英语 必修 第二册RJ
Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing &
Assessing Your Progress
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．county n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
2．feast n. 盛宴；宴会；节日
3．dot n. 点；小(圆)点 vt. 加点；遍布
4．cattle n. 牛
5．roar vi.& n. 吼叫；咆哮
6．ocean n. 大海；海洋
7．scent n. 气味；气息
8．pub n. 酒吧；酒馆
9．wine n. 葡萄酒；果酒
10．beer n. (一杯)啤酒
11．stew n. 炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi. 炖；煨
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．roll vi.& vt. (使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴)；翻滚
2．greet vt. 问候；迎接
3．custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯
4．crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．poet n. 诗人→poem n. 诗；韵文→poetry n. 诗歌
2．sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的→sense n. 感觉；感官
3．striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的→strike v. 给(某人以……)印象；撞；打→strikingly adv. 惊人地；醒目地
4．transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁→transitional adj. (时期)过渡的；过渡性的
5．achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到→achieve v. (凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准)；获得成功
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
stew 熟义：n. 炖菜(有肉和蔬菜)
vt.& vi. 炖；煨
生义：vi. 思考；担忧
五、构词法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
in 不，无；向内 individual,__indicate, influence, infinite, inherit
ency 行为，状况，性质 currency,__emergency, tendency, agency, efficiency
or 从事某种职业的人；某地区/地方的人 ancestor,__doctor, competitor, conqueror, inventor
ant 属于……的；具有……性质的 descendant,__important, tolerant, assistant, accordant
课文三维剖析
BEAUTIFUL IRELAND AND ITS TRADITIONS
美丽的爱尔兰及其传统
Ireland's beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions. The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets1. Its beautiful countryside excites and2 inspires all, offering something for each of the senses3. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and4 its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle5. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and6 cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast. On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and7 breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while8 birds greet the new day with their morning song. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that9 Ireland has developed strong traditions that10 include music, dancing, and dining. To have a chance11 of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew. If12 you're lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first－hand. 一直以来，爱尔兰的美丽乡村对当地的人民和传统产生着深远的影响。爱尔兰有着孕育伟大作家和诗人的悠久传统。美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。海边波浪咆哮，海鸟鸣叫，奏响了海岸交响乐。山里宁静的早晨，感受阳光洒落在你身上，呼吸着鲜花的芬芳，而鸟儿则用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天的到来。这般美景，自然造就了爱尔兰独特的民间传统，如音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等。要想体验这一切，可以去一家乡村酒吧，喝一杯葡萄酒或本地的啤酒，放松身心。更为美妙的是，可品尝美味的爱尔兰传统炖牛肉。运气好的话，你还可以欣赏到传统的音乐和舞蹈。向友善的当地人做个自我介绍，你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。 1动名词短语作宾语 2连接两个并列谓语excites和inspires 3现在分词短语作伴随状语 4连接两个并列宾语the__“Emerald__Isle”和its__many__green__counties 5with复合结构作伴随状语，rolling是现在分词作定语，dotted with ... 是过去分词短语作宾语补足语 6连接两个并列主语the__roar和cries 7连接两个祈使句feel__the__sun__on__your__skin和breathe__in__...__flowers 8引导时间状语从句 9it是形式主语， that引导的从句是真正的主语 10引导定语从句，修饰先行词traditions 11不定式短语作目的状语 12引导条件状语从句
阅读领悟
(一)爱尔兰岛的特点
(二)请找出和“五感”有关的课文原句
Sight: The__peaceful__landscape__of__the__“Emerald__Isle”__and__its__many__green__counties__is__a__true__feast__for__the__eyes,__with__its__rolling__green__hills__dotted__with__sheep__and__cattle.
Hearing: And__down__by__the__sea,__the__roar__of__the__ocean__waves__and__cries__of__the__seabirds__make__up__the__music__of__the__coast.__
Smell & Touch & Hearing: On__a__quiet__morning__in__the__mountains,__feel__the__sun__on__your__skin,__and__breathe__in__the__sweet__scent__of__fresh__flowers__while__birds__greet__the__new__day__with__their__morning__song.
(三)问题链
1．What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring
Its__beauty__and__how__it__offers__something__for__all__the__senses.
2．What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and culture
By__stopping__by__a__village__pub__and__relaxing__with__a__drink__and__traditional__meal__while__listening__to__music__and__watching__dancing./By__exploring__all__different__parts__of__the__country__and__experiencing__what__the__country__gives__to__all__the__senses.
探究一 热词
(一)高频词
1.greet vt. 问候；迎接(教材P44)
greeting n. 问候；招呼；迎接；致意 greet sb with ... 以……迎接/接待某人 be greeted with/by ... 受到……的迎接/接待 give/send (one's) greetings to sb 向某人问候
【语境感知】
①Bill opened the door to Harold and greeted him with cries of welcome.
比尔给哈罗德开了门，欢呼着迎接他。(动作描写)
②The winning team was greeted by cheering crowds.
获胜的队伍受到欢呼的人群的欢迎。
③My mother sends her greetings to you all.
我母亲向你们大家问好。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①As we walked into the house, we were__greeted (greet) by a wonderful smell of baking.
②The teacher greeted each child with a friendly “Hello！”．
③He nodded his head in greeting (greet)．
【学会表达】翻译句子
④他们相互致意后便坐下吃午饭。
They__exchanged__greetings__and__sat__down__to__lunch.
2.custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯(教材P44)
It is the custom (for sb) to do sth (某人)做某事是习惯 a local/an ancient custom 当地的/古老的风俗
【语境感知】
①It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously.
他的习惯是谨慎地处理每一个问题。(人物描写)
②The guide offers information on local customs.
导游手册介绍了当地的风俗习惯。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He has tried to adapt to local customs (custom)．
②It's the custom for the bride's father to__pay (pay) for the wedding.
