2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列（译林牛津版）──专题04形容词和副词

2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题04形容词和副词
知识精讲(学生版)
一、形容词和副词的基本用法
(一)形容词在句中的作用
1.形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语
①形容词作定语时的位置问题：通常放置被修饰的名词前，但是下列情况需后置：
▲形容词短语作定语
This
is
a
language
.这是一门难以掌握的语言。
In
the
distance
ther
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
is
a
leaning
tower
.远处有一座180英尺的斜塔。
He
is
a
student
.他是个值得表扬的学生。
▲表语形容词(参考下列3)作定语
He
is
indeed
a
Lei
Feng
.他真是个活雷锋。
▲形容词修饰不定代词
is
asking
to
see
you.有个陌生人要见你。
happened
and
we
had
to
make
some
changes
to
our
plan.
发生了一些意想不到的事情，我们不得不对我们的计划做些改变。
▲else修饰疑问代词和不定代词
can
answer
the
question.
其他没有人能回答这个问题。
do
you
want
to
say
你想还说点什么？
②多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途(熟记下列顺口溜：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠)。
It’s
a
_______
clock,
made
of
brass
and
dating
from
the
nineteenth
century.
A.
charming
French
small
B.
French
small
charming
C.
small
French
charming
D.
charming
small
French
【答案与解析】
2.形容词在句中也可作状语，用来表示主语所处的状态
①形容词(短语)置于句首常作原因状语
,
we
watched
our
home
destroyed
before
our
eyes.
我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。
,
the
thief
hid
himself
under
a
bed.
因为害怕被抓，这个小偷藏在床下面。
②形容词(短语)置于句末常作伴随状语或方式状语
He
was
lying
in
bed,
.他躺在床上，死了。
He
spent
7
days
in
the
wind
and
snow,
.
他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷又饿。
She
stared
into
the
distance,
.
她盯着远处看，好长时间不讲话。
3.alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语
He
is
an
ill
man.(错)
He
is
a
sick
man或The
man
is
ill.(对)
She
is
an
afraid
girl.(错)
The
girl
is
afraid.(对)
4.two year old/200
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )metre long/one thousand word等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只用作前置定语
Tom
is
a
boy.汤姆是个十二岁的男孩。
附录：复合形容词的构成：
▲形容词+形容词：red-hot炽热的/dark-blue深蓝的
▲形容词+现在分词：good-looking好看的/easy-going随和的
▲副词+现在分词：hard-working勤劳的/fast-moving快速转动的
▲副词+过去分词：hard-won得来不易的/newly-made新建的
▲名词+形容词：life-long终生的/world-famous世界闻名的
▲名词+现在分词：peace-loving爱好和平的/fun-loving爱开玩笑的
▲名词+过去分词：snow-covered白雪覆盖的/hand-made手工的
▲形容词+名词-ed：kind-hearted好心的/white-haired白发的
▲数词+名词
+
ed：four-storeyed
4层楼的/three-legged
3条腿的
▲数词+名词(名词用单数)：ten-year
10年的/two-man两人的
(二)副词在句中的作用
1.副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子
Obviously
you
are
wrong.很显然，你错了。
注意：某些副词也可以作定语、表语或宾语补足语
On
our
way
home,
we
saw
a
traffic
accident.在回家的路上，我们目睹了一起交通事故。
Sorry,
Mr.
Smith
isn’t
in.
He
is
out.抱歉，史密斯先生不在，他出去了。
I
saw
you
out
with
Mr.
White
yesterday
morning.昨天早上我看到你和史密斯先生出去了。
2.enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置
When they reached
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the burning building they found that their ladders were not long enough to reach the people who were trapped. 当他们靠近烈火熊熊的大楼时，他们发现梯子不够长，够不着那些被火围困的人。
3.几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间
We
had
a
good
time
.
上星期日我们一起在户外玩得很愉快。
二、形容词和副词的比较等级的用法
形容词、副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级，其构成形式参看本专题最后的附录。
(一)原级比较
1.as＋形容词/副词原级＋as像……一样
I
study
my
sister,
but
she
is
more
clever
than
me.我和姐姐学习一样努力，但是她比我更聪明。
2.as＋adj.＋a/an＋名词＋as像……一样的……
Henry
is
Tom(is).=Henry
is
a
worker
as
good
as
Tom
(is).亨利和汤姆一样都是好工人。
3.as
much＋a/an＋名词＋as和……一样是……
It
is
general
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly
believed
that
teaching
is
it
is
a
science.
人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。
4.not
as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as...不如……那样……
This
building
looks
not
that
one.
