Period 3 语言知识讲练
1．switch vi．& vt．转换，改变
The remote control allows you to switch easily between TV channels．
遥控器让你在不同电视频道之间轻松地转换。
[知识拓展]
switch off 切断(电源等)
switch on 打开(开关)；接通(电源等)
switch (from．．．) to．．． (从……)转变成……，(从……)转换
到……
switch sth．with sb． 和某人交换某物
switch over 转换；转接
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Switch_________ the TV before you go out．
②She switched_________ the lamp because it was dark．
③We asked them if they would switch places_________ us．
2．urgent adj．紧急的，急迫的
He asked to see the manager for something urgent．
他有急事求见经理。
[知识拓展]
(1)urge v． 催促；敦促；力劝；强烈要求
urge sb．to do sth．/into doing sth． 敦促某人做某事
urge that sb．(should) do sth． 敦促某人做某事
urge sth．on sb． 向某人提出/力陈某事
(2)urgency n． 紧迫；急迫；紧急的事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The report urged that all children_________________(teach) to swim．
②He denounces people who urge him_________(change) his ways．
③I need not press on you the_________(urgent) of the matter．
3．die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝
As a result these endangered animals may even die out．
结果，这些濒危动物甚至会灭绝。
[知识拓展]
die away 逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失
die down 逐渐降低，逐渐平息
die off 相继死去
die of 死于(内因)
die from 死于(外因)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As the region is becoming hotter，this kind of grass is dying_________．
②Their chatter and laughter died_________ as the group rushed out of the classroom．
③When all the guests had left，the whole house died_________．
④We need to take action before all the endangered animals die_________．
4．wipe out 彻底毁灭
The plague once could wipe out a village．
鼠疫曾一度可以夺走整个村庄村民的生命。
[知识拓展]
wipe away 擦去，消除
wipe off 擦掉，除掉
wipe up 擦净
wipe sth．from/off sth． 从……上擦去……
wipe．．．with．．． 用……擦……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When you've finished with it，simply wipe it clean_________ a damp cloth．
②He wiped the marks_________ the wall．
5．varied adj．各种各样的，形形色色的
It is essential that your diet is varied and balanced．
关键是你的饮食要多样化，并保持均衡。
[知识拓展]
(1)various adj． 各种各样的
for various reasons 因种种理由
(2)variety n． 变化；品种；种类；多样化
a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的
(3)vary v． 变化；不同
vary with．．． 随……而变化
vary from．．．to．．． 从……到……变化不等
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They were late for the meeting for a_________ (vary) of reasons．
②There are_________(vary) plants and flowers in the park．
③The weather here_________(vary) with seasons．
6．decrease n．减少；减少的量vi．& vt．减少
If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food，their numbers may decrease．
如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或者它们找不到足够的食物，它们的数量就会减少。
[知识拓展]
(1)on the decrease 在减少中
a decrease in．．． 在……方面减少
(2)decrease to．．． 减少到……
decrease by．．． 减少了……
decrease from．．．to．．． 从……减少到……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is a decrease of nearly 7%_________ the number of visitors to the museum．
②The number of independent firms decreased from 198_________ 96．
③Because of human activity，the number of some rare animals is_________ the decrease．
[名师点津]
decrease的反义词increase的用法：
increase to 增加/增长到……
increase by 增加/增长了……
on the increase 在增加中
7．blame vt．责怪，指责
It seemed that the water was to blame．
看来水是罪魁祸首。
[知识拓展]
(1)be to blame 把……归咎于
be to blame for sth． 对某事负有责任
blame sb．for sth． 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth．on sb．/sth． 把某事归咎于某人/某事
(2)put/lay the blame for sth．on sb． 将某事归咎于某人
get/accept/bear/take the blame for sth． 对某事承担责任
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①If that happens，the coach will take_________blame for it．
②You are not_________ (blame)．I can't put the blame_________ you．
③You shouldn't blame John_________ the failure．
＝You shouldn't blame the failure_________ John．
8．affect vt．影响
I had to make an important decision that would affect me for the rest of my life．
我不得不作出将影响我后半生的重大决定。
[知识拓展]
(1)affect sb．/sth． 影响某人/某物
(2)effect n． 结果；效力；影响；效果；作用
put/bring．．．into effect 使……生效，实行……
in effect 事实上；实际上
take effect 生效；奏效
come into effect 开始实施；开始生效
have an effect on 对……有影响
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①_________effect，we feel superior to them．
②The new law is said to have come_________ effect from April．
③Great scientific achievements will_________________________ as well as society．
＝Great scientific achievements will_________________________ as well as society．
重大的科学成就将对我们的生活和社会产生很大的影响。
9．be at risk处境危险，受到威胁
As with all diseases，certain groups will be more at risk than others．
所有的疾病都是如此，一些人比另一些人更容易受到威胁。
[知识拓展]
(1)at risk of 处于……的危险之中
at all risks＝at any risk 无论冒什么风险
at the risk of．．． 冒……的危险
take risks/a risk 冒险
take/run the risk of doing sth． 冒险做某事；冒着做某事的危险/风险
(2)risk doing sth． 冒险做某事
