(共46张PPT)
Period 4
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION主题语境
人与自然——自然环境保护
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)
harmony n． 融洽；和谐
in harmony with sb．/sth． 与某人/物协调
out of harmony with sb．/sth． 与某人/物不协调
live/work in harmony 很融洽地生活/工作
1．harmonious adj．和谐的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/同义句转换
①The conversation was carried on in a ___________ (harmony) and friendly atmosphere．
②Only in this way can we protect our environment and be ____ harmony with nature．
③To build a harmonious world, the developed countries should be in harmony with others．
→To build a harmonious world, the developed countries shouldn't ____________________ others．
harmonious
in
be out of harmony with
(1)submit to... 向……屈服/认输
submit oneself to... 顺从/屈服于……
submit...to... 把……提交给……
(2)submission n． 投降；提交(物)；服从
2．submit vt．& vi．提交；呈递；屈服
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①No one becomes a member of the team who is not prepared to submit _______ (he) to the rules of the team．
②Your monthly budget must be submitted ___ the company on the first day of each month．
③We think an attempt to force them into __________ (submit) would be lost．
④你必须在6月28日前提交你的文章，这一点很重要。
It is important that ___________________________ before 28th，June．
himself
to
submission
you should submit your article
直接引语和间接引语
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。引述别人的原话，并将原话用引号标出，称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，不需要引号标出的称为间接引语。
直接引语和间接引语之间的转化规则有以下几种：
一、人称变化的三原则
1．“第一人称随主”原则
如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，变为间接引语时从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own．”
玛丽说：“我想拥有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语中为第一人称)
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own．
玛丽说，她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称)
2．“第二人称随宾”原则
如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。
Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for leave？”
她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称)
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for leave．
她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中的主语随主句宾语改为第三人称)
3．“第三人称不更新”原则
直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
Mr． Li said，“Jack is a good worker．”
李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人。”(直接引语中的主语为第三人称)
→Mr． Li said Jack was a good worker．
李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(间接引语中的人称不变)
[即时训练1] 把下列直接引语变为间接引语
①She said，“I have not heard from him since May．”
→She said that ____ had not heard from him since May．
②“When did you go to bed last night？”Father said to Peter．
→Father asked ______ when ___ had gone to bed the night before．
③Mr． Smith said，“Mary is a good worker．”
→Mr． Smith said that _____ was a good worker．
she
Peter
he
Mary
二、时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为过去时态，间接引语的时态则相应向前推一个时态。如下表所示：
直接引语 间接引语
句子时态 一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
一般将来时 过去将来时
His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic．”
他的朋友对他说：“我们正计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时)
→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic．
他的朋友告诉他，他们正计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时)
The organizer said，“We have begun our plan．”
组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时)
→The organizer said that they had begun their plan．
组织者说他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时)
[名师点津] 直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况：
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言；
(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。
Our teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch worms．”
昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语)
→Our teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms．
昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(间接引语时态不变)
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①John said that he _____ (like) reading storybooks．
②He told me that he __________(find) his wallet．
③Mr． Wang told the children that he __________ (leave) for Shanghai
on business the next month．
④She said that she ______________ (finish) her work till that day．
liked
had found
would leave
hadn't finished
三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this这个 that那个
these这些 those那些
时间状语 now现在 then那时