【学会表达】完成句子
③尽管在国外生活了多年，他仍然遵守中国人传统的风俗习惯。
Though having lived abroad for years, he__still__follows__the__traditional__customs__of__Chinese.
3.crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤(教材P46)
follow the crowd 随大流 a crowd of/crowds of 一群……/成群的…… crowd around/round (...) 聚集在(……)周围 crowd ... into/onto ... 把……装满(或塞满)……；……使……拥挤 crowd into/onto ... 大批涌入(狭小的空间)
【语境感知】
①He wanted to go unnoticed, to be one of the crowd.
他不想引人注目，只求做个普通百姓。
②We all crowded around the stove to keep warm.
我们都挤在炉子周围取暖。(动作描写)
③One group of journalists were crowded into a minibus.
一群记者挤进一辆小型公共汽车。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She's quite happy to follow the crowd.
②Hundreds of people crowded into/onto the church for the funeral.
③Police blocked off the road as hotel staff and guests crowded around/round．
【学会表达】完成句子
④我敢和你打赌，他能在一群人中认出她来。
I bet you he can pick her out of a__crowd__of__people．
(二)拓展词
4.poet n. 诗人→poem n. 诗；韵文→poetry n. 诗歌
【语境感知】
The poet wrote a beautiful poem that showcased his profound understanding of poetry.
这位诗人写了一首优美的诗，展示了他对诗歌的深刻理解。
5.sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的→sense n. 感觉；感官
【语境感知】
The artist's painting evoked a powerful sensory experience, appealing to my sense of sight and touch.
这位艺术家的画作引发了一种强烈的感官体验，吸引了我的视觉和触觉。
6.striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的→strike v. 给(某人以……)印象；撞；打→strikingly adv. 惊人地；醒目地
【语境感知】
The striking painting immediately caught my attention, and the colors struck me as strikingly vibrant.
那幅引人注目的画作立刻吸引了我的注意，而那些颜色在我看来异常鲜艳。
7.transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁→transitional adj. (时期)过渡的；过渡性的
【语境感知】
During the transitional period, the company made several smooth transitions to adapt to the new market conditions.
在过渡期间，公司为了适应新的市场条件，顺利进行了几次转型。
8.achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到→achieve v. (凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准)；获得成功
【语境感知】
Besides the achievements ranging from economy to architecture, Mr White achieved one success after another in the AI field.
除了从经济到建筑的成就外，怀特先生还在人工智能领域取得了一个又一个的成功。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Collin admires those who have made great achievements (achieve) in the scientific fields.
②Since you are an expert in English poetry (poet), I'd like to invite you to give us a speech on that.
③The new candy shop offers a wide range of sensory (sense) experiences, from the colorful displays to the delicious tastes.
④Her eyes are her most striking (strike) feature.
【学会表达】完成句子
⑤这座城市正在经历重大转型，向着更加环保的方向发展。
The city is undergoing a__significant__transition as it moves towards becoming more environmentally friendly.
(三)熟词生义
9.stew [熟义] n. 炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi. 炖；煨 [生义] vi. 思考；担忧
【语境感知】
①The pot of stew on the stove smelled delicious.
炉子上的炖菜闻起来很美味。
②I've been stewing over the problem for a while.
这个问题我已经考虑了一会儿。
【学会理解】同义词替换
①There's no point in stewing over things you can't change. worrying__担忧
【学会表达】完成句子
②我喜欢把蔬菜和肉一起炖，做出一顿丰盛的餐食。
I like to stew__vegetables__and__meat__together to make a hearty meal.
探究二 长难句分析
10．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(教材P44) “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
【分析】 此处运用了with复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾补”，在从句中作伴随状语。 with复合结构的几种形式： with＋名词/代词＋名词 with＋名词/代词＋形容词 with＋名词/代词＋副词 with＋名词/代词＋介词短语 with＋名词/代词＋现在分词 with＋名词/代词＋过去分词 with＋名词/代词＋动词不定式
【语境感知】
①He kept silent with his face red.
他红着脸沉默着不说话。
②Tom felt lonely with her parents out.
汤姆的父母不在家，他感到很孤单。
③He came out of the library, with a thick book under his arm.
他走出了图书馆，胳膊下夹着一本厚厚的书。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The night is dark, with someone crying (cry)．
②With my key lost (lose), I have to look for it.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③由于有太多的家庭作业要做，我不能出去。
I__can't__go__out__with__so__much__homework__to__do.
④他头枕着手臂睡着了。
He__was__asleep__with__his__head__on__his__arms.
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义
(C)1.ocean (E)2.feast (D)3.scent (B)4.county (A)5.cattle A．n. 牛 B．n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡 C．n. 大海；海洋 D．n. 气味；气息 E．n. 盛宴；宴会 (C)6.have an influence on ... (A)7.be dotted with ... (D)8.make up (B)9.be likely to do sth (E)10.the sweet scent of ... A．点缀着…… B．很可能做某事 C．对……有影响 D．组成，构成 E．……的芳香
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．wine n. 葡萄酒；果酒
2．roar vi.& n. 吼叫；咆哮
3．roll vi.& vt. (使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴)；翻滚
4．greet vt. 问候；迎接
5．beer n. (一杯)啤酒
6．custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯
7．pub n. 酒吧；酒馆
8．crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤
9．poet n. 诗人
10．sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的
Ⅲ.选词填空
striking, transition, greet, feast, crowd, custom, sensory, poet
1．After graduating from high school, I made a smooth transition into college life.
2．The striking landscape of the Grand Canyon left a lasting impression on me.
3．The sensory experience of the spa treatment was incredibly relaxing.
4．The poet's words painted a vivid picture in my mind.
5．I greeted my friend with a warm hug when I saw him at the party.
6．The crowd cheered loudly as the winning team walked onto the field.
7．In my culture, it's a custom to exchange gifts during the holiday season.
8．We celebrated our anniversary with a feast of delicious foods and drinks.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．The beautiful poem (poet) moved me deeply with its heartfelt words.
