人教版2017高考英语基础总结及练习：必修1 Unit 1 Friendship【1】（附答案）

人教版2017高考英语基础总结及练习：必修1Unit1【1】（附答案）
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重点单词
A．写作单词
1．upset(adj.)心烦意乱的；不适的；不安的；(vt.)使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打翻
2．ignore
(vt.)不理睬；忽视
3．calm(adj.)平静的；镇静的；沉着的；(vt.&
vi.)(使)平静；(使)镇定；(n.)平静；镇定
4．outdoors
(adv.)在户外；在野外
5．pack
(v.)捆扎；包装；打行李；(n.)小包；包裹
6．concern
(vt.)(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；(n.)担心；关注；(利害)关系
concerned
(adj.)担心的；忧虑的
7．settle
(v.)定居，安家；停留；解决；安排
settlement
(n.)定居点；解决
8．suffer
(v.)遭受；忍受；经历
suffering
(n.)折磨；苦难
9．recover
(vt.&
vi.)痊愈；重新获得
recovery
(n.)康复；痊愈；复得
10．disagree
(vi.)不同意
disagreement
(n.)不同意
agree
(v.)(反义词)同意
B．阅读单词
11．loose
(adj.)松的；松开的
12．series
(n.)连续；系列
13．dusk
(n.)黄昏；傍晚
14．curtain
(n.)窗帘；门帘；幕布
15．teenager
(n.)十几岁的青少年
16．grateful
(adj.)感激的；表示谢意的
17．dislike
(n.&
vt.)厌恶
18．item
(n.)项目；条款
19．swap
(vt.)交换
20．tip
(n.)提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费；(vt.)倾斜；翻倒
21．entire
(adj.)整个的；完全的
entirely
(adv.)完全地；整个地
22．exact
(adj.)精确的；准确的
exactly
(adv.)确实如此；正是；确切地
23．power
(n.)能力；力量；权力
powerful
(adj.)强大的；有力的
训练题
一、完形填空
（2016高考模拟选编）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。
I
had
my
first
choco
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )late
bar
at
five
years
old.I'll
never
forget
the
delicious
taste.But
the
situation
was
anything
but
__1__．It
was
World
War
Ⅱ.Many
people
in
our
village
fled
in
panic.
Only
__2__
were
allow
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
to
board
the
train.Just
before
departure，a
woman
traveling
alone
pulled
me
onto
the
train
to
get
the
__3__．The
entire
trip
I
cried
for
my
mother.
We
arrived
in
Hambur
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g.Now
that
the
woman
had
escaped，she
had
no
more
__4__
for
me.I
lived
on
the
streets，surviving
by
__5__
food.I'd
slip
into
the
mess
hall，hide
under
a
table
and
__6__
off
with
loaves
of
fresh
bread.
One
afternoon
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
as
I
__7__
near
a
tent
in
search
of
food，a
huge
hand
lifted
me
up
__8__
the
collar.It
was
an
American
soldier.“Got
you
！”
he
shouted.
I
was
__9__，and
I
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould
see
it
upset
him.“It's
__10__，kid，”
he
said.He
reached
into
his
jacket
and
handed
me
a
__11__．I
unwrapped
it
and
took
a
bite.I
thought
I'd
gone
to
__12__．
Four
years
later，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I
was
taken
by
the
soldier
to
an
orphanage(孤儿院)
in
America.Soon
after，a
family
who
lived
in
Pennsylvania
__13__
me.Later，I
joined
the
army，and
then
attended
__14__．Eventually
I
earned
a
master's
degree
in
clinical
social
work.I
want
to
__15__
back
all
the
people
who
were
so
good
to
me，I
prayed.
So
in
1983
I
went
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
work
as
a
clinical
adviser，treating
retired
__16__
who
suffer
from
post－war
stress
syndrome.The
troubled
soldiers
wondered
how
I
can
possibly
__17__
them
or
help
ease
their
pain.That
is
__18__
I
tell
them
my
story，and
about
the
soldier
sent
to
save
my
life.
I
never
did
learn
his
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )name，but
I
remember
his
__19__．And
then
I
opened
a
drawer
in
my
desk
that
is
always
full
and
__20__
them
some
chocolate.
