(共29张PPT)
Period 5
UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
主题语境
人与自我——优秀品行
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer to each question．
1．What can we know about the sailors from the first paragraph
A．They had mixed feelings at the time．
B．They were sure they would be saved．
C．They had no faith in Shackleton．
D．They all wanted to go with Shackleton．
课时练案 课文整体教学(Using Language)
√
2．What was the most important thing for the sailors on Elephant Island
A．Making fire． B．Finding trees．
C．Getting oil． D．Surviving．
3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The shortage of food and vegetables．
B．The effects of the changing temperatures．
C．The spread of illnesses there．
D．The clothes they wore．
√
√
4．Which of the following best describes Shackleton
A．He was a warm-hearted man．
B．He was a man of his word．
C．He was a generous man．
D．He was a mean man．
√
1．bat n．球拍；蝙蝠 vi．& vt．用球板击球；挥打；拍打
①(教材原句)Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat． ________
②He bats very well． ______________
③At dusk bats appear in vast numbers． ________
n．球拍
vi．用球板击球
n．蝙蝠
2．episode n．一集；(小说的)片段；插曲；(人生的)一段经历
①(教材原句)This was an episode in my life that I would never forget．
_________________
②Don't miss next week's thrilling episode！ _____
(人生的)一段经历
一集
1．(学会断句)There were no trees/growing on Antarctica/and no oil，so the only fuel/we could use/was animal fat．
[分析]本句是一个并列复合句，由___连接两个并列分句。第一个分句中growing on Antarctica作_____，修饰trees。第二个分句中we could use为省略了that的_____从句，修饰the only fuel。
[翻译]_____________________________________________________
____________________
so
定语
定语
南极洲没有树木生长，也没有石油，所以我们唯一能使用的
燃料就是动物脂肪。
2．(学会断句)When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy/that many of us/could not hide our tears．
[分析]本句是一个复合句。when引导_________从句，主句中that引导_________从句，与前面的such构成“such...that...”句型。
[翻译]_____________________________________________________
__________________________
时间状语
结果状语
当我们最终获救时，我们感到如此欣慰和快乐，以至于我们
中的许多人掩藏不住泪水。
1．(续写佳句)We felt so alone and desperate．
我们感到如此孤独和绝望。
2．(续写佳句)There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up．
没有什么比得上一顿好饭和一点儿音乐能让我们振作起来了。
set fire to 使燃烧，点燃，纵火
set...on fire 使……燃烧，放火烧；使……激动
catch fire 着火，起火(强调动作)
be on fire 着火(强调状态)
play with fire 玩火；冒险
1．make fire 生火
[即学即练]——用fire的相关短语填空/一句多译
①Many of the buildings in the west of the city are ________．
②Do not stand too close to that stove．Your clothes may __________．
③我试图用火柴点着木头，但是只冒出了烟。
a．I attempted to __________________ with a match, but produced only smoke．(set fire to sth．)
b．I attempted to __________________ with a match, but produced only smoke．(set sth． on fire)
on fire
catch fire
set fire to the wood
set the wood on fire
give up 戒除；放弃；让出
give in(to...) (向……)屈服，投降，让步；递交
give away 不小心透露；赠送，免费给予
give out 分配，分发；(食物、燃料、力气 等) 用光
2．give off 发出(热、光、气味或气体)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He gave _____ most of his fortune to the poor．
②If burnt，rubber can give ____ a poisonous gas．
③The argument went on for hours because neither side would give ___．
④面对困难，他们从不放弃，并尽最大努力寻找解决的办法。
Faced with difficulties，they ______________ and try their best to find a way out．
away
off
in
never give up
(1)make a commitment to do/doing sth．
承诺做某事
(2)commit v． 犯(错误、罪行等)；承诺；保证； 投入
commit a crime/an error 犯罪/犯错误
commit to sb．/sth． 忠于某人/全身心地投入某事
commit sb．/oneself to (doing) sth．
承诺(做)某事
(3)committed adj． 尽心尽力的；坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth． 承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事
3．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①The world has already committed to _______(set) up a Climate Adaptation Fund．
②Tom is a _________(commit) member of the team and is highly thought of by other players．
③我已承诺会全力帮助你学习英语。
a．I ______________________________________ you with your English study．(commitment)
setting
committed
have made a commitment to thoroughly help
b．I _______________________________________ you with your English study．(commit)
