(共26张PPT)
Period 6
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION主题语境
人与自然——自然环境保护
报告是就一个问题展开调查后做出的分析与总结，是一种应用文体。调查者在对特定对象深入考察了解的基础上，经过归纳整理，分析研究，进而揭示事物的本质，得出符合实际的结论，并用文字形式将其表现出来。写作时要注意知识的科学性，行文的条理性和语言的准确性。
写有关环境问题的报告
课时学案 写作(Writing)
一、基本框架
二、常用表达
1．With the global warming becoming more and more serious，some Arctic species will probably die out．
随着全球变暖变得越来越严重，一些北极物种可能会灭绝。
2．Air and water are being polluted so that the environment in which animals live is destroyed．
空气和水正受到污染，以至于动物生存的环境被破坏。
3．Nowadays，the issue of environmental protection is becoming more and more important．
如今，环境保护的问题正变得越来越重要。
4．We should balance advantages against disadvantages of development and keep the balance of nature．
我们应该平衡发展的利弊和维持自然的平衡。
5．It's time to raise people's awareness of environmental protection and appeal to more people to care for wildlife．
是时候提高人们的环境保护意识，呼吁更多的人关心野生动植物了。
6．I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation．
我急切呼吁应该采取措施应对现状。
7．It's high time that we should protect our environment from being polluted．
现在是我们保护环境不受污染的时候了。
8．I suggest that each of us should do our part to protect our earth．
我建议我们每一个人都应该尽自己的力量来保护我们的地球。
当今社会，越来越多的人关注气候变化。请你写一篇报告，简要描述过量排放二氧化碳的危害(严重的风暴、干旱、全球变暖等)，并提出具体建议，号召人们选择低碳生活方式。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[审题构思]
1．确定体裁：应用文；
2．确定人称：第三人称为主；
3．确定时态：一般现在时；
4．确定内容：①引入话题：过量排放二氧化碳的危害；
②介绍细节：人们已经意识到危害，采取的行动；
③发出倡议。
[遣词造句]
1．随着空气中二氧化碳含量的迅速增加，全球气温持续上升。
As the level of carbon dioxide in the air increases rapidly，the global temperature ____________________．
2．它导致更高的海平面，更多的风暴、洪水、干旱，甚至物种灭绝。
It ___________________________________________________，even the extinction of species．
continues going up
results in a higher sea level，more storms，floods，droughts
3．联合国会议关注的是未来应对气候变化的行动，这已经引起越来越多人的关注。
The UN Conference ____________________________________and it has attracted more and more people's attention．
4．人们意识到过低碳生活是必须的。
People realized that ________________________________．
focuses on future actions on climate changes
living a low-carbon life is necessary
5．如果情况允许，我们可以回收罐头、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。如果可以，我们可以步行或骑自行车。
Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers________________
___________． Walk or ride a bike if we can．
6．如果我们所有人都考虑这些问题，过低碳生活的话，我们将在未来拥有一个更好、更清洁的家。
If all of us think about the problems and live a low-carbon life，____________________________________________．
if circumstances
allow us to
we shall have a better and cleaner home in the future
[句式升级]
1．把句1升级为“with＋名词＋动词-ing形式”结构
___________________________________________________________
_______________________________
2．把句3升级为含有非限制性定语从句的复合句
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
With the level of carbon dioxide in the air increasing rapidly，the global
temperature continues going up．
The UN Conference focuses on future actions on climate changes，which
has attracted more and more people's attention．
[连句成篇]
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
With the level of carbon dioxide in the air increasing rapidly，the global temperature continues going up．It results in a higher sea level，more storms，floods，droughts，even the extinction of species．
The UN Conference focuses on future actions on climate changes，which has attracted more and more people's attention．People realized that living a low-carbon life is necessary．Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow us to．Walk or ride a bike if we can．
If all of us think about the problems and live a low-carbon life，we shall have a better and cleaner home in the future．
[词块积累]
1．in panic/terror 害怕地，惊恐地
2．to one's shock 令某人震惊的是
3．gasp in astonishment 吃惊地倒吸一口气
4．be frozen with fear 吓呆/吓傻
情感描写 “惊”与“怕”
5．be seized with panic 惊慌失措
6．be dead with fright 吓得要死
7．fear creeps over sb．某人感到害怕
8．be scared out of one's wits 吓得魂不附体
9．come as a shock to sb．让某人很震惊
10．stand rooted to the spot with fear 吓得呆若木鸡
[佳句积累]
1．Fear slowly creeps over her．
恐惧慢慢地蔓延到她身上。
2．A flood of fear welled up in him．
他心里涌起一股恐惧。
3．He was thrown into astonishment．
他大吃一惊。
4．A look of surprise spread across her face．
惊愕的表情在她的脸上蔓延开来。
5．Her face turned pale and stood there tongue-tied．
她的脸变得苍白，站在那里结结巴巴。
6．Her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly suffocated．
她的心跳太剧烈，几乎要窒息了。
7．I said nervously, my voice trembling a bit．
我紧张地说，声音有点颤抖。
8．My jaw dropped in astonishment when I saw the size of the audience．
当我看到这么多观众时，我惊讶得目瞪口呆。
9．With a pounding heart and cold, moist palms, I felt faint．
心怦怦直跳，手掌冰冷潮湿，我感到头晕。
10．I froze with terror, too scared to move an inch．
我吓得僵住了，害怕得一英寸也不敢动。