risk one's life to do sth． 冒着生命危险做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He jumped into the river_________ the risk of losing his life．
②I didn't want to take the risk of_________ (leave) John alone．
③He worked hard，for he couldn't risk_________ (lose) the good job．＝ He worked hard，for he couldn't take/run the risk_________ losing the good job．
it作形式主语
(教材p．53)It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants．
很明显，人类活动已经对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。
[句式分析]
句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。
[例1]It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city．
可以确定的是我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗。
[例2]It was obvious that the driver could not control his car．
显然这位司机无法控制他的汽车了。
[知识拓展]
it 作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句的常见形式有：
(1)It be＋形容词(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important．．．) ＋that 从句。
(2)It be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，a shame，an honour，no wonder．．．) ＋that 从句。
(3)It be＋过去分词(said，thought，hoped，believed，declared，supposed，reported．．．) ＋that 从句。
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，occur，happen．．．) ＋that 从句。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①_____________nobody will like to have dinner in such a dirty place．
很明显，没有人想在这么脏的地方吃饭。
②_____________we failed to fulfil the task ahead of time．
我们没能提前完成任务，真感到惭愧。
③_____________it is the earliest and largest paper-making workshop site ever found in ancient China．
人们认为这是迄今为止在中国发现的最早和最大的造纸作坊。
④_________________I had left my ticket at home．
我突然想起把票忘在家里了。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．It was surprising_________ she passed the difficult exam．
2．At the risk of_________ (blame)，he drove his father's car to school．
3．Oil spills are having a devastating effect_________ coral reefs in the ocean．
4．The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased_________ 700 persons．
5．Tom's life was_________ (vary) and pleasant enough，on the whole．
6．The tsunami that followed engulfed the northeast and wiped_________ entire towns．
7．Many of our old customs are_________ (die) out day by day．
8．We need to switch_________ the cell phone and leave the children to play by themselves．
9．The country needs new leadership if she is to play a role_________ future development．
10．The society was set up to preserve_________(endanger) species from extinction．
Ⅱ．单句写作
1．如果我们不采取行动，许多物种将很快灭绝。
Many species_________________ if we don't take action．
2．在这些无私的医生的影响下，我喜欢上了这个职业。
________________________，I have developed a deep affection for the career．
3．正当他绞尽脑汁寻找原因时，他突然想到他们一定要为这次事故负责。
While he was racking his brain for reasons，it suddenly occurred to him that they must_________________________．
4．一只凶猛的狼追赶着我，我意识到我有危险。
I realised that I_________________________ with a fierce wolf chasing me．
5．有人建议孩子们与父母沟通，为建立和谐的家庭关系作出贡献。
_________________children should communicate with their parents，making contributions to building a harmonious family relationship．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
In our Earth's history，there have been five times 1．_________life on Earth has almost ended．The third mass extinction 2．________(kill) 90% to 96% of all species and the fifth event caused the 3．________(die) of the dinosaurs．The natural reasons include volcanic eruptions，asteroids hitting the Earth from space，changes in sea levels，the decrease 4．_________the oxygen content of the sea 5．_________global warming．This time，human activity will be 6．________(blame) for the Earth's sixth mass extinction．Air and water pollution，forests being destroyed，factory farming and overfishing are causing species to die out 1，000 times 7．________(fast) than normal．We ought to take action to avoid a 8．________(six) extinction now，which means we have to save 9．________(endanger) species，change how we work and travel and improve our farming methods to reduce water，air and land pollution．In short，if we want to survive，we need to stop 10．________(destroy) the planet that we live on and start to protect it．
Period 3
核心词汇
1．①off ②on ③with
2．①(should) be taught ②to change ③urgency
3．①off ②away ③down ④out
4．①with ②off/from
5．①variety ②various/varied ③varies
6．①in ②to ③on
7．①the ②to blame；on ③for；on
8．①In ②into ③greatly affect our life；have a great effect on our life
9．①at ②leaving ③losing；of
句法句式
①It is obvious that ②It's a shame that ③It is believed that
④It occurred to me that
巩固落实
Ⅰ．1．that 2．being blamed 3．on 4．to 5．varied/various 6．out 7．dying 8．off 9．in 10．endangered
Ⅱ．1．will soon die out 2．Affected by those selfless doctors 3．be to blame for the accident 4．was at risk 5．It is suggested that
Ⅲ．1．when 2．killed 3．death 4．of 5．and 6．to blame 7．faster 8．sixth 9．endangered 10．destroying