c．I _____________________________________ you with your English study．(committed)
have committed myself to thoroughly helping
have been committed to thoroughly helping
[教材P44] If it weren't for sea animals，we would all starve．
如果没有海洋生物，我们都会饿死。
1．虚拟条件句
[句式分析] 本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。
If I had time，I would join the club．
如果我有时间，我就会加入那个俱乐部。
虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的假设 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had＋过去分词 would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 (1)动词的过去式 (2)were to＋动词原形 (3)should＋动词原形 would/could/should/might＋动词原形
虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用
[名师点津] 在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果谓语动词有were/should/had(构成过去完成时)时，可以省略if，把它们提到主语前面，条件从句变为部分倒装句。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①If it were to snow tomorrow，we ___________ (take) photos．
②If I had enough money now，I __________ (buy) a car．
③If we ___________ (drive) in turn，you wouldn't have got so tired．
④要是我早一点去接他，他就不用走那么远的路了。
a．__________________________，he wouldn't have had to walk so far．(if引导虚拟条件句)
b．_________________________，he wouldn't have had to walk so far．(倒装句)
would take
would buy
had driven
If I had picked him up earlier
Had I picked him up earlier
[教材P45] Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way．
我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，并帮助我们以积极和成功的方式应对我们的恐惧。
2．keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[句式分析] 本句为简单句，and连接kept和helped两个并列的谓语动词。其中keep us optimistic为“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
The challenging puzzle kept her thinking for hours, but she still couldn't find the answer．
这道具有挑战性的谜题让她思考了几个小时，但她仍然找不到答案。
在keep复合结构(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)中，可以用作宾语补足语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is necessary that we keep the young generation ________ (inform) of the current affairs．
②The question kept me __________ (wonder) for the rest of the night．
③He kept the door _______ (lock) all day while he was away．
④它能够使我们免于近视，而且能使我们保持身体健康。
It can prevent us from getting short-sighted and it can _______________
__________．
informed
wondering
locked
keep our body
healthy
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．They might have found a better hotel if they ___________ (drive) a few more kilometers．
2．Fireflies will give ___ flashes of light when they fly at night．
3．She kept the children _______ (amuse) for hours．
4．To fulfill my goal, I'm committed to _______ (make) full use of my limited time to achieve it．
5．During our camping trip, we had _________ (make) fire to cook the meals．
had driven
off
amused
making
to make
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．换句话说，只有你致力于你的学习和生活目标，你最终才能成功。
In other words，only if _______________________________________
can you finally make it．
2．如果我是一名清洁工，我会让我们的城市更干净，让大街上没有垃圾。
______________________________ our city cleaner with no garbage lying on the streets．
3．让你的眼睛长时间工作是不对的。
It's not right ____________________________________．
you are committed to your learning and life goals
If I were a dustman，I would make
to keep your eyes working for a long time
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
We watched as Shackleton and the boat 1．______(sail) away from Elephant Island．It was easy 2．___________ (imagine) the danger ahead of them．There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us 3．___．
sailed
to imagine
up
Staying alive was not easy．The island had no water．We could only melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it．There were no trees 4．________ (grow) on Antarctica and no oil，so the only fuel we could use was animal fat．We had to be careful not to go outside too often，as the changing temperatures could make us ill．Many of us also became ill from the smoke of the animal fat 5．___________ we burnt for our fires．
growing
that/which