这栋楼看上去不如那栋楼那样高。
注意：上述结构还可以形成
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )含有特殊意义的短语：as
much
as
+不可数名词(或表示重量、距离、温度等复数名词)：多达；as
many
as
+可数名词：多达；as
early
as：早在；as
far
as：远到，就……而知(论)；may
(might,
could)as
well：不妨、不如；as
…
as
can
be：到了最……的程度，极其；as
…
as
one
can：尽其所能；as
…
as
possible：尽可能。
The
speed
can
vary
by
as
much
as
15
per
cent.其速度的差别可高达15%。
I
have
as
many
as
sixteen
reference
books.我有多达16本的参考书。
As
early
as
the
twe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lfth
century
the
English
began
to
invade
the
island.
早在20世纪英国就开始入侵略了该岛屿。
As
far
as
I
know,
he
has
been
there
before.
就我所知，他以前没有到过那儿。
Then
you
might
as
well
stay
with
us
here.那么你不妨跟我们呆在这里。
They
are
as
unreliable
as
they
can
be.他们极其不可信。
He
ran
as
fast
as
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
could
hoping
to
catch
the
early
bus.他尽可能快跑希望能赶上早班公交车。
They
got
the
work
over
as
quickly
as
possible.他们尽快地结束了工作。
(二)比较级
1.表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构
This
picture
is
that
one.这幅画比那幅画更美。
注意：▲比较对象的一致性
The
weather
in
China
is
different
from
__.
A.
in
America
B.
one
in
America
C.
America
D.
that
in
America
【答案与解析】D。句意：中国的天气比美国
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )热。比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。
▲比较对象的排他性：要避免将主语包含在比较对象中
(错)China
is
larger
than
any
country
in
Asia.(因为中国也属于亚洲)
(对)China
is
larger
than
any
other
countries
in
Asia.中国比亚洲的其他任何一个国家都大。
▲比较对象的隐蔽性：有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象
If
there
were
no
examinations,
we
should
have
_______
at
school.
A.
the
happiest
time
B.
a
more
happier
time
C.
much
happiest
time
D.
a
much
happier
time
【答案与解析】
I
don’t
think
this
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
film
is
by
far
the
most
boring.
I
have
seen
_______.
A.
better
B.
worse
C.
the
best
D.
the
worst
【答案与解析】
It
takes
a
long
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
time
to
go
there
by
sea;
it’s
_______
by
plane.
A.
quick
B.
the
quickest
C.
much
quick
D.
quicker
【答案与解析】
2.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构
This
room
is
that
one.这个房间不及那个房间漂亮。
3.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量加深
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even,
a
lot,
a
bit,
a
little,
still,
much,
far,
yet等修饰；
He
works
than
before.他甚至比以前更加努力工作。
4.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the
+比较级(主语+谓语)，the
+比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)；
T
he
works,
he
feels.他越是努力工作，他越是感到快乐。
5.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+
and+比较级”的结构；
The
weather
is
getting
.天气变得越来越冷。
The
girl
becomes
.这个女孩变得越来越漂亮。
6.比较级表达最高级含义
①“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级的含义
Your
story
is
perfect；I've
never
heard
a
better
one
before。
你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听到比
。
This
could
give
her
n
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
greater
pleasure.这使她
。
There’s
nothing
cheaper.
。
There
is
no
gr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eater
love
than
that
of
a
man
who
lays
down
his
life
for
his
friends.
为朋友而放弃生命的爱是
。
注意：反过来用肯定形式表示否定意义。这种用法主要见于：
▲know
better
than+不定式。这种结构意为“不至于”
You
have
a
better
command
of
French
than
to
make
such
mistakes.
你的法语较好，不至于犯这样的错误。
He
is
more
experienced
than
to
do
such
a
thing.
他比较有经验，不至于做这样的事。
▲more
than…can。这种句型形式上是肯定，实际上有否定含义
The
boys
in
the
str
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eet
have
become
very
insolent
and
it
is
more
than
flesh
and
blood
can
bear.
街上的那些男孩变得非常无礼，到了人所不能忍受的地步。
The
beauty
of
the
place
is
more
than
I
can
describe.那地方美得无法形容。
②比较级在以下几种句式中均表示最高级含义。
比较级＋than＋any
other＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all
the
other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋anyone
else
比较级＋than＋any
of
the
other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋the
rest
of＋复数名词或不可数名词
朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。
Julia
is
taller
than
any
in
her
class.
Julia
is
taller
than
all
in
her
class.
Julia
is
taller
than
any
of
in
her
class.
Julia
is
taller
than
the
rest
of
in
her
class.
Julia
is
the
tallest
in
her
class.
