英语 必修 第二册RJ
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．Confucius n. 孔子
2．mansion n. 公馆；宅第
3．cemetery n. 墓地；公墓
4．heel n. 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙
2．individual adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
philosophy n. 哲学→philosopher n. 哲学家
四、核心短语：写出英语表达
Achilles'__heel (喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
连读的发音规则 一般来说，相邻的两个单词属于同一意群时，前一个单词末尾的某些音素和后一个单词词首的某些音素，可连起来读。连读在语言交际中比较常见。正确、自然地连读是语言流畅性的重要体现。
一、几种常见的连读情况
1．辅音＋元音：相邻的两词中，前一个词以辅音结尾，后一个词以元音开头时，一般将辅音和元音连起来读。如：
2．r/re＋元音：前一个词以 r或 re结尾，后一个词以元音开头，此时r或re要发/r/音，并与其后的元音连读。如：
3．元音＋元音：前一个单词以/I/或/i /结尾，后一个单词以元音开头时，添加/j/后连读；前一个单词以/ /或/u /结尾，后一个单词以元音开头，添加/w/后连读。如：
【温馨提示】
连读规则是与意义紧密联系的，即连读的前提条件是相邻的两个词需属于同一个意群，否则不能连读。
二、根据上述连读规则，朗读下面的小诗，体会诗中的语音连读
三、话题悦读
Most people all over the world travel by road. In a city in Italy, however, waterways make up the primary commuting routes. The city of Venice is best known for its canals. Unfortunately, this beautiful city of flat－bottomed boats (Gondolas), and churches is sinking and sinking fast.
Known as the “Queen of the Adriatic”， Venice is situated on more than one hundred islands formed by canals between the mouths of the Po and Piave Rivers. And even the bits of firm ground have rather boggy foundations and all these are slowly getting eroded (腐蚀).
The existing groundwater table and the global climate changes that have raised sea levels by several inches, are proving its disaster for the city. As sea ice melts and water levels rise, floods in Venice are getting from bad to worse. And buildings are already feeling the impact of this phenomenon, with their foundations literally being shaken. Take one of the most famous landmarks of Venice for example, the St. Mark's Basilica, now leans slightly to the left.
Experts warn that the city may sink an additional eight inches in the next 50 years. Many scared residents have already started to move to drier regions in Italy's mainland. To deal with the flood threat, a group of Venetians, called the New Venice Consortium, has come up with “Project Moses”—a dam project named after the biblical figure, Moses. The idea is to place underwater gates at different points where the Adriatic Sea enters the lagoon (环礁湖). When the water is low, the gates will remain open and as the water rises, the gates will close, preventing the seawater from flooding Venice.
读后请用自己的话概述上面语篇的内容。
Venice__is__facing__the__danger__of__sinking__under__water__on__account__of__the__rise__of__sea__water.__The__foundations__of__the__buildings__are__not__solid__and__some__famous__buildings__begin__to__slope.__Many__residents__have__already__started__to__move__to__drier__regions__because__the__city__may__sink__an__extra__eight__inches.__Some__Venetians__have__thought__of__ways,__among__which__is__“Project__Moses”．__
探究一 热词
高频词
1.descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙(教材P38)
descend v. 下降；下去；降临 a descendant of ……的子孙/后代/衍生物 be descended from sb 是某人的后裔 descend into sth 逐渐陷入 descend on/upon (突然)大批来访 descend to sth 降低身份去做；竟做出；堕落到……地步
【语境感知】
He claimed to be descended from a Spanish prince, but in later years, he descended to the level of personal insults. Under his government, the country was descending into chaos. Later on, invaders from overseas descended on the capital city, and soon, the country fell apart.
他声称是一位西班牙王子的后裔，但后来竟卑鄙到进行人身侮辱的地步。在他的统治下，这个国家陷入一片混乱。再后来，海外侵略者涌入都城，很快，这个国家就分崩离析了。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Many of them are descendants (descend) of the original settlers.
②Black Americans are__descended (descend) from West African people.
【学会表达】完成句子
③每年夏天都有数以千计的游客涌入这个城镇。
Thousands of visitors descend__on/upon__the__town each summer.
2.individual adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人(教材P39)
individually adv. 单独地；个别地 individual character 个性；个性人物 individual resume 个人简介；个人简历 individual account 个人账户 each individual 每个个体
【语境感知】
①They wait for the group to decide rather than making individual decisions.
他们等待集体决定，而不是单独作出决定。
②The competition is open to both teams and individuals.
团队和个人均可参加比赛。
③The children will first sing individually and then together as a group.
孩子们首先将单独演唱，然后再一起合唱。
④What is the scope of application of individual account
个人账户的适用范围是什么？
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Like many creative individuals (individual), she can be very bad－tempered.
②The hotel has 100 individually (individual) designed bedrooms.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③树上的每一片叶子都是不同的。
Each__individual__leaf__on__the__tree__is__different.
探究二 长难句分析
3．As one of Confucius' descendants, Xiao Kong's name is recorded in the family tree.(教材P38) 作为孔子的后代之一，小孔的名字被记载在家谱上。
【分析】 as在此处用作介词，意为“作为”。此外，as还可以作连词引导从句。 as作为连词引导从句的用法： 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时，随着……” 引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……方式” 引导原因状语从句，意为“由于，因为” 引导比较状语从句，意为“和……一样”，多用于as ... as ... 或not so/as ... as ... 结构，前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词；它所引导的比较状语从句多使用省略形式 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句通常用倒装语序(把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面)，单数可数名词提前时应省略冠词 引导非限制性定语从句，从句可放在句首或句末，也可放在主句中间，意为“正如……，正像……”
【语境感知】
①It is surveyed that 50 percent of the patients do not take medicine as they are directed.
据调查，50%的病人没有遵照指示服药。
②She may need some help as she's new.