1 / 8(共39张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新” 打通应考之“脉”
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
主题语境 人与自然——人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系
Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练
Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
1．switch vi．& vt．转换，改变
The remote control allows you to switch easily between TV channels．
遥控器让你在不同电视频道之间轻松地转换。
[知识拓展]
switch off 切断(电源等)
switch on 打开(开关)；接通(电源等)
switch (from…) to… (从……)转变成……，(从……)转换
到……
switch sth．with sb． 和某人交换某物
switch over 转换；转接
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Switch ___ the TV before you go out．
②She switched __ the lamp because it was dark．
③We asked them if they would switch places ____ us．
off
on
with
2．urgent adj．紧急的，急迫的
He asked to see the manager for something urgent．
他有急事求见经理。
[知识拓展]
(1)urge v． 催促；敦促；力劝；强烈要求
urge sb．to do sth．/into doing sth． 敦促某人做某事
urge that sb．(should) do sth． 敦促某人做某事
urge sth．on sb． 向某人提出/力陈某事
(2)urgency n． 紧迫；急迫；紧急的事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The report urged that all children _______________ (teach) to swim．
②He denounces people who urge him __________(change) his ways．
③I need not press on you the _______(urgent) of the matter．
(should) be taught
to change
urgency
[知识拓展]
die away 逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失
die down 逐渐降低，逐渐平息
die off 相继死去
die of 死于(内因)
die from 死于(外因)
3．die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝
As a result these endangered animals may even die out．
结果，这些濒危动物甚至会灭绝。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As the region is becoming hotter，this kind of grass is dying ___．
②Their chatter and laughter died _____ as the group rushed out of the classroom．
③When all the guests had left，the whole house died _____．
④We need to take action before all the endangered animals die ___．
off
away
down
out
[知识拓展]
wipe away 擦去，消除
wipe off 擦掉，除掉
wipe up 擦净
wipe sth．from/off sth． 从……上擦去……
wipe…with… 用……擦……
4．wipe out 彻底毁灭
The plague once could wipe out a village．
鼠疫曾一度可以夺走整个村庄村民的生命。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When you've finished with it，simply wipe it clean ____ a damp cloth．
②He wiped the marks _________ the wall．
with
off/from
5．varied adj．各种各样的，形形色色的
It is essential that your diet is varied and balanced．
关键是你的饮食要多样化，并保持均衡。
[知识拓展]
(1)various adj． 各种各样的
for various reasons 因种种理由
(2)variety n． 变化；品种；种类；多样化
a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的
(3)vary v． 变化；不同
vary with… 随……而变化
vary from…to… 从……到……变化不等
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They were late for the meeting for a _______ (vary) of reasons．
②There are _______________(vary) plants and flowers in the park．
③The weather here ______(vary) with seasons．
variety
various/varied
varies
6．decrease n．减少；减少的量vi．& vt．减少
If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food，their numbers may decrease．
如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或者它们找不到足够的食物，它们的数量就会减少。
[知识拓展]
(1)on the decrease 在减少中
a decrease in… 在……方面减少
(2)decrease to… 减少到……
decrease by… 减少了……
decrease from…to… 从……减少到……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is a decrease of nearly 7% __ the number of visitors to the museum．
②The number of independent firms decreased from 198 __ 96．
③Because of human activity，the number of some rare animals is __ the decrease．
in
to
on
[名师点津]
decrease的反义词increase的用法：
increase to 增加/增长到……
increase by 增加/增长了……
on the increase 在增加中
7．blame vt．责怪，指责
It seemed that the water was to blame．
看来水是罪魁祸首。
[知识拓展]
(1)be to blame 把……归咎于
be to blame for sth． 对某事负有责任
blame sb．for sth． 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth．on sb．/sth． 把某事归咎于某人/某事
(2)put/lay the blame for sth．on sb． 将某事归咎于某人
get/accept/bear/take the blame for sth． 对某事承担责任
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①If that happens，the coach will take ___ blame for it．
②You are not _________ (blame)．I can't put the blame __ you．
③You shouldn't blame John ___ the failure．
＝You shouldn't blame the failure __ John．
the
to blame
on
for
on
8．affect vt．影响
I had to make an important decision that would affect me for the rest of my life．
我不得不作出将影响我后半生的重大决定。
[知识拓展]
(1)affect sb．/sth． 影响某人/某物
(2)effect n． 结果；效力；影响；效果；作用
put/bring…into effect 使……生效，实行……
in effect 事实上；实际上
take effect 生效；奏效
come into effect 开始实施；开始生效
have an effect on 对……有影响
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①__ effect，we feel superior to them．
②The new law is said to have come ____ effect from April．
③Great scientific achievements will _________________ as well as society．
＝Great scientific achievements will ________________________ as well as society．
重大的科学成就将对我们的生活和社会产生很大的影响。
In
into
greatly affect our life