2．The broken (break) glass has been thrown outside.
3．The strikingly (strike) tall building stands out against the skyline of the city.
4．The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop) after great effort.
5．The sensory (sense) experience of the concert was an explosion of sound and color.
6．He greeted all his guests with a fixed smile on his face.
7．After the exam, I went through a transitional (transition) period of relaxation before starting my summer job.
8．It is the custom in that country for women to__marry (marry) young.
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．You're__likely__to__feel (你可能会觉得) anxious and pressured.
2．The art exhibition was a__feast__for__the__eyes (视觉盛宴), featuring beautiful paintings from around the world.
3．As we walked through the forest, we breathed__in__the__fresh__air (呼吸新鲜的空气) and enjoyed the peaceful atmosphere.
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．我当学生时，他的画对我产生过强烈的影响。(have an influence on)
His__paintings__had__a__strong__influence__on__me__as__a__student.
2．晚上吃一些蒸土豆或烤土豆不会增加你的体重。(过去分词短语作定语)
Eating__some__steamed__potatoes__or__baked__potatoes__at__night__will__not__increase__your__weight.
3．她发现自己被亚洲文化所吸引，于是决定开始学习汉语。(过去分词作宾补)
She__found__herself__attracted__by__Asian__culture__and__decided__to__start__learning__Chinese.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·贵州省贵阳市第一中学高一上质量监测)Toilet paper as we know it today is a relatively modern invention that's only been around for about 150 years. It's natural to wonder what was used before modern toilet paper. Toilet paper in its ancient form dates back to China in at least the 6th century. Although paper itself appeared long before that time.
In ancient times, many kinds of materials (材料) were used instead of toilet paper. For example, sand was used by people who settled near the desert (沙漠); grass was used by people living in the grassland. Some other things known to have been used included: fur, leaves, rocks, snow, and so on. Of course, it wasn't uncommon for people to go to the bathroom in a small river.
They might have used a cloth or their hands to clean themselves afterward. For many people, that might have been preferable to the method used by ancient Romans: a sponge (海绵) on a stick kept in saltwater.
Luckily for us, Joseph Gayetty created the first toilet paper in 1857. His “Gayetty's Medicated Paper” didn't become popular soon, however, since the public was used to using materials they got for free rather than spending money on toilet paper. The rolled toilet paper we're familiar with today appeared in the 1880s. It wasn't necessarily soft like we're now used to, though. Paper production methods would often leave splinters (刺) in toilet paper. It wasn't until 1935 that Northern Tissue said they had made “splinter free” toilet paper.
Other improvements in toilet paper happened over the course of the 20th century. Larger rolls with softer paper became more popular. Today, take a trip to your local supermarket and you will find many different kinds of toilet paper. For such a widely used, necessary invention, it isn't given much thought ... until it runs out!
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了厕纸发明前后的情况。
1．What might decide which material ancient people used after using the bathroom？( )
A．What they did.
B．Where they lived.
C．How old they were.
D．How long they used the bathroom.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example ... in the grassland.”可知，古人就地取材来解决如厕后的清洁问题，即在古代，如厕后用什么材料取决于人们生活在哪里。故选B。
2．Why was Gayetty's Medicated Paper unpopular at first？( )
A．Because the paper had splinters.
B．Because the paper couldn't be shared.
C．Because people didn't want to pay for it.
D．Because people preferred rolled toilet paper.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His ‘Gayetty's Medicated Paper’ ... on toilet paper.”可知，由于人们不习惯花钱买厕纸，所以Gayetty's Medicated Paper一开始并不流行。故选C。
3．How does the text mainly develop？( )
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By telling an interesting story.
D．By following the order of time.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文中依次出现的“in at least the 6th century”“In ancient times” “in 1857” “in the 1880s” “until 1935” “the 20th century”和“Today”可推知，本文主要按照时间顺序展开。故选D。
4．What would be the best title for the text？( )
A．A great invention—toilet paper
B．Why was toilet paper invented
C．Toilet paper vs water: which to choose
D．What did people use before toilet paper
答案：A
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了厕纸的发明史，并指出这是一项广泛使用的、必要的发明。A项(一个伟大的发明——厕纸)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
B
(2024·广东省东莞市东华高级中学高一上月考)The story about horses in North America told in several written histories is in need of an update, according to a new study. After examining archaeological remains (遗骸) of horses, researchers suggest indigenous peoples (土著居民) had spread the animals through the American West by the first half of the 1600s—before they met Europeans.
The findings agree with oral histories from indigenous groups, which tell of interactions (相互作用) with horses before settlers arrived in their homelands. Meanwhile, written European texts from the 1700s and 1800s stated that horses only spread through the area after 1680.
Horses first appeared in the Americas around four million years ago, but by about 10，000 years ago, they had mostly disappeared from the record. Spanish settlers likely first brought horses back to the Americas in 1519. According to the new study, indigenous peoples then transported horses north along trade networks.
To find when the animals spread, researchers examined the remains of more than twenty horses discovered across the Western US. Rather than simply walking around the countryside on their own, the horses appear to have been part of native American culture. Signs of teeth problems on one horse and growths on the bones of the head of another suggested people had put bridles (马勒) on the animals. Certain chemical elements in the animals' teeth suggested they ate maize, an indigenous plant. And another horse had a previously broken facial bone that had fully recovered, meaning it might have received medical treatment.
Researchers compared the ancient horses' DNA with that of modern horses and found that the centuries old horses had largely Spanish origins.
Together, the findings suggest horses spread “from Spanish settlements in the American Southwest to the northern Rockies and central Great Plains by the first half of the 17th century.”
The findings also highlight the importance of indigenous oral traditions in understanding history. “Our cultures have been so misunderstood for so long，” says co author Yvette Collin. “Too often history has been told around us, without us.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，是土著居民将马带到了美国西部，这重新改写了美国马的历史。
5．What needs to be updated according to the new study？( )
A．When horses showed up in the Americas.