她是新来的，可能需要一些帮助。
③Secondly, hardworking and well－prepared as I am, I still lack confidence.
其次，尽管我既努力又做好了充分准备，但我仍然缺乏信心。(求助信)
④As the forecast predicted, the weather was horrible for the whole weekend.
正如天气预报所预测的那样，整个周末天气都很糟糕。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He has worked as a diplomat in the US, Sudan and Saudi Arabia.
②The result was not so good as I had expected.
【学会表达】完成句子
③正如我在电话中所解释的，下次会议将考虑你的要求。
As__I__explained__on__the__phone,__your request will be considered at the next meeting.
④由于天色已晚，我决定到一家旅馆办理住宿手续。
As__it__was__getting__late,__I decided to book into a hotel.
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义
(A)1.philosophy (E)2.mansion (C)3.descendant (B)4.Confucius (D)5.cemetery A．n. 哲学 B．n. 孔子 C．n. 后裔；后代；子孙 D．n. 墓地；公墓 E．n. 公馆；宅第 (C)6.Achilles' heel (A)7.Kong Family Mansion (E)8.lead to (D)9.a research project (B)10.hold on A.孔府 B.坚持 C.致命的弱点 D.研究项目 E.通向；导致
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．Confucius n. 孔子
2．favourite adj. 最喜欢的 n. 特别喜爱的人(或事物)
3．mansion n. 公馆；宅第
4．risk n. 风险；危险；危险人物(事物) vt. 冒……的风险(或危险)
5．cemetery n. 墓地；公墓
6．philosophy n. 哲学
7．heap n. 一堆；大量；老爷车 vt. 堆积(东西)；对(某人)大加赞扬(或批评等)
8．descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙
9．individual adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人
10．heel n. 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
Ⅲ.选词填空
philosopher, descend, individual, understanding, record, loss, force, similar
1．Over 120 species of birds have__been__recorded in this National Park in the last ten years.
2．Adam Smith was not only a master of economy, but also an outstanding philosopher．
3．We have had a successful year, both collectively and individually.
4．The pressure of city life forced him to move to the country.
5．Eventually, the ship was out of sight as the sun descended toward the horizon.
6．It is said that the stadium suffered serious loss in the flood last week.
7．Your coat is similar to mine, but they differ in quality.
8．She decided to take extra math classes to improve her understanding of the subject and boost her grades.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．The path descended steeply into the valley.
2．We try to treat our students as individuals (individual)．
3．The days are gone (go) when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
4．As the students walked along the lake, they sang happily.
5．Live now, pay later—that's my philosophy (philosopher) of life!
6．What are you going to spend your winnings (win) on
7．When she opened the door she was greeted by a scene of confusion (confuse).
8．The carpet of leaves in my yard became more and more noticeable (notice).
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．Are you for real, or are you just pulling__my__leg (逗我玩)
2．I feel__like__a__fish__out__of__water (感到不自在) at the party because I know no one.
3．I'm trying to eat healthily, but chocolate is my Achilles'__heel (致命的弱点)．
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。(宾语从句)
I__think__that__you__should__turn__to__the__teacher__for__help.
2．由于那天是公共假日，所有的商店都关门了。(as引导的状语从句)
As__it__was__a__public__holiday,__all__the__shops__were__shut.
3．莉莉的爸爸正在自学汉语。(现在进行时)
Lily's__father__is__learning__Chinese__by__himself.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·吉林省延边州高一上期末)A visit to one of the New Seven Wonders of the World can be one of the most exciting and unforgettable vacations you and your family can take. For a quick introduction of the Wonders, this text presents only four of the historic sites.
Giza Necropolis of Egypt
Located about 12 miles from Cairo, Giza Necropolis features (以……为特色) the Great Pyramid and the Great Sphinx of Giza and is about over 4，500 years old. It is easy to take public transportation from Cairo but families should consider booking a personal guide or group trip from a tour operator such as Go Travel Egypt or Viator.
The Great Wall of China
With a history dating back to 476 BCE, the Great Wall stretches (绵延) 13，170 miles across China. The most famous and most visited section of the Great Wall is Badaling. A number of tour operators can be found in Beijing, with recommendations including Viator, The Great Wall Hiking and Discover Beijing Tours. Admission (门票费) to Badaling is just 45 Chinese Yuan(about $7.50) but a guided tour from Beijing starts at around $75.
Petra of Jordan
Rediscovered in 1812, Petra was the fourth century BCE capital of the Nabataean empire. Known for its intricate (错综复杂的) carvings into a sandstone mountain, Petra was a business center, located between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea. Tours to the Lost City can be arranged in Israel or from Anman, the capital and largest city of Jordan 150 miles to the north.
Colosseum of Italy
Located in the ancient center of Rome, the Colosseum started to be built in 72 CE and was finished in 80 CE. Till today, the Colosseum is still the largest amphitheater (圆形竞技场) in the world. Guided tours are easy to find from a number of operators but tickets for self guided tours can be bought on site for 12 euro.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个历史遗址。
1．What can Viator probably do for tourists？( )
A．Lend money to them.
B．Offer wonderful partners.
C．Arrange their work schedules.
D．Provide tour service.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Giza Necropolis of Egypt部分中的“It is easy ... Go Travel Egypt or Viator.(从开罗乘坐公共交通工具很方便，但家庭应该考虑向Go Travel Egypt或Viator等旅行社预订私人导游或团体旅行。)”可知，Viator是一家旅行社，可以为游客提供旅游服务。故选D。
2．Which of the following has the shortest history？( )
A．Petra of Jordan.
B．Colosseum of Italy.
C．The Great Wall of China.
D．Giza Necropolis of Egypt.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Giza Necropolis of Egypt部分中的“Located about 12 miles ... over 4，500 years old.”、The Great Wall of China部分中的“With a history ... across China.”、Petra of Jordan部分中的“Rediscovered in 1812 ... Nabataean empire.”以及Colosseum of Italy部分中的“Located in the ... finished in 80 CE.”可知，这四个历史遗址中历史最短的是意大利古罗马斗兽场。故选B。
3．What can we know about the four New Wonders of the World？( )
A．They are new sites.
