英语 必修 第二册RJ
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
& Listening and Talking
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
2．landscape n. (陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
3．butter n. 黄油；奶油 vt. 涂黄油于
4．honey n. 蜂蜜
5．ancestor n. 祖宗；祖先
6．courtyard n. 庭院；院子
7．snack n. 点心；小吃
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
2．announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称
3．amount n. 金额；数量
4．approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
5．ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨；大方；宽宏大量→generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地
2．eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv. 热切地；急切地→eagerness n. 渴望；热切
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
position 熟义：n. 位置；姿态；职位
生义：vt. 安装；安置
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1．a__large__number__of 大量的
2．have__one's__eyes__fixed__on 两眼紧盯着
阅读下列句子，写出句中的过去分词(短语)及其所修饰的成分
1．Under the bench, the cleaner found a black plastic bag filled with money.filled__with__money;__bag
2．Hannah Fraser is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.devoted__to__ocean__conservation;__artist
3．In the damaged house, the firefighters saved a lot of injured people.damaged;__house;__injured;__people
4．Didn't you ever look at the messages posted on the bulletin board posted__on__the__bulletin__board;__messages
5．Based on a real story, the movie set in London made a hit. Based__on__a__real__story;__set__in__London;__movie
6．Houses near airports often have their windows broken by the jet planes passing overhead.broken__by__the__jet__planes;__windows
7．To his surprise, he didn't notice the wallet stolen on the train.stolen__on__the__train;__wallet
8．When she came to life, she found herself surrounded by many people.surrounded__by__many__people;__herself
探究一 热词
(一)高频词
1.charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电(教材P42)
in charge of 负责/主管……(强调状态) take charge of 负责/接管……(强调动作和过程) in the charge of＝in one's charge 受……的管理 free of charge 免费 charge (sb/sth) for sth 收(费)；(向……)要价 charge sb sth (for sth) (为某事)向某人收费 charge sb with (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事
【语境感知】
①Under the plan, the government will establish the Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau to be in charge of culture, sports and tourism affairs.
根据该方案，政府将设立文化体育观光局，负责文化、体育及观光事务。
②He took charge of the farm after his father's death.
他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。
③These patients are in the charge of Dr Wilson.
这些病人由威尔逊医生治疗。
④How much/What do you charge for a haircut and blow－dry
理发和吹干要多少钱？
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Your order will be sent free of charge.
②I was put in charge of the office.
③She is charged with murdering her husband.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④你认为老板退休后谁将掌管公司？
Who__do__you__think__will__take__charge__of__the__company__after__the__boss__retires
⑤他向我要了3，000元买手机。
He__charged__me__3，000__yuan__for__buying__a__mobile__phone.
2.announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称(教材P42)
announcement n. (一项)公告，布告，通告；(指行动)宣布，宣告 announce sth to sb＝announce to sb sth 向某人宣布/通知某事 announce (to sb) that ... (向某人)宣布……；通知(某人)…… It is announced that ... 据宣布……(that引导主语从句) make an announcement 发布通告
【语境感知】
①She announced the winner of the competition to the excited audience.
她向兴奋的观众宣布了竞赛的获胜者。
②It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.
据宣布，将有新的限速规定出台。
③The President made an unexpected announcement this morning.
总统今天上午发布了一个出人意料的通告。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Sir Robert made his announcement (announce) after talks with the President.
②The Prime Minister has announced that public spending will be increased next year.
③The government yesterday announced to the media plans to create a million new jobs.
【学会表达】完成句子
④我高兴地宣布，我们提前实现了目标。
I'm__pleased__to__announce__that we have achieved our goal ahead of time.
3.approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近(教材P42)
（an） approach to 接近；……的方法/途径（to是介词） at the approach of ... 在快到……的时候 approach to/toward sth 接近某物 approach sb about ... 就……与某人接洽 with sth approaching 随着某事的临近
【语境感知】
①She hadn't heard his approach and jumped as the door opened.
她没有听见他走近的声音，所以门开时吓了一跳。(动作描写)
②Since our research so far has not produced any answers to this problem，we need to adopt a different approach to it.
因为我们的研究到目前为止还没有找到这个问题的答案，所以我们需要采取不同的方法来解决它。
③Many kinds of birds fly south at the approach of winter.
冬天临近时，许多种类的鸟都飞往南方。
④With the graduation ceremony approaching, the sadness of departure hangs over the whole class.
随着毕业典礼的临近，离愁别绪笼罩着整个班级。(学校生活)
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①When Chappel approached me about the job, my first reaction was of disbelief.
②They made a direct approach to the minister of education.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③随着考试的临近，一些学生变得越来越紧张。
With__the__exam__approaching,__some__students__are__getting__more__and__more__nervous.
(二)拓展词
4.generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨；大方；宽宏大量→generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地
【语境感知】
He generously donated a large amount of money to the charity, displaying his great generosity and kindness.
他慷慨地向慈善机构捐了一大笔钱，展现了他的慷慨和善良。
5.eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv. 热切地；急切地→eagerness n. 渴望；热切
【语境感知】
The students were eager to learn new things and eagerly participated in the classroom activities, showing their eagerness for knowledge.
学生们渴望学习新知识，并积极参与课堂活动，展现了他们对知识的渴望。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Her friends take advantage of her generosity (generous)．
②I couldn't hide my eagerness (eager) to get back home.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③这位老人对需要帮助的人很慷慨。
The__old__man__is__generous__to__the__people__in__need.
④我们热切希望这项计划能早日着手进行。
We__are__eager__that__the__project__(should)__be__started__early.
(三)熟词生义
6.position [熟义] n. 位置；姿态；职位 [生义] vt. 安装；安置
【语境感知】
①After careful consideration, she accepted the job offer and took up her new position as the head of the marketing department.
她在深思熟虑后接受了工作邀请，并担任了市场营销部门负责人的新职位。
②The engineer positioned the new light fixture on the ceiling, installing it securely.
工程师将新的灯具安装在天花板上，并确保它安装牢固。
【学会理解】同义词替换
①She quickly positioned herself behind the desk.fixed__安置
②Where would be the best position for the lights？place__位置
【学会表达】完成句子
③书在书架上的位置是精心挑选的，以便容易取阅，而花瓶被安全地放置在桌子上。
The__books'__position on the shelf was carefully chosen to ensure easy access, and the vase was__positioned__securely on the table.
探究二 过去分词(短语)作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词(短语)：是非谓语动词的一种形式，它既保留了动词的某些特征，又具有形容词和
副词的特征。
语法点1 过去分词(短语)作定语
位置
(1)单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词前
①The ground was covered with fallen leaves.
地上满是落叶。
②People shouldn't be exposed to polluted water.
人们不应该接触被污染的水。
(2)过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词后(作用相当于一个定语从句)
I was instructed to carry out a plan supported by most people.
＝I was instructed to carry out a plan which was supported by most people.