B．Who introduced horses to North America.
C．When Native Americans first met Europeans.
D．Who spread horses through the American West.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，新的研究表明，是土著居民将马传播到了美国西部。故选D。
6．What did researchers find out about ancient horses from the remains？( )
A．They had hardly any Spanish origins.
B．They were born with tooth disease.
C．They played a role in natives' life.
D．They were badly treated by natives.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“To find ... native American culture.”可知，研究人员通过研究马的遗骸发现了马似乎已经成为美洲原住民文化的一部分，它们被戴上了马勒、吃玉米并可能接受过治疗，由此可推知，马在当地人的生活中发挥着作用。故选C。
7．What does Collin think of oral histories？( )
A．They spread easily.
B．They show the truth.
C．They pass down traditions.
D．They unite indigenous groups.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究结果还强调了土著口述传统在理解历史方面的重要性。Yvette Collin (伊维特·科林)提到历史经常在我们身边被讲述，由此可推知，Collin认为土著口述历史展示了真相。故选B。
8．What is the best title for the text？( )
A．Written texts explain human horse interactions
B．Oral histories help us understand indigenous cultures
C．New research rewrites the history of American horses
D．Archaeological remains are the key to learning about the past
答案：C
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，一项新的研究表明，是土著居民将马带到了美国西部，这重新改写了美国马的历史，C项(新研究改写了美国马的历史)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ 应用文写作
(2024·贵州省黔西南州金成实验学校高一上质量检测)假定你是李华，听闻中国日报(China Daily)为了宣传中国传统文化，正在招募志愿者向海外介绍中国著名历史文化景点(historical and cultural attractions)，你很想参加此次宣传活动，请你就此给报社写一封英文申请信。内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．自荐理由；
3．申请参与。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
Yours,
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a Senior one student. Learning that China Daily is in need of some volunteers to introduce Chinese traditional culture to foreigners, I can't wait to apply to be one.
To begin with, not only am I outgoing, but also I am enthusiastic, which helps me get along well with others. What's more, I have such a good command of English that I can introduce Chinese historical and cultural attractions to the whole world fluently. At last, with my previous experiences of being a volunteer, I hold the firm belief that I am the right person for the job.
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Looking forward to your reply soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
单元写作
单元写作——描述一个美丽或不寻常的地方
本单元的写作任务是描述一个美丽或不寻常的地方，属于地点或景点介绍类文章。写作时要注意：(1)理清与写作主题有关的地理位置、气候、面积、人口等内容；(2)时态通常使用一般现在时；(3)人称以第一人称和第三人称为主；(4)文章的开头部分引出所介绍的内容；(5)正文详细描述该地点或景点的特色；(6)结束语可加上自己的评论。
Have you ever heard ________ (地点) I'd like to tell you what ________ (地点) is like. It is located in ________ (具体位置) and covers ________ (面积). Having many famous tourist attractions, such as ________ (具体景点), it appeals lots of people to visit. ________ (景点特色). And it has ________(历史意义/故事)． In a word, ________ (地点) is well worth a visit.
※开头常用句式
1．With its pleasant climate, rich natural resources and beautiful scenery, ... is one of China's major tourist cities.
气候宜人，自然资源丰富，风景秀丽，……是中国主要的旅游城市之一。
2．It enjoys worldwide fame for its beautiful scenery.
该地因其美丽的风景而蜚声国际。
3．It has become the most popular tourist attraction since ...
自从……以来，它已成为最受欢迎的旅游景点。
※主体段落常用句式
1．Beijing, covering an area of about 16，410 square kilometers, is located in the north of China with a population of about 21，530，000.
北京，占地面积约16，410平方公里，位于中国北方，人口约2，153万。
2．It enjoys warm winters and cool summers and has lots of rainfall throughout the year.
该地冬暖夏凉，全年雨量充沛。
3．It has many places of interest, such as the Elizabeth Tower and Royal Greenwich Observatory.
它有许多名胜古迹，如伊丽莎白塔和皇家格林尼治天文台。
4．Not only is it an ancient city with a long history, but it is a place of cultural significance.
它不仅是一座历史悠久的古城，而且是一个具有文化意义的地方。
5．Its capital is London, which is well－known as the City of Fog.
它的首都是伦敦，是众所周知的雾都。
6．The Great Wall is a must to visit. As the proverb goes, “One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”
长城是必游之地。俗话说：“不到长城非好汉。”
※结尾常用句式
1．A trip to the Palace Museum will enable you to get to know the history of China.
参观故宫博物院能够让你了解中国的历史。
2．The village is worth a return visit.
这个村庄值得再次光顾。
3．If I have a chance, I want to experience the local culture.
如果有机会，我想去体验一下当地的文化。
假定你是李华，你班英语老师要求你们写一篇文章，介绍一处曾游览过的历史古迹，内容包括：
1．历史古迹的名称和地点；
2．游览该古迹的所见所感。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[精彩范文]
Last summer vacation, I took a tour of the Old Town of Lijiang in Yunnan, home to the ancient Dongba culture.
I walked around the town, enjoying the local culture and attractions such as the big water wheels, the classic Naxi dance on Square Street, and the amazing Dongba writing system. “Tian Yu Liu Fang”， which means “Let's read” in the Naxi language, inspires me most as it conveys Naxi people's love and respect for knowledge.
I was fascinated by the Old Town of Lijiang, where nature and human wisdom coexist in harmony with each other.