【语篇解读】　一个人的一生
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不会是一帆风顺的。不管你经历了惊涛骇浪，还是小小的考验，只要活下来就是幸运的，离幸福也只有一步之遥。带着一颗感恩的心，去生活、去与人交往，坚持自己心中的梦想与承诺，就定能为他人带去一点快乐、给自己的心灵一丝安慰。
1．A.bitter
B．sweet
C．strange
D．familiar
答案　B　[由下文“It
was
World
WarⅡ”可知，巧克力棒的味道是甜美的，但是形势却不乐观。]
2．A.women
B．children
C．troops
D．families
答案　D　[由下文一位妇女为了上车把作者拉上可知，当时只有一个家庭才可以上火车。下文的“traveling
alone”也是暗示。]
3．A.chance
B．money
C．prize
D．reward
答案　A　[结合上下文，可知这位妇女拉上作者是为了获得坐上火车逃跑的机会。]
4．A.like
B．room
C．use
D．time
答案　C　[现在，那个女人已经逃离了，她就开始讨厌作者了。have
no
use
for“讨厌……”。]
5．A.selling
B．begging
C．making
D．stealing
答案　D　[由下文“I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'d
slip
into
the
mess
hall，hide
under
a
table
and...”可知作者是靠偷食物谋生的。]
6．A.leave
B．make
C．take
D．turn
答案　B　[作者溜进脏乱的食堂，藏在
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一张桌子底下，然后带着长条面包离开。make
off“逃离”；动词leave表示离开时，无需再用off。]
7．A.wandered
B．slept
C．hid
D．played
答案　C　[结合上下文可知作者是靠偷食物谋生，因此他的动作应是“藏”在帐篷附近。]
8．A.by
B．on
C．in
D．through
答案　A　[表示揪某人衣领时，常用“动词＋某人＋by
the
collar”。这时有一只大手抓住作者的衣领把作者拎了起来。]
9．A.excited
B．amused
C．alarmed
D．scared
答案　D　[作者害怕极了。偷东西被抓心里肯定担心害怕(scared)。]
10．A.fine
B．okay
C．serious
D．common
答案　B　[根据“He
reache
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
into
his
jacket...took
a
bite”可知，这位士兵非常友好，不仅没有责怪作者，反而给他东西吃。因此此处用“okay”。]
11．A.ice
cream
B．candy
C．chocolate
bar
D．cookie
答案　C　[结合全文尤其是第一段以及最后一段，可知这位士兵给作者吃的是一根巧克力棒。]
12．A.heaven
B．hell
C．prison
D．hospital
答案　A　[作者不仅没有受到惩罚，反而有东西吃，所以感觉非常好，就像进入了天堂。]
13．A.adapted
B．rejected
C．employed
D．adopted
答案　D　[由语境可知，作者被送到孤儿院后，一个家庭收养了他。]
14．A.church
B．college
C．patients
D．clubs
答案　B　[由下文“Eventu
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ally
I
earned
a
master's
degree
in
clinical
social
work”可知作者上了大学。]
15．A.take
B.
call
C．pay
D．bring
答案　C　[作者祈祷说，他要报答所有帮助过自己的人。pay
back“报答，回报”。]
16．A.teachers
B．workers
C．officials
D．soldiers
答案　D　[由下文“the
troubled
soldiers
wondered
how...”可知，作者专门治疗那些退伍军人。]
17．A.cure
B．understand
C．repay
D．discover
答案　B　[患病的士兵们怀疑作者怎么会理解他们，怎么能帮助他们减轻痛苦。]
18．A.when
B．where
C．how
D．what
答案　A　[每当这个时候，作者都会告诉他们他的故事，讲述那位营救他的美国士兵。]
19．A.honesty
B．courage
C．kindness
D．appearance
答案　C　[本篇讲述了美国士兵帮助作者的故事，他给作者东西吃，还把作者送到孤儿院，因此作者一直记得他的善良。]
20．A.sold
B．showed
C．cooked
D．offered
答案　D　[然后，作者会打开办公桌上一个装满美味巧克力的抽屉，拿出巧克力来请他们品尝。offer
sb
sth“给某人提供某物”。]
二、阅读理解
（一）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
Coffee
is
one
of
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
most
popular
drinks
throughout
the
world
today.
In
fact,
according
to
some
estimates,
over
30%
of
all
adults
in
the
world
drink
coffee
at
least
once
a
day
on
the
average.
Coffee
contains
a
kind
of
drug
called
caffeine.