我被要求执行一个受大多数人支持的计划。
(1)有些单个的过去分词，在习惯上往往放在被修饰词的后面。 There is little time left. Let's hurry up. 剩余的时间不多了，我们抓紧吧。 (2)过去分词修饰代词时，应置于被修饰词之后。 He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。 (3)有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。如： This is a used car. 这是一辆二手车。 The method used is very efficient. 使用的这个方法很有效。
意义
(1)不及物动词：只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起的太阳
(2)及物动词：表示被动或完成
an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人
deeply moved people 深受感动的人们
a broken glass 碎了的杯子
the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题
单句语法填空
①You must keep your eyes open for the endangered (endanger) wild animals all the way.
②The chief of an organization or a department is the person put (put) in charge of it.
③This is a book written (write) by a famous Chinese writer.
④He was received as an honoured (honour) guest at the White House.
⑤The expert referred (refer) to in the meeting will give us a lecture next week.
⑥I don't like going to supermarkets located (locate) in the centre of the town.
语法点2 过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或状态，宾语与过去分词(短语)之间为被动关系，即宾语是过去分词(短语)动作的承受者。能够接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语的动词主要有如下两种情况：
使役动词(have/get/ ...)＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)
(1)过去分词(短语)所表示的动作由他人完成，即“让别人做某事”
①I have had my bicycle repaired.
我让人修了我的自行车。
②He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
他昨天把牙拔了。
(2)过去分词(短语)所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历，即“遭遇某种不幸”
①He had his leg broken.
他的腿断了。
②He had his money stolen.
他的钱被偷了。
表示感觉或心理状态的动词(feel/find/...)＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)
这类动词主要有see, watch, observe, look at, hear, find, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
①Now when people refer to Britain you will find Wales included as well.
现在当人们提到英国时，你会发现威尔士也被包括在内。
②I heard the song sung in English.
我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
完成句子
①尽管他英语很差，但在英国却能让人听懂他的话。
Poor as his English was, he made__himself__understood in England.
②他感觉自己被骗了，突然大哭起来。
He__felt__himself__cheated and burst into tears.
③我完成了我需要做的一切，然后洗了车。
I finished everything I needed to do, and then got__the__car__washed．
④当她从国外回来时，她发现城镇发生了很大的变化。
She found__her__town__greatly__changed when she returned from abroad.
⑤我在看书的时候听到有人从后面叫我的名字。
I__heard__my__name__called from behind while I was reading.
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义
(E)1.honey (C)2.landscape (B)3.ancestor (D)4.gallery (A)5.butter A．n. 黄油；奶油 B．n. 祖宗；祖先 C．n. 风景 D．n. 展览馆；画廊 E．n. 蜂蜜 (C)6.a large number of (A)7.have no idea (E)8.be eager to do sth (B)9.have one's eyes fixed on (D)10.service desk A.不知道 B.两眼紧盯着 C.大量的 D.服务台 E.渴望做某事
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
2．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
3．approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
4．eager adj. 热切的；渴望的
5．amount n. 金额；数量
6．position n. 位置；姿态；职位 vt. 安装；安置
7．announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称
8．snack n. 点心；小吃
9．ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保
10．courtyard n. 庭院；院子
Ⅲ.选词填空
landscape, gallery, courtyard, amount, approach, eager, butter, generous
1．The amount of money needed for the project is still unknown.
2．She adopted a different approach to solving the problem.
3．I like to spread butter evenly on my toast.
4．The courtyard of the old temple is filled with beautiful flowers.
5．The landscape of the national park is truly breathtaking.
6．The gallery is exhibiting a collection of paintings.
7．He was generous with his time and helped me with my homework.
8．The children were eager to start their summer vacation.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．The announcement (announce) of the new project excited everyone in the office.
2．The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard (hear)．
3．The children eagerly (eager) awaited the arrival of their grandparents.
4．How can I ever repay you for your generosity (generous)
5．He is in charge of the civilian side of the UN mission.
6．I must have the car repaired (repair) before the boss comes back.
7．With exams approaching (approach), it's a good idea to review your class notes.
8．With everything she needed bought (buy), she left the supermarket.
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．Some of us were confident and eager__to__take__part__in (渴望参加) the class activity.
2．His spirits rose at__the__approach__of__the__holidays (随着假期的临近)．
3．I have__no__idea (不知道) how to solve this math problem.
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．校长宣布学校下周将放假。
The__principal__announced__that__the__school__would__be__closed__for__the__holidays__next__week.
2．小女孩在满是心爱玩具的房间里感到安全。(过去分词短语作定语)
The__little__girl__felt__safe__in__the__room__filled__with__her__favorite__toys.
3．他双眼紧盯着舞台，急切地期待着音乐会的开始。(过去分词短语作宾补)
He__had__his__eyes__fixed__on__the__stage,__eagerly__anticipating__the__start__of__the__concert.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ 完形填空
(2024·浙江省会稽联盟高一下期中)In Europe, men do not usually wear skirts. But the Scottish national costume for men is a kind of skirt. It is called a kilt. The Scottish like to be __1__. They are proud of their country and its __2__ as it is part of the history. That's why the men still wear kilts at old style dances and on national holidays. They believe they are wearing the same clothes as Scottish men always used to wear.
That's what they believe. __3__， kilts are not really so old. Before 1730, Scottish men wore a long shirt and a __4__ around their shoulders. These clothes got __5__ the way when the men started to work in __6__. So, in 1730 a factory owner changed the blanket into a skirt: the kilt. That's how the first kilt was made.
Then, in the late 1700s Scottish soldiers in the __7__ Army began to wear kilts to be different from the English soldiers. The Scottish soldiers __8__ very hard and became famous. The kilt was part of that fame, and in the early 1800s men all round Scotland began to wear kilts.
These kilts had colorful and __9__ stripes (条纹) going up and down and across. In the 1700s and early 1800s, the colour of the stripes had no __10__ meaning. But later the colours became important to the Scottish families. Most families had their own colours for their kilts. __11__， each family just chose the __12__ they liked best.