We lived like this in the cold for four months．Our discipline and team spirit kept us 6．__________(optimist)and helped us deal with our fears in 7．___ positive and successful way．When we 8．_____________ (rescue)，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears．Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive．9．_______ (final)，he paid us back by his 10．___________ (commit)to save us from a slow but painful death．
optimistic
a
were rescued
Finally
commitment
课时分层作业(十一)
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（WORD版）
巩固课堂所学 · 激发学习思维
夯实基础知识 · 熟悉命题方式
自我检测提能 · 及时矫正不足
本节课掌握了哪些考点？
本节课还有什么疑问点？
课后训练
学习反思
课时小结Period 5 课文整体教学(Using Language)
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer to each question．
1．What can we know about the sailors from the first paragraph
A．They had mixed feelings at the time．
B．They were sure they would be saved．
C．They had no faith in Shackleton．
D．They all wanted to go with Shackleton．
2．What was the most important thing for the sailors on Elephant Island
A．Making fire． B．Finding trees．
C．Getting oil． D．Surviving．
3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The shortage of food and vegetables．
B．The effects of the changing temperatures．
C．The spread of illnesses there．
D．The clothes they wore．
4．Which of the following best describes Shackleton
A．He was a warm-hearted man．
B．He was a man of his word．
C．He was a generous man．
D．He was a mean man．
1．bat n．球拍；蝙蝠 vi．& vt．用球板击球；挥打；拍打
①(教材原句)Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat． ________
②He bats very well． ________
③At dusk bats appear in vast numbers． ________
2．episode n．一集；(小说的)片段；插曲；(人生的)一段经历
①(教材原句)This was an episode in my life that I would never forget． ________
②Don't miss next week's thrilling episode！ ________
1．(学会断句)There were no trees/growing on Antarctica/and no oil，so the only fuel/we could use/was animal fat．
[分析]本句是一个并列复合句，由________连接两个并列分句。第一个分句中growing on Antarctica作________，修饰trees。第二个分句中we could use为省略了that的______从句，修饰the only fuel。
[翻译]_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2．(学会断句)When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy/that many of us/could not hide our tears．
[分析]本句是一个复合句。when引导________从句，主句中that引导________从句，与前面的such构成“such．．．that．．．”句型。
[翻译]_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
1．(续写佳句)We felt so alone and desperate．
我们感到如此孤独和绝望。
2．(续写佳句)There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up．
没有什么比得上一顿好饭和一点儿音乐能让我们振作起来了。
1．make fire生火
set fire to 使燃烧，点燃，纵火
set．．．on fire 使……燃烧，放火烧；使……激动
catch fire 着火，起火(强调动作)
be on fire 着火(强调状态)
play with fire 玩火；冒险
[即学即练]——用fire的相关短语填空/一句多译
①Many of the buildings in the west of the city are ____________．
②Do not stand too close to that stove．Your clothes may ____________．
③我试图用火柴点着木头，但是只冒出了烟。
a．I attempted to ________________ with a match, but produced only smoke．(set fire to sth．)
b．I attempted to ________________ with a match, but produced only smoke．(set sth． on fire)
2．give off发出(热、光、气味或气体)
give up 戒除；放弃；让出
give in(to．．．) (向……)屈服，投降，让步；递交
give away 不小心透露；赠送，免费给予
give out 分配，分发；(食物、燃料、力气等)用光
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He gave ________ most of his fortune to the poor．
②If burnt，rubber can give ________ a poisonous gas．
③The argument went on for hours because neither side would give ________．
④面对困难，他们从不放弃，并尽最大努力寻找解决的办法。
Faced with difficulties，they ______________ and try their best to find a way out．
3．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献
(1)make a commitment to do/doing sth． 承诺做某事
(2)commit v． 犯(错误、罪行等)；承诺；保证；投入
commit a crime/an error 犯罪/犯错误
commit to sb．/sth． 忠于某人/全身心地投入某事
commit sb．/oneself to (doing) sth． 承诺(做)某事
(3)committed adj． 尽心尽力的；坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth． 承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①The world has already committed to ________(set) up a Climate Adaptation Fund．
②Tom is a ________(commit) member of the team and is highly thought of by other players．
③我已承诺会全力帮助你学习英语。