7.原级表示比较
某些以-ior结尾的形容词本身就含有比
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )较意思，用to代替than。这些词有superior(较好的，优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)等；
①Beethoven
is
my
fav
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orite
musician.
I
regard
him
_______
other
musicians.
A.
more
superior
to

B.
more
superior
than

C.
superior
to

D.
superior
than
【答案与解析】
②He
is
_______
me
in
p
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )osition
in
the
company,
but
he
doesn’t
lift
up
his
horn(盛气凌人).
A.
junior
than
B.
senior
than
C.
junior
to
D.
senior
to
【答案与解析】
8.倍数表达法
①A
is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
②A
is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
③A
is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B
④the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of
A
is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
⑤A
is＋倍数＋(as…as)+what引导的名词性从句
长江是珠江的三倍长。
The
Yangtze
River
is
twice
than
the
Pearl
River.
The
Yangtze
River
is
three
times
the
Pearl
River.
The
Yangtze
River
is
three
times
the
the
Pearl
River.
The
of
the
Yangtze
River
is
three
times
that
of
the
Pearl
River.
据报道现在这个村子是它十年前的四倍大。
It
is
reported
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
village
is
now
four
times
what
it
was
ten
years
ago.
用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.
9.more
/less
than及其相关结构比较
①more
than＋具体数字=over：多于、超过……，more
than＋名词/动词/形容词/副词：不仅仅
He
spoke
English
more
than
two
years.(两年多)
China
Daily
is
more
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )than
a
newspaper
and
it
can
also
help
us
learn
English.
《中国日报》不仅仅是一份报纸，它还能够帮助我们学习英语。
②not
more
than：不超过……，顶多……=at
most
There
were
not
more
than
70
women
in
the
store
then.(不足70个女性)
③no
more
than：仅仅，只不过
The
theater
was
n
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
more
than
a
painted
barn.这戏院只不过是漆了油漆的库房而已(没什么大不了的)。
④less
than：少于、不足……
Their
car
broke
down
where
they
drove
less
than
five
miles.(不到五英里)
⑤not
less
than：……以上，至少……=at
least
He
has
not
less
than
200
dollars.(至少200美元)
⑥no
less
than：不会少于……，与……一样，简直就……
It
is
no
less
than
robbery
to
ask
me
for
so
much.要我这么多钱，简直跟抢劫没有两样。
⑦more…than…：与其……不如……
He
is
not
more
an
artist
than
a
philosopher.与其说他是位艺术家，不如说他是位哲学家。
⑧no＋比较级＋than：仅仅……，最多……，只不过……，和……一样不
The
officials
could
see
no
more
than
the
Emperor.官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。
He
is
no
more
a
good
player
than
I
am.他和我一样都不是好球员(他也好不到哪里去)。
⑨not
less…than：不比……少，不亚于……
She
is
not
less
charming
than
her
daughter.她跟她女儿一样有魅力。
⑩no
less…than：不会比……差，正如……一样”
A
dolphin
is
no
less
a
clever
animal
than
a
dog
is.海豚不会比狗笨吧！
(三)最高级
1.三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时，用“the
+形容词最高级或(the)+副词最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语
Zhang
Hua
is
of
the
three.张华是三个中最高的。
Of
all
the
boys
he
came
.所有男孩中，他来得最早。
2.最高级可被序数词以及much、by
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
far、nearly、almost
、by
no
means、not
quite、not
really、nothing
like
等词语所修饰
Guangzhou
is
largest
city
in
China.广州是中国第三大的城市。
3.表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也没有比较级。
三、形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”
He
is
a
most
clever
young
policeman.(most=very)
The
film
is
most
interesting.(most=very)
③as+形容词+a+单数名词；
This
is
as
good
an
example
as
the
other
is.
④表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the
who
is
the
older
of
the
tow
boys
⑤在“the
+
比较级……，the
+
比较级……”结构中
⑥在same前一般要加the
⑦What
+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词=How+形容词+
a/an+单数可数名词
What
an
interesting
film(it
is)！=
!
多么有趣的一部电影啊！
⑧so和such的用法
so
+形容词/副词+ that
…
so
+
many/much/
little/few+名词+that
…
so
+形容词+
a(n)+单数可数名词+
that
…=such
+
a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词
+
that
…
such
+形容词+不可数名词+
that
…
such
+形容词+复数名词+
that
…
下列词组中为什么只能用so不可用such
so
much
progress、so
many
people、so
little
food、so
few
apples等。
因为名词受many,
much,
little,
few等表示“多或少”意义的词修饰。
These
are
such
little
boys
that
they
can’t
dress
themselves.