This is not the __13__ you will hear today if you are in Scotland. Most Scottish people still __14__ that kilts are as old as Scotland and that the colours are also as old as the Scottish families. Sometimes feelings are stronger than __15__！
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苏格兰短褶裙的历史。
1．( )A.unique B．individual
C．classical D．romantic
答案：A
解析：unique独特的；individual个人的；classical经典的； romantic浪漫的。根据上文“In Europe, men do not ... is a kind of skirt.”可知，此处指苏格兰人喜欢与众不同。故选A。
2．( )A.costume B．religion
C．landscape D．currency
答案：A
解析：句意：他们为自己的国家和服装感到骄傲，因为这是历史的一部分。 costume服装；religion宗教；landscape风景；currency货币。根据上文“In Europe, men do not ... is a kind of skirt.”可知，此处指苏格兰男人穿的短裙服装。故选A。
3．( )A.Therefore B．Somehow
C．However D．Obviously
答案：C
解析：句意：然而，短褶裙并没有那么古老。therefore因此；somehow无论如何；however然而；obviously明显地。根据上文“They believe they are wearing the same clothes as Scottish men always used to wear.”和下文“kilts are not really so old”可知，上下文是转折关系。故选C。
4．( )A.cloth B．dress
C．scarf D．blanket
答案：D
解析：cloth布料；dress衣服；scarf围巾；blanket毯子。根据下文“So, in 1730 a factory owner changed the blanket into a skirt”可知，1730年以前，苏格兰男人肩上裹着一条毯子。故选D。
5．( )A.off B．along
C．in D．on
答案：C
解析：根据下文“So, in 1730 a factory owner changed the blanket into a skirt: the kilt.”可知，工厂老板把毯子换成了裙子，应该是以前的衣服碍事了。get in the way意为“妨碍，挡道”。故选C。
6．( )A.studios B．factories
C．fields D．armies
答案：B
解析：studio演播室；factory工厂；field田野；army军队。根据下文“in 1730 a factory owner changed the blanket into a skirt: the kilt”可知，当人们在工厂工作时，穿着长裙很碍事。故选B。
7．( )A.Scottish B．Irish
C．European D．British
答案：D
解析：Scottish苏格兰的；Irish爱尔兰的；European欧洲的；British英国的。根据下文“wear kilts to be different from the English soldiers”可知，此处指在整个英国军队里面，苏格兰士兵穿的和英国士兵不同，这样才能区别开。故选D。
8．( )A.battled B．worked
C．studied D．quarreled
答案：A
解析：句意：苏格兰士兵奋力作战，因而声名鹊起。battle与……作战；work工作；study学习；quarrel争吵。故选A。
9．( )A.virtual B．striking
C．previous D．ordinary
答案：B
解析：virtual虚拟的；striking引人注目的；previous以前的；ordinary普通的。根据下文“going up and down and across”可知，短褶裙上下左右都有条纹，所以很引人注目。故选B。
10．( )A.significant B．inspiring
C．satisfactory D．special
答案：D
解析：significant意义重大的；inspiring令人鼓舞的；satisfactory令人满意的；special特别的。根据下文“But later the colours became important to the Scottish families.”可知，在18世纪和19世纪初，条纹的颜色没有特殊的意义。故选D。
11．( )A.In fact B．In general
C．In addition D．In particular
答案：A
解析：in fact实际上；in general大体上；in addition此外；in particular尤其。根据上文“Most families had their own colours for their kilts.”和下文“each family just chose the __12__ they liked best”可知，此处指事实上，每个家庭都选择了他们最喜欢的颜色。故选A。
12．( )A.stripes B．kilts
C．colors D．styles
答案：C
解析：stripe条纹；kilt短褶裙；color颜色；style风格。根据上文“Most families had their own colours for their kilts.”可知，此处指每个家庭在颜色上的选择。故选C。
13．( )A.story B．news
C．custom D．phenomenon
答案：A
解析：句意：如果你在苏格兰，这不是你今天听到的故事。story故事；news新闻；custom风俗；phenomenon现象。根据上文内容可知，作者为我们讲述了苏格兰短褶裙的故事。故选A。
14．( )A.confirm B．believe
C．ensure D．announce
答案：B
解析：confirm证实；believe相信；ensure确保；announce通知。根据上文“They believe they are wearing the same clothes as Scottish men always used to wear.”可知，苏格兰人相信短褶裙和苏格兰一样古老。故选B。
15．( )A.belief B．reflection
C．reaction D．facts
答案：D
解析：belief信念；reflection反思；reaction反应；fact事实。根据上文可知，苏格兰人对短褶裙有着深厚的情感，故此处指感情比事实更强大。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
(2024·江苏省镇江第一中学高一上月考)
Who Invented Silk
Silk is a thin, yet extremely strong fiber. It is made from protein that silkworms produce when they make their cocoons. Thousands of years ago, ancient Chinese craftsmen began weaving silk fiber into a soft, smooth fabric. A precious textile, silk was at first reserved for exclusive use by the Chinese imperial court. Chinese officials decided that silk making methods must remain China's secret. 1(____)．
The Silky Secret Gets Out
However, the existence of silk did not remain a secret. On diplomatic visits to neighboring rulers, Chinese envoys carried gifts of silk. By the first century BC, the Romans had become familiar with this exotic (异国情调的) luxury item. 2(____). Western rulers issued edicts (法令) that controlled silk prices. As in China, silk was designated a solely royal fabric. Trading for silk was principal motivation for merchants who searched for routes.
From Europe to the Far East
Over the centuries, different main routes developed. 3(____). Tradesmen travelling east or west could choose among routes that crossed many regions of Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Far East. 4(____). Trading vessels carried goods from China and Southeast Asia across Indian Ocean to Africa, India, and the Near East. Sea routes even reached Venice, Italy, by crossing the Mediterranean.
5(____)
The Silk Road played an important role in bringing diverse cultures and peoples into contact. To make successful deals, merchants had to learn the languages and customs of the countries they crossed. As they journeyed along the Silk Road, people shared knowledge about arts, crafts, literature, science, and technologies. Over hundreds of years, cultures, languages, and religions influenced one another. Perhaps Chinese silk influenced history more extensively than any single famous person you can name.
A．How Silk Changed History
B．How Silk Brought People Together
C．It soon grew wildly popular in the West
D．In addition, sailors discovered sea routes
E．Rulers ordered that anyone who revealed these methods to foreigners would be put to death
F．Later they came to be known as “The Silk Road”， but the word “Road” should have been plural
G．But, there were many roads, not just one, and a German geologist named the trade routes “The Silk Road”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了丝绸的发展史和其历史影响。
1．答案：E
解析：根据上文“A precious textile ... China's secret.”可知，中国的官员命令保守制丝方法的秘密。E项(统治者下令，任何向外国人透露这些方法的人都将被处死)承接上文。故选E。
2．答案：C
解析：根据上文“However, the existence ... luxury item.”可知，中国使节会带着丝绸作为礼物。到公元前一世纪，罗马人已经熟悉了这种异国情调的奢侈品。C项(它很快在西方广受欢迎)承接上文。故选C。
3．答案：F
解析：根据上文“Over the centuries, different main routes developed. (几个世纪以来，不同的主要路线发展起来。)”和下文“Tradesmen travelling ... the Far East. (向东或向西旅行的商人可以选择穿越东欧、中东、中亚和远东许多地区的路线。)”可知，F项(后来它们被称为“丝绸之路”，但“路”这个词应该是复数)承上启下。故选F。
4．答案：D
解析：下文“Trading vessels ... the Mediterranean.”提到了海上航线。由此可知，D项(此外，水手们还发现了海上航线)引出下文。故选D。
5．答案：A
解析：根据下文内容可知，本段主要讲述了丝绸对历史的影响，A项(丝绸如何改变历史)能涵盖本段主题，适合作为段落小标题。故选A。
Ⅲ 语法填空
(2024·黑龙江省鸡西市高一上期中)I knew I was not supposed to be quite so excited about Christmas presents. At age eleven, as my mom's “grown up” girl, I had to keep myself cool. But if I had got a chance, I made __1__ most of the chance and checked each present under the Christmas tree.