a．I ________________________ you with your English study．(commitment)
b．I ________________________ you with your English study．(commit)
c．I ________________________ you with your English study．(committed)
1．虚拟条件句
[教材P44] If it weren't for sea animals，we would all starve．
如果没有海洋生物，我们都会饿死。
[句式分析] 本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。
If I had time，I would join the club．
如果我有时间，我就会加入那个俱乐部。
虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用 虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)would/could/ should/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反的假设had＋过去分词would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反的假设(1)动词的过去式 (2)were to＋动词原形 (3)should＋动词原形would/could/should/might＋动词原形
[名师点津] 在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果谓语动词有were/should/had(构成过去完成时)时，可以省略if，把它们提到主语前面，条件从句变为部分倒装句。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①If it were to snow tomorrow，we ________ (take) photos．
②If I had enough money now，I ________ (buy) a car．
③If we ________ (drive) in turn，you wouldn't have got so tired．
④要是我早一点去接他，他就不用走那么远的路了。
a．________________________，he wouldn't have had to walk so far．(if引导虚拟条件句)
b．________________________，he wouldn't have had to walk so far．(倒装句)
2．keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[教材P45] Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way．
我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，并帮助我们以积极和成功的方式应对我们的恐惧。
[句式分析] 本句为简单句，and连接kept和helped两个并列的谓语动词。其中keep us optimistic为“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
The challenging puzzle kept her thinking for hours, but she still couldn't find the answer．
这道具有挑战性的谜题让她思考了几个小时，但她仍然找不到答案。
在keep复合结构(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)中，可以用作宾语补足语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is necessary that we keep the young generation ________ (inform) of the current affairs．
②The question kept me ________ (wonder) for the rest of the night．
③He kept the door ________ (lock) all day while he was away．
④它能够使我们免于近视，而且能使我们保持身体健康。
It can prevent us from getting short-sighted and it can ____________．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．They might have found a better hotel if they ________ (drive) a few more kilometers．
2．Fireflies will give ________ flashes of light when they fly at night．
3．She kept the children ________ (amuse) for hours．
4．To fulfill my goal, I'm committed to ______ (make) full use of my limited time to achieve it．
5．During our camping trip, we had ________ (make) fire to cook the meals．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．换句话说，只有你致力于你的学习和生活目标，你最终才能成功。
In other words，only if ________________________ can you finally make it．
2．如果我是一名清洁工，我会让我们的城市更干净，让大街上没有垃圾。
________________，________________our city cleaner with no garbage lying on the streets．
3．让你的眼睛长时间工作是不对的。
It's not right ________________________．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
We watched as Shackleton and the boat 1．________(sail) away from Elephant Island．It was easy 2．________ (imagine) the danger ahead of them．There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us 3．________．
Staying alive was not easy．The island had no water．We could only melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it．There were no trees 4．________ (grow) on Antarctica and no oil，so the only fuel we could use was animal fat．We had to be careful not to go outside too often，as the changing temperatures could make us ill．Many of us also became ill from the smoke of the animal fat 5．________ we burnt for our fires．
We lived like this in the cold for four months．Our discipline and team spirit kept us 6．________(optimist)and helped us deal with our fears in 7．________ positive and successful way．When we 8．________ (rescue)，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears．Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive．9．________ (final)，he paid us back by his 10．________ (commit)to save us from a slow but painful death．
