英语 必修 第二册RJ
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
& Listening and Talking
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．republic n. 共和国
2．pyramid n. (古埃及的)金字塔；棱锥体
3．overseas adj. 海外的 adv. 在海外
4．exit n. 出口；通道 vi.& vt. 出去；离去
5．sheet n. 一张(纸)；床单；被单
6．parade n. 游行；检阅 vi. 游行庆祝；游行示威
7．mirror n. 镜子
8．roof n. 顶部；屋顶
9．dragon n. 龙
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．download vt. 下载 n. 下载；已下载的数据资料
2．entrance n. 入口；进入
3．process n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 处理；加工
4．forgive vt.& vi. 原谅；宽恕 vt. 对不起；请原谅
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．professional adj. 专业的；职业的 n. 专业人员；职业选手→profession n. 职业，行业→professionally adv. 在职业上；内行地
2．archaeologist n. 考古学家→archaeology n. 考古学
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
mirror 熟义：n. 镜子
生义：n. 写照；反映某种情况的事物 vt. 反映；映照；反射
阅读下列定语从句，写出句中的先行词和关系词
1．The boy who came to the city for the first time was amazed at the plane.The__boy__who
2．This is the school where Tom studied.the__school__where
3．She had a book which she believed was bought by her father at a high price.a__book__which
4．Mary showed me around a factory which had been built for 30 years.a__factory__which
5．The only thing that I could find in his drawer was a movie ticket.thing__that
6．There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.a__time__when
7．I have read all the books that Jimmy gave me the other day.the__books__that
8．Temples and other cultural sites were moved to a place where they were safe from the water.a__place__where
探究一 热词
(一)高频词
1.entrance n. 入口；进入(教材P6)
enter v. 进入；参加 an/the entrance to ... ……的入口 college entrance examination 大学入学考试，高考 enter (sb) for 报名参加
【语境感知】
①The entrance to the train station was closed off following the explosion.
爆炸发生后随即封锁了火车站入口。
②In China, the college entrance examination is considered to be very important.
在中国，高考被认为是非常重要的。
③Only four British players have entered for the championship.
只有四名英国运动员报名参加了锦标赛。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He was driven out of a side entrance (enter) with his hand covering his face.
②Both men have been entered for the 100 metres in Paris next month.
【学会表达】完成句子
③洞的入口高四英尺，宽四英尺。
The__entrance__to__the__cave is four feet high and four feet wide.
2.process n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 处理；加工(教材P6)
processed adj. 加工过的，经加工的 in the process of ... 在……的过程中 in the process 同时，在此过程中 in process 在进行中 be processed into ... 被加工成……
【语境感知】
①The company is in the process of moving to new offices.
这家公司正在迁往新办公室。
②What you have learned in the process will prove useful in your future work.
你在这个过程中学到的东西在你未来的工作中会被证明是有用的。(建议信)
③Although this project is still in process and needs some work, it looks promising.
尽管此项目仍在进行中，并且仍有一些工作要做，但其前景可观。
④The material will be processed into plastic pellets.
这种材料将被加工成塑料小球。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The administration is in the process of drawing (draw) up a peace plan.
②It will be boiled and processed into one of the most important materials.
③Eating more natural food is healthier than eating processed (process) food.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④她的小说正被拍成电视连续剧。
Her__novel__is__in__the__process__of__being__turned__into__a__television__series.
3.forgive vt.& vi. (forgave; forgiven) 原谅；宽恕 vt. 对不起；请原谅(教材P7)
forgiveness n. 原谅 forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事 forgive sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人(做了)某事 forgive and forget 不计前嫌；不记仇
【语境感知】
①He begged forgiveness for what he had done.
他为自己所做的事请求原谅。
②She could never forgive him for the theft of the money.
她永远不能原谅他偷了钱。
③I don't think she's ever quite forgiven me for getting her name wrong that time.
我觉得那次我把她的名字弄错了，她到现在也没原谅我。
④He didn't look the sort of man to forgive and forget.
他看起来不是那种可以不计前嫌的人。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Forgive me for saying (say) so, but that's useless.
②I'll never forgive her for what she did.
【学会表达】完成句子
③请原谅我没能尽快给你回信。
Please__forgive__me__for__not__being__able__to reply to you as soon as possible.
(二)拓展词
4.professional adj. 专业的；职业的 n. 专业人员；职业选手→profession n. 职业；行业→professionally adv. 在职业上；内行地
【语境感知】
I am very interested in the sales profession and I believe your company can provide a good opportunity for my professional development.
我对销售行业非常感兴趣，我相信贵公司能为我的职业发展提供一个很好的机会。
5.archaeologist n. 考古学家→archaeology n. 考古学
【语境感知】
The exhibition kindled the boy's interest in archaeology and he was determined to become an archaeologist.
这次展览激发了这个男孩对考古学的兴趣，他决心成为一名考古学家。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He has been playing basketball professionally (professional) for five years.
②After discussions with the local people, the archaeologist(s) (archaeology) set out to dig near a village.
【学会表达】完成句子
③他一步一步努力，终于成为行业内的翘楚。
He worked his way to the__top__of__his__profession.
④他在大学里主修考古学，并梦想着将来成为一名考古学家。
He majored__in__archaeology in university and dreamed of becoming an archaeologist in the future.
(三)熟词生义
6.mirror [熟义] n. 镜子 [生义] n. 写照；反映某种情况的事物 vt. 反映；映照；反射
【语境感知】
①When I looked in the mirror, I couldn't believe it. I looked fantastic!
当我照镜子时，我简直不敢相信。我看起来太棒了！
②Dickens' novels are a mirror of his times.
狄更斯的小说是他那个时代的写照。
③Our newspaper aims to mirror the opinions of ordinary people.
我们的报纸旨在反映普通人的意见。
【学会理解】同义词替换
①The music of the time mirrored the feeling of optimism in the country.reflected__反映
【学会表达】翻译句子
②他心不在焉地看着镜子中的自己。
He__absent mindedly__looked__at__himself__in__the__mirror.
③这本书虽然不是传记，但仍旧是他生活的写照。
The__book__is__a__mirror__of__his__life__even__if/though__it__is__not__a__biography.
探究二 限制性定语从句(3)
限制性定语从句：起限定作用，指特定的人或物，不可省略，否则主句句意不完整、含混不清
或发生改变。
语法点1 与非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)在格式上，限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句最明显的区别就是后者要用逗号与主句隔开。
①The girl who spoke is my best friend.
讲话的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
②I like to chat with Jack, who is a clever boy.
我喜欢和杰克聊天，他是个聪明的男孩。
(2)在意义上，限制性定语从句主要修饰先行词，与主句关系密切，去除后会使主句意义不完整。而非限制性定语从句主要是对先行词进行补充说明，与主句的关系没有那么密切，省略后不会影响到主句的完整意思。
①This is the family which is planning to move to the city.
这是计划搬进城里的一家人。
②She dances well, which I've known since I saw her dance last year.
她跳舞跳得好，自从我去年看过她跳舞我就知道这件事了。
(3)限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、短语或句子。另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他独一无二的普通名词时，通常用非限制性定语从句。
①A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
商店应存有最畅销的货物。(which引导限制性定语从句，先行词为goods)
②David studies hard and is ready to help others, which is what his parents expect.