The company of my family went broke (破产) but we couldn't turn to __2__ (other) for help. It was typically a sad event for us. It was so hard and __3__ (stress) a year for my family. However, our parents suggested that we should live and work __4__ (positive). My parents had to save every cent in case we couldn't afford some necessities. We struggled to make a living during the time. Whenever my mom looked at those presents, she tended __5__ (sigh) and looked quite anxious. I had heard the phrase, “Giving is better than receiving，” but thought anyone __6__ had said that must have been out of their mind. Getting presents was the whole point!
On Christmas morning, we eagerly rushed into the living room and desired to get our favorite presents. It was our special __7__ (prefer). “Here's another one for you, honey，” said Mom. I looked at the package and was confused. It was not mine. It was my mom's. It was amazing __8__ I found a new label (标签) had been put on it, with my name __9__ (write) in my mother's handwriting. I said, “Mom, I can't ... ” I was stopped by my mother's joyful look. It was a hair dryer. She offered the gift to me rather than keep it to herself.
Now, as an adult with children in my life, I can understand my mom's real thought. I see now she was not “giving up her Christmas gift” as I had thought, but was finding an even greater joy because giving truly is better than receiving. __10__ summary, my mom's simple act has a deep effect on me.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读： 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的家庭经济困难，但母亲依然把自己的圣诞礼物给了作者。作者从中体会到：给予比接受更好。
1．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。make the most of意为“充分利用”，为固定搭配。故填the。
2．答案：others
解析：考查代词。句意：我家的公司破产了，但我们不能向别人求助。此处应用代词作宾语，且为复数意义，应用others。故填others。
3．答案：stressful
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词stressful作表语，表示“压力大的”。故填stressful。
4．答案：positively
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词positively作状语，修饰动词短语live and work。故填positively。
5．答案：to sigh
解析：考查非谓语动词。固定搭配tend to do sth意为“往往/倾向于做某事”。故填to sigh。
6．答案：who/that
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为anyone，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导。故填who/that。
7．答案：preference
解析：考查词性转换。形容词special后应用名词作宾语，根据It可知，此处应用名词单数。故填preference。
8．答案：that
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。句中It为形式主语，设空处引导的从句为真正的主语，从句不缺成分，意义完整，应用that引导。故填that。
9．答案：written
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构，动词write与宾语my name为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填written。
10．答案：In
解析：考查介词。句意：总之，我妈妈的简单行为对我影响很深。固定搭配in summary意为“总之”；且句首单词首字母应大写。故填In。
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A young girl named Lily had always dreamed of going on a world tour. She had read countless books about far off lands and different cultures, and she longed to experience them for herself.
One day, Lily made up her mind to take the challenge and set out on an exciting journey. She carried a big backpack with all the necessaries of life and set off into the unknown.
Her first stop was a famous city, where she was attracted at once by the lively colors and sounds of the streets. She walked slowly around the markets, tasting new foods and chatting with the vendors (商贩). As she continued on her journey, Lily came across all sorts of interesting people and places. She met a wise old man who taught her the art of keeping calm, and a group of musicians who invited her to join their team.
But not everything was easy on her travels. Lily faced challenges and difficulties along the way, from getting lost in a foreign city to running out of money. But she kept going because it was what she enjoyed, always keeping her heart open to new experiences.
On the last leg of the tour, Lily found herself in a small village which was located (位于) in the forested mountains. The air was fresh and clean, and the mountain view was breathtaking. She decided to stay for a while, helping out the locals and learning about their way of life.
It was there that she met a kind hearted girl named Cathy, who also dreamed of traveling just like her. Together, they explored the nearby wilderness, climbing mountains and fishing in rivers.
But as much as Lily loved her travels, she began to want to go home. She missed her family and friends back home, and she longed for the familiar (熟悉) comforts of her own bed.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
So Lily said goodbye to Cathy and set off on the journey back home. Lily shared the interesting stories with her loved ones upon returning home.
5R解读故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
Lily, Cathy
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
Although Lily enjoyed her world tour, she missed her family and friends at home, and longed__for the familiar comforts of her own bed.
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
Her first stop was a famous city, where she was__attracted at once by the lively colors and sounds of the streets. But as much as Lily loved her travels, she began to want__to__go__home.
5．Read for theme (主题)
There is no place better than your sweet__home in the world.
4步确定框架
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
She__was__thankful__for__every__moment__of__her__journey__and__the__friendship__between__Cathy__and__her.
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
In__the__days__to__follow,__she__came__across__many__interesting__things__and__many__helpful__persons.
Step 3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
Lily felt relaxed and didn't rush to her home.
In the following days, she was happy to meet funny things and kind people.
第二段：
She was excited to told her family what had happened and she was grateful__for her beloved friend Cathy and everything she experienced.
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
On the way, Lily noticed a small bird in a nearby tree was flying__around__the__nest,__from which Lily could tell something was wrong. She neared the bird and saw what had happened. She found that on the ground near the tree lay a baby bird. She picked__up the bird and put__it__in__the__nest. Then she continued to head in the direction of her home.
第二段：
They listened closely as she told them what she had experienced and the stories of her friend Cathy. They enjoyed__the__gifts she had brought back with her. Lily was__happy__to__be__back in the familiar surroundings of her hometown, but she valued the__memories__of__her__travel,__which had changed her in ways she could never have imagined.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Lily (莉莉)想要周游世界。她在旅途中认识了各种各样的人，大家相处很融洽。但是随着时间的流逝，Lily开始思念家人，在回家的途中，她遇到了什么事情？这段旅程给Lily带来哪些感受呢？
[精彩范文]
So Lily said goodbye to Cathy and set off on the journey back home. On the way, Lily noticed a small bird in a nearby tree was flying around the nest, from which Lily could tell something was wrong. She neared the bird and saw what had happened. She found that on the ground near the tree lay a baby bird. She picked up the bird and put it in the nest. Then she continued to head in the direction of her home. In the days to follow, she came across many interesting things and many helpful persons.
Lily shared the interesting stories with her loved ones upon returning home. They listened closely as she told them what she had experienced and the stories of her friend Cathy. They enjoyed the gifts she had brought back with her. Lily was happy to be back in the familiar surroundings of her hometown, but she valued the memories of her travel, which had changed her in ways she could never have imagined. She was thankful for every moment of her journey and the friendship between Cathy and her.
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1. 2. 3.