18(共75张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
单元主题：人与社会——历史与传统
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing &
Assessing Your Progress
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．county n. _______________________________
2．feast n. ________________
3．dot n. ________________ vt. ________________
4．cattle n. ______
5．roar vi.& n. _____________
6．ocean n. ________________
7．scent n. ________________
(英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县
盛宴;宴会;节日
点;小(圆)点
加点;遍布
牛
吼叫;咆哮
大海;海洋
气味;气息
8．pub n. ________________
9．wine n. ________________
10．beer n. ________________
11．stew n. ________________
vt.& vi. __________
酒吧;酒馆
葡萄酒;果酒
(一杯)啤酒
炖菜(有肉和蔬菜)
炖；煨
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．________ vi.& vt. (使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴)；翻滚
2．________ vt. 问候；迎接
3．________ n. 风俗；习俗；习惯
4．________ n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤
roll
greet
custom
crowd
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．________ n. 诗人→________ n. 诗；韵文→________ n. 诗歌
2．________ adj. 感觉的；感官的→________ n. 感觉；感官
3．________ adj. 引人注目的；显著的→________ v. 给(某人以……)印象；撞；打→________ adv. 惊人地；醒目地
4．________ n. 过渡；转变；变迁→__________ adj. (时期)过渡的；过渡性的
5．____________ n. 成就；成绩；达到→________ v. (凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准)；获得成功
poet
poem
poetry
sensory
sense
striking
strike
strikingly
transition
transitional
achievement
achieve
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
stew 熟义：n. ____________________
vt.& vi. _________
生义：vi. 思考；担忧
炖菜（有肉和蔬菜）
炖；煨
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
in ________________ ___________, indicate, influence, infinite, inherit
ency ________________ _________, emergency, tendency, agency, efficiency
or 从事某种职业的人；某地区/地方的人 __________, doctor, competitor, conqueror, inventor
ant 属于……的；具有……性质的 ___________, important, tolerant, assistant, accordant
五、构词法
不，无；向内
individual
行为，状况,性质
currency
ancestor
descendant
自主学习 课文语篇
Ireland's beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions. The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets1. Its beautiful countryside excites and2 inspires all, offering something for each of the senses3. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and4 its many green counties is a true feast for
课文三维剖析
1动名词短语作________
2连接两个并列谓语_______和________
3现在分词短语作_________
4连接两个并列宾语_____ ______________________和_______________________
宾语
BEAUTIFUL IRELAND AND ITS TRADITIONS
美丽的爱尔兰及其传统
excites
inspires
伴随状语
the “Emerald Isle”
its many green counties
5with复合结构作__________，rolling是现在分词作_______，dotted with ... 是过去分词短语作_____________
6连接两个并列主语_________和________
7连接两个祈使句____________ ___________和______________ __________
the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle5. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and6 cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast. On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and7 breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while8 birds greet the new day with their morning song. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that9 Ireland has developed strong traditions that10 include music,
伴随状语
定语
宾语补足语
the roar
cries
feel the sun on your skin
breathe in ... flowers
8引导__________从句
9it是__________， that引导的从句是____________
10引导_______从句，修饰先行词____________
11不定式短语作____________
12引导____________从句
dancing, and dining. To have a chance11 of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew. If12 you're lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first－hand.
时间状语
形式主语
真正的主语
定语
traditions
目的状语
条件状语
一直以来，爱尔兰的美丽乡村对当地的人民和传统产生着深远的影响。爱尔兰有着孕育伟大作家和诗人的悠久传统。美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。海边波浪咆哮，海鸟鸣叫，奏响了海岸交响乐。山里宁静的早晨，感受阳光洒落在你身上，呼吸着鲜花的芬芳，而鸟儿则用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天的到来。这般美景，自然造就了爱尔兰独特的民间传统，如音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等。要想体验这一切，可以去一家乡村酒吧，喝一杯葡萄酒或本地的啤酒，放松身心。更为美妙的是，可品尝美味的爱尔兰传统炖牛肉。运气好的话，你还可以欣赏到传统的音乐和舞蹈。向友善的当地人做个自我介绍，你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。
(一)爱尔兰岛的特点
阅读领悟
its people and traditions
poets
peaceful landscape
strong traditions
(二)请找出和“五感”有关的课文原句
Sight:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing:___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Smell & Touch & Hearing: _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.
On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.
(三)问题链
1．What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring
__________________________________________________
2．What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and culture
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Its beauty and how it offers something for all the senses.
By stopping by a village pub and relaxing with a drink and traditional meal while listening to music and watching dancing./By exploring all different parts of the country and experiencing what the country gives to all the senses.
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
greeting n. 问候；招呼；迎接；致意
greet sb with ... 以……迎接/接待某人
be greeted with/by ... 受到……的迎接/接待
give/send (one's) greetings to sb 向某人问候
1.greet vt. 问候；迎接(教材P44)
（一）高频词
【语境感知】
①Bill opened the door to Harold and greeted him with cries of welcome.
比尔给哈罗德开了门，欢呼着迎接他。(动作描写)
②The winning team was greeted by cheering crowds.
获胜的队伍受到欢呼的人群的欢迎。
③My mother sends her greetings to you all.
我母亲向你们大家问好。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①As we walked into the house, we _____________ (greet) by a wonderful smell of baking.
②The teacher greeted each child ________ a friendly “Hello！”．
③He nodded his head in ________ (greet)．
【学会表达】翻译句子
④他们相互致意后便坐下吃午饭。
______________________________________________
were greeted
with
greeting
They exchanged greetings and sat down to lunch.
It is the custom (for sb) to do sth (某人)做某事是习惯
a local/an ancient custom 当地的/古老的风俗
2.custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯(教材P44)
【语境感知】
①It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously.
他的习惯是谨慎地处理每一个问题。(人物描写)
②The guide offers information on local customs.
导游手册介绍了当地的风俗习惯。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He has tried to adapt to local ________ (custom)．
②It's the custom for the bride's father ________ (pay) for the wedding.
【学会表达】完成句子
③尽管在国外生活了多年，他仍然遵守中国人传统的风俗习惯。
Though having lived abroad for years, ____________________________________ ____________.
customs
to pay
he still follows the traditional customs of Chinese
follow the crowd 随大流
a crowd of/crowds of 一群……/成群的……
crowd around/round (...) 聚集在(……)周围
crowd ... into/onto ... 把……装满(或塞满)……；……使……拥挤
crowd into/onto ... 大批涌入(狭小的空间)
3.crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤(教材P46)
【语境感知】
①He wanted to go unnoticed, to be one of the crowd.
