．
Get the water flowing
If the person is still conscious，get him or her to drink water． If there's a bathtub available，fill it with cool water and put the person in it．
If your water supply is limited，you have to save it． Dampen a towel or shirt and put it on the person's body． Focus on the face，neck，and chest．
Fan the person
Getting moving air over the person cools him or her down． Use anything，a towel or sheet，a shirt，your hands，or a piece of board． This is where having many people around really helps，as they can combine to fan the entire body．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中暑的危害以及中暑后的一些急救措施。
1．When does a person get sunstroke
A．When the body doesn't function．
B．When proper care is given immediately．
C．When someone is exposed to the sun too long．
D．When the body temperature goes up beyond what one can bear．
D [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，当人体的体温超过所能承受的安全极限时，就会中暑，故D项正确。]
√
2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text
A．Call for assistance from others．
B．Leave the sunstroke person in the shade．
C．Put a wet towel on the person's face．
D．Help the person take some medicine．
√
D [细节理解题。根据Call for help下的“call for help from anyone”可知A项正确；根据Get the person to a cooler area中的最后一句可知B项正确；根据Get the water flowing中第二段第二、三句可知C项正确；D项在文章中没有提到。故选D项。]
3．What is mainly discussed in the text
A．The first aid for sunstroke．
B．The causes of sunstroke．
C．The chief symptoms of sunstroke．
D．The essential prevention of sunstroke．
√
A [主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了何为中暑以及中暑的危害，结合第三段最后一句“Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke．”可知，下文讲述的是中暑时需要采取的急救措施，故A项正确。]
4．The text probably comes from a(n) ________________．
A．guidebook B．book review
C．medical magazine D．official document
C [文章出处题。文章主要介绍了中暑以及中暑后如何急救的相关知识，故有可能选自一本医学杂志，故C项正确。]
√
B
Green skin is common in science-fiction，but what if green skin were not just for aliens？If humans had green skin，what if it granted us the ability to perform photosynthesis(光合作用)，which plants use to live off sunlight
Let's analyze what science says about it and ask award-winning science-fiction author John Scalzi what he thinks．
Plants can live off photosynthesis because they grow broad，flat leaves to harvest as much light as possible． They also need less energy because they are far less active than animals．
According to Lindsay Turnbull，a plant ecologist at the University of Oxford，if the skin of a woman were photosynthetic like a leaf，the amount of surface area she had would satisfy only 1% of her daily energy requirements to survive． For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands，she would need a lot more skin—about a tennis court's worth，Turnbull estimated．
In addition，photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide． Plants have pores(气孔) that they use to supply the gas to their cells． If photosynthetic humans had chloroplasts(叶绿体)，they might need porous skin to let in carbon dioxide，but such pores might let other things leak in or out—for instance，moisture(水分)—in ways that might prove harmful to the human body．
One might wonder if photosynthetic people might prefer moving to sunny climate． Although such people might receive a small increase from photosynthesis if they moved to a desert area，they would likely have other resource issues to deal with，such as a lack of water，Scalzi said． “There's always going to be trade-offs(平衡)，” he noted．
And would photosynthetic humans prefer holes or no clothing to absorb all those rays？In some photosynthetic societies，clothing might become a symbol of the elite—a sign they get enough energy from food and do not need photosynthesis． You can imagine them saying，“I'm rich，so I can cover up．” Scalzi said．
So would Scalzi want photosynthetic skin for himself？“Probably not，” he said． “I don't see the benefit from it being so great that I would completely change the way I'd look to benefit from it．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人类能不能依靠皮肤的光合作用生存的问题。
5．Why can't humans live off photosynthesis according to Lindsay Turnbull
A．Because we are less active．
B．Because we wear clothes．
C．Because we don't have green skin．
D．Because our skin area is not large enough．
√