22(共85张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
单元主题：人与社会——历史与传统
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．gallery n. ________________________
2．landscape n. _______________________
3．butter n. ____________
vt. ____________
4．honey n.__________
5．ancestor n. ________________
6．courtyard n. ________________
7．snack n. ________________
(艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊
(陆上,尤指乡村的)风景
黄油;奶油
涂黄油于
蜂蜜
祖宗;祖先
庭院;院子
点心;小吃
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．________ n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
2．________ vt. 宣布；通知；声称
3．________ n. 金额；数量
4．________ n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
5．________ vt. 保证；确保；担保
charge
announce
amount
approach
ensure
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．________ adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→___________ n. 慷慨；大方；宽宏大量→___________ adv. 慷慨地；大方地
2．______ adj. 热切的；渴望的→________ adv. 热切地；急切地→________ n. 渴望；热切
generous
generosity
generously
eager
eagerly
eagerness
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
position 熟义：n. ________________
生义：vt. 安装；安置
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1．________________ 大量的
2．______________________ 两眼紧盯着
位置；姿态；职位
a large number of
have one's eyes fixed on
自主学习 课时语法
阅读下列句子，写出句中的过去分词(短语)及其所修饰的成分
1．Under the bench, the cleaner found a black plastic bag filled with money. ______________________
2．Hannah Fraser is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.__________________________________
3．In the damaged house, the firefighters saved a lot of injured people.______________________________
4．Didn't you ever look at the messages posted on the bulletin board ____________________________________
filled with money; bag
devoted to ocean conservation; artist
damaged; house; injured; people
posted on the bulletin board; messages
5．Based on a real story, the movie set in London made a hit. _________________
____________________________
6．Houses near airports often have their windows broken by the jet planes passing overhead._________________________________
7．To his surprise, he didn't notice the wallet stolen on the train.________________ ______________
8．When she came to life, she found herself surrounded by many people. ___________________________________
Based on a real story; set in London; movie
broken by the jet planes; windows
stolen on the train; wallet
surrounded by many people; herself
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
in charge of 负责/主管……(强调状态)
take charge of 负责/接管……(强调动作和过程)
in the charge of＝in one's charge 受……的管理
free of charge 免费
charge (sb/sth) for sth 收(费)；(向……)要价
charge sb sth (for sth) (为某事)向某人收费
charge sb with (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事
1.charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电(教材P42)
（一）高频词
【语境感知】
①Under the plan, the government will establish the Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau to be in charge of culture, sports and tourism affairs.
根据该方案，政府将设立文化体育观光局，负责文化、体育及观光事务。
②He took charge of the farm after his father's death.
他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。
③These patients are in the charge of Dr Wilson.
这些病人由威尔逊医生治疗。
④How much/What do you charge for a haircut and blow－dry
理发和吹干要多少钱？
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Your order will be sent free ________ charge.
②I was put ________ charge of the office.
③She is charged ________ murdering her husband.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④你认为老板退休后谁将掌管公司？
_______________________________________________________________
⑤他向我要了3，000元买手机。
________________________________________________
of
in
with
Who do you think will take charge of the company after the boss retires
He charged me 3,000 yuan for buying a mobile phone.
announcement n. (一项)公告，布告，通告；(指行动)宣布，宣告
announce sth to sb＝announce to sb sth 向某人宣布/通知某事
announce (to sb) that ... (向某人)宣布……；通知(某人)……
It is announced that ... 据宣布……(that引导主语从句)
make an announcement 发布通告
2.announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称(教材P42)
【语境感知】
①She announced the winner of the competition to the excited audience.
她向兴奋的观众宣布了竞赛的获胜者。
②It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.
据宣布，将有新的限速规定出台。
③The President made an unexpected announcement this morning.
总统今天上午发布了一个出人意料的通告。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Sir Robert made his ______________ (announce) after talks with the President.
②The Prime Minister has announced ________ public spending will be increased next year.
③The government yesterday announced ______ the media plans to create a million new jobs.
【学会表达】完成句子
④我高兴地宣布，我们提前实现了目标。
____________________________ we have achieved our goal ahead of time.
announcement
that
to
I'm pleased to announce that
（an） approach to 接近；……的方法/途径（to是介词）
at the approach of ... 在快到……的时候
approach to/toward sth 接近某物
approach sb about ... 就……与某人接洽
with sth approaching 随着某事的临近
3.approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近(教材P42)
【语境感知】
①She hadn't heard his approach and jumped as the door opened.
她没有听见他走近的声音，所以门开时吓了一跳。(动作描写)
②Since our research so far has not produced any answers to this problem，we need to adopt a different approach to it.
因为我们的研究到目前为止还没有找到这个问题的答案，所以我们需要采取不同的方法来解决它。
③Many kinds of birds fly south at the approach of winter.
冬天临近时，许多种类的鸟都飞往南方。
④With the graduation ceremony approaching, the sadness of departure hangs over the whole class.
随着毕业典礼的临近，离愁别绪笼罩着整个班级。(学校生活)
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①When Chappel approached me ________ the job, my first reaction was of disbelief.
②They made a direct approach ______ the minister of education.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③随着考试的临近，一些学生变得越来越紧张。
____________________________________________________________________
about
to
With the exam approaching, some students are getting more and more nervous.
4.generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→__________ n. 慷慨；大方；宽宏大量→____________ adv. 慷慨地；大方地
（二）拓展词
【语境感知】
He generously donated a large amount of money to the charity, displaying his great generosity and kindness.
他慷慨地向慈善机构捐了一大笔钱，展现了他的慷慨和善良。
generosity
generously
5.eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→___________ adv. 热切地；急切地→__________ n. 渴望；热切
【语境感知】
The students were eager to learn new things and eagerly participated in the classroom activities, showing their eagerness for knowledge.
学生们渴望学习新知识，并积极参与课堂活动，展现了他们对知识的渴望。
eagerly
eagerness
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Her friends take advantage of her ___________ (generous)．
②I couldn't hide my ____________ (eager) to get back home.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③这位老人对需要帮助的人很慷慨。
_________________________________________
④我们热切希望这项计划能早日着手进行。
________________________________________________
generosity
eagerness
The old man is generous to the people in need.
We are eager that the project (should) be started early.
6.position [熟义] n. 位置；姿态；职位
[生义] vt. ______________
（三）熟词生义
安装；安置
【语境感知】
①After careful consideration, she accepted the job offer and took up her new position as the head of the marketing department.
她在深思熟虑后接受了工作邀请，并担任了市场营销部门负责人的新职位。
②The engineer positioned the new light fixture on the ceiling, installing it securely.
工程师将新的灯具安装在天花板上，并确保它安装牢固。
【学会理解】同义词替换
①She quickly positioned herself behind the desk.________________
②Where would be the best position for the lights？________________
【学会表达】完成句子
③书在书架上的位置是精心挑选的，以便容易取阅，而花瓶被安全地放置在桌子上。
___________________ on the shelf was carefully chosen to ensure easy access, and the vase ______________________ on the table.
fixed 安置
place 位置
The books' position
was positioned securely
探究二 过去分词(短语)作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词(短语)：是非谓语动词的一种形式，它既保留了动词的某些特征，又具有形容词和副词的特征。
位置
(1)单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词前
①The ground was covered with fallen leaves.
地上满是落叶。
②People shouldn't be exposed to polluted water.
人们不应该接触被污染的水。
语法点1 过去分词(短语)作定语
(2)过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词后(作用相当于一个定语从句)
I was instructed to carry out a plan supported by most people.
＝I was instructed to carry out a plan which was supported by most people.
我被要求执行一个受大多数人支持的计划。
(1)有些单个的过去分词，在习惯上往往放在被修饰词的后面。
There is little time left. Let's hurry up.