他不想引人注目，只求做个普通百姓。
②We all crowded around the stove to keep warm.
我们都挤在炉子周围取暖。(动作描写)
③One group of journalists were crowded into a minibus.
一群记者挤进一辆小型公共汽车。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She's quite happy to follow ________ crowd.
②Hundreds of people crowded __________ the church for the funeral.
③Police blocked off the road as hotel staff and guests crowded ______________．
【学会表达】完成句子
④我敢和你打赌，他能在一群人中认出她来。
I bet you he can pick her out of ___________________．
the
into/onto
around/round
a crowd of people
【语境感知】
The poet wrote a beautiful poem that showcased his profound understanding of poetry.
这位诗人写了一首优美的诗，展示了他对诗歌的深刻理解。
4.poet n. 诗人→________ n. 诗；韵文→__________ n. 诗歌
（二）拓展词
poem
poetry
【语境感知】
The artist's painting evoked a powerful sensory experience, appealing to my sense of sight and touch.
这位艺术家的画作引发了一种强烈的感官体验，吸引了我的视觉和触觉。
5.sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的→__________ n. 感觉；感官
sense
【语境感知】
The striking painting immediately caught my attention, and the colors struck me as strikingly vibrant.
那幅引人注目的画作立刻吸引了我的注意，而那些颜色在我看来异常鲜艳。
6.striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的→_________ v. 给(某人以……)印象；撞；打→_____________ adv. 惊人地；醒目地
strike
strikingly
【语境感知】
During the transitional period, the company made several smooth transitions to adapt to the new market conditions.
在过渡期间，公司为了适应新的市场条件，顺利进行了几次转型。
7.transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁→____________ adj. (时期)过渡的；过渡性的
transitional
【语境感知】
Besides the achievements ranging from economy to architecture, Mr White achieved one success after another in the AI field.
除了从经济到建筑的成就外，怀特先生还在人工智能领域取得了一个又一个的成功。
8.achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到→__________ v. (凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准)；获得成功
achieve
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Collin admires those who have made great _________________ (achieve) in the scientific fields.
②Since you are an expert in English ________ (poet), I'd like to invite you to give us a speech on that.
③The new candy shop offers a wide range of ________ (sense) experiences, from the colorful displays to the delicious tastes.
④Her eyes are her most ________ (strike) feature.
【学会表达】完成句子
⑤这座城市正在经历重大转型，向着更加环保的方向发展。
The city is undergoing ______________________ as it moves towards becoming more environmentally friendly.
achievements
poetry
sensory
striking
a significant transition
【语境感知】
①The pot of stew on the stove smelled delicious.
炉子上的炖菜闻起来很美味。
②I've been stewing over the problem for a while.
这个问题我已经考虑了一会儿。
9.stew [熟义] n. 炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi. 炖；煨
[生义] vi. _______________
（三）熟词生义
思考；担忧
【学会理解】同义词替换
①There's no point in stewing over things you can't change. ________________
【学会表达】完成句子
②我喜欢把蔬菜和肉一起炖，做出一顿丰盛的餐食。
I like to ________________________________ to make a hearty meal.
worrying 担忧
stew vegetables and meat together
10．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(教材P44)
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
探究二 长难句分析
【分析】 此处运用了with复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾补”，在从句中作伴随状语。
with复合结构的几种形式：
with＋名词/代词＋名词
with＋名词/代词＋形容词
with＋名词/代词＋副词
with＋名词/代词＋介词短语
with＋名词/代词＋现在分词
with＋名词/代词＋过去分词
with＋名词/代词＋动词不定式
【语境感知】
①He kept silent with his face red.
他红着脸沉默着不说话。
②Tom felt lonely with her parents out.
汤姆的父母不在家，他感到很孤单。
③He came out of the library, with a thick book under his arm.
他走出了图书馆，胳膊下夹着一本厚厚的书。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The night is dark, with someone ________ (cry)．
②With my key ________ (lose), I have to look for it.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③由于有太多的家庭作业要做，我不能出去。
__________________________________________
④他头枕着手臂睡着了。
__________________________________________
crying
lost
I can't go out with so much homework to do.
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
对点练习 巩固所学
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义 (___)1.ocean (___)2.feast (___)3.scent (___)4.county (___)5.cattle A．n. 牛 B．n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡 C．n. 大海；海洋 D．n. 气味；气息 E．n. 盛宴；宴会 (___)6.have an influence on ... (___)7.be dotted with ... (___)8.make up (___)9.be likely to do sth (___)10.the sweet scent of ... A．点缀着……
B．很可能做某事
C．对……有影响
D．组成，构成
E．……的芳香
Ⅰ.匹配词义
C
E
D
B
A
C
A
D
B
E
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．________ n. 葡萄酒；果酒
2．________ vi.& n. 吼叫；咆哮
3．________ vi.& vt. (使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴)；翻滚
4．________ vt. 问候；迎接
5．________ n. (一杯)啤酒
6．________ n. 风俗；习俗；习惯
7．________ n. 酒吧；酒馆
8．________ n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤
9．________ n. 诗人
10．________ adj. 感觉的；感官的
wine
roar
roll
greet
beer
custom
pub
crowd
poet
sensory
striking, transition, greet, feast, crowd, custom, sensory, poet
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．After graduating from high school, I made a smooth ________ into college life.
2．The ________ landscape of the Grand Canyon left a lasting impression on me.
3．The ________ experience of the spa treatment was incredibly relaxing.
4．The ________ words painted a vivid picture in my mind.
5．I ________ my friend with a warm hug when I saw him at the party.
6．The ________ cheered loudly as the winning team walked onto the field.
7．In my culture, it's a ________ to exchange gifts during the holiday season.