today今天 that day那天
this morning今天上午 that morning那天上午
tonight今天晚上 that night那天晚上
直接引语 间接引语
时间状语 tomorrow明天 the next/followingday第二天
yesterday昨天 the day before前一天
last night昨天晚上 the night before前一天晚上
the day before yesterday前天 two days before两天前
three days ago三天前 three days before三天前
next week下一周 the next/followingweek第二周
ago(至今)以前 before(那时)以前
She asked，“Is this book his？”
她问：“这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用this)
→She asked whether that book was his．
她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that)
直接引语 间接引语
地点状语 here这儿 there那儿
方向性动词 bring带来 take带走
come来 go去
“I'll be very busy today，”said the man．
那个人说：“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today)
→The man said he would be very busy that day．
那个人说那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为that day)
[即时训练3] 把下列直接引语变为间接引语
①He said，“I'm afraid I can't finish this work．”
→He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish ____ work．
②Tom said，“I will visit the Great Wall tomorrow．”
→Tom said that he would visit the Great Wall ____________．
③Miss Zhao said，“These problems are easy．”
→Miss Zhao said that _____ problems were easy．
that
the next day
those
④Bob said，“His wife returned from London 40 years ago．”
→Bob said that his wife had returned from London 40 years _______．
⑤He said to me, “I wrote to my friend yesterday．”
→He told me that he had written to his friend ______________．
before
the day before
四、连接词的选择
1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。
He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened．”
他说：“地震发生时，我正在做饭。”
→He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened．
他说地震发生时，他正在做饭。
2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反义疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或...or not)或if引导。
He said，“Are you interested in English？”
他说：“你对英语感兴趣吗？”
→He asked(me) if/whether I was interested in English．
他问我是否对英语感兴趣。
[名师点津] 如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。
3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“What's your name？”he asked me．
“你叫什么名字？”他问我。
→He asked me what my name was．
他问我我的名字是什么。
[名师点津] 疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
[即时训练4] 将下列句子改为间接引语
①“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary，” said Anne．
→Anne _________________ want to set down a series of facts in a diary．
②I walked over and asked him，“Why aren't you with the other children？”
→I walked over and asked him ______________ with the other children．
said that she didn't
why he wasn't
③I just kept nodding when he asked me, “Is it OK to do this way？”
→I just kept nodding when he asked me __________________________
_______．
④“What should we do to cheer Poppy up？” asked Dad．
→Dad asked __________________ to cheer Poppy up．
⑤“Where are you going？” the father asked his son．
→The father asked his son __________________．
whether/if it was OK to do that
way
what they should do
where he was going
五、直接引语为祈使句时的变化
当直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引语的口气换用ask，invite，advise，warn，tell，order等词，而原直接引语中的谓语动词则变为不定式。
He said to me，“Don't be late tomorrow．”
他对我说：“明天不要迟到。”
→He told me not to be late the next day．
他告诉我第二天不要迟到。
The official said，“Get ready before lunch．”
这位官员说：“午餐之前要准备好。”
→The official ordered us to get ready before lunch．
这位官员要求我们在午餐之前准备好。
[即时训练5] 将直接引语变为间接引语
①The teacher said to the boy，“Open the door, please！”
→____________________________________
②His father said to him, “Don't leave the window open when you are out．”
→________________________________________________________
③“Please explain why you're late，” the boss said to him．
→__________________________________________
The teacher told the boy to open the door．
His father told him not to leave the window open when he was out．
The boss asked him to explain why he was late．
短文语境填空
Last Monday I visited Dr James' clinic．He asked me 1．__________ (arrive/to arrive) at 8：30 2．___________ (tonight/that night)．He 3．____ (said/told) me to bring 4．___(my/your) nightshirt and toothbrush． I arrived on time． His assistant, Charles, invited me 5．_________ (watch/to watch) TV in the waiting room．He told me to relax 6．_____ (here/there) while they got my room ready．An hour later, Charles came back and got me ready for bed．He linked me to a
to arrive
that night
told
my
to watch
there