大卫努力学习，乐于助人，这是他父母所期望的。(which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句)
(4)在限制性定语从句中，关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略；而非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。
①This is the best film (that) I have ever seen for years.
这是多年来我看过的最好的一部电影。
②This machine, which I have looked after for 20 years, is still working perfectly.
这台机器我照管了20年，现在仍然运转良好。
单句语法填空
①Do you know the professor who/that is speaking at the meeting
②I couldn't find the book that/which/不填 you recommended.
③He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy.
④In our company there are two experts who/that come from Russia.
⑤The old man still lives in the hut, whose windows face north.
语法点2 使用时需要注意的问题
关系代词只用that的情况
(1)当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时。
All that can be done must be done.
凡是能做的都必须做。
(2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
①That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
②The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
(3)先行词由the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。
My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.
我的项链不是唯一丢失的东西。
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。
The writer and his novels that you have just talked about are really well known.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很出名。
(5)当主句以who或which开头时，引导词用that，不用who或which，以避免重复。
Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat
穿红色外套的女孩子是谁？
关系代词只用which而不用that的情况
在介词后面的关系代词用which而不能用that。即“介词＋which(指代物)”。
There is a sense in which we are all to blame for the tragedy.
在某种意义上，对这个悲剧我们大家都有责任。
as引导的定语从句
(1)as引导限制性定语从句时，主要用在such ... as和the same ... as的结构中，as可指代表示人或物的先行词。
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
我们已经找到了像他们工厂里使用的那些材料。(such ... as结构中，as后的句子解释说明先行词materials)
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放在主句之前、之后或句中。此时修饰的是整个主句，并对其进行解释说明。
Thanksgiving Day has been an international festival, as we know.
众所周知，感恩节已经成为一个国际性的节日。(as引导的从句解释说明前面的主句)
主谓一致
(1)关系代词在从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。
①Choose someone who is fit for the job.
选一个适合这份工作的人。
②Do you know the girls who are wearing long dresses
你认识那些穿着长裙的女孩吗？
(2)先行词是the only one of ＋可数名词复数，关系词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语用单数(因为此时的先行词是the only one，而不是of后的可数名词复数)。
He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.
他是那些男孩子当中唯一一个喜欢弹钢琴的。
(3)先行词是one of ＋可数名词复数，关系词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语用复数(因为此时的先行词是of后的可数名词复数，而不是one)。
She is one of the students who are late.
她是迟到的学生之一。
(4)从句中主语是one of which时，从句谓语用单数(主语是one)。
There are many kinds of energy, one of which is nuclear energy.
能源有很多种，其中一种是核能。
完成句子
①他是那些男孩中唯一懂英语的男孩。
He is the only one of the boys who__knows__English．
②话语不能意味着它们所代表的一切。
Words cannot mean all__that__they__stand__for．
③正如我在电话中解释的那样，你的要求将在会议上得到考虑。
As__I__explained__on__the__phone,__your request will be considered at the meeting.
④这是他过去在村里住过的房子。
This is the house in which__he__used__to__live in the village.
⑤他一个月仅赚1，200元，其中一半给了他上大学的儿子。
He earns only 1，200 yuan a month, half__of__which__is__given__to__his__son at college.
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义
(D)1.exit (A)2.roof (E)3.dragon (B)4.pyramid (C)5.republic A.n. 顶部；屋顶 B.n. (古埃及的)金字塔 C.n. 共和国 D.n. 出口；通道 E.n. 龙 (C)6.take down (A)7.tell right from wrong (E)8.be processed into ... (B)9.forgive and forget (D)10.college entrance examination A.明辨是非 B.不计前嫌 C.拆除，拆卸 D.高考 E.被加工成……
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．entrance n. 入口；进入
2．mirror n. 镜子
3．parade n. 游行；检阅 vi. 游行庆祝；游行示威
4．overseas adj. 海外的 adv. 在海外
5．download vt.下载 n. 下载；已下载的数据资料
6．professional adj. 专业的；职业的 n. 专业人员；职业选手
7．forgive vt.& vi. 原谅；宽恕 vt. 对不起；请原谅
8．sheet n. 一张(纸)；床单；被单
9．archaeologist n. 考古学家
10．process n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 处理；加工
Ⅲ.选词填空
archaeologist, sheet, parade, download, professional, overseas, process, exit
1．They need to seek professional training in all new skills.
2．He has returned to Shanghai from his long overseas trip.
3．There are usually many taxis waiting at the exit of the theater.
4．The archaeologist has to get special permission to open up the grave.
5．Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.
6．He didn't like white, so he decided to colour the sheet green.
7．Thanksgiving Day parades are held in some cities.
8．You may download such pictures to your computer or smart phone.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．We should write it down in sand where winds of forgiveness (forgive) can erase it away.
2．And then Mary, who/whom we had been talking about earlier, walked in.
3．Kate and Jim talked much about the things and persons that made their trip amazing.
4．She's an artist whose work I really admire.
5．We were sitting, as I remember, in a riverside restaurant.
6．He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education.
7．She has three children, none of whom is of school age.
8．He was about to sit for his entrance (enter) exam.
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．The bridge is in__the__process__of (在……的过程中) being built.
2．On a Sunday night, a poor young violinist was playing his violin at__the__entrance__to (在……入口) the subway station.
3．Please__forgive__me__for__interrupting (请原谅我打断你的话), but I really don't agree with that.
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．医生就是负责人们健康的人。(限制性定语从句)
A__doctor__is__a__person__that/who__looks__after__people's__health.
2．她假装不认识我，我无法理解这件事。(非限制性定语从句)
She__pretended__not__to__know__me，which__I__didn't__understand.
3．我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。(限制性定语从句)
The__scientist__and__his__achievements__that__you__told__me__about__are__admired__by__us__all.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ 完形填空
(2024·吉林省长春市第二中学高一上期末)Lucas majors in classic linguistics (语言学). He is equal to recognizing a language in a(n) __1__ way no matter how unfamiliar it is. Last year, he __2__ a shell with some totally strange __3__ carved on it at a small stand.
Based on his demanding __4__ he knew it was from a small village. Besides, after __5__ some information in many reference books, he had his point of view: the symbols were __6__ as a variety of the writing system of Jiaguwen, a kind of writing system which dates back to 1500 BC.
Lucas had a(n) __7__ attitude to the discovery and applied to his university for a further research by visiting the village. With permission given, he visited it. He found the mother tongue of the villagers was a special dialect, whose vocabulary __8__ from Mandarin spoken by 1.4 billion people.
Despite many __9__， understanding the dialect and finding more shells helped him complete a report. The report was __10__ where he gave a full description: The characters __11__ by a small nation in the Shang Dynasty were passed down by means of bones and __12__. Afterwards, the nation went through ups and downs, __13__ for hundreds of years. But it __14__ disappeared due to some factors.