剩余的时间不多了，我们抓紧吧。
(2)过去分词修饰代词时，应置于被修饰词之后。
He is one of those invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
(3)有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。如：
This is a used car.
这是一辆二手车。
The method used is very efficient.
使用的这个方法很有效。
意义
(1)不及物动词：只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起的太阳
(2)及物动词：表示被动或完成
an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人
deeply moved people 深受感动的人们
a broken glass 碎了的杯子
the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题
单句语法填空
①You must keep your eyes open for the ____________ (endanger) wild animals all the way.
②The chief of an organization or a department is the person ________ (put) in charge of it.
③This is a book ________ (write) by a famous Chinese writer.
④He was received as an ___________ (honour) guest at the White House.
⑤The expert ________ (refer) to in the meeting will give us a lecture next week.
⑥I don't like going to supermarkets ________ (locate) in the centre of the town.
endangered
put
written
honoured
referred
located
过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或状态，宾语与过去分词(短语)之间为被动关系，即宾语是过去分词(短语)动作的承受者。能够接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语的动词主要有如下两种情况：
使役动词(have/get/ ...)＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)
(1)过去分词(短语)所表示的动作由他人完成，即“让别人做某事”
①I have had my bicycle repaired.
我让人修了我的自行车。
②He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
他昨天把牙拔了。
语法点2 过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
(2)过去分词(短语)所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历，即“遭遇某种不幸”
①He had his leg broken.
他的腿断了。
②He had his money stolen.
他的钱被偷了。
表示感觉或心理状态的动词(feel/find/...)＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)
这类动词主要有see, watch, observe, look at, hear, find, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
①Now when people refer to Britain you will find Wales included as well.
现在当人们提到英国时，你会发现威尔士也被包括在内。
②I heard the song sung in English.
我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
完成句子
①尽管他英语很差，但在英国却能让人听懂他的话。
Poor as his English was, he ________________________ in England.
②他感觉自己被骗了，突然大哭起来。
____________________ and burst into tears.
③我完成了我需要做的一切，然后洗了车。
I finished everything I needed to do, and then ____________________．
④当她从国外回来时，她发现城镇发生了很大的变化。
She ______________________________ when she returned from abroad.
⑤我在看书的时候听到有人从后面叫我的名字。
________________________ from behind while I was reading.
made himself understood
He felt himself cheated
got the car washed
found her town greatly changed
I heard my name called
对点练习 巩固所学
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义 (___)1.honey (___)2.landscape (___)3.ancestor (___)4.gallery (___)5.butter A．n. 黄油；奶油 B．n. 祖宗；祖先 C．n. 风景 D．n. 展览馆；画廊 E．n. 蜂蜜 (___)6.a large number of (___)7.have no idea (___)8.be eager to do sth (___)9.have one's eyes fixed on (___)10.service desk A.不知道
B.两眼紧盯着
C.大量的
D.服务台
E.渴望做某事
Ⅰ.匹配词义
E
C
B
D
A
C
A
E
B
D
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．________ n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
2．________ adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
3．________ n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
4．________ adj. 热切的；渴望的
5．________ n. 金额；数量
6．________ n. 位置；姿态；职位 vt. 安装；安置
7．__________ vt. 宣布；通知；声称
8．________ n. 点心；小吃
9．________ vt. 保证；确保；担保
10．___________ n. 庭院；院子
charge
generous
approach
eager
amount
position
announce
snack
ensure
courtyard
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The ________ of money needed for the project is still unknown.
2．She adopted a different __________ to solving the problem.
3．I like to spread ________ evenly on my toast.
4．The __________ of the old temple is filled with beautiful flowers.
5．The __________ of the national park is truly breathtaking.
6．The ________ is exhibiting a collection of paintings.
7．He was ________ with his time and helped me with my homework.
8．The children were ________ to start their summer vacation.
amount
approach
landscape, gallery, courtyard, amount, approach, eager, butter, generous
butter
courtyard
landscape
gallery
generous
eager
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．The ____________ (announce) of the new project excited everyone in the office.
2．The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ________ (hear)．
3．The children ________ (eager) awaited the arrival of their grandparents.
4．How can I ever repay you for your ____________ (generous)
5．He is in charge ________ the civilian side of the UN mission.
6．I must have the car __________ (repair) before the boss comes back.
7．With exams ___________ (approach), it's a good idea to review your class notes.
8．With everything she needed ________ (buy), she left the supermarket.
announcement
heard
eagerly
generosity
of
repaired
approaching
bought
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．Some of us were confident and ___________________ (渴望参加) the class activity.
2．His spirits rose ____________________________ (随着假期的临近)．
3．I ________________ (不知道) how to solve this math problem.
eager to take part in
at the approach of the holidays
have no idea
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．校长宣布学校下周将放假。
____________________________________________________________________
2．小女孩在满是心爱玩具的房间里感到安全。(过去分词短语作定语)
_______________________________________________________
3．他双眼紧盯着舞台，急切地期待着音乐会的开始。(过去分词短语作宾补)
___________________________________________________________________
The principal announced that the school would be closed for the holidays next week.
The little girl felt safe in the room filled with her favorite toys.
He had his eyes fixed on the stage, eagerly anticipating the start of the concert.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
Ⅰ 完形填空
(2024·浙江省会稽联盟高一下期中)In Europe, men do not usually wear skirts. But the Scottish national costume for men is a kind of skirt. It is called a kilt. The Scottish like to be __1__. They are proud of their country and its __2__ as it is part of the history. That's why the men still wear kilts at old style dances and on national holidays. They believe they are wearing the same clothes as Scottish men always used to wear.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
That's what they believe. __3__， kilts are not really so old. Before 1730, Scottish men wore a long shirt and a __4__ around their shoulders. These clothes got __5__ the way when the men started to work in __6__. So, in 1730 a factory owner changed the blanket into a skirt: the kilt. That's how the first kilt was made.
Then, in the late 1700s Scottish soldiers in the __7__ Army began to wear kilts to be different from the English soldiers. The Scottish soldiers __8__ very hard and became famous. The kilt was part of that fame, and in the early 1800s men all round Scotland began to wear kilts.
These kilts had colorful and __9__ stripes (条纹) going up and down and across. In the 1700s and early 1800s, the colour of the stripes had no __10__ meaning. But later the colours became important to the Scottish families. Most families had their own colours for their kilts. __11__， each family just chose the __12__ they liked best.