D [推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands，she would need a lot more skin—about a tennis court's worth，Turnbull estimated． (Turnbull估计，要使光合作用的女士满足自己的能量需求，她需要更多的皮肤——大约相当于网球场的面积。)”可知，Lindsay Turnbull指出，人类不能依靠光合作用生存的原因是我们的皮肤面积不够大。故选D项。]
6．If photosynthesizing humans had pores，what would be the disadvantage
A．They would absorb too much CO2．
B．They would release some useful substances．
C．They would be too small for human beings．
D．They would keep gases from entering the human body．
√
B [推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句可知，如果进行光合作用的人类有叶绿体，他们可能需要多孔的皮肤来吸收二氧化碳，但是这些孔洞可能会使其他东西渗入或渗出，例如水分，这可能对人体有害。由此可知缺点是会释放有用的物质。故选B项。]
7．What might be the reason why Scalzi says no to photosynthetic skin for himself
A．He was too conservative to accept that．
B．He wouldn't like to move to sunny climates．
C．He believed there were more risks than benefits．
D．He thought clothing was simply a symbol of the upper class．
√
C [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Scalzi所说的话“I don't see the benefit from it being so great that I would completely change the way I'd look to benefit from it． (我不认为它带来的好处如此之大，以至于我将完全改变我从中受益的方式。)”可知，Scalzi拒绝光合作用皮肤的原因是风险比益处大得多。故选C项。]
8．How does the author support the theme of the text
A．By providing research results．
B．By describing a process．
C．By making classifications．
D．By following the time order．
√
A [推理判断题。根据第四段中Lindsay Turnbull的说法(如果一个女人的皮肤像叶子一样能进行光合作用，她的表面积仅能满足她每天生存所需能量的1%。 一个进行光合作用的女人要满足她的能量需求，她将需要更多的皮肤。)，并结合全文理解可知，本文通过分析一些研究结果来解答人类依靠皮肤进行光合作用的可行性。故选A项。]
Ⅱ．应用文写作
假定你是某国际学校学生会主席李华，你校要为外教免费开设汉语课程。请你给学校的外教阿尔弗雷德(Alfred)写封邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：
1．介绍课程开设的目的、时间和地点；
2．描述课程内容(日常用语和中国文化)；
3．发出邀请。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Alfred，
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply．
Yours，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear Alfred，
I'm honored to inform you of a piece of good news． Our school has decided to open a free program, which provides Chinese courses for foreign teachers． It aims to make our communication and understanding better． The course will be given at 3 o'clock every Tuesday afternoon in our conference hall．
You'll learn simple everyday speech, which is useful in your daily life and teaching． What's more, you'll learn some Chinese culture，which will make you understand China better． So I'd like to invite you to attend it．
Looking forward to your early reply．
Yours，
Li Hua
THANKSPeriod 6 写作(Writing)
如何写急救类记叙文
记叙文是记人叙事的文章，重在叙述事件发生、发展的过程。记叙文要具备六大要素，即时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。对于急救类记叙文，学生应能够根据写作要求记录发生在自己或他人身上的一次有关急救的经历。写此类文章时应注意以下几点：
1．突出重点，详略得当。在写急救类文章时应注重“急”和“救”。“急”是指意外或偶然发生的紧急事情，“救”即针对伤者或患者所采取的措施，这是此类写作的重中之重。此外，急救的结果也要有所涉及，这部分可适当略写。
2．点明主旨，体现意义。通过此篇写作，同学们应认识到掌握一定的急救知识的重要性。
3．注意时态，用对人称。急救类文章陈述的是发生在过去的事情，故应以一般过去时为主；对于人称的选择一定要认真审题，根据文章要求选择人称。
一、基本框架
1．开头：交代事情发生的背景；
2．主体：叙述事件的发生、经过和结果；
3．结尾：发表感想或表达愿望。
二、常用表达
1．It is necessary to learn some first-aid measures in daily life．
在日常生活中学一些急救措施是有必要的。
2．Everybody should know some knowledge of first aid in order to save other people's lives．
为了挽救其他人的性命，每个人都应该懂得一些急救知识。
3．When a person is bitten by an animal，wash the wound with cold running water before he/she is taken to see a doctor．
当一个人被动物咬伤时，我们应该先用冷的、流动的水清洗伤口，再带他/她去看医生。
4．If pesticide gets in the eyes, first-aid instructions on the label should be followed．
如果农药溅入眼中，要按标签上的说明进行急救。
5．At the same time，you must/should call for help．
与此同时，你必须/应该打电话求助。
6．The story is a good example in which first aid makes a big difference．
这个故事证明急救的作用非常大。
上周日，王林和他的朋友们在餐馆吃饭。这时，其中一个朋友陈辉突然因被食物噎住而窒息。请你根据以下要点提示用英语写一篇短文来描述此事件，并发表你的看法。
1．王林懂得一些急救知识，他让陈辉保持冷静，同时让李强打电话叫救护车；
2．他用力拍打陈辉的背部，很快陈辉吐出一块未嚼碎的土豆；
3．医生表扬了王林，并对他的行为给予高度评价。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
[审题构思]
1．确定体裁：记叙文；
2．确定人称：第三人称；
3．确定时态：一般过去时；
4．确定内容：
①首段：事件的背景——吃饭时，一个朋友被食物噎住了；
②中段：王林利用所掌握的急救知识施救；
③尾段：发表感想，表达愿望等。
[遣词造句]
1．上周日，王林和他的朋友们在一家餐馆吃饭。
Last Sunday，Wang Lin and his friends ____________________________．
2．陈辉被食物噎住了，无法呼吸。
Chen Hui was unable to breathe because he ________________________．
3．王林懂得一些急救知识。
Wang Lin knew ____________________．
4．他让陈辉保持冷静。
He asked Chen Hui __________________．
5．他让李强打电话叫救护车。
He asked Li Qiang ____________________．
6．他重重地拍打陈辉的后背。
He ________________ Chen Hui hard ________________．
7．陈辉吐出了一块没被完全嚼碎的土豆。
Chen Hui ________________．It was not chewed up thoroughly．
8．医生表扬了王林，对他的表现给予高度评价。