B．They attract only young people.
C．They provide guides.
D．They feature ancient civilisation.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。通读全文可知，这四个历史遗址都以古代文明为特色。故选D。
B
(2024·福建南平市高级中学高一上阶段练习)Spain is a country that lies in southwestern Europe. It's surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the south and the east, while to the north and northeast of Spain lie France, Andorra and the Bay of Biscay. The west and northwest of Spain are surrounded by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
The official name of the state is the Kingdom of Spain. Madrid is the capital city, which is also one of the famous places in Spain. Spain, which covers 505，925 square kilometres, is one of the largest countries in Europe.
The weather in Spain differs from one area to another. Most of the rain that happens in Spain is in the mountainous areas. The plains hardly receive any rainfall.
Soccer is an important part of life in Spain. It's said that Spanish children learn to walk and play soccer at exactly the same time. Real Madrid and FC Barcelona are two Spanish soccer teams, which are respected by soccer fans not only in Spain, but all over the world. The popularity of the sport can be judged from the fact that three major soccer teams, which are Real Madrid, Atletico de Madrid, and Rayo Vallecano, were born in Madrid.
If you are a tourist, then you will want to know about the driving rules in Spain. If you're not from the European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, or Liechtenstein, then for you to drive you'll have to carry your international driver's license. Bad news if you haven't celebrated your 18th birthday. If you want to rent a car, then you must have completed 21 years of age. If you're driving, make sure you take all the documents at all times during your stay in Spain.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西班牙的地理位置、首都、面积、气候以及足球文化，同时还详细说明了游客在西班牙驾车的注意事项，包括需要携带的证件和年龄限制等。
4．Paragraph 1 is mainly about ________．( )
A．the history of Spain
B．the location of Spain
C．famous cities in Spain
D．neighbouring countries of Spain
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段“Spain is a country ... the Atlantic Ocean.”可知，第一段主要介绍了西班牙的地理位置。故选B。
5．What is the best example showing that soccer is popular in Spain？( )
A．Three major soccer teams were born in Madrid.
B．Spanish people enjoy watching soccer matches.
C．Spanish people play soccer when they are walking.
D．Spanish soccer teams have fans all over the world.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The popularity of ... were born in Madrid.”可知，足球在西班牙很受欢迎的最好的例子是在马德里诞生了三支主要的足球队。故选A。
6．Who is allowed to rent a car in Spain？( )
A．Tom who is 17 years old.
B．Jenny who is 19 years old.
C．Mike who is 20 years old.
D．Bruce who is 22 years old.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If you want ... during your stay in Spain.”可知，在西班牙租车需要年满21岁，由此可推知，22岁的Bruce (布鲁斯)可以在西班牙租车。故选D。
7．The purpose of the passage is to ________．( )
A．explain how to enjoy life in Spain
B．prove Spain is a beautiful country
C．make readers know more about Spain
D．attract more people to pay a visit to Spain
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。文章第一、二段介绍了西班牙的地理位置和国土信息，第三段介绍了西班牙的气候，第四段介绍了西班牙的足球文化，第五段介绍了西班牙的一些旅游信息。所以本文的目的是让读者更多地了解西班牙。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
(2024·江苏省盐城市高一上月考)In ancient times, people tracked the seasons by following the lunar months. Many times, the names of the moons were related with what features the seasons had. 1(____) It is a special name with a history dating back to Native American tribes (部落). The name is also thought to have a Celtic origin, brought over to North America by European settlers.
Regardless of where the name Wolf Moon comes from, wolves howl (嚎叫) to communicate over long distances both in North America and in Europe. It is a way of saying “here I am” to the rest of the pack or “stay away” to enemies. 2(____) As the late summer moves towards fall, wolves call more and more to neighbors and enemies.
3(____) However, howls by a pack can last from 30 to 120 seconds, and longer during the breeding (繁殖) season. As a result, wolves are particularly loud in the first month of the year. 4(____)
Science has not shown that the Moon phase (月相) plays any particular part in the calls of wolves, but wolves are animals that are in general more active at night. 5(____) They point their faces toward the sky because projecting their howls upward carries the sound farther.
A．They are energetic in January.
B．Wolves howl in the direction of the Moon.
C．In spring and early summer, wolves howl to seek mates.
D．An average howl from a single wolf lasts from 3 to 7 seconds.
E．That is probably why people related January with howling wolves.
F．It doesn't quite fit in with the traditional Full Moon naming system.
G．January's Full Moon in North America is known as the Wolf Moon.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一月的满月在北美被称为狼月的由来及狼嚎的意义。
1．答案：G
解析：下文“It is a special name ... by European settlers.”介绍了一个名字的由来。G项(一月的满月在北美被称为狼月。)引出下文。故选G。
2．答案：C
解析：下文“As the late summer moves towards fall, wolves call more and more to neighbors and enemies.”说明随着季节的变化，狼嚎的意义也会不同。C项(在春天和初夏，狼会嚎叫寻找配偶。)引出下文。故选C。
3．答案：D
解析：下文“However, howls by a pack ... the breeding (繁殖) season.”说明群狼嚎叫可以持续很长时间。D项(一只狼的嚎叫平均持续3到7秒。)引出下文，与下文构成转折关系。故选D。
4．答案：E
解析：上文“As a result, wolves are particularly loud in the first month of the year.”提到狼在一年的头一个月的嚎叫声特别大。E项(这可能就是为什么人们把一月份和嚎叫的狼联系在一起。)承接上文，与上文构成因果关系。故选E。
5．答案：B
解析：上文“Science has not shown ... more active at night.”提到，科学并没有表明月相对狼叫有什么特殊影响，但通常狼在晚上更活跃。B项(狼朝月亮的方向嚎叫。)承接上文。故选B。
精深阅读
(2024·重庆市实验外国语学校高一下月考)English history is vast, from its rule under the Romans to the rise, heights and fall of the British Empire. When choosing a book to recommend on my country's history, I wanted something that could summarize this sweeping history but didn't get stuck in the details of things that hold me back from completely engaging with this truly rich history. Then, I found Dominic Haynes' A Brief History of England.