Period 5
课文理解
1－4 ADBB
课文精粹
Ⅰ一词多义
1．①n．球拍 ②vi．用球板击球 ③n．蝙蝠
2．①(人生的)一段经历 ②一集
Ⅱ长难语句
1．分析：so；定语；定语
翻译：南极洲没有树木生长，也没有石油，所以我们唯一能使用的燃料就是动物脂肪。
2．分析：时间状语；结果状语
翻译：当我们最终获救时，我们感到如此欣慰和快乐，以至于我们中的许多人掩藏不住泪水。
核心词汇
1．①on fire ②catch fire ③set fire to the wood；set the wood on fire
2．①away ②off ③in ④never give up
3．①setting ②committed ③have made a commitment to thoroughly help；have committed myself to thoroughly helping；have been committed to thoroughly helping
句法句式
1．①would take ②would buy ③had driven
④If I had picked him up earlier；Had I picked him up earlier
2．①informed ②wondering ③locked ④keep our body healthy
巩固落实
Ⅰ．1．had driven 2．off 3．amused 4．making 5．to make
Ⅱ．1．you are committed to your learning and life goals 2．If I were a dustman，I would make 3．to keep your eyes working for a long time
Ⅲ．1．sailed 2．to imagine 3．up 4．growing 5．that/which 6．optimistic 7．a 8．were rescued 9．Finally 10．commitment
1 / 6课时分层作业(十一)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．I have a (动机) in offering to help you this time．
2．In fact，he bought such a large house just for (消遣)．
3．If you live in this (潮湿的) room，you have to buy some more quilts．
4．They planned to fill the new house with some new (家具)．
5．She has much work experience．Therefore，we consider her the best (候选人) for the job．
Ⅱ．选词填空
make fire，hold on，go from bad to worse，turn down，give off
1．There was a time when the air quality because of the serious pollution．
2．The university admission committee my application for the scholarship．
3．On a cold night，people can to keep warm．
4．Can you ？I'll see if he's here．
5．If plastic is burnt，it will poisonous gases．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
Humans are not the animal kingdom's only fashionistas．Tits (雀) can be fashion followers, too, apparently．A latest study shows that, given the chance, they decorate their nests with this season's must-have colour．
Dr．Wild and Dr．Aplin were following up on a study published in 1934 by Henry Smith Williams, an American naturalist．He noticed that when he put various coloured balls of yarn (纱) out in his garden, almost always one and only one became popular that season for being included into local birds' nests．But which particular colour was favoured varied from season to season．This suggested that the colour chosen by one of the early birds was spotted and copied by others．
Williams's work was, however, forgotten until they came across it while following up on a different study, published by a team at the University of Toulouse, suggesting fashion-following, too．Dr．Wild and Dr．Aplin therefore set out to re-run Williams's experiment, but this time to collect some actual numbers．
The birds they followed were part of a well-monitored population of blue tits in a wood near the institute．Most birds in this wood carried tracking devices fitted to them after their capture in mist nets．That allowed the institute's researchers to keep track of a vast number of individuals by recording their arrival at food containers throughout the wood．Instead of food, these containers were loaded with wool of different colours．Interestingly, researchers soon found that most nests of blue tits included only the colour of the wool first chosen by a nest builder．
Tits, then, do seem to be “on trend”， when it comes to nest-building materials．Why that should happen remains obscure．Dr．Wild and Dr．Aplin suspect the fashion leaders are older birds, and that evolution favours younger ones copying their elders since those elders have evidently survived what fortune has to throw at a tit．Williams's original work, though, suggests such initial choices are at random—a bit like those of the leaders of human fashions．
1．What can we learn from paragraph 2
A．Dr．Wild and Dr．Aplin contributed to Williams's work．
B．Early birds' colour preference was copied by their fellows．
C．The yarn was the most popular material to decorate local birds' nests．