Caffeine
is
a
chemical
that
stimulates
(刺激)
the
nerves
of
the
body.
Drinking
coffee
tends
to
make
people
a
little
bit
more
awake―at
least
for
a
short
time―because
of
this
stimulating
effect
on
the
nervous
system.
A
cup
of
coffee
has,
on
the
average,
about
3%
caffeine
in
it.
One
story
of
the
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iscovery
of
the
coffee
plant
relates
to
this
effect
of
caffeine.
According
to
the
story,
coffee
was
discovered
in
East
Africa.
The
story
says
that
coffee
was
first
found
by
a
goat
farmer
named
Kaldi.
This
was
about
the
year
850.
Kaldi
was
leading
his
animals
through
the
mountains
and
the
goats
were
stopping
repeatedly
to
eat
the
plants
near
the
path.
Suddenly,
some
of
the
goats
started
jumping
up
and
down
in
a
very
strange
way.
Kaldi
figured
out
that
the
goats
were
acting
this
way
because
of
the
plants
they
were
eating.
Kaldi
himself
tried
eating
some
of
the
green
beans
(豆荚)
that
the
goats
had
been
eating.
He,
too,
felt
the
stimulating
effect
of
the
beans.
Kaldi
wanted
to
prove
what
had
happened,
so
he
picked
some
of
the
beans
and
took
them
back
to
the
village,
where
he
told
his
story.
The
green
bean
got
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
name
"Kaffa"
and
later
"coffee"
because
the
beans
were
discovered
in
a
place
called
Kaffa
in
Africa.
Then
for
years,
people
used
to
eat
a
few
of
the
green
Kaffa
beans
when
they
were
in
the
mountains
and
needed
extra
energy
to
do
their
work.
It
was
later
found
that
the
coffee
beans
could
be
picked
and
then
dried
until
they
turned
brown,
and
then
they
could
be
stored.
If
the
beans
were
dried
and
stored,
they
could
be
used
at
any
time.
1.What
is
the
purpose
of
drinking
coffee
A.
To
become
more
awake.
B.
To
become
more
healthy.
C.
To
become
more
happy.
D.
To
become
more
clever.
2.How
did
the
goats
react
after
eating
the
plants
A.
They
fell
asleep.
B.
They
could
not
find
their
way
home.
C.
They
started
jumping
up
and
down.
D.
They
wanted
to
eat
more.
3.Why
did
the
green
bean
get
the
name
"Kaffa"
A.
Because
Kaldi
loved
his
home
village
very
much.
B.
Because
Kaldi's
goats
loved
the
green
bean
very
much.
C.
Because
the
beans
were
discovered
in
a
place
by
this
name.
D.
Because
the
beans
could
be
picked
and
dried.
【参考答案】1.A
2.C
3.C
【解析】
试题分析：本文为我们介绍了咖啡豆。通过一个牧羊人的故事为我们讲述了咖啡豆名字的起源及其产地和作用。
1.理解题。从第一段中“Dri
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nking
coffee
tends
to
make
people
a
little
bit
more
awake”中可以看出咖啡豆的作用是使人变得清醒，故选A。
2.细节理解题。从文中第二段中“Sud
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )denly,
some
of
the
goats
started
jumping
up
and
down
in
a
very
strange
way.”可以看出吃了这种植物后，一些羊开始以很奇怪的方式的跳上跳下，故选C。
3.细节理解题。从最后一段第一句“The
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )green
bean
got
the
name
"Kaffa"
and
later
"coffee"
because
the
beans
were
discovered
in
a
place
called
Kaffa
in
Africa.”可知，这种青豆开始叫“Kaffa”后来变为“咖啡”是因为它是在非洲一个叫Kaffa的地方被发现的，故选C。
考点：事物说明类阅读
（二）
The
old
shopke
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eper
led
me
through
to
the
back
of
the
shop.
The
room
was
filled
with
boxes
and
dusty
photographs
of
people
holding
packages
in
their
hands.
Mr.
Hopkins
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aid,
"We
have
a
very
wide
choice
of
items
for
sale.
Whenever
I
serve
a
new
customer,
I
take
his
picture.
"
Mr.
Hopkins
pointed
to
an
ancient
camera
on
a
table.
I
began
to
ap
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )preciate
the
lovely
items
on
sale.
I
spent
a
very
pleasant
hour
being
shown
the
commodities
in
the
shop.