machine．“Could you please 7．_______(explain/to explain)？” I asked． He explained that the machine recorded brain activity．Charles ordered me 8．_______ (don't/not to) leave the bed until the next morning．To my surprise, I fell asleep right away． In the morning, Dr James told me that except for some leg movements during the night, I had healthy sleep patterns． He advised me 9．_______ (get/to get) some more exercise． At last, he suggested 10．_________ (my going/me to go) on a diet．
explain
not to
to get
my going
①destination n．目的地；终点
②domestic adj．国内的
③reputation n．名声；名誉
④deal with 处理
⑤volume n．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷
课下预习 第二篇课文(Using Language)
⑥garbage n．垃圾；废物
⑦contribute to 促成；造成(某事发生)；捐赠
⑧on board 在船上
⑨enterprise n．公司；企业；事业
⑩end up 结束
restore vt．恢复；使复原；修复
initiative n．新方案；倡议
address v．设法解决
facility n．设施；工具；设备
conservation n．(对环境、文物等)保护；保持
dozens of 许多；很多
dozen n．(一)打；十二个
regarding prep．关于；至于；就……而论
disposal n．去掉；清除；处理
inspection n．检查；查看；视察
fine vt．对……处以罚款
abuse n．& vt．滥用
tackle v．应付；处理
campaign n．运动；战役vi．& vt．参加运动；领导运动
in effect 实际上；在实施中
REDUCING WATER POLLUTION IN THE LI RIVER
The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations① in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region．It attracts millions of domestic② and foreign visitors each year．However，its reputation③ as a top destination has had negative effects on the river's water quality．This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with④ it[1]．
[1]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词actions。
Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing of tourists，many of whom frequently threw into the river[2] ．Many tour boats contributed the problem too．Kitchens on were using lots of oil，which was often thrown into the water．The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly，as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises⑨．Water pollution levels increased，with more household and commercial waste ending up⑩ in the river[3]．In order to feed more
people，more chemicals were used to increase crop production．These chemicals led to severe water quality issues，causing a decrease in the number of fish species[4]．Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty[5]．
[2]“many of whom”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tourists。
[3]此处为with复合结构，其中“ending up in the river”为动词-ing形式短语作宾语补足语。
[4]“causing a decrease in the number of fish species”为动词-ing形式短语作状语。
[5]句中两个that都引导宾语从句。
A comprehensive initiative was started，with a number of measures that addressed the issues[6]．The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation ．The collection and transport of household waste was also improved．Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved． The local government
set up strict regulations regarding further industrial development．
New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods．Furthermore，the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of
clean energy．At the same time，they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses ．With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come[7]．
[6]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a number of measures。
[7]it is believed that...意为“人们相信……”。
In addition，the ambitious“Water Ten Plan”is also now tackling water pollution across the country．Other initiatives，such as the “River Chief System”，hold senior officials responsible for reducing water pollution．With such campaigns in effect ，China's waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future．
减少漓江的水污染
美丽的漓江及其周边迷人的风景是中国广西壮族自治区最著名的旅游目的地之一。它每年吸引数以百万计的国内外游客。然而，它作为首选目的地的声誉已经对河流水质产生了负面影响。本报告着眼于水污染问题以及已经采取的一些措施。
以往，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。许多游船也造成了这个问题。船上的厨房使用大量的油，这些油经常被倒入水中。旅游业的增长也意味着当地人口的迅速增长，以及商业和工业企业的数量的迅速增长。水污染程度增加，更多的家庭和商业废物最终流入河中。为了养活更多的人，人们使用了更多的化学品来增加农作物产量，这些化学品导致了严重的水质问题，导致了鱼类物种数量的减少。当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，并认为应采取紧急措施恢复河流的原貌。
一项全面的倡议已经开始，并采取了一些措施来处理这些问题。污水处理设施的建设改善了水质，节约了用水。生活垃圾的收集和运输也得到了改善。数十家污染企业被关闭或搬迁。当地政府制定了关于进一步发展工业的严格规定。关于游船路线和垃圾处理方法也有了新的规定。此外，地方当局开始利用媒体传播环保意识，鼓励更多地使用清洁能源。与此同时，他们开始定期进行检查，并对滥用职权的旅游组织进行罚款。有了这些措施，人们相信漓江的美丽将世世代代保存下来。
另外，“水十条”的宏伟规划则是为了治理整个国家的水污染问题。例如“河长制”这样的举措，还将减少水污染作为高级官员的责任。实际上，随着这些运动(的展开)，中国的水资源正朝着洁净的、可持续发展的未来迈进。
THANKSPeriod 4 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)