D．The colour of the yarn favoured by local birds was fixed throughout the year．
2．How did Dr．Wild and Dr．Aplin improve Williams's experiment
A．They observed the blue tits．
B．They studied the habits of blue tits．
C．They adopted the data-collecting method．
D．They fitted tracking devices to food containers．
3．What does the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Hidden． B．Evident．
C．Complicated． D．Shallow．
4．What is the main idea of the text
A．Birds favour certain colors in decoration．
B．Young birds follow their elders in fashion．
C．Young birds are just as intelligent as people．
D．Birds are just as fashion-conscious as people．
Ⅳ．完形填空
My daughter Emma complained I always got mad at her． I had to admit I've been 1 to every little problem．I couldn't help looking on the dark side．The doctor said I was 2 ．I had to find some way to get out of this 3 of negativity．
Soon after, a friend showed me his macro lens (微距镜头), which he 4 to his smartphone to take extremely close-up photographs．His photos made very small subjects look larger than life．I was attracted to it immediately．
I got one for myself．I headed out into the yard．I spotted a butterfly．Through my new lens, I could see how it changed its colour, depending on the 5 of light．Every day I went to the yard to look for something interesting to photograph．Some insects flew away as soon as I 6 them, so I trained myself to slow my breathing and relax my body．Anything bothering me would 7 ．Looking through my macro lens took me to amazing things I had walked past without 8 ．I'd capture a leaf, and a spider．Focusing my energy and lens on something so small brought me the 9 I'd never felt．
Macrophotography became my 10 ．It also went into other parts of my life．One day when Emma displeased me, I took deep breaths．Then I 11 explained why her behavior 12 me．
I've made peace with depression after I discovered macrophotography．I can 13 darker days now．I can feel my anger or sadness, and then find a way out．It takes 14 and shadow to make an interesting photograph．I think the same is 15 of life．
1．A．overreacting B．overloading
C．overlooking D．overworking
2．A．conservative B．depressed
C．confused D．motivated
3．A．side B．period
C．cycle D．access
4．A．appointed B．selected
C．attached D．attracted
5．A．length B．temperature
C．time D．angle
6．A．approached B．collected
C．caught D．exhibited
7．A．break up B．stick out
C．fade away D．hold on
8．A．greeting B．remarking
C．regretting D．noticing
9．A．respect B．peace
C．power D．guidance
10．A．work B．outlet
C．outcome D．result
11．A．calmly B．gradually
C．eventually D．frequently
12．A．touched B．seized
C．interrupted D．bothered
13．A．imagine B．praise
C．face D．forget
14．A．patience B．colour
C．light D．money
15．A．true B．precious
C．fair D．critical
Ⅴ．语法填空
In ancient times, all roads 1． (lead) from the outside to Sichuan were referred to as the Shu Path, including those from Shaanxi and Gansu．
Surrounded by mountains, Sichuan, called Shu in ancient times, was known for its inaccessibility．That became widely known partly due to a line from Chinese poet Li Bai, 2． reads “Traveling on the Shu Path is as difficult as climbing to heaven”．The most famous section of the Shu Path is about 600 kilometers long．It starts at Chengdu, and then passes Deyang and Guangyuan in Sichuan before ending in Hanzhong in Shaanxi．The 3． (construct) of the section started around 316 BC．It was on such 4． (danger) mountains that Li Bai was inspired 5． (mention) it．
When builders approached the Mingyue Gorge in Guangyuan, they found 6． impossible to continue because of high cliffs (悬崖)．So they dug three levels of holes in the rock, and put in wooden beams．The upper beams were 7． (complete) covered by planks (木板) to form a road for people to walk on．The plank road 8． (rebuild) many times during wars．Now part of it has been restored to allow visitors to admire the man-made wonder．