This is not the __13__ you will hear today if you are in Scotland. Most Scottish people still __14__ that kilts are as old as Scotland and that the colours are also as old as the Scottish families. Sometimes feelings are stronger than __15__！
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苏格兰短褶裙的历史。
篇章导读
1．( )A.unique B．individual
C．classical D．romantic
2．( )A.costume B．religion
C．landscape D．currency
解析：unique独特的；individual个人的；classical经典的； romantic浪漫的。根据上文“In Europe, men do not ... is a kind of skirt.”可知，此处指苏格兰人喜欢与众不同。故选A。
答案
解析
解析：句意：他们为自己的国家和服装感到骄傲，因为这是历史的一部分。 costume服装；religion宗教；landscape风景；currency货币。根据上文“In Europe, men do not ... is a kind of skirt.”可知，此处指苏格兰男人穿的短裙服装。故选A。
3．( )A.Therefore B．Somehow
C．However D．Obviously
4．( )A.cloth B．dress
C．scarf D．blanket
解析：句意：然而，短褶裙并没有那么古老。therefore因此；somehow无论如何；however然而；obviously明显地。根据上文“They believe they are wearing the same clothes as Scottish men always used to wear.”和下文“kilts are not really so old”可知，上下文是转折关系。故选C。
答案
解析
解析：cloth布料；dress衣服；scarf围巾；blanket毯子。根据下文“So, in 1730 a factory owner changed the blanket into a skirt”可知，1730年以前，苏格兰男人肩上裹着一条毯子。故选D。
5．( )A.off B．along
C．in D．on
6．( )A.studios B．factories
C．fields D．armies
解析：根据下文“So, in 1730 a factory owner changed the blanket into a skirt: the kilt.”可知，工厂老板把毯子换成了裙子，应该是以前的衣服碍事了。get in the way意为“妨碍，挡道”。故选C。
答案
解析
解析： studio演播室；factory工厂；field田野；army军队。根据下文“in 1730 a factory owner changed the blanket into a skirt: the kilt”可知，当人们在工厂工作时，穿着长裙很碍事。故选B。
7．( )A.Scottish B．Irish
C．European D．British
8．( )A.battled B．worked
C．studied D．quarreled
解析：Scottish苏格兰的；Irish爱尔兰的；European欧洲的；British英国的。根据下文“wear kilts to be different from the English soldiers”可知，此处指在整个英国军队里面，苏格兰士兵穿的和英国士兵不同，这样才能区别开。故选D。
答案
解析
解析：句意：苏格兰士兵奋力作战，因而声名鹊起。battle与……作战；work工作；study学习；quarrel争吵。故选A。
9．( )A.virtual B．striking
C．previous D．ordinary
10．( )A.significant B．inspiring
C．satisfactory D．special
解析： virtual虚拟的；striking引人注目的；previous以前的；ordinary普通的。根据下文“going up and down and across”可知，短褶裙上下左右都有条纹，所以很引人注目。故选B。
答案
解析
解析：significant意义重大的；inspiring令人鼓舞的；satisfactory令人满意的；special特别的。根据下文“But later the colours became important to the Scottish families.”可知，在18世纪和19世纪初，条纹的颜色没有特殊的意义。故选D。
11．( )A.In fact B．In general
C．In addition D．In particular
12．( )A.stripes B．kilts
C．colors D．styles
解析：in fact实际上；in general大体上；in addition此外；in particular尤其。根据上文“Most families had their own colours for their kilts.”和下文“each family just chose the __12__ they liked best”可知，此处指事实上，每个家庭都选择了他们最喜欢的颜色。故选A。
答案
解析
解析：stripe条纹；kilt短褶裙；color颜色；style风格。根据上文“Most families had their own colours for their kilts.”可知，此处指每个家庭在颜色上的选择。故选C。
13．( )A.story B．news
C．custom D．phenomenon
14．( )A.confirm B．believe
C．ensure D．announce
解析：句意：如果你在苏格兰，这不是你今天听到的故事。story故事；news新闻；custom风俗；phenomenon现象。根据上文内容可知，作者为我们讲述了苏格兰短褶裙的故事。故选A。
答案
解析
解析： confirm证实；believe相信；ensure确保；announce通知。根据上文“They believe they are wearing the same clothes as Scottish men always used to wear.”可知，苏格兰人相信短褶裙和苏格兰一样古老。故选B。
15．( )A.belief B．reflection
C．reaction D．facts
解析：belief信念；reflection反思；reaction反应；fact事实。根据上文可知，苏格兰人对短褶裙有着深厚的情感，故此处指感情比事实更强大。故选D。
答案
解析
Ⅱ 七选五
(2024·江苏省镇江第一中学高一上月考)
Who Invented Silk
Silk is a thin, yet extremely strong fiber. It is made from protein that silkworms produce when they make their cocoons. Thousands of years ago, ancient Chinese craftsmen began weaving silk fiber into a soft, smooth fabric. A precious textile, silk was at first reserved for exclusive use by the Chinese imperial court. Chinese officials decided that silk making methods must remain China's secret. 1(____)．
The Silky Secret Gets Out
However, the existence of silk did not remain a secret. On diplomatic visits to neighboring rulers, Chinese envoys carried gifts of silk. By the first century BC, the Romans had become familiar with this exotic (异国情调的) luxury item. 2(____). Western rulers issued edicts (法令) that controlled silk prices. As in China, silk was designated a solely royal fabric. Trading for silk was principal motivation for merchants who searched for routes.
From Europe to the Far East
Over the centuries, different main routes developed. 3(____). Tradesmen travelling east or west could choose among routes that crossed many regions of Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Far East. 4(____). Trading vessels carried goods from China and Southeast Asia across Indian Ocean to Africa, India, and the Near East. Sea routes even reached Venice, Italy, by crossing the Mediterranean.
5(____)
The Silk Road played an important role in bringing diverse cultures and peoples into contact. To make successful deals, merchants had to learn the languages and customs of the countries they crossed. As they journeyed along the Silk Road, people shared knowledge about arts, crafts, literature, science, and technologies. Over hundreds of years, cultures, languages, and religions influenced one another. Perhaps Chinese silk influenced history more extensively than any single famous person you can name.
A．How Silk Changed History
B．How Silk Brought People Together
C．It soon grew wildly popular in the West
D．In addition, sailors discovered sea routes
E．Rulers ordered that anyone who revealed these methods to foreigners would be put to death
F．Later they came to be known as “The Silk Road”， but the word “Road” should have been plural
G．But, there were many roads, not just one, and a German geologist named the trade routes “The Silk Road”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了丝绸的发展史和其历史影响。
篇章导读
1．答案：E
解析：根据上文“A precious textile ... China's secret.”可知，中国的官员命令保守制丝方法的秘密。E项(统治者下令，任何向外国人透露这些方法的人都将被处死)承接上文。故选E。
答案
解析
2．答案：C
解析：根据上文“However, the existence ... luxury item.”可知，中国使节会带着丝绸作为礼物。到公元前一世纪，罗马人已经熟悉了这种异国情调的奢侈品。C项(它很快在西方广受欢迎)承接上文。故选C。
3．答案：F
解析：根据上文“Over the centuries, different main routes developed. (几个世纪以来，不同的主要路线发展起来。)”和下文“Tradesmen travelling ... the Far East. (向东或向西旅行的商人可以选择穿越东欧、中东、中亚和远东许多地区的路线。)”可知，F项(后来它们被称为“丝绸之路”，但“路”这个词应该是复数)承上启下。故选F。
答案
解析
4．答案：D
解析：下文“Trading vessels ... the Mediterranean.”提到了海上航线。由此可知，D项(此外，水手们还发现了海上航线)引出下文。故选D。
答案
解析
5．答案：A
解析：根据下文内容可知，本段主要讲述了丝绸对历史的影响，A项(丝绸如何改变历史)能涵盖本段主题，适合作为段落小标题。故选A。
Ⅲ 语法填空
(2024·黑龙江省鸡西市高一上期中)I knew I was not supposed to be quite so excited about Christmas presents. At age eleven, as my mom's “grown up” girl, I had to keep myself cool. But if I had got a chance, I made __1__ most of the chance and checked each present under the Christmas tree.