11．I felt that the blood in my body cooled/froze rapidly because of the terrible sight．
看到这可怕的景象，我感觉我的血液都凝固起来了。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一个80词左右的段落，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When the telephone rang in the police station that day, no one there imagined they would receive an unusual call．Most calls reported illegal actions or emergencies, but this one was quite different．
“Hello，” a woman said in a weak voice．“I wonder if you can help me．I can't leave the house, and I haven't eaten for three days．” The operator was surprised but he asked for her name and address, and soon two police officers, Steve and Garret, were sent to deal with the case．
To their surprise, the address took them to a beautiful house with a big garden in a pricey neighbourhood．Steve and Garret began to think the call might be a trick．With doubts, they rang the doorbell．After quite a while, a tiny old woman opened the door, with a bandage roughly wrapped around her left arm．
Later, they knew the woman called Hilda Ross fell off a ladder and that her left arm was injured．When asked why she didn't go to the hospital, she said, “It's just a sprain (扭伤)．The only problem is that it hurts so much that I can hardly walk to the store to buy food．I didn't ask neighbours for help since I just moved in weeks ago, neither knowing anyone nor having any friends here．My son David lives with me, but he's on a business trip and won't be back soon．So I had to look after myself．I didn't tell my son about my situation because he just started a new job．I didn't want to worry him．”
Clearly, Mrs Ross was very weak．So Steve and Garret offered to drive her to the hospital, but she refused, saying she didn't want to trouble them so much and that she just hoped they could help her get some food with her money．However, they insisted on taking her to the hospital．
Finally, Mrs Ross agreed．________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Finally, Mrs Ross agreed．Minutes later, they were at the local hospital．After examining Mrs Ross' arm, the doctor looked worried．He said Mrs Ross needed an operation immediately．Luckily, the operation went well．While Mrs Ross was resting comfortably, Steve and Garret bought her some food, and then they went back to work．When off duty, they returned to the hospital to visit Mrs Ross．After careful consideration, the officers called Mrs Ross' son David and explained the situation．David came back as quickly as possible and expressed his gratitude to Steve and Garret．
课时分层作业(九)
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（WORD版）
巩固课堂所学 · 激发学习思维
夯实基础知识 · 熟悉命题方式
自我检测提能 · 及时矫正不足
本节课掌握了哪些考点？
本节课还有什么疑问点？
课后训练
学习反思
课时小结
THANKSPeriod 6 写作(Writing)
写有关环境问题的报告
报告是就一个问题展开调查后做出的分析与总结，是一种应用文体。调查者在对特定对象深入考察了解的基础上，经过归纳整理，分析研究，进而揭示事物的本质，得出符合实际的结论，并用文字形式将其表现出来。写作时要注意知识的科学性，行文的条理性和语言的准确性。
一、基本框架
二、常用表达
1．With the global warming becoming more and more serious，some Arctic species will probably die out．
随着全球变暖变得越来越严重，一些北极物种可能会灭绝。
2．Air and water are being polluted so that the environment in which animals live is destroyed．
空气和水正受到污染，以至于动物生存的环境被破坏。
3．Nowadays，the issue of environmental protection is becoming more and more important．
如今，环境保护的问题正变得越来越重要。
4．We should balance advantages against disadvantages of development and keep the balance of nature．
我们应该平衡发展的利弊和维持自然的平衡。
5．It's time to raise people's awareness of environmental protection and appeal to more people to care for wildlife．
是时候提高人们的环境保护意识，呼吁更多的人关心野生动植物了。
6．I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation．
我急切呼吁应该采取措施应对现状。
7．It's high time that we should protect our environment from being polluted．
现在是我们保护环境不受污染的时候了。
8．I suggest that each of us should do our part to protect our earth．
我建议我们每一个人都应该尽自己的力量来保护我们的地球。
当今社会，越来越多的人关注气候变化。请你写一篇报告，简要描述过量排放二氧化碳的危害(严重的风暴、干旱、全球变暖等)，并提出具体建议，号召人们选择低碳生活方式。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[审题构思]
1．确定体裁：应用文；
2．确定人称：第三人称为主；
3．确定时态：一般现在时；
4．确定内容：
①引入话题：过量排放二氧化碳的危害；
②介绍细节：人们已经意识到危害，采取的行动；
③发出倡议。
[遣词造句]
1．随着空气中二氧化碳含量的迅速增加，全球气温持续上升。
As the level of carbon dioxide in the air increases rapidly，the global temperature ________________．
2．它导致更高的海平面，更多的风暴、洪水、干旱，甚至物种灭绝。
It ________________________，even the extinction of species．
3．联合国会议关注的是未来应对气候变化的行动，这已经引起越来越多人的关注。
The UN Conference ________________________________ and it has attracted more and more people's attention．
4．人们意识到过低碳生活是必须的。
People realized that ________________________________．
5．如果情况允许，我们可以回收罐头、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。如果可以，我们可以步行或骑自行车。
Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers ______________．Walk or ride a bike if we can．
6．如果我们所有人都考虑这些问题，过低碳生活的话，我们将在未来拥有一个更好、更清洁的家。
If all of us think about the problems and live a low-carbon life，__________________
_______________________________________________________．
[句式升级]
1．把句1升级为“with＋名词＋动词-ing形式”结构
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2．把句3升级为含有非限制性定语从句的复合句
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[连句成篇]
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
情感描写 “惊”与“怕”
[词块积累]
1．in panic/terror害怕地，惊恐地
2．to one's shock 令某人震惊的是
3．gasp in astonishment 吃惊地倒吸一口气
4．be frozen with fear 吓呆/吓傻
5．be seized with panic惊慌失措
6．be dead with fright 吓得要死
7．fear creeps over sb．某人感到害怕
8．be scared out of one's wits 吓得魂不附体
9．come as a shock to sb．让某人很震惊
10．stand rooted to the spot with fear 吓得呆若木鸡
[佳句积累]
1．Fear slowly creeps over her．
恐惧慢慢地涌到她身上。
2．A flood of fear welled up in him．
他心里涌起一股恐惧。
3．He was thrown into astonishment．
他大吃一惊。
4．A look of surprise spread across her face．
惊愕的表情在她的脸上蔓延开来。
5．Her face turned pale and stood there tongue-tied．
她的脸变得苍白，站在那里结结巴巴。
6．Her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly suffocated．
她的心跳太剧烈，几乎要窒息了。
7．I said nervously, my voice trembling a bit．
我紧张地说，声音有点颤抖。
8．My jaw dropped in astonishment when I saw the size of the audience．
当我看到这么多观众时，我惊讶得目瞪口呆。
9．With a pounding heart and cold, moist palms, I felt faint．
心怦怦直跳，手掌冰冷潮湿，我感到头晕。
10．I froze with terror, too scared to move an inch．
我吓得僵住了，害怕得一英寸也不敢动。
11．I felt that the blood in my body cooled/froze rapidly because of the terrible sight．
看到这可怕的景象，我感觉我的血液都凝固起来了。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一个80词左右的段落，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When the telephone rang in the police station that day, no one there imagined they would receive an unusual call．Most calls reported illegal actions or emergencies, but this one was quite different．
“Hello，” a woman said in a weak voice．“I wonder if you can help me．I can't leave the house, and I haven't eaten for three days．” The operator was surprised but he asked for her name and address, and soon two police officers, Steve and Garret, were sent to deal with the case．
To their surprise, the address took them to a beautiful house with a big garden in a pricey neighbourhood．Steve and Garret began to think the call might be a trick．With doubts, they rang the doorbell．After quite a while, a tiny old woman opened the door, with a bandage roughly wrapped around her left arm．
Later, they knew the woman called Hilda Ross fell off a ladder and that her left arm was injured．When asked why she didn't go to the hospital, she said, “It's just a sprain (扭伤)．The only problem is that it hurts so much that I can hardly walk to the store to buy food．I didn't ask neighbours for help since I just moved in weeks ago, neither knowing anyone nor having any friends here．My son David lives with me, but he's on a business trip and won't be back soon．So I had to look after myself．I didn't tell my son about my situation because he just started a new job．I didn't want to worry him．”
Clearly, Mrs Ross was very weak．So Steve and Garret offered to drive her to the hospital, but she refused, saying she didn't want to trouble them so much and that she just hoped they could help her get some food with her money．However, they insisted on taking her to the hospital．
Finally, Mrs Ross agreed．___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Period 6
应用文写作
遣词造句
1．continues going up 2．results in a higher sea level，more storms，floods，droughts 3．focuses on future actions on climate changes 4．living a low-carbon life is necessary 5．if circumstances allow us to 6．we shall have a better and cleaner home in the future
句式升级
1．With the level of carbon dioxide in the air increasing rapidly，the global temperature continues going up．
2．The UN Conference focuses on future actions on climate changes，which has attracted more and more people's attention．
连句成篇
[参考范文]
With the level of carbon dioxide in the air increasing rapidly，the global temperature continues going up．It results in a higher sea level，more storms，floods，droughts，even the extinction of species．
The UN Conference focuses on future actions on climate changes，which has attracted more and more people's attention．People realized that living a low-carbon life is necessary．Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow us to．Walk or ride a bike if we can．
If all of us think about the problems and live a low-carbon life，we shall have a better and cleaner home in the future．