Lucas's report was a __15__ in the academic field, attracting more people to these special characters.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了主修古典语言学的Lucas (卢卡斯)无意中发现了一个刻有甲骨文的贝壳，在查阅书籍形成自己的观点后，他开始进一步的调查研究并完成了一篇报告，引起了学术界的轰动。
1．( )A.ancient B．narrow
C．specific D．demanding
答案：C
解析：ancient古老的；narrow狭窄的；specific特定的；demanding苛求的。根据上文“Lucas majors in ... recognizing a language”可推知，主修古典语言学的Lucas应该是有识别陌生语言的特定方式。故选C。
2．( )A.appreciated B．begged
C．discovered D．buried
答案：C
解析：appreciate欣赏；beg乞求；discover发现；bury埋藏。根据下文“a shell with some totally strange __3__ carved on it at a small stand”可推知，Lucas在小摊上发现了这个表面刻着一些陌生符号的贝壳。故选C。
3．( )A.pants B．affairs
C．symbols D．gaps
答案：C
解析：pants裤子；affair事务；symbol符号；gap间隙。根据下文“the symbols”可知，贝壳上刻着一些完全陌生的符号。故选C。
4．( )A.calligraphy B．investigation
C．delivery D．summary
答案：B
解析：calligraphy书法；investigation调查；delivery投递；summary总结。根据下文“he knew it was from a small village”可推知，他是通过一番调查后，得知了贝壳的来源。故选B。
5．( )A.looking up B．applying for
C．sweeping away D．coming along
答案：A
解析：look up查找；apply for申请；sweep away扫除；come along进展。根据下文“some information in many reference books”可推知，他查找了许多参考书中的一些信息。故选A。
6．( )A.honored B．regarded
C．employed D．recommended
答案：B
解析：honor尊敬；regard认为；employ雇用；recommend推荐。根据上文“the symbols”和下文“as a variety of the writing system of Jiaguwen”可推知，贝壳上的符号被认为是甲骨文书写系统的一种变体，be regarded as为固定搭配，意为“被认为是，被视作”。故选B。
7．( )A.extra B．serious
C．calm D．suitable
答案：B
解析：extra额外的；serious严肃的；calm平静的；suitable合适的。根据下文“applied to his university for a further research by visiting the village”可知，Lucas向大学申请进行进一步的研究，由此可推知，他对待这一发现是严肃认真的。故选B。
8．( )A.suffered B．learned
C．differed D．survived
答案：C
解析：suffer遭受；learn学到；differ有差异；survive幸存。根据上文“the mother tongue of the villagers was a special dialect”可知，村民的母语是一种特殊的方言，此处是指词汇与普通话不同，differ from意为“不同于”。故选C。
9．( )A.emergencies B．eruptions
C．crashes D．challenges
答案：D
解析：emergency紧急情况；eruption爆发；crash崩溃；challenge挑战。根据下文“understanding the dialect and finding more shells helped him complete a report”可推知，此处表示尽管面临许多挑战。故选D。
10．( )A.supplied B．destroyed
C．carved D．published
答案：D
解析：supply提供；destroy破坏；carve雕刻；publish发表。根据下文“Lucas's report was a __15__ in the academic field, attracting more people to these special characters.”可知，Lucas的这份报告在学术界引起了反响，由此可知，此处是指被发表了。故选D。
11．( )A.sheltered B．told
C．created D．donated
答案：C
解析：shelter庇护；tell告诉；create创造；donate捐赠。根据下文“by a small nation in the Shang Dynasty”可推知，这些文字是商朝的一个小国创造的。故选C。
12．( )A.shells B．bricks
C．metal D．pipes
答案：A
解析：shell贝壳；brick砖；metal金属；pipe管道。根据上文“finding more shells”可知，这些文字是通过骨头和贝壳流传下来的。故选A。
13．( )A.struggling B．appreciating
C．unifying D．tapping
答案：A
解析：struggle奋斗；appreciate欣赏；unify统一；tap轻拍。根据上文“the nation went through ups and downs”可知，这个国家经历了跌宕起伏，奋斗着延续了数百年。故选A。
14．( )A.fluently B．positively
C．extremely D．finally
答案：D
解析：fluently流利地；positively积极地；extremely极度地；finally最后。根据上文“Afterwards, the nation went through ups and downs, __13__ for hundreds of years.”和But可推知，这个经历了跌宕起伏的国家最终还是消失了。故选D。
15．( )A.joke B．signal
C．hit D．champion
答案：C
解析：joke笑话；signal信号；hit成功的或风行一时的事物；champion冠军。根据下文“attracting more people to these special characters”可知，这份报告吸引了更多的人关注这些特殊的文字，此处是指引起了轰动。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
(2024·河南省南阳市第一高级中学高一下阶段检测)Regarded as the largest Buddhist cave site with the greatest amount of cultural relics in the world, the Mogao Caves, also known as the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas, is a large palace of art combining different ancient architectures, incredible painted sculptures and extraordinary varied wall paintings. 1(____)
Most caves found in the Mogao Caves are examples of rock－cut architecture of different styles in terms of building and function. 2(____) Many of the caves originally had wooden porches, but only five remains. 3(____)
Dating back to over one thousand years ago, the wall paintings in the Mogao Caves, with an area of 450，000 square feet, are valued for their size and richness of content as well as their art techniques. 4(____) They display the history and folk customs of ancient China and illustrate a variety of stories, natural scenery and daily life of ancient people.
There are around 2，400 painted sculptures in the Mogao Caves. 5(____) The early sculptures feature Indian and Central Asian styles, and later they show more Chinese elements.
A．Most of the sculptures are constructed on the hillside in wooden frames.
B．The two earliest porches belong to the wooden architecture of the Song Dynasty.
C．The amazing wall paintings are colourfully and vividly painted on the walls and ceilings.
D．It is well known for a great number of colourful wall paintings and a variety of vivid statues.
E．Additionally, the wall paintings adopted artistic features from Iran, India, Greece, and other places.
F．The caves are of different sizes, among which the biggest one is 40－metre high and 30－metre wide.
G．They illustrate the magnificent history and wonderful artistic and cultural achievements of several dynasties.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了莫高窟的洞窟、壁画以及雕塑的情况。
1．答案：G
解析：根据上文内容可知，本段主要介绍了莫高窟的情况，G项(它们展示了几个朝代辉煌的历史和精彩的艺术文化成就。)承接上文，继续对莫高窟的情况展开说明。故选G。
2．答案：F
解析：上文“Most caves found ... building and function.”提到在莫高窟发现的大多数洞窟都是在建筑和功能方面具有不同风格的石刻建筑的例子。F项(这些洞窟大小不一，其中最大的一个高40米，宽30米。)承接上文。故选F。
3．答案：B
解析：上文“Many of the caves originally had wooden porches, but only five remains.”提到许多洞窟最初有木制门廊，但现在只剩下5个。B项(最早的两个门廊属于宋代的木质建筑。)承接上文，且其中的porches对应上文中porches。故选B。
4．答案：C
解析：根据上文“Dating back to ... their art techniques.”可知，本段主要介绍了莫高窟的壁画情况，C项(墙上和天花板上的壁画色彩鲜艳，栩栩如生。)符合语境。故选C。
5．答案：A
解析：根据上文“There are around 2，400 painted sculptures in the Mogao Caves.”可知，莫高窟中大约有2，400件彩绘雕塑，A项(大多数雕塑是在山坡上用木制框架建造的。)承接上文，且其中的sculptures为原词复现。故选A。
Ⅲ 语法填空
(2024·安徽省阜阳市高一上期末)Carved out of a rocky hill, the Temple of the Rising Sun had showed the power of Egypt's greatest pharaoh to the Nubian people in the Upper Nile. Over time, the great temple and the smaller buildings became __1__ (cover) in sand for centuries, until __2__ (they) rediscovery in 1813.