The company of my family went broke (破产) but we couldn't turn to __2__ (other) for help. It was typically a sad event for us. It was so hard and __3__ (stress) a year for my family. However, our parents suggested that we should live and work __4__ (positive). My parents had to save every cent in case we couldn't afford some necessities. We struggled to make a living during the time. Whenever my mom looked at those presents, she tended __5__ (sigh) and looked quite anxious. I had heard the phrase, “Giving is better than receiving，” but thought anyone __6__ had said that must have been out of their mind. Getting presents was the whole point!
On Christmas morning, we eagerly rushed into the living room and desired to get our favorite presents. It was our special __7__ (prefer). “Here's another one for you, honey，” said Mom. I looked at the package and was confused. It was not mine. It was my mom's. It was amazing __8__ I found a new label (标签) had been put on it, with my name __9__ (write) in my mother's handwriting. I said, “Mom, I can't ... ” I was stopped by my mother's joyful look. It was a hair dryer. She offered the gift to me rather than keep it to herself.
Now, as an adult with children in my life, I can understand my mom's real thought. I see now she was not “giving up her Christmas gift” as I had thought, but was finding an even greater joy because giving truly is better than receiving. __10__ summary, my mom's simple act has a deep effect on me.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的家庭经济困难，但母亲依然把自己的圣诞礼物给了作者。作者从中体会到：给予比接受更好。
篇章导读
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
1．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。make the most of意为“充分利用”，为固定搭配。故填the。
答案
解析
2．答案：others
解析：考查代词。句意：我家的公司破产了，但我们不能向别人求助。此处应用代词作宾语，且为复数意义，应用others。故填others。
3．答案：stressful
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词stressful作表语，表示“压力大的”。故填stressful。
答案
解析
4．答案：positively
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词positively作状语，修饰动词短语live and work。故填positively。
5．答案：to sigh
解析：考查非谓语动词。固定搭配tend to do sth意为“往往/倾向于做某事”。故填to sigh。
答案
解析
6．答案：who/that
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为anyone，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导。故填who/that。
7．答案：preference
解析：考查词性转换。形容词special后应用名词作宾语，根据It可知，此处应用名词单数。故填preference。
答案
解析
8．答案：that
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。句中It为形式主语，设空处引导的从句为真正的主语，从句不缺成分，意义完整，应用that引导。故填that。
9．答案：written
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构，动词write与宾语my name为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填written。
答案
解析
10．答案：In
解析：考查介词。句意：总之，我妈妈的简单行为对我影响很深。固定搭配in summary意为“总之”；且句首单词首字母应大写。故填In。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A young girl named Lily had always dreamed of going on a world tour. She had read countless books about far off lands and different cultures, and she longed to experience them for herself.
One day, Lily made up her mind to take the challenge and set out on an exciting journey. She carried a big backpack with all the necessaries of life and set off into the unknown.
读后续写
Her first stop was a famous city, where she was attracted at once by the lively colors and sounds of the streets. She walked slowly around the markets, tasting new foods and chatting with the vendors (商贩). As she continued on her journey, Lily came across all sorts of interesting people and places. She met a wise old man who taught her the art of keeping calm, and a group of musicians who invited her to join their team.
But not everything was easy on her travels. Lily faced challenges and difficulties along the way, from getting lost in a foreign city to running out of money. But she kept going because it was what she enjoyed, always keeping her heart open to new experiences.
On the last leg of the tour, Lily found herself in a small village which was located (位于) in the forested mountains. The air was fresh and clean, and the mountain view was breathtaking. She decided to stay for a while, helping out the locals and learning about their way of life.
It was there that she met a kind hearted girl named Cathy, who also dreamed of traveling just like her. Together, they explored the nearby wilderness, climbing mountains and fishing in rivers.
But as much as Lily loved her travels, she began to want to go home. She missed her family and friends back home, and she longed for the familiar (熟悉) comforts of her own bed.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
So Lily said goodbye to Cathy and set off on the journey back home. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Lily shared the interesting stories with her loved ones upon returning home. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
5R解读故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
Lily, __________
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
Although Lily enjoyed her world tour, she ________ her family and friends at home, and _____________ the familiar comforts of her own bed.
Cathy
missed
longed for
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
Her first stop was a famous city, where she ________________ at once by the lively colors and sounds of the streets. But as much as Lily ________ her travels, she began to _________________.
5．Read for theme (主题)
There is no place better than your _____________ in the world.
was attracted
loved
want to go home
sweet home
4步确定框架
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
She was thankful for every moment of her journey and the friendship between Cathy and her.
In the days to follow, she came across many interesting things and many helpful persons.
Step3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
Lily felt ________ and didn't rush to her home.
In the following days, she was ________ to meet funny things and kind people.
第二段：
She was ________ to told her family what had happened and she was ____________ her beloved friend Cathy and everything she experienced.
relaxed
happy
excited
grateful for
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
On the way, Lily noticed a small bird in a nearby tree was ___________________， from which Lily could tell something was wrong. She neared the bird and saw what had happened. She found that on the ground near the tree lay a baby bird. She ____________ the bird and ________________. Then she continued to head in the direction of her home.
flying around the nest
picked up
put it in the nest
第二段：
They listened closely as she told them what she had experienced and the stories of her friend Cathy. They ______________________ she had brought back with her. Lily _____________________ in the familiar surroundings of her hometown, but she valued ________________________， which had changed her in ways she could never have imagined.
enjoyed the gifts
was happy to be back
the memories of her travel
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Lily (莉莉)想要周游世界。她在旅途中认识了各种各样的人，大家相处很融洽。但是随着时间的流逝，Lily开始思念家人，在回家的途中，她遇到了什么事情？这段旅程给Lily带来哪些感受呢？
写前导读
答案
[精彩范文]
So Lily said goodbye to Cathy and set off on the journey back home. On the way, Lily noticed a small bird in a nearby tree was flying around the nest, from which Lily could tell something was wrong. She neared the bird and saw what had happened. She found that on the ground near the tree lay a baby bird. She picked up the bird and put it in the nest. Then she continued to head in the direction of her home. In the days to follow, she came across many interesting things and many helpful persons.
答案
Lily shared the interesting stories with her loved ones upon returning home. They listened closely as she told them what she had experienced and the stories of her friend Cathy. They enjoyed the gifts she had brought back with her. Lily was happy to be back in the familiar surroundings of her hometown, but she valued the memories of her travel, which had changed her in ways she could never have imagined. She was thankful for every moment of her journey and the friendship between Cathy and her.
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1.
2.
3.