The doctor praised Wang Lin and ________________________．
9．拥有一些急救知识可以在紧急情况下挽救一个人的生命。
________________ can save one's life in an emergency．
[句式升级]
1．用并列连词and将句4和句5连接成并列句
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2．用定语从句合并句7
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[连句成篇](注意使用适当的衔接过渡词语)
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景物描写 场景
[词块积累]
1．come to life 恢复生机
2．in (full) bloom 鲜花盛开
3．the starry sky 繁星点点的天空
4．the silver moonlight 银色的月光
5．a rainbow hanging in the sky 挂在空中的彩虹
6．be reflected in the water 倒映在水中
7．be caught in heavy rain 遇上大雨
8．be covered with ice and snow 被冰雪覆盖
9．the towering and steep mountain 高耸入云的陡峭高山
10．the path covered in weeds 杂草丛生的小道
[佳句积累]
1．Cold rain was falling, with snow mixed in it．
天正在下着冷冷的雨，雨里还夹着雪。
2．A furious gale rose and the sea roared continuously．
狂风骤起，大海咆哮不断。
3．The mountainous area is covered entirely in dense jungle．
山区完全掩映在茂密的丛林中。
4．It was a stifling summer night, not a puff of wind in the air．
这是一个令人窒息的夏夜，空气中一丝风都没有。
5．The sun shone on the sea, the waves dancing and sparkling．
阳光照在海面上，海浪舞动着，闪闪发光。
6．The snow covers the land all over with white blankets．
雪给大地盖上了白色的毯子。
7．A creek twines the vast green field just like the blue color satin ribbon．
一条小溪宛如蓝色绸带缠绕着一望无际的绿色田野。
8．The early autumn arrived． Dropping willows sway gently, their long branches almost trailing the ground．
初秋到了，垂柳轻拂，长长的枝条几乎垂到了地面上。
9．The sky is bright blue and the leaves on the trees are turning color, from green to orange and gold．
天空碧蓝，树上的叶子在变换颜色，由绿色变成橙色和金色。
10．Bathed in the golden sunlight, the lake was shining as the breeze gently left the ripples when it passed by．
湖水沐浴在金色的阳光下，微风轻轻吹过，引起阵阵涟漪，湖面闪闪发光。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一个80词左右的段落，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was September 1966, and I faced my first class of kids as a new teacher． My class was made up of thirty-eight angels and one street kid named Mike, a 10-year-old kid who lived with an indifferent grandmother． Being so young, I knew very little about parenting． However, I did recognize a child in need, and decided to reach out and see if I could make a difference． And so it was early in September that my special “foster father” relationship with Mike began．
Each day as I arrived at school, Mike would already be in the parking lot waiting for me． I showed him how to sew, and together we began mending his ripped and torn clothes． Each noon hour as I shared my lunch with him, I taught him a host of new skills． A kind of unspoken trust began to build up between us．
Then early in October, at a class meeting, the kids were asked to talk about their dreams． Most of them wanted to be doctors, teachers or some such things while when it was Mike's turn to speak out his ultimate desire in life, he stammered (结巴) that he had no idea．
After class, I asked what his dream was． He answered that his dream was to be a gangster． I was totally amazed． Afterwards, I usually took him to a law library． I said to him that to be a good gangster, he had to know something about the criminal law． His young mind was eager and he dove right in．
Ten years passed, and I often thought of him, wondering how his life turned out and what he had become．________________________________________________
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Period 6
应用文写作
遣词造句
1．were eating food in a restaurant 2．choked on some food 3．some knowledge of first aid 4．to keep calm 5．to call for an ambulance 6．slapped；on the back 7．threw up a piece of potato 8．thought highly of his performance 9．Having some knowledge of first aid
句式升级
1．He asked Chen Hui to keep calm and he asked Li Qiang to call for an ambulance．
2．Chen Hui threw up a piece of potato which was not chewed up thoroughly．
连句成篇
[参考范文]
Last Sunday, Wang Lin and his friends were eating food in a restaurant．Suddenly, Chen Hui was unable to breathe because he choked on some food．
Luckily, Wang Lin knew some knowledge of first aid．He asked Chen Hui to keep calm and he asked Li Qiang to call for an ambulance．He slapped Chen Hui hard on the back．Soon Chen Hui threw up a piece of potato which was not chewed up thoroughly．The doctor praised Wang Lin and thought highly of his performance．
Having some knowledge of first aid can save one's life in an emergency．
读后续写
续写初练笔
[参考范文]