But just over a century later, the southernmost relics of this ancient human civilization were threatened __3__ the rising waters of the Nile following the construction (建造) of the Aswan High Dam. The construction of the Dam was meant to develop agriculture as well as economy, and led to a global debate __4__ has appeared on the front pages of every newspaper in __5__ world ever since: Why should people care for ancient stones and buildings when so many people need food
In an attempt __6__ (save) the temples of Egypt, UNESCO said that humanity does not have to sacrifice (牺牲) the past to develop economy in the present. Cultural heritage sites help us understand who we are __7__ also mean massive opportunities for development.
The race against time __8__ (begin) in 1964, when experts from different __9__ (nation) started working together. The whole site was __10__ (careful) cut into large blocks, lifted and moved to a new location 65 metres higher and 200 metres back from the river, preserving it for future generations.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了埃及为了保护旭日神庙，将其移动到高65米、距河流200米的新位置。
1．答案：covered
解析：考查非谓语动词。主句主语the great temple and the smaller buildings与动词cover之间是被动关系，且设空前有连系动词became，设空处应用过去分词。故填covered。
2．答案：their
解析：考查代词。根据设空后的rediscovery可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词rediscovery。故填their。
3．答案：by
解析：考查介词。句意：但仅仅一个多世纪后，这个古老人类文明最南端的遗迹就受到了阿斯旺高坝修建后尼罗河水位上涨的威胁。此句为被动语态结构，应用介词by。故填by。
4．答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，且从句中缺少主语；先行词为a global debate，指物，故此处用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
5．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。in the world为固定搭配，意为“在世界上”。故填the。
6．答案：to save
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了拯救埃及的神庙，联合国教科文组织表示，人类不必牺牲过去来发展现在的经济。in an attempt to do sth意为“为了做某事”，是固定短语。故填to save。
7．答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：文化遗产有助于我们了解自己，也意味着巨大的发展机会。设空前help us understand who we are和设空后also mean massive opportunities for development是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
8．答案：began
解析：考查动词的时态。根据设空后时间状语in 1964可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填began。
9．答案：nations
解析：考查名词。根据设空前different可知，此处应用名词复数。故填nations。
10．答案：carefully
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词cut。故填carefully。
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·四川省兴文第二中学高一上月考)Several years ago, I was living in New York and working for an airline, so I never got back home for Christmas. My Christmas was happy too with some other colleagues around. But in my heart I was sad because I couldn't stay with my family. Sometimes my colleagues would say our Christmas was filled with tears. But this Christmas was different. I was lucky. I had the whole day off, which meant I could stay with my family on Christmas Eve.
When Christmas morning came, I awoke to a small hand rubbing my face. “Dad, Merry Christmas！” my younger son said. He seemed to be racing against time. I knew he was hunting for gifts with his brother eagerly. I got downstairs just to see the two little boys' faces as they looked at the pocket rockets Santa Claus had left them. I realized that the real Christmas was for the children who had deep belief in the amazing power of Santa Claus. At first, their fingers went almost shyly over their toys. When their inspection had been completed, the two boys ensured that the gifts were really delivered by Santa Claus and they dragged everything into the center of the living room.
Delight flooded the room. As their mother began giving out gifts, I smiled to myself, wondering how my unexpected gifts this year would be received. With so many Christmases spent outside, I had prepared so many gifts for my children and together with my wife I hid them in several secret places. But the children were excellent detectives and they found all of them. They were happily opening packages constantly thanking considerate Santa Claus for his kindness and ability to know their desires. But I had not received a single one. I knew they had forgotten my existence with my absence from their Christmas these years.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I had to admit that my disappointment was growing steadily. Suddenly my wife walked up to me.
5R解读故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
I, wife,__children
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
I was disappointed for I thought my__families__didn't__prepare__Christmas__gifts__for__me．
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
I was glad to stay with my family on Christmas Eve. Everyone was satisfied with their gifts, but when I found that nobody seemed to prepare gifts for me, I was disappointed．
5．Read for theme (主题)
Even an adult needs caring especially on festival holiday.
4步确定框架
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
I__was__moved__to__tears.
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
I__thanked__him__from__the__bottom__of__my__heart,__still__feeling__disappointed.
Step 3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
I was disappointed but I had to pretend that nothing wrong happened to me.
第二段：
My family didn't ignore__my__feeling and they gave a big surprise that made me really moved．
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
I was wondering whether I could get a gift when my younger son ran to me, who was really kind enough to save my face. He asked me to admire__his__gifts which he deeply believed were carefully chosen by Santa Claus. He said happily that he would share some of the gifts of his and allow__me__to__choose__one from them.
第二段：
It seemed that she had guessed how I felt. She asked me to look at the Christmas tree which was decorated with so many boxes. I thought she__was__showing__off her efforts on the decoration but she took off a small box and passed it to me smiling and saying it was for me.I opened it and saw a letter which read “We will never forget__you. Merry Christmas！” Under the letter was a watch which was clicking with delight.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”因工作原因已经很久没和家人一起过圣诞节了，有幸今年能够和家人一起过圣诞节，“我”感到很开心也很期待。但是“我”却失望地发现大家没有为“我”准备礼物，“我”的内心活动是怎样的？大家真的忘记为“我”准备礼物了吗？
[精彩范文]
I had to admit that my disappointment was growing steadily. I was wondering whether I could get a gift when my younger son ran to me, who was really kind enough to save my face. He asked me to admire his gifts which he deeply believed were carefully chosen by Santa Claus. He said happily that he would share some of the gifts of his and allow me to choose one from them. I thanked him from the bottom of my heart, still feeling disappointed.
Suddenly my wife walked up to me. It seemed that she had guessed how I felt. She asked me to look at the Christmas tree which was decorated with so many boxes. I thought she was showing off her efforts on the decoration but she took off a small box and passed it to me smiling and saying it was for me. I opened it and saw a letter which read “We will never forget you. Merry Christmas！” Under the letter was a watch which was clicking with delight. I was moved to tears.
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1. 2. 3.