读后续写
续写初练笔
[参考范文]
Finally, Mrs Ross agreed．Minutes later, they were at the local hospital．After examining Mrs Ross' arm, the doctor looked worried．He said Mrs Ross needed an operation immediately．Luckily, the operation went well．While Mrs Ross was resting comfortably, Steve and Garret bought her some food, and then they went back to work．When off duty, they returned to the hospital to visit Mrs Ross．After careful consideration, the officers called Mrs Ross' son David and explained the situation．David came back as quickly as possible and expressed his gratitude to Steve and Garret．
1 / 6课时分层作业(九)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
If，as the saying goes, you are what you eat, then it stands to reason you also excrete (排泄) what you are．If we follow this rule, it means that our bodily waste reflects our diet and overall health．For instance, analyzing human excreta can help find abnormal levels of certain chemicals, which might show signs of some diseases．
A new study shows that analysis of a city's wastewater can also provide insights into the health and behavior of its residents．Such surveillance (监测) can be applied to sample all toilet users without knowing their names．It is much cheaper than alternative sampling techniques, and flexible enough to monitor everything from drug use to diet and even mental health．
Wastewater surveillance has become an important tool in over 70 countries for monitoring and managing public health．This new approach involves analyzing wastewater samples to look for and track the presence of various viruses, bacteria and parasites．By monitoring the genetic material of these pathogens (致病菌) in wastewater, scientists and public health officials can gain valuable insights into the spread of diseases within communities．This is especially true in poor countries, where alternative means of testing are expensive．
It could also be applied to many other areas．For example, the police can adopt the tool to spot criminal behavior．Anything from consuming illegal drugs to handling bomb ingredients could potentially be detected in wastewater．
But for wastewater surveillance to fulfil its potential, today's systems must be transformed into something more stable and organized．In addition, testing bodies should be open about the extent of their capabilities, and exactly how data will be used．They should also consult with the people being monitored．It would be a shame if privacy worries caused support for it to disappear．
1．Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 1
A．To show some signs of physical illness．
B．To introduce a method of detecting diseases．
C．To explain the importance of diet to health．
D．To present the value of studying bodily waste．
2．What is an advantage of wastewater surveillance
A．It serves more purposes．
B．It requires less effort to do．
C．It protects residents' privacy．
D．It needs little professional knowledge．
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The development of wastewater surveillance．
B．The means of wastewater testing for poor areas．
C．The application of wastewater in disease detection．
D．The potential of wastewater in discovering dangerous goods．
4．What is the author's attitude towards wastewater surveillance
A．Doubtful． B．Careful．
C．Unclear． D．Unconcerned．
B
In July 1915, severely tortured by his poor health, James Murray, one of the early editors of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), defined one final word．After his 36 years' dedication to the dictionary, his hard labour had taken a toll, knowing he would not see the project complete．
The poetic quality of Murray's final days is one of the many memorable tales in The Dictionary People．Beginning in 1857, the OED was a huge crowdsourcing project—“the Wikipedia of the 19th century”—comprising 3，000 people．The idea was to create a “descriptive” dictionary that tracked words' use and meaning over time, unlike its “prescriptive”18th-century predecessor by Samuel Johnson, which told readers how to say and use words．Volunteers read widely, mailing in examples of how “rare, old-fashioned, new, strange” words were used．What is surprising about this fairly random method is that it worked．
The origin story of Sarah Ogilvie's book is almost as improbable as that of the dictionary itself．Ms Ogilvie, a former scholar who served as an editor for the OED, went into the documents of Oxford University Press and came across an old notebook．It had belonged to Murray and contained the names and details of the dictionary volunteers, most of whom had previously been unknown．The Dictionary People is her work of detective scholarship, bringing the lives behind the names to readers．