The book is a tour through the whole of English history, from its earliest people to the movement of settlers from Europe. It looks at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, Elizabeth Ⅰ's ruling and the lasting impact of Shakespeare. Then it touches on the English Civil Wars and the shift of rule from kings and queens to the parliament (议会) running the country and the establishment of the political parties. It also covers the Napoleonic Wars and the world wars and even considers England's post－Brexit (脱欧后的) present and future.
This really is quite the sweeping book. However, it's very short. This means it's easy to navigate and get a hold of a huge amount of history, but it also means it's very light on the details. At times, this can be upset, as there are parts where it feels like just another paragraph or page would really elevate this book. But for an introduction to English history or perhaps a reminder or refresher, it's great and particularly useful as it is likely to fill in some gaps in your knowledge.
Furthermore, because of the pace of the book, there's not a boring moment. It's a real page－turner,__covering the succession (交替) of kings and queens, wars, and changes in the social order of the country at home and the country's influence across the world.
One reviewer on Amazon described the book as “a small masterpiece”， and said. “This is a great book for anyone who wants to get a crash course in English history or for those who want a quick reference to that subject.”
So, jump in, dear readers, and get a hold of what made England what it was, what it went on to be, and where it may stand in our global future.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《英国简史》这本书的内容及作者的阅读感受。
1．What is the main focus of Dominic Haynes' A Brief History of England
A．Detailed exploration of England's political parties.
B．In－depth analysis of England's post－Brexit policies.
C．An introduction to the British Empire's rise and fall.
D．A brief overview of England's historical shifts and events.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The book is ... present and future.”可知，《英国简史》这本书简要概述了英格兰的历史变迁和事件。故选D。
2．What is a weakness mentioned of the reviewer regarding the book
A．Its pace is slow and upset.
B．It dives too deeply into political issues.
C．There's a shortage of information on wars.
D．It lacks detailed information due to its shortness.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, it's very short ... elevate this book.”可知，这本书的缺点是由于篇幅短，缺乏详细的信息。故选D。
3．Which of following can best explain the underlined word “page－turner”？
A．A book that is exciting to read.
B．A book that is complicated.
C．A book that is easy to understand.
D．A book that has lots of pages to turn.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“Furthermore, because of ... a boring moment.”可知，这本书没有无聊的时刻，由此可推知，画线词表示引人入胜的书，与A项(一本读起来令人兴奋的书。)意思相近。故选A。
4．What is the main purpose of this text
A．To call on people to know the UK's history.
B．To recommend a book of the UK's history.
C．To suggest ways to know the UK's history.
D．To comment on the politics of the UK's history.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“English history is vast ... A Brief History of England.”及最后一段“So, jump in ... our global future.”可推知，作者写本文是为了推荐一本关于英国历史的书。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．vast adj. 辽阔的；巨大的；庞大的
2．height n. 高度；极端；高潮
3．recommend vt. 推荐；建议
4．summarize v. 总结；概述；概括
5．gap n. 缝隙；差距；缺口
(二)高频短语
6．hold sb back from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
7．impact__of__...__ ……的影响
8．describe__...__as__...__ 把……描述为……
9．jump in 不假思索地去做某事
10．get__a__hold__of 抓住(某物)；领会(某要点)
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．Sky diving never appeals to me because I am afraid of heights (high)．
12．Peter was able to scare away the bear with a sudden movement (move)．
13．The establishment (establish) of the committee is greatly significant to the protection of the world cultural heritage.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．Likewise, China's influence also spread across other countries.影响
15．Beijing is a diverse and dynamic city, not to mention that it's the political and cultural centre of our country.政治的
16．The painting is a masterpiece in the truest sense of the world.杰作
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
impact， last， run
17．We have the expertise to help you manage your business. run
18．This program helps bring continuous learning in your enterprise. lasting
19．It is impossible to calculate what influence he had on her life. impact
(六)长难句分析
20．When choosing a book to recommend on my country's history, I wanted something that could summarize this sweeping history but didn't get stuck in the details of things that hold me back from completely engaging with this truly rich history.
句意：当选择一本关于我国历史的书来推荐时，我希望它能总结这段浩繁的历史，但又不拘泥于细节，以免阻碍我完全了解这段真正丰富的历史。
分析：主干是 I__wanted__something；when＋现在分词短语作时间状语；两个that分别引导两个定语从句，but连接其所在定语从句中的两个并列谓语动词could__summarize和didn't__get__stuck。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．Do your thoughts inspire you, or hold__you__back__from (阻止你成为……) your best self
22．The specific impact__of (……的影响) the greenhouse effect is unknowable.
(八)仿写句子
23．This means it's easy to navigate and get a hold of a huge amount of history, but it also means it's very light on the details. (it作形式主语)
仿写：年轻人给老人让座是有礼貌的。
It__is__good__manners__for__the__young__to__give__their__seats__to__the__old.