21(共81张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
单元主题：人与社会——文化遗产
Unit 1 CULTURAL HERITAGE
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．republic n. ________
2．pyramid n. ________________________
3．overseas adj. _________ adv. __________
4．exit n. ________________ vi.& vt. ________________
5．sheet n. _____________________
6．parade n. ______________ vi. _______________________
7．mirror n. _________
8．roof n. ________________
9．dragon n. _____
共和国
(古埃及的)金字塔；棱锥体
海外的
在海外
出口；通道
出去；离去
一张(纸)；床单；被单
游行；检阅
游行庆祝；游行示威
镜子
顶部；屋顶
龙
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．___________ vt. 下载 n. 下载；已下载的数据资料
2．________ n. 入口；进入
3．________ n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 处理；加工
4．________ vt.& vi. 原谅；宽恕 vt. 对不起；请原谅
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词,并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．____________ adj. 专业的；职业的 n. 专业人员；职业选手→___________ n. 职业,行业→_____________ adv. 在职业上；内行地
2．______________ n. 考古学家→___________ n. 考古学
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
mirror 熟义：n. _________
生义：n. 写照；反映某种情况的事物 vt. 反映；映照；反射
download
entrance
process
forgive
professional
profession
professionally
archaeologist
archaeology
镜子
自主学习 课时语法
阅读下列定语从句,写出句中的先行词和关系词
1．The boy who came to the city for the first time was amazed at the plane.________________
2．This is the school where Tom studied.________________
3．She had a book which she believed was bought by her father at a high price.________________
4．Mary showed me around a factory which had been built for 30 years.________________
The boy who
the school where
a book which
a factory which
5．The only thing that I could find in his drawer was a movie ticket.___________
6．There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.________________
7．I have read all the books that Jimmy gave me the other day.________________
8．Temples and other cultural sites were moved to a place where they were safe from the water.________________
thing that
a time when
the books that
a place where
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
（一）高频词
enter v. 进入；参加
an/the entrance to ... ……的入口
college entrance examination 大学入学考试，高考
enter (sb) for 报名参加
1.entrance n. 入口；进入(教材P6)
【语境感知】
①The entrance to the train station was closed off following the explosion.
爆炸发生后随即封锁了火车站入口。
②In China, the college entrance examination is considered to be very important.
在中国，高考被认为是非常重要的。
③Only four British players have entered for the championship.
只有四名英国运动员报名参加了锦标赛。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He was driven out of a side ________ (enter) with his hand covering his face.
②Both men have been entered ________ the 100 metres in Paris next month.
【学会表达】完成句子
③洞的入口高四英尺,宽四英尺。
_________________________ is four feet high and four feet wide.
entrance
for
The entrance to the cave
processed adj. 加工过的，经加工的
in the process of ... 在……的过程中
in the process 同时，在此过程中
in process 在进行中
be processed into ... 被加工成……
2.process n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 处理；加工(教材P6)
【语境感知】
①The company is in the process of moving to new offices.
这家公司正在迁往新办公室。
②What you have learned in the process will prove useful in your future work.
你在这个过程中学到的东西在你未来的工作中会被证明是有用的。(建议信)
③Although this project is still in process and needs some work, it looks promising.
尽管此项目仍在进行中，并且仍有一些工作要做，但其前景可观。
④The material will be processed into plastic pellets.
这种材料将被加工成塑料小球。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The administration is in the process of ________ (draw) up a peace plan.
②It will be boiled and processed ________ one of the most important materials.
③Eating more natural food is healthier than eating ___________ (process) food.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④她的小说正被拍成电视连续剧。
____________________________________________________________________
drawing
into
processed
Her novel is in the process of being turned into a television series.
forgiveness n. 原谅
forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事
forgive sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人(做了)某事
forgive and forget 不计前嫌；不记仇
3.forgive vt.& vi. (forgave; forgiven) 原谅；宽恕 vt. 对不起；请原谅(教材P7)
【语境感知】
①He begged forgiveness for what he had done.
他为自己所做的事请求原谅。
②She could never forgive him for the theft of the money.
她永远不能原谅他偷了钱。
③I don't think she's ever quite forgiven me for getting her name wrong that time.
我觉得那次我把她的名字弄错了，她到现在也没原谅我。
④He didn't look the sort of man to forgive and forget.
他看起来不是那种可以不计前嫌的人。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Forgive me for ________ (say) so, but that's useless.
②I'll never forgive her ________ what she did.
【学会表达】完成句子
③请原谅我没能尽快给你回信。
____________________________________ reply to you as soon as possible.
saying
for
Please forgive me for not being able to
4.professional adj. 专业的；职业的 n. 专业人员；职业选手→____________ n. 职业；行业→ _____________ adv. 在职业上；内行地
【语境感知】
I am very interested in the sales profession and I believe your company can provide a good opportunity for my professional development.
我对销售行业非常感兴趣，我相信贵公司能为我的职业发展提供一个很好的机会。
（二）拓展词
profession
professionally
5.archaeologist n. 考古学家→____________ n. 考古学
【语境感知】
The exhibition kindled the boy's interest in archaeology and he was determined to become an archaeologist.
这次展览激发了这个男孩对考古学的兴趣，他决心成为一名考古学家。
archaeology
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He has been playing basketball ______________ (professional) for five years.
②After discussions with the local people, the ________________ (archaeology) set out to dig near a village.
【学会表达】完成句子
③他一步一步努力,终于成为行业内的翘楚。
He worked his way to _______________________.
④他在大学里主修考古学,并梦想着将来成为一名考古学家。
He ____________________ in university and dreamed of becoming an archaeologist in the future.
professionally
archaeologist(s)
the top of his profession
majored in archaeology
6.mirror [熟义] n. 镜子
[生义] n. ____________________________ vt. __________________
【语境感知】
①When I looked in the mirror, I couldn't believe it. I looked fantastic!
当我照镜子时，我简直不敢相信。我看起来太棒了！
②Dickens' novels are a mirror of his times.
狄更斯的小说是他那个时代的写照。
③Our newspaper aims to mirror the opinions of ordinary people.
我们的报纸旨在反映普通人的意见。
（三）熟词生义
写照；反映某种情况的事物
反映；映照；反射
【学会理解】同义词替换
①The music of the time mirrored the feeling of optimism in the country. ________________
【学会表达】翻译句子
②他心不在焉地看着镜子中的自己。
____________________________________________________________________
③这本书虽然不是传记,但仍旧是他生活的写照。
____________________________________________________________________
reflected 反映
He absent mindedly looked at himself in the mirror.
The book is a mirror of his life even if/though it is not a biography.
探究二 限制性定语从句(3)
限制性定语从句：起限定作用，指特定的人或物，不可省略，否则主句句意不完整、含混不清或发生改变。
语法点1 与非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)在格式上，限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句最明显的区别就是后者要用逗号与主句隔开。
①The girl who spoke is my best friend.
讲话的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
②I like to chat with Jack, who is a clever boy.
我喜欢和杰克聊天，他是个聪明的男孩。
(2)在意义上，限制性定语从句主要修饰先行词，与主句关系密切，去除后会使主句意义不完整。而非限制性定语从句主要是对先行词进行补充说明，与主句的关系没有那么密切，省略后不会影响到主句的完整意思。
①This is the family which is planning to move to the city.
这是计划搬进城里的一家人。
②She dances well, which I've known since I saw her dance last year.
她跳舞跳得好，自从我去年看过她跳舞我就知道这件事了。
(3)限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、短语或句子。另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他独一无二的普通名词时，通常用非限制性定语从句。
①A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
商店应存有最畅销的货物。(which引导限制性定语从句，先行词为goods)
②David studies hard and is ready to help others, which is what his parents expect.