1．harmonious adj．和谐的
harmony n． 融洽；和谐
in harmony with sb．/sth． 与某人/物协调
out of harmony with sb．/sth． 与某人/物不协调
live/work in harmony 很融洽地生活/工作
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/同义句转换
①The conversation was carried on in a ______ (harmony) and friendly atmosphere．
②Only in this way can we protect our environment and be ________ harmony with nature．
③To build a harmonious world, the developed countries should be in harmony with others．
→To build a harmonious world, the developed countries shouldn't ________ others．
2．submit vt．& vi．提交；呈递；屈服
(1)submit to．．． 向……屈服/认输
submit oneself to．．． 顺从/屈服于……
submit．．．to．．． 把……提交给……
(2)submission n． 投降；提交(物)；服从
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①No one becomes a member of the team who is not prepared to submit ________ (he) to the rules of the team．
②Your monthly budget must be submitted ________ the company on the first day of each month．
③We think an attempt to force them into ________ (submit) would be lost．
④你必须在6月28日前提交你的文章，这一点很重要。
It is important that ________________ before 28th，June．
直接引语和间接引语
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。引述别人的原话，并将原话用引号标出，称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，不需要引号标出的称为间接引语。
直接引语和间接引语之间的转化规则有以下几种：
一、人称变化的三原则
1．“第一人称随主”原则
如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，变为间接引语时从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own．”
玛丽说：“我想拥有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语中为第一人称)
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own．
玛丽说，她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称)
2．“第二人称随宾”原则
如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。
Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for leave？”
她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称)
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for leave．
她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中的主语随主句宾语改为第三人称)
3．“第三人称不更新”原则
直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
Mr． Li said，“Jack is a good worker．”
李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人。”(直接引语中的主语为第三人称)
→Mr． Li said Jack was a good worker．
李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(间接引语中的人称不变)
[即时训练1]——把下列直接引语变为间接引语
①She said，“I have not heard from him since May．”
→She said that ________ had not heard from him since May．
②“When did you go to bed last night？”Father said to Peter．
→Father asked ________ when ________ had gone to bed the night before．
③Mr． Smith said，“Mary is a good worker．”
→Mr． Smith said that ________ was a good worker．
二、时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为过去时态，间接引语的时态则相应向前推一个时态。如下表所示：
直接引语 间接引语
句子时态 一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
一般将来时 过去将来时
His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic．”
他的朋友对他说：“我们正计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时)
→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic．
他的朋友告诉他，他们正计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时)
The organizer said，“We have begun our plan．”
组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时)
→The organizer said that they had begun their plan．
组织者说他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时)
[名师点津] 直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况：
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言；
(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。
Our teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch worms．”
昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语)
→Our teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms．
昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(间接引语时态不变)
[即时训练2]——单句语法填空
①John said that he ________ (like) reading storybooks．
②He told me that he ________(find) his wallet．
③Mr． Wang told the children that he ________ (leave) for Shanghai on business the next month．
④She said that she __________ (finish) her work till that day．
三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this这个 that那个
these这些 those那些
时间状语 now现在 then那时
today今天 that day那天
this morning今天上午 that morning那天上午
tonight今天晚上 that night那天晚上
tomorrow明天 the next/followingday第二天
yesterday昨天 the day before前一天
last night昨天晚上 the night before前一天晚上
the day before yesterday前天 two days before两天前
three days ago三天前 three days before三天前
next week下一周 the next/followingweek第二周
ago(至今)以前 before(那时)以前