17(共69张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
单元主题：人与社会——历史与传统
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 助力听说
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．Confucius n. __________
2．mansion n. ________________
3．cemetery n. ________________
4．heel n. ______________________________
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．___________ n. 后裔；后代；子孙
2．___________ adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人
孔子
公馆;宅第
墓地;公墓
足跟;(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
descendant
individual
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
___________ n. 哲学→____________ n. 哲学家
四、核心短语：写出英语表达
________________ (喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
philosophy
philosopher
Achilles' heel
自主学习 助力听说
连读的发音规则 一般来说，相邻的两个单词属于同一意群时，前一个单词末尾的某些音素和后一个单词词首的某些音素，可连起来读。连读在语言交际中比较常见。正确、自然地连读是语言流畅性的重要体现。
一、几种常见的连读情况
1．辅音＋元音：相邻的两词中，前一个词以辅音结尾，后一个词以元音开头时，一般将辅音和元音连起来读。如：
2．r/re＋元音：前一个词以 r或 re结尾，后一个词以元音开头，此时r或re要发/r/音，并与其后的元音连读。如：
3．元音＋元音：前一个单词以/I/或/i /结尾，后一个单词以元音开头时，添加/j/后连读；前一个单词以/ /或/u /结尾，后一个单词以元音开头，添加/w/后连读。如：
【温馨提示】
连读规则是与意义紧密联系的，即连读的前提条件是相邻的两个词需属于同一个意群，否则不能连读。
二、根据上述连读规则，朗读下面的小诗，体会诗中的语音连读
三、话题悦读
Most people all over the world travel by road. In a city in Italy, however, waterways make up the primary commuting routes. The city of Venice is best known for its canals. Unfortunately, this beautiful city of flat－bottomed boats (Gondolas), and churches is sinking and sinking fast.
Known as the “Queen of the Adriatic”， Venice is situated on more than one hundred islands formed by canals between the mouths of the Po and Piave Rivers. And even the bits of firm ground have rather boggy foundations and all these are slowly getting eroded (腐蚀).
The existing groundwater table and the global climate changes that have raised sea levels by several inches, are proving its disaster for the city. As sea ice melts and water levels rise, floods in Venice are getting from bad to worse. And buildings are already feeling the impact of this phenomenon, with their foundations literally being shaken. Take one of the most famous landmarks of Venice for example, the St. Mark's Basilica, now leans slightly to the left.
Experts warn that the city may sink an additional eight inches in the next 50 years. Many scared residents have already started to move to drier regions in Italy's mainland. To deal with the flood threat, a group of Venetians, called the New Venice Consortium, has come up with “Project Moses”—a dam project named after the biblical figure, Moses. The idea is to place underwater gates at different points where the Adriatic Sea enters the lagoon (环礁湖). When the water is low, the gates will remain open and as the water rises, the gates will close, preventing the seawater from flooding Venice.
读后请用自己的话概述上面语篇的内容。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Venice is facing the danger of sinking under water on account of the rise of sea water. The foundations of the buildings are not solid and some famous buildings begin to slope. Many residents have already started to move to drier regions because the city may sink an extra eight inches. Some Venetians have thought of ways, among which is “Project Moses”.
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
descend v. 下降；下去；降临
a descendant of ……的子孙/后代/衍生物
be descended from sb 是某人的后裔
descend into sth 逐渐陷入
descend on/upon (突然)大批来访
descend to sth 降低身份去做；竟做出；堕落到……地步
1.descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙(教材P38)
高频词
【语境感知】
He claimed to be descended from a Spanish prince, but in later years, he descended to the level of personal insults. Under his government, the country was descending into chaos. Later on, invaders from overseas descended on the capital city, and soon, the country fell apart.
他声称是一位西班牙王子的后裔，但后来竟卑鄙到进行人身侮辱的地步。在他的统治下，这个国家陷入一片混乱。再后来，海外侵略者涌入都城，很快，这个国家就分崩离析了。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Many of them are ______________ (descend) of the original settlers.
②Black Americans _______________ (descend) from West African people.
【学会表达】完成句子
③每年夏天都有数以千计的游客涌入这个城镇。
Thousands of visitors ________________________ each summer.
descendants
are descended
descend on/upon the town
individually adv. 单独地；个别地
individual character 个性；个性人物
individual resume 个人简介；个人简历
individual account 个人账户
each individual 每个个体
2.individual adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人(教材P39)
【语境感知】
①They wait for the group to decide rather than making individual decisions.
他们等待集体决定，而不是单独作出决定。
②The competition is open to both teams and individuals.
团队和个人均可参加比赛。
③The children will first sing individually and then together as a group.
孩子们首先将单独演唱，然后再一起合唱。
④What is the scope of application of individual account
个人账户的适用范围是什么？
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Like many creative ____________ (individual), she can be very bad-tempered.
②The hotel has 100 _____________ (individual) designed bedrooms.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③树上的每一片叶子都是不同的。
________________________________________
individuals
individually
Each individual leaf on the tree is different.
【分析】 as在此处用作介词，意为“作为”。此外，as还可以作连词引导 从句。
as作为连词引导从句的用法：
引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时，随着……”
引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……方式”
引导原因状语从句，意为“由于，因为”
3．As one of Confucius' descendants, Xiao Kong's name is recorded in the family tree.(教材P38)
作为孔子的后代之一，小孔的名字被记载在家谱上。
探究二 长难句分析
引导比较状语从句，意为“和……一样”，多用于as ... as ... 或not so/as ... as ... 结构，前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词；它所引导的比较状语从句多使用省略 形式
引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句通常用倒装语序(把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面)，单数可数名词提前时应省略冠词
引导非限制性定语从句，从句可放在句首或句末，也可放在主句中间，意为“正如……，正像……”
【语境感知】
①It is surveyed that 50 percent of the patients do not take medicine as they are directed.
据调查，50%的病人没有遵照指示服药。
②She may need some help as she's new.
她是新来的，可能需要一些帮助。
③Secondly, hardworking and well－prepared as I am, I still lack confidence.
其次，尽管我既努力又做好了充分准备，但我仍然缺乏信心。(求助信)
④As the forecast predicted, the weather was horrible for the whole weekend.
正如天气预报所预测的那样，整个周末天气都很糟糕。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He has worked ________ a diplomat in the US, Sudan and Saudi Arabia.
②The result was not so good ________ I had expected.