大卫努力学习，乐于助人，这是他父母所期望的。(which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句)
(4)在限制性定语从句中，关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略；而非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。
①This is the best film (that) I have ever seen for years.
这是多年来我看过的最好的一部电影。
②This machine, which I have looked after for 20 years, is still working perfectly.
这台机器我照管了20年，现在仍然运转良好。
单句语法填空
①Do you know the professor ___________ is speaking at the meeting
②I couldn't find the book __________________ you recommended.
③He has passed the college entrance examination, ________ makes his parents quite happy.
④In our company there are two experts ________ come from Russia.
⑤The old man still lives in the hut, ________ windows face north.
who/that
that/which/不填
which
who/that
whose
语法点2 使用时需要注意的问题
关系代词只用that的情况
(1)当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时。
All that can be done must be done.
凡是能做的都必须做。
(2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
①That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
②The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
(3)先行词由the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。
My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.
我的项链不是唯一丢失的东西。
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。
The writer and his novels that you have just talked about are really well known.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很出名。
(5)当主句以who或which开头时，引导词用that，不用who或which，以避免 重复。
Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat
穿红色外套的女孩子是谁？
关系代词只用which而不用that的情况
在介词后面的关系代词用which而不能用that。即“介词＋which(指代物)”。
There is a sense in which we are all to blame for the tragedy.
在某种意义上，对这个悲剧我们大家都有责任。
as引导的定语从句
(1)as引导限制性定语从句时，主要用在such ... as和the same ... as的结构中，as可指代表示人或物的先行词。
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
我们已经找到了像他们工厂里使用的那些材料。(such ... as结构中，as后的句子解释说明先行词materials)
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放在主句之前、之后或句中。此时修饰的是整个主句，并对其进行解释说明。
Thanksgiving Day has been an international festival, as we know.
众所周知，感恩节已经成为一个国际性的节日。(as引导的从句解释说明前面的主句)
主谓一致
(1)关系代词在从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。
①Choose someone who is fit for the job.
选一个适合这份工作的人。
②Do you know the girls who are wearing long dresses
你认识那些穿着长裙的女孩吗？
(2)先行词是the only one of ＋可数名词复数，关系词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语用单数(因为此时的先行词是the only one，而不是of后的可数名词复数)。
He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.
他是那些男孩子当中唯一一个喜欢弹钢琴的。
(3)先行词是one of ＋可数名词复数，关系词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语用复数(因为此时的先行词是of后的可数名词复数，而不是one)。
She is one of the students who are late.
她是迟到的学生之一。
(4)从句中主语是one of which时，从句谓语用单数(主语是one)。
There are many kinds of energy, one of which is nuclear energy.
能源有很多种，其中一种是核能。
完成句子
①他是那些男孩中唯一懂英语的男孩。
He is the only one of the boys ____________________．
②话语不能意味着它们所代表的一切。
Words cannot mean ____________________．
③正如我在电话中解释的那样,你的要求将在会议上得到考虑。
___________________________, your request will be considered at the meeting.
④这是他过去在村里住过的房子。
This is the house in ____________________ in the village.
⑤他一个月仅赚1,200元,其中一半给了他上大学的儿子。
He earns only 1,200 yuan a month, _____________________________ at college.
who knows English
all that they stand for
As I explained on the phone
which he used to live
half of which is given to his son
对点练习 巩固所学
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义
(____)1.exit (____)2.roof (____)3.dragon (____)4.pyramid (____)5.republic A.n. 顶部；屋顶 B.n. (古埃及的)金字塔 C.n. 共和国 D.n. 出口；通道 E.n. 龙 (____)6.take down (____)7.tell right from wrong (____)8.be processed into ... (____)9.forgive and forget (____)10.college entrance examination A.明辨是非
B.不计前嫌
C.拆除，拆卸
D.高考
E.被加工成……
Ⅰ.匹配词义
D
A
E
B
C
C
A
E
B
D
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．________ n. 入口；进入
2．________ n. 镜子
3．________ n. 游行；检阅 vi. 游行庆祝；游行示威
4．________ adj. 海外的 adv. 在海外
5．___________ vt.下载 n. 下载；已下载的数据资料
6．_____________ adj. 专业的；职业的 n. 专业人员；职业选手
7．________ vt.& vi. 原谅；宽恕 vt. 对不起；请原谅
8．________ n. 一张(纸)；床单；被单
9．______________ n. 考古学家
10．________ n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 处理；加工
entrance
mirror
parade
overseas
download
professional
forgive
sheet
archaeologist
process
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．They need to seek _____________ training in all new skills.
2．He has returned to Shanghai from his long ________ trip.
3．There are usually many taxis waiting at the ________ of the theater.
4．The ______________ has to get special permission to open up the grave.
5．Most of the food we buy is _____________ in some way.
6．He didn't like white, so he decided to colour the ________ green.
7．Thanksgiving Day ________ are held in some cities.
8．You may ____________ such pictures to your computer or smart phone.
professional
archaeologist, sheet, parade, download, professional, overseas, process, exit
overseas
exit
archaeologist
processed
sheet
parades
download
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．We should write it down in sand where winds of ____________ (forgive) can erase it away.
2．And then Mary, _____________ we had been talking about earlier, walked in.
3．Kate and Jim talked much about the things and persons ________ made their trip amazing.
4．She's an artist ________ work I really admire.
5．We were sitting, ________ I remember, in a riverside restaurant.
6．He lived in a time ________ the blind couldn't get much education.
7．She has three children, none of ________ is of school age.
8．He was about to sit for his ________ (enter) exam.
forgiveness
who/whom
that
whose
as
when
whom
entrance
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．The bridge is ________________ (在……的过程中) being built.
2．On a Sunday night, a poor young violinist was playing his violin ________________ (在……入口) the subway station.
3．________________________________ (请原谅我打断你的话), but I really don't agree with that.
in the process of
at the entrance to
Please forgive me for interrupting
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．医生就是负责人们健康的人。(限制性定语从句)
____________________________________________________________________
2．她假装不认识我,我无法理解这件事。(非限制性定语从句)
____________________________________________________________________
3．我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。(限制性定语从句)
____________________________________________________________________
A doctor is a person that/who looks after people's health.
She pretended not to know me，which I didn't understand.
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
Ⅰ 完形填空
(2024·吉林省长春市第二中学高一上期末)Lucas majors in classic linguistics (语言学). He is equal to recognizing a language in a(n) __1__ way no matter how unfamiliar it is. Last year, he __2__ a shell with some totally strange __3__ carved on it at a small stand.
Based on his demanding __4__ he knew it was from a small village. Besides, after __5__ some information in many reference books, he had his point of view: the symbols were __6__ as a variety of the writing system of Jiaguwen, a kind of writing system which dates back to 1500 BC.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Lucas had a(n) __7__ attitude to the discovery and applied to his university for a further research by visiting the village. With permission given, he visited it. He found the mother tongue of the villagers was a special dialect, whose vocabulary __8__ from Mandarin spoken by 1.4 billion people.