have a great effect on our life
9．be at risk处境危险，受到威胁
As with all diseases，certain groups will be more at risk than others．
所有的疾病都是如此，一些人比另一些人更容易受到威胁。
[知识拓展]
(1)at risk of 处于……的危险之中
at all risks＝at any risk 无论冒什么风险
at the risk of… 冒……的危险
take risks/a risk 冒险
take/run the risk of doing sth． 冒险做某事；冒着做某事的危险/风险
(2)risk doing sth． 冒险做某事
risk one's life to do sth． 冒着生命危险做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He jumped into the river __ the risk of losing his life．
②I didn't want to take the risk of _______ (leave) John alone．
③He worked hard，for he couldn't risk ______ (lose) the good job．＝ He worked hard，for he couldn't take/run the risk __ losing the good job．
at
leaving
losing
of
it作形式主语
(教材p．53)It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants．
很明显，人类活动已经对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。
[句式分析]
句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。
[例1]It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city．
可以确定的是我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗。
[例2]It was obvious that the driver could not control his car．
显然这位司机无法控制他的汽车了。
[知识拓展]
it 作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句的常见形式有：
(1)It be＋形容词(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important…) ＋that 从句。
(2)It be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，a shame，an honour，no wonder…) ＋that 从句。
(3)It be＋过去分词(said，thought，hoped，believed，declared，supposed，reported…) ＋that 从句。
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，occur，happen…) ＋that 从句。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①_____________________ nobody will like to have dinner in such a dirty place．
很明显，没有人想在这么脏的地方吃饭。
②_____________________ we failed to fulfil the task ahead of time．
我们没能提前完成任务，真感到惭愧。
③______________________ it is the earliest and largest paper-making workshop site ever found in ancient China．
人们认为这是迄今为止在中国发现的最早和最大的造纸作坊。
④__________________________ I had left my ticket at home．
我突然想起把票忘在家里了。
It is obvious that
It's a shame that
It is believed that
It occurred to me that
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．It was surprising ____ she passed the difficult exam．
2．At the risk of _____________ (blame)，he drove his father's car to school．
3．Oil spills are having a devastating effect __ coral reefs in the ocean．
4．The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased __ 700 persons．
that
being blamed
on
to
5．Tom's life was _______________ (vary) and pleasant enough，on the whole．
6．The tsunami that followed engulfed the northeast and wiped ___ entire towns．
7．Many of our old customs are _____ (die) out day by day．
8．We need to switch ___ the cell phone and leave the children to play by themselves．
varied/various
out
dying
off
9．The country needs new leadership if she is to play a role __ future development．
10．The society was set up to preserve __________(endanger) species from extinction．
in
endangered
Ⅱ．单句写作
1．如果我们不采取行动，许多物种将很快灭绝。
Many species ____________________ if we don't take action．
2．在这些无私的医生的影响下，我喜欢上了这个职业。
____________________________，I have developed a deep affection for the career．
3．正当他绞尽脑汁寻找原因时，他突然想到他们一定要为这次事故负责。
While he was racking his brain for reasons，it suddenly occurred to him that they must _______________________．
will soon die out
Affected by those selfless doctors
be to blame for the accident
4．一只凶猛的狼追赶着我，我意识到我有危险。
I realised that I _________ with a fierce wolf chasing me．
5．有人建议孩子们与父母沟通，为建立和谐的家庭关系作出贡献。
________________ children should communicate with their parents，making contributions to building a harmonious family relationship．
was at risk
It is suggested that
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
In our Earth's history，there have been five times 1．_____ life on Earth has almost ended．The third mass extinction 2．______(kill) 90% to 96% of all species and the fifth event caused the 3．_____(die) of the dinosaurs．The natural reasons include volcanic eruptions，asteroids hitting the Earth from space，changes in sea levels，the decrease 4．__ the oxygen content of the sea 5．___ global warming．This time，human activity will be 6．_________(blame) for the Earth's sixth mass extinction．Air and water pollution，forests being destroyed，factory
when
killed
death
of
and
to blame
farming and overfishing are causing species to die out 1，000 times 7．_____(fast) than normal．We ought to take action to avoid a 8．_____(six) extinction now，which means we have to save 9．__________(endanger) species，change how we work and travel and improve our farming methods to reduce water，air and land pollution．In short，if we want to survive，we need to stop 10．__________(destroy) the planet that we live on and start to protect it．
faster
sixth
endangered
destroying
谢 谢！