【学会表达】完成句子
③正如我在电话中所解释的，下次会议将考虑你的要求。
________________________， your request will be considered at the next meeting.
④由于天色已晚，我决定到一家旅馆办理住宿手续。
____________________， I decided to book into a hotel.
as
as
As I explained on the phone
As it was getting late
对点练习 巩固所学
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义 (____)1.philosophy (____)2.mansion (____)3.descendant (____)4.Confucius (____)5.cemetery A．n. 哲学 B．n. 孔子 C．n. 后裔；后代；子孙 D．n. 墓地；公墓 E．n. 公馆；宅第 (____)6.Achilles' heel (____)7.Kong Family Mansion (____)8.lead to (____)9.a research project (____)10.hold on A.孔府
B.坚持
C.致命的弱点
D.研究项目
E.通向；导致
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A
E
C
B
D
C
A
E
D
B
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．___________ n. 孔子
2．_________ adj. 最喜欢的 n. 特别喜爱的人(或事物)
3．________ n. 公馆；宅第
4．________ n. 风险；危险；危险人物(事物) vt. 冒……的风险(或危险)
5．__________ n. 墓地；公墓
6．___________ n. 哲学
7．________ n. 一堆；大量；老爷车 vt. 堆积(东西)；对(某人)大加赞扬(或批评等)
8．____________ n. 后裔；后代；子孙
9．__________ adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人
10．________ n. 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
Confucius
favourite
mansion
risk
cemetery
philosophy
heap
descendant
individual
heel
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Over 120 species of birds ___________________ in this National Park in the last ten years.
2．Adam Smith was not only a master of economy, but also an outstanding ____________．
3．We have had a successful year, both collectively and _____________.
4．The pressure of city life ________ him to move to the country.
5．Eventually, the ship was out of sight as the sun __________ toward the horizon.
have been recorded
philosopher
philosopher, descend, individual, understanding, record, loss, force, similar
individually
forced
descended
6．It is said that the stadium suffered serious ________ in the flood last week.
7．Your coat is ________ to mine, but they differ in quality.
8．She decided to take extra math classes to improve her ______________ of the subject and boost her grades.
loss
similar
understanding
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．The path descended steeply ________ the valley.
2．We try to treat our students as _____________ (individual)．
3．The days are ________ (go) when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
4．________ the students walked along the lake, they sang happily.
5．Live now, pay later—that's my ___________ (philosopher) of life!
6．What are you going to spend your ________ (win) on
7．When she opened the door she was greeted by a scene of __________ (confuse).
8．The carpet of leaves in my yard became more and more __________ (notice).
into
individuals
gone
As
philosophy
winnings
confusion
noticeable
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．Are you for real, or are you just ______________ (逗我玩)
2．I ________________________ (感到不自在) at the party because I know no one.
3．I'm trying to eat healthily, but chocolate is my ______________ (致命的弱点)．
pulling my leg
feel like a fish out of water
Achilles' heel
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。(宾语从句)
_______________________________________________
2．由于那天是公共假日，所有的商店都关门了。(as引导的状语从句)
_______________________________________________
3．莉莉的爸爸正在自学汉语。(现在进行时)
______________________________________________
I think that you should turn to the teacher for help.
As it was a public holiday, all the shops were shut.
Lily' s father is learning Chinese by himself.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·吉林省延边州高一上期末)A visit to one of the New Seven Wonders of the World can be one of the most exciting and unforgettable vacations you and your family can take. For a quick introduction of the Wonders, this text presents only four of the historic sites.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 难度 ★ ★ ★★
Giza Necropolis of Egypt
Located about 12 miles from Cairo, Giza Necropolis features (以……为特色) the Great Pyramid and the Great Sphinx of Giza and is about over 4，500 years old. It is easy to take public transportation from Cairo but families should consider booking a personal guide or group trip from a tour operator such as Go Travel Egypt or Viator.
The Great Wall of China
With a history dating back to 476 BCE, the Great Wall stretches (绵延) 13，170 miles across China. The most famous and most visited section of the Great Wall is Badaling. A number of tour operators can be found in Beijing, with recommendations including Viator, The Great Wall Hiking and Discover Beijing Tours. Admission (门票费) to Badaling is just 45 Chinese Yuan(about $7.50) but a guided tour from Beijing starts at around $75.
Petra of Jordan
Rediscovered in 1812, Petra was the fourth century BCE capital of the Nabataean empire. Known for its intricate (错综复杂的) carvings into a sandstone mountain, Petra was a business center, located between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea. Tours to the Lost City can be arranged in Israel or from Anman, the capital and largest city of Jordan 150 miles to the north.
Colosseum of Italy
Located in the ancient center of Rome, the Colosseum started to be built in 72 CE and was finished in 80 CE. Till today, the Colosseum is still the largest amphitheater (圆形竞技场) in the world. Guided tours are easy to find from a number of operators but tickets for self guided tours can be bought on site for 12 euro.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个历史遗址。
篇章导读
1．What can Viator probably do for tourists？( )
A．Lend money to them.
B．Offer wonderful partners.
C．Arrange their work schedules.
D．Provide tour service.
解析：细节理解题。根据Giza Necropolis of Egypt部分中的“It is easy ... Go Travel Egypt or Viator.(从开罗乘坐公共交通工具很方便，但家庭应该考虑向Go Travel Egypt或Viator等旅行社预订私人导游或团体旅行。)”可知，Viator是一家旅行社，可以为游客提供旅游服务。故选D。
答案
解析
2．Which of the following has the shortest history？( )
A．Petra of Jordan.
B．Colosseum of Italy.
C．The Great Wall of China.
D．Giza Necropolis of Egypt.