地点状语 here这儿 there那儿
方向性动词 bring带来 take带走
come来 go去
She asked，“Is this book his？”
她问：“这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用this)
→She asked whether that book was his．
她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that)
“I'll be very busy today，”said the man．
那个人说：“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today)
→The man said he would be very busy that day．
那个人说那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为that day)
[即时训练3]——把下列直接引语变为间接引语
①He said，“I'm afraid I can't finish this work．”
→He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish ________ work．
②Tom said，“I will visit the Great Wall tomorrow．”
→Tom said that he would visit the Great Wall ____________．
③Miss Zhao said，“These problems are easy．”
→Miss Zhao said that ________ problems were easy．
④Bob said，“His wife returned from London 40 years ago．”
→Bob said that his wife had returned from London 40 years ________．
⑤He said to me, “I wrote to my friend yesterday．”
→He told me that he had written to his friend ____________．
四、连接词的选择
1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。
He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened．”
他说：“地震发生时，我正在做饭。”
→He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened．
他说地震发生时，他正在做饭。
2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反义疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(．．．or．．．或．．．or not)或if引导。
He said，“Are you interested in English？”
他说：“你对英语感兴趣吗？”
→He asked(me) if/whether I was interested in English．
他问我是否对英语感兴趣。
[名师点津] 如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。
3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“What's your name？”he asked me．
“你叫什么名字？”他问我。
→He asked me what my name was．
他问我我的名字是什么。
[名师点津] 疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
[即时训练4]——将下列句子改为间接引语
①“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary，” said Anne．
→Anne ________________ want to set down a series of facts in a diary．
②I walked over and asked him，“Why aren't you with the other children？”
→I walked over and asked him ________________ with the other children．
③I just kept nodding when he asked me, “Is it OK to do this way？”
→I just kept nodding when he asked me ________________．
④“What should we do to cheer Poppy up？” asked Dad．
→Dad asked ________________ to cheer Poppy up．
⑤“Where are you going？” the father asked his son．
→The father asked his son ____________________________．
五、直接引语为祈使句时的变化
当直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引语的口气换用ask，invite，advise，warn，tell，order等词，而原直接引语中的谓语动词则变为不定式。
He said to me，“Don't be late tomorrow．”
他对我说：“明天不要迟到。”
→He told me not to be late the next day．
他告诉我第二天不要迟到。
The official said，“Get ready before lunch．”
这位官员说：“午餐之前要准备好。”
→The official ordered us to get ready before lunch．
这位官员要求我们在午餐之前准备好。
[即时训练5]——将直接引语变为间接引语
①The teacher said to the boy，“Open the door, please！”
→___________________________________________________________________
②His father said to him, “Don't leave the window open when you are out．”
→___________________________________________________________________
③“Please explain why you're late，” the boss said to him．
→___________________________________________________________________
短文语境填空
Last Monday I visited Dr． James' clinic．He asked me 1．________ (arrive/to arrive) at 8：30 2．________ (tonight/that night)．He 3．________ (said/told) me to bring 4．______(my/your) nightshirt and toothbrush． I arrived on time． His assistant, Charles, invited me 5．________ (watch/to watch) TV in the waiting room．He told me to relax 6．________ (here/there) while they got my room ready．An hour later, Charles came back and got me ready for bed．He linked me to a machine．“Could you please 7．________(explain/to explain)？” I asked． He explained that the machine recorded brain activity．Charles ordered me 8．________ (don't/not to) leave the bed until the next morning．To my surprise, I fell asleep right away． In the morning, Dr． James told me that except for some leg movements during the night, I had healthy sleep patterns． He advised me 9．________ (get/to get) some more exercise． At last, he suggested 10．________ (my going/me to go) on a diet．
第二篇课文(Using Language)
①destination n．目的地；终点
②domestic adj．国内的
③reputation n．名声；名誉
④deal with处理
⑤volume n．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷
⑥garbage n．垃圾；废物