Despite many __9__， understanding the dialect and finding more shells helped him complete a report. The report was __10__ where he gave a full description: The characters __11__ by a small nation in the Shang Dynasty were passed down by means of bones and __12__. Afterwards, the nation went through ups and downs, __13__ for hundreds of years. But it __14__ disappeared due to some factors.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了主修古典语言学的Lucas (卢卡斯)无意中发现了一个刻有甲骨文的贝壳，在查阅书籍形成自己的观点后，他开始进一步的调查研究并完成了一篇报告，引起了学术界的轰动。
篇章导读
Lucas's report was a __15__ in the academic field, attracting more people to these special characters.
1．( )A.ancient B．narrow
C．specific D．demanding
2．( )A.appreciated B．begged
C．discovered D．buried
解析：ancient古老的；narrow狭窄的；specific特定的；demanding苛求的。根据上文“Lucas majors in ... recognizing a language”可推知，主修古典语言学的Lucas应该是有识别陌生语言的特定方式。故选C。
解析：appreciate欣赏；beg乞求；discover发现；bury埋藏。根据下文“a shell with some totally strange __3__ carved on it at a small stand”可推知，Lucas在小摊上发现了这个表面刻着一些陌生符号的贝壳。故选C。
答案
解析
3．( )A.pants B．affairs
C．symbols D．gaps
4．( )A.calligraphy B．investigation
C．delivery D．summary
解析： pants裤子；affair事务；symbol符号；gap间隙。根据下文“the symbols”可知，贝壳上刻着一些完全陌生的符号。故选C。
解析： calligraphy书法；investigation调查；delivery投递；summary总结。根据下文“he knew it was from a small village”可推知，他是通过一番调查后，得知了贝壳的来源。故选B。
答案
解析
5．( )A.looking up B．applying for
C．sweeping away D．coming along
6．( )A.honored B．regarded
C．employed D．recommended
解析： look up查找；apply for申请；sweep away扫除；come along进展。根据下文“some information in many reference books”可推知，他查找了许多参考书中的一些信息。故选A。
解析： honor尊敬；regard认为；employ雇用；recommend推荐。根据上文“the symbols”和下文“as a variety of the writing system of Jiaguwen”可推知，贝壳上的符号被认为是甲骨文书写系统的一种变体，be regarded as为固定搭配，意为“被认为是，被视作”。故选B。
答案
解析
7．( )A.extra B．serious
C．calm D．suitable
8．( )A.suffered B．learned
C．differed D．survived
解析： extra额外的；serious严肃的；calm平静的；suitable合适的。根据下文“applied to his university for a further research by visiting the village”可知，Lucas向大学申请进行进一步的研究，由此可推知，他对待这一发现是严肃认真的。故选B。
解析： suffer遭受；learn学到；differ有差异；survive幸存。根据上文“the mother tongue of the villagers was a special dialect”可知，村民的母语是一种特殊的方言，此处是指词汇与普通话不同，differ from意为“不同于”。故选C。
答案
解析
9．( )A.emergencies B．eruptions
C．crashes D．challenges
10．( )A.supplied B．destroyed
C．carved D．published
解析： emergency紧急情况；eruption爆发；crash崩溃；challenge挑战。根据下文“understanding the dialect and finding more shells helped him complete a report”可推知，此处表示尽管面临许多挑战。故选D。
解析： supply提供；destroy破坏；carve雕刻；publish发表。根据下文“Lucas's report was a __15__ in the academic field, attracting more people to these special characters.”可知，Lucas的这份报告在学术界引起了反响，由此可知，此处是指被发表了。故选D。
答案
解析
11．( )A.sheltered B．told
C．created D．donated
12．( )A.shells B．bricks
C．metal D．pipes
解析： shelter庇护；tell告诉；create创造；donate捐赠。根据下文“by a small nation in the Shang Dynasty”可推知，这些文字是商朝的一个小国创造的。故选C。
解析： shell贝壳；brick砖；metal金属；pipe管道。根据上文“finding more shells”可知，这些文字是通过骨头和贝壳流传下来的。故选A。
答案
解析
13．( )A.struggling B．appreciating
C．unifying D．tapping
14．( )A.fluently B．positively
C．extremely D．finally
解析： struggle奋斗；appreciate欣赏；unify统一；tap轻拍。根据上文“the nation went through ups and downs”可知，这个国家经历了跌宕起伏，奋斗着延续了数百年。故选A。
解析： fluently流利地；positively积极地；extremely极度地；finally最后。根据上文“Afterwards, the nation went through ups and downs, __13__ for hundreds of years.”和But可推知，这个经历了跌宕起伏的国家最终还是消失了。故选D。
答案
解析
15．( )A.joke B．signal
C．hit D．champion
解析： joke笑话；signal信号；hit成功的或风行一时的事物；champion冠军。根据下文“attracting more people to these special characters”可知，这份报告吸引了更多的人关注这些特殊的文字，此处是指引起了轰动。故选C。
答案
解析
Ⅱ 七选五
(2024·河南省南阳市第一高级中学高一下阶段检测)Regarded as the largest Buddhist cave site with the greatest amount of cultural relics in the world, the Mogao Caves, also known as the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas, is a large palace of art combining different ancient architectures, incredible painted sculptures and extraordinary varied wall paintings. 1(____)
Most caves found in the Mogao Caves are examples of rock－cut architecture of different styles in terms of building and function. 2(____) Many of the caves originally had wooden porches, but only five remains. 3(____)
Dating back to over one thousand years ago, the wall paintings in the Mogao Caves, with an area of 450，000 square feet, are valued for their size and richness of content as well as their art techniques. 4(____) They display the history and folk customs of ancient China and illustrate a variety of stories, natural scenery and daily life of ancient people.
There are around 2，400 painted sculptures in the Mogao Caves. 5(____) The early sculptures feature Indian and Central Asian styles, and later they show more Chinese elements.
A．Most of the sculptures are constructed on the hillside in wooden frames.
B．The two earliest porches belong to the wooden architecture of the Song Dynasty.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了莫高窟的洞窟、壁画以及雕塑的情况。
篇章导读
C．The amazing wall paintings are colourfully and vividly painted on the walls and ceilings.
D．It is well known for a great number of colourful wall paintings and a variety of vivid statues.
E．Additionally, the wall paintings adopted artistic features from Iran, India, Greece, and other places.
F．The caves are of different sizes, among which the biggest one is 40－metre high and 30－metre wide.
G．They illustrate the magnificent history and wonderful artistic and cultural achievements of several dynasties.