Finally,
I
bought
an
antique
jewelry
box,
a
pair
of
riding
boots
and
a
sewing
machine.
I
was
very
exci
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted
that
I
had
found
such
a
good
little
shop.
"I
will
tell
all
my
friends
about
your
lovely
place.
"
I
told
the
shopkeeper.
"Please
don't
do
that,
sir.
"
said
Mr.
Hopkins.
"This
is
a
special
place
for
special
people.
You
must
keep
this
shop
a
secret.
"
Then
he
took
my
photograph
and
handed
me
the
picture
straight
away.
"
That
was
quick
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
!
"
I
exclaimed.
In
the
picture
I
looked
proud
and
excited
holding
the
presents
I
had
bought
there.
On
Christmas
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Day,
my
friends
and
relatives
were
delighted
with
the
presents
I
had
bought
for
them.
For
weeks,
my
bro
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther
begged
me
to
take
him
to
the
wonderful
little
shop.
I
finally
agreed.
We
walked
alo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
Oxford
Street,
past
the
department
store
and
found---nothing.
In
its
place
was
an
empty
space
being
used
as
a
car
park.
I
checked
the
area
again.
There
was
the
music
shop,
and
there
was
the
department
store.
In
between
should
have
been
Hopkins
and
Son,
but
it
wasn't
there.
Just
then,
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
old
policeman
came.
"Are
you
looking
for
something,
sir "
he
asked.
"I
am
looking
for
a
little
shop
called
Hopkins
and
Son.
"
"Oh
yes,
ther
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
was
a
shop
here
'once
called
Hopkins
and
Son.
But
it
was
knocked
down
over
30
years
ago.
"
I
looked
agai
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
at
the
place,
then
I
reached
into
my
pocket
and
took
out
the
photograph
that
Mr.
Hopkins
had
taken
of
me
holding
my
presents
in
the
little
shop.
"
How
strange
!
"
I
screamed.
1.
What
did
the
author
think
of
Hopkins
and
Son
A.
Big
and
modem.
B.
Old
and
outdated.
C.
Little
and
dusty.
D.
Lovely
and
wonderful.
2.
We
can
infer
from
Paragraph
4
that
Mr.
Hopkins
.
.
A.
was
ashamed
of
his
little
shop
B.
didn't
like
his
shop
to
be
advertised
C.
was
one
of
the
author's
special
friends
D.
handed
the
author
his
picture
immediately
3.
What
does
the
underlined
word
"commodities"
refer
to
A.
The
goods
in
the
shop.
B.
The
author's
gifts.
C.
Photographs
taken
by
Mr.
Hopkins.
D.
Packages
held
by
other
customers.
4.
What
can
we
learn
about
the
shop
A.
It
was
closed
by
the
police.
.
B.
It
was
well
-
known
in
that
area.
C.
It
was
knocked
down
a
few
weeks
ago.
D.
It
was
between
a
music
shop
and
a
department
store.
参考答案1.
D
2.
B
3.
A
4.
D
三、短文改错
假段定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.
只允许修改
10
处，多者
(从第
11
处起)
不计分。
Have
you
ever
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )seen
blue
ice
cream
topped
with
black
fruits
That
sounded
foreign
and
not
delicious
at
all!
That’s
the
power
of
colors．It
can
neither
make
your
dinner
more
delicious
or
to
spoil
the
whole
table． Scientists
have
found
that
blue
must
make
people
lose
appetite．If
you
don’t
want
to
eat
too
many
at
your
classmate’s
birthday
party，put
his
cake
on
a
blue
plate．You’ll
stop
eating
soon．Why
is
it
that
people
don’t
feel
like
eat
when
they
see
blue
It’s
all
in
their
mind.
People
relate
the
color
of
food
they
see
the
food
in
their
memory.
There
are
almost
no
blue
leafy
vegetable
and
no
blue
meat,
so
people
get
a
“foreign”
or
“strange”
feeling
about
the
blue
food
itself．So
what
should
go
into
dishes
You
need
to
think
it
over
after
helping
your
mum
with
dinner
to
make
a
better
decision．
短文改错
1.
sounded—sounds
2.
neither---either
3.
or后的to删除
4.must---may/
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )might/can/could
5.
many—much
6.
his—your
7.eat---eating
8.the
food前添加to/with
9.vegetable—vegetables
10.after---before