8．We celebrated our anniversary with a ________ of delicious foods and drinks.
transition
striking
sensory
poet's
greeted
crowd
custom
feast
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．The beautiful ________ (poet) moved me deeply with its heartfelt words.
2．The ________ (break) glass has been thrown outside.
3．The ________ (strike) tall building stands out against the skyline of the city.
4．The manager was satisfied to see many new products ___________ (develop) after great effort.
5．The ________ (sense) experience of the concert was an explosion of sound and color.
6．He greeted all his guests ________ a fixed smile on his face.
7．After the exam, I went through a ___________ (transition) period of relaxation before starting my summer job.
8．It is the custom in that country for women ________ (marry) young.
poem
broken
strikingly
developed
sensory
with
transitional
to marry
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．____________________ (你可能会觉得) anxious and pressured.
2．The art exhibition was ____________________ (视觉盛宴), featuring beautiful paintings from around the world.
3．As we walked through the forest, we ______________________ (呼吸新鲜的空气) and enjoyed the peaceful atmosphere.
You're likely to feel
a feast for the eyes
breathed in the fresh air
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．我当学生时，他的画对我产生过强烈的影响。(have an influence on)
__________________________________________________
2．晚上吃一些蒸土豆或烤土豆不会增加你的体重。(过去分词短语作定语)
________________________________________________________________________________
3．她发现自己被亚洲文化所吸引，于是决定开始学习汉语。(过去分词作宾补)
_________________________________________________________________
His paintings had a strong influence on me as a student.
Eating some steamed potatoes or baked potatoes at night will not increase your weight.
She found herself attracted by Asian culture and decided to start learning Chinese.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·贵州省贵阳市第一中学高一上质量监测)Toilet paper as we know it today is a relatively modern invention that's only been around for about 150 years. It's natural to wonder what was used before modern toilet paper. Toilet paper in its ancient form dates back to China in at least the 6th century. Although paper itself appeared long before that time.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 难度 ★ ★★ ★★★
In ancient times, many kinds of materials (材料) were used instead of toilet paper. For example, sand was used by people who settled near the desert (沙漠); grass was used by people living in the grassland. Some other things known to have been used included: fur, leaves, rocks, snow, and so on. Of course, it wasn't uncommon for people to go to the bathroom in a small river.
They might have used a cloth or their hands to clean themselves afterward. For many people, that might have been preferable to the method used by ancient Romans: a sponge (海绵) on a stick kept in saltwater.
Luckily for us, Joseph Gayetty created the first toilet paper in 1857. His “Gayetty's Medicated Paper” didn't become popular soon, however, since the public was used to using materials they got for free rather than spending money on toilet paper. The rolled toilet paper we're familiar with today appeared in the 1880s. It wasn't necessarily soft like we're now used to, though. Paper production methods would often leave splinters (刺) in toilet paper. It wasn't until 1935 that Northern Tissue said they had made “splinter free” toilet paper.
Other improvements in toilet paper happened over the course of the 20th century. Larger rolls with softer paper became more popular. Today, take a trip to your local supermarket and you will find many different kinds of toilet paper. For such a widely used, necessary invention, it isn't given much thought ... until it runs out!
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了厕纸发明前后的情况。
篇章导读
1．What might decide which material ancient people used after using the bathroom？( )
A．What they did.
B．Where they lived.
C．How old they were.
D．How long they used the bathroom.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example ... in the grassland.”可知，古人就地取材来解决如厕后的清洁问题，即在古代，如厕后用什么材料取决于人们生活在哪里。故选B。
答案
解析
2．Why was Gayetty's Medicated Paper unpopular at first？( )
A．Because the paper had splinters.
B．Because the paper couldn't be shared.
C．Because people didn't want to pay for it.
D．Because people preferred rolled toilet paper.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His ‘Gayetty's Medicated Paper’ ... on toilet paper.”可知，由于人们不习惯花钱买厕纸，所以Gayetty's Medicated Paper一开始并不流行。故选C。
答案
解析
3．How does the text mainly develop？( )
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By telling an interesting story.
D．By following the order of time.
解析：推理判断题。根据文中依次出现的“in at least the 6th century”“In ancient times” “in 1857” “in the 1880s” “until 1935” “the 20th century”和“Today”可推知，本文主要按照时间顺序展开。故选D。
答案
解析
4．What would be the best title for the text？( )
A．A great invention—toilet paper
B．Why was toilet paper invented
C．Toilet paper vs water: which to choose
D．What did people use before toilet paper
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了厕纸的发明史，并指出这是一项广泛使用的、必要的发明。A项(一个伟大的发明——厕纸)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
答案
解析
B
(2024·广东省东莞市东华高级中学高一上月考)The story about horses in North America told in several written histories is in need of an update, according to a new study. After examining archaeological remains (遗骸) of horses, researchers suggest indigenous peoples (土著居民) had spread the animals through the American West by the first half of the 1600s—before they met Europeans.
The findings agree with oral histories from indigenous groups, which tell of interactions (相互作用) with horses before settlers arrived in their homelands. Meanwhile, written European texts from the 1700s and 1800s stated that horses only spread through the area after 1680.
Horses first appeared in the Americas around four million years ago, but by about 10，000 years ago, they had mostly disappeared from the record. Spanish settlers likely first brought horses back to the Americas in 1519. According to the new study, indigenous peoples then transported horses north along trade networks.
To find when the animals spread, researchers examined the remains of more than twenty horses discovered across the Western US. Rather than simply walking around the countryside on their own, the horses appear to have been part of native American culture. Signs of teeth problems on one horse and growths on the bones of the head of another suggested people had put bridles (马勒) on the animals. Certain chemical elements in the animals' teeth suggested they ate maize, an indigenous plant. And another horse had a previously broken facial bone that had fully recovered, meaning it might have received medical treatment.
Researchers compared the ancient horses' DNA with that of modern horses and found that the centuries old horses had largely Spanish origins.