Ten years passed, and I often thought of him, wondering how his life turned out and what he had become． Then one day, I decided to look up the number of a former colleague． Opened the telephone directory, and a familiar number attracted my attention． I dialed the number, and about fifteen seconds later, I was talking with a husky voiced gentleman． His opening state was “Teacher, I've missed you”． At that moment, I realized that it was Mike． Now he is a famous criminal lawyer． He sincerely repeated that I was the figure he had ever had, and that he owed it all to me． Had it not been for me, he wouldn't be what he was today．
1 / 6课时分层作业(十五)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
Sunstroke(中暑) is a condition that can quickly go from dangerous to deadly，especially if proper care isn't given immediately．
Sunstroke，sometimes called heatstroke，is a result of the body temperature rising above the safe limit． This causes the body's necessary functions to stop working．
It's usually pretty easy to avoid sunstroke，as long as proper action is taken． In that case，you need to act as quickly as possible to return that person's body to a safe temperature． Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke．
Call for help
Call to get an ambulance as quickly as possible． This should be the first thing you do，especially if the sunstroke person has fainted(昏倒)． Also，call for help from anyone nearby if you're in a public place． If there's no one around，call someone nearby if they can get there sooner than an ambulance． Ask everyone to bring you as much water as possible，if there isn't much nearby．
Get the person to a cooler area
If there's a building nearby，aim for that． Anywhere with plenty of air conditioners and water is perfect． If a building isn't available，bring the person to a well-shaded area．
Get the water flowing
If the person is still conscious，get him or her to drink water． If there's a bathtub available，fill it with cool water and put the person in it．
If your water supply is limited，you have to save it． Dampen a towel or shirt and put it on the person's body． Focus on the face，neck，and chest．
Fan the person
Getting moving air over the person cools him or her down． Use anything，a towel or sheet，a shirt，your hands，or a piece of board． This is where having many people around really helps，as they can combine to fan the entire body．
1．When does a person get sunstroke
A．When the body doesn't function．
B．When proper care is given immediately．
C．When someone is exposed to the sun too long．
D．When the body temperature goes up beyond what one can bear．
2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text
A．Call for assistance from others．
B．Leave the sunstroke person in the shade．
C．Put a wet towel on the person's face．
D．Help the person take some medicine．
3．What is mainly discussed in the text
A．The first aid for sunstroke．
B．The causes of sunstroke．
C．The chief symptoms of sunstroke．
D．The essential prevention of sunstroke．
4．The text probably comes from a(n) ________．
A．guidebook B．book review
C．medical magazine D．official document
B
Green skin is common in science-fiction，but what if green skin were not just for aliens？If humans had green skin，what if it granted us the ability to perform photosynthesis(光合作用)，which plants use to live off sunlight
Let's analyze what science says about it and ask award-winning science-fiction author John Scalzi what he thinks．
Plants can live off photosynthesis because they grow broad，flat leaves to harvest as much light as possible． They also need less energy because they are far less active than animals．
According to Lindsay Turnbull，a plant ecologist at the University of Oxford，if the skin of a woman were photosynthetic like a leaf，the amount of surface area she had would satisfy only 1% of her daily energy requirements to survive． For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands，she would need a lot more skin—about a tennis court's worth，Turnbull estimated．
In addition，photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide． Plants have pores(气孔) that they use to supply the gas to their cells． If photosynthetic humans had chloroplasts(叶绿体)，they might need porous skin to let in carbon dioxide，but such pores might let other things leak in or out—for instance，moisture(水分)—in ways that might prove harmful to the human body．