1．答案：G
解析：根据上文内容可知，本段主要介绍了莫高窟的情况，G项(它们展示了几个朝代辉煌的历史和精彩的艺术文化成就。)承接上文，继续对莫高窟的情况展开说明。故选G。
答案
解析
2．答案：F
解析：上文“Most caves found ... building and function.”提到在莫高窟发现的大多数洞窟都是在建筑和功能方面具有不同风格的石刻建筑的例子。F项(这些洞窟大小不一，其中最大的一个高40米，宽30米。)承接上文。故选F。
3．答案：B
解析：上文“Many of the caves originally had wooden porches, but only five remains.”提到许多洞窟最初有木制门廊，但现在只剩下5个。B项(最早的两个门廊属于宋代的木质建筑。)承接上文，且其中的porches对应上文中porches。故 选B。
答案
解析
4．答案：C
解析：根据上文“Dating back to ... their art techniques.”可知，本段主要介绍了莫高窟的壁画情况，C项(墙上和天花板上的壁画色彩鲜艳，栩栩如生。)符合语境。故选C。
5．答案：A
解析：根据上文“There are around 2，400 painted sculptures in the Mogao Caves.”可知，莫高窟中大约有2，400件彩绘雕塑，A项(大多数雕塑是在山坡上用木制框架建造的。)承接上文，且其中的sculptures为原词复现。故选A。
答案
解析
Ⅲ 语法填空
(2024·安徽省阜阳市高一上期末)Carved out of a rocky hill, the Temple of the Rising Sun had showed the power of Egypt's greatest pharaoh to the Nubian people in the Upper Nile. Over time, the great temple and the smaller buildings became __1__ (cover) in sand for centuries, until __2__ (they) rediscovery in 1813.
But just over a century later, the southernmost relics of this ancient human civilization were threatened __3__ the rising waters of the Nile following the construction (建造) of the Aswan High Dam. The construction of the Dam was meant to develop agriculture as well as economy, and led to a global debate __4__ has appeared on the front pages of every newspaper in __5__ world ever since: Why should people care for ancient stones and buildings when so many people need food
In an attempt __6__ (save) the temples of Egypt, UNESCO said that humanity does not have to sacrifice (牺牲) the past to develop economy in the present. Cultural heritage sites help us understand who we are __7__ also mean massive opportunities for development.
The race against time __8__ (begin) in 1964, when experts from different __9__ (nation) started working together. The whole site was __10__ (careful) cut into large blocks, lifted and moved to a new location 65 metres higher and 200 metres back from the river, preserving it for future generations.
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了埃及为了保护旭日神庙，将其移动到高65米、距河流200米的新位置。
篇章导读
1．答案：covered
解析：考查非谓语动词。主句主语the great temple and the smaller buildings与动词cover之间是被动关系，且设空前有连系动词became，设空处应用过去分词。故填covered。
答案
解析
2．答案：their
解析：考查代词。根据设空后的rediscovery可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词rediscovery。故填their。
3．答案：by
解析：考查介词。句意：但仅仅一个多世纪后，这个古老人类文明最南端的遗迹就受到了阿斯旺高坝修建后尼罗河水位上涨的威胁。此句为被动语态结构，应用介词by。故填by。
答案
解析
4．答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，且从句中缺少主语；先行词为a global debate，指物，故此处用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
5．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。in the world为固定搭配，意为“在世界上”。故填the。
答案
解析
6．答案：to save
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了拯救埃及的神庙，联合国教科文组织表示，人类不必牺牲过去来发展现在的经济。in an attempt to do sth意为“为了做某事”，是固定短语。故填to save。
7．答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：文化遗产有助于我们了解自己，也意味着巨大的发展机会。设空前help us understand who we are和设空后also mean massive opportunities for development是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
答案
解析
8．答案：began
解析：考查动词的时态。根据设空后时间状语in 1964可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填began。
9．答案：nations
解析：考查名词。根据设空前different可知，此处应用名词复数。故填nations。
答案
解析
10．答案：carefully
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词cut。故填carefully。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·四川省兴文第二中学高一上月考)Several years ago, I was living in New York and working for an airline, so I never got back home for Christmas. My Christmas was happy too with some other colleagues around. But in my heart I was sad because I couldn't stay with my family. Sometimes my colleagues would say our Christmas was filled with tears. But this Christmas was different. I was lucky. I had the whole day off, which meant I could stay with my family on Christmas Eve.
读后续写
When Christmas morning came, I awoke to a small hand rubbing my face. “Dad, Merry Christmas！” my younger son said. He seemed to be racing against time. I knew he was hunting for gifts with his brother eagerly. I got downstairs just to see the two little boys' faces as they looked at the pocket rockets Santa Claus had left them. I realized that the real Christmas was for the children who had deep belief in the amazing power of Santa Claus. At first, their fingers went almost shyly over their toys. When their inspection had been completed, the two boys ensured that the gifts were really delivered by Santa Claus and they dragged everything into the center of the living room.
Delight flooded the room. As their mother began giving out gifts, I smiled to myself, wondering how my unexpected gifts this year would be received. With so many Christmases spent outside, I had prepared so many gifts for my children and together with my wife I hid them in several secret places. But the children were excellent detectives and they found all of them. They were happily opening packages constantly thanking considerate Santa Claus for his kindness and ability to know their desires. But I had not received a single one. I knew they had forgotten my existence with my absence from their Christmas these years.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I had to admit that my disappointment was growing steadily.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Suddenly my wife walked up to me.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
5R解读故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
I, ________， ________
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
I was __________ for I thought ________________________________________．
wife
children
disappointed
my families didn't prepare Christmas gifts for me
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
I was ________ to stay with my family on Christmas Eve. Everyone was satisfied with their gifts, but when I found that nobody seemed to prepare gifts for me, I was ______________．
5．Read for theme (主题)
Even an adult needs ________ especially on festival holiday.
glad
disappointed
caring
4步确定框架
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
____________________________________________________________________
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
____________________________________________________________________
Step 3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
I was ____________ but I had to ________ that nothing wrong happened to me.
第二段：
My family didn't __________________ and they gave a big surprise that made me really ________．
I was moved to tears.
I thanked him from the bottom of my heart, still feeling disappointed.
disappointed
pretend
ignore my feeling
moved
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
I was ___________ whether I could get a gift when my younger son ran to me, who was really kind enough to save my face. He asked me to _______________ which he deeply believed were carefully chosen by Santa Claus. He said happily that he would share some of the gifts of his and ______________________ from them.
第二段：
It seemed that she had guessed how I felt. She asked me to look at the Christmas tree which was decorated with so many boxes. I thought ____________________ her efforts on the decoration but she took off a small box and passed it to me smiling and saying it was for me.I opened it and saw a letter which read “We will never ____________. Merry Christmas！” Under the letter was a watch which was clicking with delight.
wondering
admire his gifts
allow me to choose one
she was showing off
forget you
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”因工作原因已经很久没和家人一起过圣诞节了，有幸今年能够和家人一起过圣诞节，“我”感到很开心也很期待。但是“我”却失望地发现大家没有为“我”准备礼物，“我”的内心活动是怎样的？大家真的忘记为“我”准备礼物了吗？
写前导读
[精彩范文]
I had to admit that my disappointment was growing steadily. I was wondering whether I could get a gift when my younger son ran to me, who was really kind enough to save my face. He asked me to admire his gifts which he deeply believed were carefully chosen by Santa Claus. He said happily that he would share some of the gifts of his and allow me to choose one from them. I thanked him from the bottom of my heart, still feeling disappointed.
Suddenly my wife walked up to me. It seemed that she had guessed how I felt. She asked me to look at the Christmas tree which was decorated with so many boxes. I thought she was showing off her efforts on the decoration but she took off a small box and passed it to me smiling and saying it was for me. I opened it and saw a letter which read “We will never forget you. Merry Christmas！” Under the letter was a watch which was clicking with delight. I was moved to tears.
答案
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1.
2.
3.