解析：细节理解题。根据Giza Necropolis of Egypt部分中的“Located about 12 miles ... over 4，500 years old.”、The Great Wall of China部分中的“With a history ... across China.”、Petra of Jordan部分中的“Rediscovered in 1812 ... Nabataean empire.”以及Colosseum of Italy部分中的“Located in the ... finished in 80 CE.”可知，这四个历史遗址中历史最短的是意大利古罗马斗兽场。故选B。
答案
解析
3．What can we know about the four New Wonders of the World？( )
A．They are new sites.
B．They attract only young people.
C．They provide guides.
D．They feature ancient civilisation.
解析：细节理解题。通读全文可知，这四个历史遗址都以古代文明为特色。故选D。
答案
解析
B
(2024·福建南平市高级中学高一上阶段练习)Spain is a country that lies in southwestern Europe. It's surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the south and the east, while to the north and northeast of Spain lie France, Andorra and the Bay of Biscay. The west and northwest of Spain are surrounded by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
The official name of the state is the Kingdom of Spain. Madrid is the capital city, which is also one of the famous places in Spain. Spain, which covers 505，925 square kilometres, is one of the largest countries in Europe.
The weather in Spain differs from one area to another. Most of the rain that happens in Spain is in the mountainous areas. The plains hardly receive any rainfall.
Soccer is an important part of life in Spain. It's said that Spanish children learn to walk and play soccer at exactly the same time. Real Madrid and FC Barcelona are two Spanish soccer teams, which are respected by soccer fans not only in Spain, but all over the world. The popularity of the sport can be judged from the fact that three major soccer teams, which are Real Madrid, Atletico de Madrid, and Rayo Vallecano, were born in Madrid.
If you are a tourist, then you will want to know about the driving rules in Spain. If you're not from the European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, or Liechtenstein, then for you to drive you'll have to carry your international driver's license. Bad news if you haven't celebrated your 18th birthday. If you want to rent a car, then you must have completed 21 years of age. If you're driving, make sure you take all the documents at all times during your stay in Spain.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西班牙的地理位置、首都、面积、气候以及足球文化，同时还详细说明了游客在西班牙驾车的注意事项，包括需要携带的证件和年龄限制等。
篇章导读
4．Paragraph 1 is mainly about ________．( )
A．the history of Spain
B．the location of Spain
C．famous cities in Spain
D．neighbouring countries of Spain
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段“Spain is a country ... the Atlantic Ocean.”可知，第一段主要介绍了西班牙的地理位置。故选B。
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解析
5．What is the best example showing that soccer is popular in Spain？( )
A．Three major soccer teams were born in Madrid.
B．Spanish people enjoy watching soccer matches.
C．Spanish people play soccer when they are walking.
D．Spanish soccer teams have fans all over the world.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The popularity of ... were born in Madrid.”可知，足球在西班牙很受欢迎的最好的例子是在马德里诞生了三支主要的足球队。故选A。
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解析
6．Who is allowed to rent a car in Spain？( )
A．Tom who is 17 years old.
B．Jenny who is 19 years old.
C．Mike who is 20 years old.
D．Bruce who is 22 years old.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If you want ... during your stay in Spain.”可知，在西班牙租车需要年满21岁，由此可推知，22岁的Bruce (布鲁斯)可以在西班牙租车。故选D。
答案
解析
7．The purpose of the passage is to ________．( )
A．explain how to enjoy life in Spain
B．prove Spain is a beautiful country
C．make readers know more about Spain
D．attract more people to pay a visit to Spain
解析：推理判断题。文章第一、二段介绍了西班牙的地理位置和国土信息，第三段介绍了西班牙的气候，第四段介绍了西班牙的足球文化，第五段介绍了西班牙的一些旅游信息。所以本文的目的是让读者更多地了解西班牙。故选C。
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解析
Ⅱ 七选五
(2024·江苏省盐城市高一上月考)In ancient times, people tracked the seasons by following the lunar months. Many times, the names of the moons were related with what features the seasons had. 1(____) It is a special name with a history dating back to Native American tribes (部落). The name is also thought to have a Celtic origin, brought over to North America by European settlers.
Regardless of where the name Wolf Moon comes from, wolves howl (嚎叫) to communicate over long distances both in North America and in Europe. It is a way of saying “here I am” to the rest of the pack or “stay away” to enemies. 2(____) As the late summer moves towards fall, wolves call more and more to neighbors and enemies.
3(____) However, howls by a pack can last from 30 to 120 seconds, and longer during the breeding (繁殖) season. As a result, wolves are particularly loud in the first month of the year. 4(____)
Science has not shown that the Moon phase (月相) plays any particular part in the calls of wolves, but wolves are animals that are in general more active at night. 5(____) They point their faces toward the sky because projecting their howls upward carries the sound farther.
A．They are energetic in January.
B．Wolves howl in the direction of the Moon.
C．In spring and early summer, wolves howl to seek mates.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一月的满月在北美被称为狼月的由来及狼嚎的意义。
篇章导读
D．An average howl from a single wolf lasts from 3 to 7 seconds.
E．That is probably why people related January with howling wolves.
F．It doesn't quite fit in with the traditional Full Moon naming system.
G．January's Full Moon in North America is known as the Wolf Moon.
1．答案：G
2．答案：C
解析：下文“It is a special name ... by European settlers.”介绍了一个名字的由来。G项(一月的满月在北美被称为狼月。)引出下文。故选G。
答案
解析
解析：下文“As the late summer moves towards fall, wolves call more and more to neighbors and enemies.”说明随着季节的变化，狼嚎的意义也会不同。C项(在春天和初夏，狼会嚎叫寻找配偶。)引出下文。故选C。
3．答案：D
4．答案：E
解析：下文“However, howls by a pack ... the breeding (繁殖) season.”说明群狼嚎叫可以持续很长时间。D项(一只狼的嚎叫平均持续3到7秒。)引出下文，与下文构成转折关系。故选D。
答案
解析
解析：上文“As a result, wolves are particularly loud in the first month of the year.”提到狼在一年的头一个月的嚎叫声特别大。E项(这可能就是为什么人们把一月份和嚎叫的狼联系在一起。)承接上文，与上文构成因果关系。故选E。
5．答案：B
解析：上文“Science has not shown ... more active at night.”提到，科学并没有表明月相对狼叫有什么特殊影响，但通常狼在晚上更活跃。B项(狼朝月亮的方向嚎叫。)承接上文。故选B。
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解析
(2024·重庆市实验外国语学校高一下月考)English history is vast, from its rule under the Romans to the rise, heights and fall of the British Empire. When choosing a book to recommend on my country's history, I wanted something that could summarize this sweeping history but didn't get stuck in the details of things that hold me back from completely engaging with this truly rich history. Then, I found Dominic Haynes' A Brief History of England.