Ms Ogilvie's book is full of intriguing stories．The presentation of the book is unconventional, too, taking its structure from the work it describes．There are 26 alphabetical chapters, each celebrating a group of contributors (memorably，“K” is for “kleptomaniac” people who desire to steal)．This is a clever arrangement, though it sometimes means that broader issues emerge only in pieces．
Essentially, this is a story about ordinary people．It is concrete proof of those who, to cite dictionary-helper George Eliot, “lived faithfully a hidden life, and rest in unvisited tombs”．
5．What does the underlined expression “taken a toll” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Paid off．
B．Proved in vain．
C．Worn out the passion．
D．Had a harmful effect．
6．What can we learn about the Oxford English Dictionary
A．It serves as an example of dictionary editing．
B．It provides precise directions for word usage．
C．It is a cooperative work of many volunteers．
D．It was edited with the help of Samuel Johnson．
7．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The story behind Sarah Ogilvie's book．
B．The detective methods of Sarah Ogilvie．
C．Legends of the early OED editors．
D．Murray's role in editing the OED．
8．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A review of a book．
B．A biography of an editor．
C．An essay on dictionary editing．
D．An introduction to a dictionary．
Ⅱ．应用文写作
假定你是学生会主席李华。校英文报正在为“全国生态日(National Ecology Day)”征文。请你代表学生会给该报投稿，内容包括：
1．说明生态保护的重要性；
2．提出倡议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear fellow students，
The Students' Union
课时分层作业(九)
Ⅰ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
D A C B D C A A
Ⅱ．[参考范文]
Dear fellow students，
The National Ecology Day is coming．Let's join hands and do whatever we can to make our home planet a healthier and happier place!
There are various things we can do．For example, don't leave any electrical appliance on carelessly if we are not using it．Most importantly, be an educator．Talk with our family members and friends and let them be aware of the importance of protecting the environment．
Please remember that everyone's contribution counts when it comes to creating a greener world!
The Students' Union
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了监测下水道的废水能得出某地居民的健康大数据，从而能够起到疾病预防的作用。
1．D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“If, as the saying goes, you are what you eat, then it stands to reason you also excrete what you are．If we follow this rule, it means that our bodily waste reflects our diet and overall health．”可知，我们的身体废物反映了我们的饮食和整体健康，接着下文“For instance, analyzing human excreta can help find abnormal levels of certain chemicals, which might show signs of some diseases．”对上文举例说明，分析人类排泄物可能会揭示某些疾病的迹象，由此可推知，作者在第一段提到这个例子是为了说明研究身体排泄物的价值。故选D。]
2．A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Wastewater surveillance has become an important tool in over 70 countries for monitoring and managing public health．”和第四段内容可知，废水监测的优势是有更多的用途。故选A。]
3．C [主旨大意题。根据第三段内容，结合首句“Wastewater surveillance has become an important tool in over 70 countries for monitoring and managing public health．”可知，本段主要讲述废水在疾病检测中的应用，故选C。]
4．B [推理判断题。文章介绍了废水监测的好处、优势等，最后一段提到了如何使其发挥出最大潜力，消除人们对隐私的担忧，故作者对废水监测持谨慎态度，故选B。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对Ogilvie女士的书的评论并介绍了第一部牛津字典的形成及背后的人对它的重大贡献。
5．D [词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“After his 36 years' dedication to the dictionary, his hard labour had ...”及“knowing he would not see the project complete”可知，因为他不会看到项目完成，所以在他36年致力于编纂词典之后，他的辛勤劳动没有产生明显的效果。故选D项。]
6．C [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句及“Volunteers read widely, mailing in examples of how ‘rare, old-fashioned, new, strange’ words were used．”可知，这是许多志愿者的合作工作。故选C项。]
7．A [段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Ms Ogilvie, a former scholar who served as an editor for the OED, went into the documents of Oxford University Press and came across an old notebook．It had belonged to Murray and contained the names and details of the dictionary volunteers, most of whom had previously been unknown．The Dictionary People is her work of detective scholarship, bringing the lives behind the names to readers．”可知，这段讲的是Sarah Ogilvie的书背后的故事。故选A项。]
8．A [推理判断题。根据最后一段内容结合文章讲述了对Ogilvie女士的书的评论并介绍了第一部牛津字典的形成及背后的人对它的重大贡献可知，这篇文章可能选自书评。故选A项。]
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