The Sword Gate Pass, a towering V-shaped mountain pass—the one that gave rise 9． a household idiom, “One man at the pass keeps 10，000 men at bay”—witnessed countless battles during the Three Kingdoms and 10． (be) a tourist attraction now in the Guangyuan section of the Shu Path．
课时分层作业(十一)
Ⅰ．1．motive 2．recreation 3．damp 4．furniture
5．candidate
Ⅱ．1．went from bad to worse 2．turned down 3．make fire 4．hold on 5．give off
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4
B C A D
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A B C C D A C D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B B A D C C A
Ⅴ．1．leading 2．which 3．construction
4．dangerous 5．to mention 6．it
7．completely 8．was rebuilt 9．to 10．is
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。人类并不是动物界唯一的时尚达人。研究表明，山雀也像人类一样追随潮流，用流行色装点巢穴。
1．B [推理判断题。根据第二自然段内容可知，最开始的鸟类的颜色偏好被它们的同伴模仿了。故选B。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第三自然段中的“Dr．Wild and Dr．Aplin therefore set out to re-run Williams's experiment, but this time to collect some actual numbers．”可知，Wild博士和Aplin博士采用了数据收集的方法来改进Williams的实验。故选C。]
3．A [词义猜测题。根据第五自然段中的“Dr．Wild and Dr．Aplin suspect the fashion leaders are older birds, and that evolution favours younger ones copying their elders since those elders have evidently survived what fortune has to throw at a tit．”中的“suspect”可推知，为什么会发生这种情况还不清楚。obscure意为“不清楚的；隐蔽的”。故选A。]
4．D [主旨大意题。根据第一自然段内容可知，本文主要讲的是鸟类像人类一样追随潮流。D项“Birds are just as fashion-conscious as people．(鸟类和人一样具有时尚意识)”最能概括本文大意。故选D。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者之前患有抑郁症，总是看到生活中令人不愉快的一面。通过微距摄影，作者摆脱了消极的循环，对生活有了新的认识。
1．A [根据上文“I always got mad at her”以及下文“every little problem”可知，作者的女儿Emma抱怨作者总是对小问题做出过度反应。故选A。]
2．B [根据最后一段中的 “I've made peace with depression after I discovered macrophotography．”可知，医生诊断作者得了抑郁症。故选B。]
3．C [根据上文“The doctor said I was ．”可知，作者得了抑郁症，所以需要解决这个恶性循环。故选C。]
4．C [根据常识可知，微距镜头需要附在手机上。故选C。]
5．D [根据上文“it changed its colour”可知，蝴蝶的颜色改变是在不同角度的光线下发生的。故选D。]
6．A [根据上文“Some insects flew away”以及下文“so I trained myself to slow my breathing and relax my body”可知，作者拍摄需要靠近一些昆虫时，昆虫就飞走了，所以作者需要训练自己放慢呼吸和放轻身体。故选A。]
7．C [根据下文“I've made peace with depression after I discovered macrophotography．”可知，困扰作者的事情都消失了。故选C。]
8．D [根据上文“I couldn't help looking on the dark side．”可知，作者之前总是看到生活中令人不快的一面，所以忽视了生活中的美好。透过微距镜头，作者看到了自己未曾注意到的美好的事物。故选D。]
9．B [根据下文“I've made peace with depression after I discovered macrophotography．”可知，作者找到了从未有过的平静。下文中的peace是原词复现。故选B。]
10．B [根据上文“I had to find some way to get out of this of negativity．”和下文“I can feel my anger or sadness, and then find a way out．”可知，微距摄影成了作者的情绪出口。故选B。]
11．A [根据上文“I took deep breaths”可知，作者能够平静地对女儿做出解释。故选A。]
12．D [根据上文“Emma displeased me”以及“Anything bothering me would ．”可知，此处指她的行为困扰着我。故选D。]
13．C [根据下文“I can feel my anger or sadness, and then find a way out．”可知，作者说自己能感觉到愤怒或悲伤，然后找到解决的方法，所以作者可以面对更令人不快的日子。故选C。]
14．C [根据上文“the of light”以及下文“shadow”可知，要拍出有趣的照片需要光和影。故选C。]
15．A [根据上文“It takes and shadow to make an interesting photograph．”可知，作者认为生活也是如此(有光明的一面，即光，也有黑暗的一面，即影)。故选A。]
Ⅴ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。蜀道，是古代由外界通往蜀地的道路。蜀道穿越秦岭和大巴山，山高谷深，道路崎岖，难以通行，诗仙李白曾作《蜀道难》一诗，具言蜀道之艰难。
1．leading [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语形式。all roads与lead之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故用动词-ing形式短语作后置定语。]
2．which [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为名词line，引导词在从句中作主语，故用which。]
3．construction [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处作主语，根据空前的“The”和空后的“of”可知，空处应用名词形式。construction“建造，施工”，为不可数名词。]
4．dangerous [考查词性转换。此处用形容词修饰名词mountains。]
5．to mention [考查非谓语动词。be inspired to do sth．“被激励做某事”。]
6．it [考查代词。此处用it作found的形式宾语，其真正的宾语是后面的不定式to continue。]
7．completely [考查词性转换。修饰谓语部分，应用副词completely。]
8．was rebuilt [考查动词时态及语态。根据句意可知，The plank road与rebuild之间为被动关系，且表示过去(战争时期)的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态。]
9．to [考查介词。give rise to sth．“使发生(或存在)”。]
10．is [考查主谓一致及时态。根据句意可知，主语是The Sword Gate Pass，且表示一般情况，故用第三人称单数形式。]
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