精深阅读
The book is a tour through the whole of English history, from its earliest people to the movement of settlers from Europe. It looks at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, Elizabeth Ⅰ's ruling and the lasting impact of Shakespeare. Then it touches on the English Civil Wars and the shift of rule from kings and queens to the parliament (议会) running the country and the establishment of the political parties. It also covers the Napoleonic Wars and the world wars and even considers England's post－Brexit (脱欧后的) present and future.
This really is quite the sweeping book. However, it's very short. This means it's easy to navigate and get a hold of a huge amount of history, but it also means it's very light on the details. At times, this can be upset, as there are parts where it feels like just another paragraph or page would really elevate this book. But for an introduction to English history or perhaps a reminder or refresher, it's great and particularly useful as it is likely to fill in some gaps in your knowledge.
Furthermore, because of the pace of the book, there's not a boring moment. It's a real page－turner,__covering the succession (交替) of kings and queens, wars, and changes in the social order of the country at home and the country's influence across the world.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《英国简史》这本书的内容及作者的阅读感受。
篇章导读
One reviewer on Amazon described the book as “a small masterpiece”， and said. “This is a great book for anyone who wants to get a crash course in English history or for those who want a quick reference to that subject.”
So, jump in, dear readers, and get a hold of what made England what it was, what it went on to be, and where it may stand in our global future.
1．What is the main focus of Dominic Haynes' A Brief History of England
A．Detailed exploration of England's political parties.
B．In－depth analysis of England's post－Brexit policies.
C．An introduction to the British Empire's rise and fall.
D．A brief overview of England's historical shifts and events.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The book is ... present and future.”可知，《英国简史》这本书简要概述了英格兰的历史变迁和事件。故选D。
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解析
2．What is a weakness mentioned of the reviewer regarding the book
A．Its pace is slow and upset.
B．It dives too deeply into political issues.
C．There's a shortage of information on wars.
D．It lacks detailed information due to its shortness.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, it's very short ... elevate this book.”可知，这本书的缺点是由于篇幅短，缺乏详细的信息。故选D。
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解析
3．Which of following can best explain the underlined word “page－turner”？
A．A book that is exciting to read.
B．A book that is complicated.
C．A book that is easy to understand.
D．A book that has lots of pages to turn.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“Furthermore, because of ... a boring moment.”可知，这本书没有无聊的时刻，由此可推知，画线词表示引人入胜的书，与A项(一本读起来令人兴奋的书。)意思相近。故选A。
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解析
4．What is the main purpose of this text
A．To call on people to know the UK's history.
B．To recommend a book of the UK's history.
C．To suggest ways to know the UK's history.
D．To comment on the politics of the UK's history.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“English history is vast ... A Brief History of England.”及最后一段“So, jump in ... our global future.”可推知，作者写本文是为了推荐一本关于英国历史的书。故选B。
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解析
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．________ adj. 辽阔的；巨大的；庞大的
2．________ n. 高度；极端；高潮
3．_____________ vt. 推荐；建议
4．____________ v. 总结；概述；概括
5．gap n. _____________________
vast
height
recommend
summarize
缝隙；差距；缺口
(二)高频短语
6．hold sb back from doing sth ________________
7．________________ ……的影响
8．________________ 把……描述为……
9．jump in _______________________
10．______________ 抓住(某物)；领会(某要点)
阻止某人做某事
impact of ...
describe ... as ...
不假思索地去做某事
get a hold of
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．Sky diving never appeals to me because I am afraid of ________ (high)．
12．Peter was able to scare away the bear with a sudden ___________ (move)．
13．The _______________ (establish) of the committee is greatly significant to the protection of the world cultural heritage.
heights
movement
establishment
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．Likewise, China's influence also spread across other countries.____________
15．Beijing is a diverse and dynamic city, not to mention that it's the political and cultural centre of our country.____________
16．The painting is a masterpiece in the truest sense of the world.____________
影响
政治的
杰作
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．We have the expertise to help you manage your business. ________
18．This program helps bring continuous learning in your enterprise. ________
19．It is impossible to calculate what influence he had on her life. ________
run
lasting
impact
impact， last， run
(六)长难句分析
20．When choosing a book to recommend on my country's history, I wanted something that could summarize this sweeping history but didn't get stuck in the details of things that hold me back from completely engaging with this truly rich history.
句意：当选择一本关于我国历史的书来推荐时，我希望它能总结这段浩繁的历史，但又不拘泥于细节，以免阻碍我完全了解这段真正丰富的历史。
分析：主干是 ___________________；when＋现在分词短语作__________；两个that分别引导两个________从句，but连接其所在定语从句中的两个并列谓语动词________________和_________________。
I wanted something
时间状语
定语
could summarize
didn't get stuck
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．Do your thoughts inspire you, or ___________________ (阻止你成为……) your best self
22．The specific ___________ (……的影响) the greenhouse effect is unknowable.
hold you back from
impact of
(八)仿写句子
23．This means it's easy to navigate and get a hold of a huge amount of history, but it also means it's very light on the details. (it作形式主语)
仿写：年轻人给老人让座是有礼貌的。
______________________________________________________
It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old.