Together, the findings suggest horses spread “from Spanish settlements in the American Southwest to the northern Rockies and central Great Plains by the first half of the 17th century.”
The findings also highlight the importance of indigenous oral traditions in understanding history. “Our cultures have been so misunderstood for so long，” says co author Yvette Collin. “Too often history has been told around us, without us.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，是土著居民将马带到了美国西部，这重新改写了美国马的历史。
篇章导读
5．What needs to be updated according to the new study？( )
A．When horses showed up in the Americas.
B．Who introduced horses to North America.
C．When Native Americans first met Europeans.
D．Who spread horses through the American West.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，新的研究表明，是土著居民将马传播到了美国西部。故选D。
答案
解析
6．What did researchers find out about ancient horses from the remains？( )
A．They had hardly any Spanish origins.
B．They were born with tooth disease.
C．They played a role in natives' life.
D．They were badly treated by natives.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“To find ... native American culture.”可知，研究人员通过研究马的遗骸发现了马似乎已经成为美洲原住民文化的一部分，它们被戴上了马勒、吃玉米并可能接受过治疗，由此可推知，马在当地人的生活中发挥着作用。故选C。
答案
解析
7．What does Collin think of oral histories？( )
A．They spread easily.
B．They show the truth.
C．They pass down traditions.
D．They unite indigenous groups.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究结果还强调了土著口述传统在理解历史方面的重要性。Yvette Collin (伊维特·科林)提到历史经常在我们身边被讲述，由此可推知，Collin认为土著口述历史展示了真相。故选B。
答案
解析
8．What is the best title for the text？( )
A．Written texts explain human horse interactions
B．Oral histories help us understand indigenous cultures
C．New research rewrites the history of American horses
D．Archaeological remains are the key to learning about the past
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，一项新的研究表明，是土著居民将马带到了美国西部，这重新改写了美国马的历史，C项(新研究改写了美国马的历史)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
答案
解析
Ⅱ 应用文写作
(2024·贵州省黔西南州金成实验学校高一上质量检测)假定你是李华，听闻中国日报(China Daily)为了宣传中国传统文化，正在招募志愿者向海外介绍中国著名历史文化景点(historical and cultural attractions)，你很想参加此次宣传活动，请你就此给报社写一封英文申请信。内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．自荐理由；
3．申请参与。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Yours,
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a Senior one student. Learning that China Daily is in need of some volunteers to introduce Chinese traditional culture to foreigners, I can't wait to apply to be one.
To begin with, not only am I outgoing, but also I am enthusiastic, which helps me get along well with others. What's more, I have such a good command of English that I can introduce Chinese historical and cultural attractions to the whole world fluently. At last, with my previous experiences of being a volunteer, I hold the firm belief that I am the right person for the job.
答案
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Looking forward to your reply soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案
本单元的写作任务是描述一个美丽或不寻常的地方，属于地点或景点介绍类文章。写作时要注意：(1)理清与写作主题有关的地理位置、气候、面积、人口等内容；(2)时态通常使用一般现在时；(3)人称以第一人称和第三人称为主；(4)文章的开头部分引出所介绍的内容；(5)正文详细描述该地点或景点的特色；(6)结束语可加上自己的评论。
单元写作
单元写作——描述一个美丽或不寻常的地方
Have you ever heard ________ (地点) I'd like to tell you what ________ (地点) is like.
It is located in ________ (具体位置) and covers ________ (面积). Having many famous tourist attractions, such as ________ (具体景点), it appeals lots of people to visit. ________ (景点特色). And it has ________(历史意义/故事)．
In a word, ________ (地点) is well worth a visit.
※开头常用句式
1．With its pleasant climate, rich natural resources and beautiful scenery, ... is one of China's major tourist cities.
气候宜人，自然资源丰富，风景秀丽，……是中国主要的旅游城市之一。
2．It enjoys worldwide fame for its beautiful scenery.
该地因其美丽的风景而蜚声国际。
3．It has become the most popular tourist attraction since ...
自从……以来，它已成为最受欢迎的旅游景点。
※主体段落常用句式
1．Beijing, covering an area of about 16，410 square kilometers, is located in the north of China with a population of about 21，530，000.
北京，占地面积约16，410平方公里，位于中国北方，人口约2，153万。
2．It enjoys warm winters and cool summers and has lots of rainfall throughout the year.
该地冬暖夏凉，全年雨量充沛。
3．It has many places of interest, such as the Elizabeth Tower and Royal Greenwich Observatory.
它有许多名胜古迹，如伊丽莎白塔和皇家格林尼治天文台。
4．Not only is it an ancient city with a long history, but it is a place of cultural significance.
它不仅是一座历史悠久的古城，而且是一个具有文化意义的地方。
5．Its capital is London, which is well－known as the City of Fog.
它的首都是伦敦，是众所周知的雾都。
6．The Great Wall is a must to visit. As the proverb goes, “One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”
长城是必游之地。俗话说：“不到长城非好汉。”
※结尾常用句式
1．A trip to the Palace Museum will enable you to get to know the history of China.
参观故宫博物院能够让你了解中国的历史。
2．The village is worth a return visit.
这个村庄值得再次光顾。
3．If I have a chance, I want to experience the local culture.
如果有机会，我想去体验一下当地的文化。
假定你是李华，你班英语老师要求你们写一篇文章，介绍一处曾游览过的历史古迹，内容包括：
1．历史古迹的名称和地点；
2．游览该古迹的所见所感。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Last summer vacation, I took a tour of the Old Town of Lijiang in Yunnan, home to the ancient Dongba culture.
I walked around the town, enjoying the local culture and attractions such as the big water wheels, the classic Naxi dance on Square Street, and the amazing Dongba writing system. “Tian Yu Liu Fang”， which means “Let's read” in the Naxi language, inspires me most as it conveys Naxi people's love and respect for knowledge.
I was fascinated by the Old Town of Lijiang, where nature and human wisdom coexist in harmony with each other.
答案