One might wonder if photosynthetic people might prefer moving to sunny climate． Although such people might receive a small increase from photosynthesis if they moved to a desert area，they would likely have other resource issues to deal with，such as a lack of water，Scalzi said． “There's always going to be trade-offs(平衡)，” he noted．
And would photosynthetic humans prefer holes or no clothing to absorb all those rays？In some photosynthetic societies，clothing might become a symbol of the elite—a sign they get enough energy from food and do not need photosynthesis． You can imagine them saying，“I'm rich，so I can cover up．” Scalzi said．
So would Scalzi want photosynthetic skin for himself？“Probably not，” he said． “I don't see the benefit from it being so great that I would completely change the way I'd look to benefit from it．”
5．Why can't humans live off photosynthesis according to Lindsay Turnbull
A．Because we are less active．
B．Because we wear clothes．
C．Because we don't have green skin．
D．Because our skin area is not large enough．
6．If photosynthesizing humans had pores，what would be the disadvantage
A．They would absorb too much CO2．
B．They would release some useful substances．
C．They would be too small for human beings．
D．They would keep gases from entering the human body．
7．What might be the reason why Scalzi says no to photosynthetic skin for himself
A．He was too conservative to accept that．
B．He wouldn't like to move to sunny climates．
C．He believed there were more risks than benefits．
D．He thought clothing was simply a symbol of the upper class．
8．How does the author support the theme of the text
A．By providing research results．
B．By describing a process．
C．By making classifications．
D．By following the time order．
Ⅱ．应用文写作
假定你是某国际学校学生会主席李华，你校要为外教免费开设汉语课程。请你给学校的外教阿尔弗雷德(Alfred)写封邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：
1．介绍课程开设的目的、时间和地点；
2．描述课程内容(日常用语和中国文化)；
3．发出邀请。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Alfred，
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Looking forward to your early reply．
Yours，
Li Hua
课时分层作业(十五)
Ⅰ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
D D A C D B C A
Ⅱ．[参考范文]
Dear Alfred，
I'm honored to inform you of a piece of good news． Our school has decided to open a free program, which provides Chinese courses for foreign teachers． It aims to make our communication and understanding better． The course will be given at 3 o'clock every Tuesday afternoon in our conference hall．
You'll learn simple everyday speech, which is useful in your daily life and teaching． What's more, you'll learn some Chinese culture，which will make you understand China better． So I'd like to invite you to attend it．
Looking forward to your early reply．
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中暑的危害以及中暑后的一些急救措施。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，当人体的体温超过所能承受的安全极限时，就会中暑，故D项正确。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据Call for help下的“call for help from anyone”可知A项正确；根据Get the person to a cooler area中的最后一句可知B项正确；根据Get the water flowing中第二段第二、三句可知C项正确；D项在文章中没有提到。故选D项。]
3．A [主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了何为中暑以及中暑的危害，结合第三段最后一句“Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke．”可知，下文讲述的是中暑时需要采取的急救措施，故A项正确。]
4．C [文章出处题。文章主要介绍了中暑以及中暑后如何急救的相关知识，故有可能选自一本医学杂志，故C项正确。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人类能不能依靠皮肤的光合作用生存的问题。
5．D [推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands，she would need a lot more skin—about a tennis court's worth，Turnbull estimated． (Turnbull估计，要使光合作用的女士满足自己的能量需求，她需要更多的皮肤——大约相当于网球场的面积。)”可知，Lindsay Turnbull指出，人类不能依靠光合作用生存的原因是我们的皮肤面积不够大。故选D项。]
6．B [推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句可知，如果进行光合作用的人类有叶绿体，他们可能需要多孔的皮肤来吸收二氧化碳，但是这些孔洞可能会使其他东西渗入或渗出，例如水分，这可能对人体有害。由此可知缺点是会释放有用的物质。故选B项。]
7．C [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Scalzi所说的话“I don't see the benefit from it being so great that I would completely change the way I'd look to benefit from it． (我不认为它带来的好处如此之大，以至于我将完全改变我从中受益的方式。)”可知，Scalzi拒绝光合作用皮肤的原因是风险比益处大得多。故选C项。]
8．A [推理判断题。根据第四段中Lindsay Turnbull的说法(如果一个女人的皮肤像叶子一样能进行光合作用，她的表面积仅能满足她每天生存所需能量的1%。 一个进行光合作用的女人要满足她的能量需求，她将需要更多的皮肤。)，并结合全文理解可知，本文通过分析一些研究结果来解答人类依靠皮肤进行光合作用的可行性。故选A项。]
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