⑦contribute to促成；造成(某事发生)；捐赠
⑧on board在船上
⑨enterprise n．公司；企业；事业
⑩end up结束
restore vt．恢复；使复原；修复
initiative n．新方案；倡议
address v．设法解决
facility n．设施；工具；设备
conservation n．(对环境、文物等)保护；保持
dozens of许多；很多
dozen n．(一)打；十二个
regarding prep．关于；至于；就……而论
disposal n．去掉；清除；处理
inspection n．检查；查看；视察
fine vt．对……处以罚款
abuse n．& vt．滥用
tackle v．应付；处理
campaign n．运动；战役vi．& vt．参加运动；领导运动
in effect 实际上；在实施中
REDUCING WATER POLLUTION IN THE LI RIVER
The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations① in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region．It attracts millions of domestic② and foreign visitors each year．However，its reputation③ as a top destination has had negative effects on the river's water quality．This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with④ it[1]．
[1]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词actions。
Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume⑤ of tourists，many of whom frequently threw garbage⑥ into the river[2]．Many tour boats contributed to⑦ the problem too．Kitchens on board⑧ were using lots of oil，which was often thrown into the water．The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly，as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises⑨．Water pollution levels increased，with more household and commercial waste ending up⑩ in the river[3]．In order to feed more people，more chemicals were used to increase crop production．These chemicals led to severe water quality issues，causing a decrease in the number of fish species[4]．Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty[5]．
[2]“many of whom”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tourists。
[3]此处为with复合结构，其中“ending up in the river”为动词-ing形式短语作宾语补足语。
[4]“causing a decrease in the number of fish species”为动词-ing形式短语作状语。
[5]句中两个that都引导宾语从句。
A comprehensive initiative was started，with a number of measures that addressed the issues[6]．The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation ．The collection and transport of household waste was also improved．Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved．The local government set up strict regulations regarding further industrial development．New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods．Furthermore，the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy．At the same time，they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses ．With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come[7]．
[6]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a number of measures。
[7]it is believed that．．．意为“人们相信……”。
In addition，the ambitious“Water Ten Plan”is also now tackling water pollution across the country．Other initiatives，such as the “River Chief System”，hold senior officials responsible for reducing water pollution．With such campaigns in effect ，China's waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future．
减少漓江的水污染
美丽的漓江及其周边迷人的风景是中国广西壮族自治区最著名的旅游目的地之一。它每年吸引数以百万计的国内外游客。然而，它作为首选目的地的声誉已经对河流水质产生了负面影响。本报告着眼于水污染问题以及已经采取的一些措施。
以往，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。许多游船也造成了这个问题。船上的厨房使用大量的油，这些油经常被倒入水中。旅游业的增长也意味着当地人口的迅速增长，以及商业和工业企业的数量。水污染程度增加，更多的家庭和商业废物最终流入河中。为了养活更多的人，人们使用了更多的化学品来增加农作物产量，这些化学品导致了严重的水质问题，导致了鱼类物种数量的减少。当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，并认为应采取紧急措施恢复河流的原貌。
一项全面的倡议已经开始，并采取了一些措施来处理这些问题。污水处理设施的建设改善了水质，节约了用水。生活垃圾的收集和运输也得到了改善。数十家污染企业被关闭或搬迁。当地政府制定了关于进一步发展工业的严格规定。关于游船路线和垃圾处理方法也有了新的规定。此外，地方当局开始利用媒体传播环保意识，鼓励更多地使用清洁能源。与此同时，他们开始定期进行检查，并对滥用职权的旅游组织进行罚款。有了这些措施，人们相信漓江的美丽将世世代代保存下来。
另外，“水十条”的宏伟规划则是为了治理整个国家的水污染问题。例如“河长制”这样的举措，还将减少水污染作为高级官员的责任。实际上，随着这些运动(的展开)，中国的水资源正朝着洁净的、可持续发展的未来迈进。
Period 4
核心词汇
1．①harmonious ②in ③be out of harmony with
2．①himself ②to ③submission ④you should submit your article
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①she ②Peter；he ③Mary
[即时训练2]
①liked ②had found ③would leave
④hadn't finished
[即时训练3]
①that ②the next day ③those ④before
⑤the day before
[即时训练4]
①said that she didn't ②why he wasn't
③whether/if it was OK to do that way ④what they should do ⑤where he was going
[即时训练5]
①The teacher told the boy to open the door．
②His father told him not to leave the window open when he was out． ③The boss asked him to explain why he was late．
巩固落实
短文语境填空
1．to arrive 2．that night 3．told 4．my 5．to watch 6．there 7．explain 8．not to 9．to get 10．my going
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