上句中such用得对不对？为什么？
下列so的用法是错误的：so
difficult
problems,
so
hot
weather
为什么？因为problems是复数，weather是不可数名词。
⑧有些形容词前加the
成为名词。如the
poor,
the
rich
等。
⑨so
much
the
better是英语中的一个固定表达形式，大多是与if从句一起出现，可以在口语中使用，也可以在书面语中使用。
If
you
can
finish
the
project
by
Friday,
it’s
so
much
the
better.
若你能在星期五之前完成这计划，
。
四、连系动词与形容词
象get,
grow,
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )come,
feel,
appear,
prove,
look,
keep,
smell,
taste,
sound,
go,
turn,
remain等这些动词既可以用作为实义动词又可以用作连系动词，因而要根据上下文语境判断究竟是什么性质的动动词才能正确解题。
玛丽悲伤地看了看父母亲而她的父母亲看上去也很悲伤。
Mary
looked
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
at
her
parents
while
her
parents
looked
,
too.
(第一个“look”为实义动词，第二个
“look”
为连系动词)
五、形容词、副词的辨析
1.下列单词虽以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词
deadly,friendly,lovely,likely,lonely,silly,lively,brotherly,weekly等。
2.有无ly的副词意义、用法有别
①意义用法不同
Someone
followed
me
close
behind
me.有人紧跟着我。
Everyone
felt
that
his
remarks
hit
close
to
home.他的话击中了要害。
Come
close
to
me
and
you’ll
listen
to
me
clearly.靠近我，你就会听清楚的。
These
two
topics
are
closely
related.这两个课题紧密相连。
(close修饰介词短语、closely修饰动词和过去分词)
He
hardly
worked
hard
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
at
maths
so
he
could
not
pass
the
maths
examination.
他几乎没有努力学习数学，结果没有通过这次数学考试。
He
always
works
late
into
the
night.他总是工作到深夜。
Have
you
been
to
the
cinema
lately 你最近有没有看电影？
The
meeting
proceeded
in
a
most
friendly
atmosphere.会见在极其友好的气氛中进行。
The
present
world
situ
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ation
is
most
favorable
for
the
people.当前世界形势对人民非常有利。
They
are
mostly
visiti
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
scientists.=
Most
of
them
are
visiting
scientists.
②具体和抽象的关系
They
buried
the
body
very
deep.
他们把尸体埋得很深。(具体)
His
words
deeply
moved
me.
他的话深深地打动了我。(抽象)
类似的词：high/highly,
wide/widely
3.形容词和副词相同形式
①意义不一
She
said
with
a
half
smile
to
me.她微笑着对我说。
Well
begun
is
half
done.良好的开端是成功的一半。
This
kind
of
material
feels
very
hard.这种材料摸上去很硬。
He
found
modern
art
very
hard
to
understand.他觉得现代艺术很难理解。
He
is
working
hard
at
maths.他在努力学习数学。
The
door
was
fast
shut.门紧闭着。
His
father
was
fast
asleep.他父亲睡得很香。
②意义基本相同
He
got
up
so
early
that
he
caught
the
early
bus.他起得早赶上了早班车。
What
you
need
is
a
sound
sleep.你所需要的是好好睡一觉。
His
father
was
sound
asleep.
他父亲睡得很香。
If
he
were
well,
he
would
do
the
work
well.
如果他身体好的话，他会把这项工作干好的。
4.搭配特别的形容词和副词
英语中有些形容词和副词与名词、动词、或另一形容词等的搭配与汉语不完全一样，在平时学习中通过运用要把它们掌握好。
特别注意下列有别于汉语的表达：
well
worth很值得
wide
awake很清醒
fast/sound
asleep睡得很香
largely
due
to…主要因为
greatly
respected/honored很受尊敬
rain/snow
hard/heavily下大雨(大雪)
large/small
population人口多(少)
heavy
traffic交通堵塞
5.体现两句间逻辑关系的连接性副词
anyhow/anyway“反正，不管怎样”，表示让步。
even
so“即便如此，即使这样”，表示条件关系。
or
rather“更确切地说”，表示进一步解释。
though用作副词时，常在句末，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折关系。
therefore“因此，所以”，表示结果。
meanwhile“与此同时，在此期间”，表示前后分句的动作同时发生。
moreover“另外”，besides“另外；还有”，表示承接关系或递进关系。
however“然而”，表示让步、转折，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
instead“相反”，表示前后分句意义相反。
①Progress
so
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar
has
been
very
good.
_______,
we
are
sure
that
the
project
will
be
completed
on
time.
A.
However
B.
Otherwise
C.
Therefore
D.
Besides
【答案与解析】
②The
hurricane
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )amaged
many
houses
and
business
buildings;__
,
it
caused
20
deaths.
A.
or
else
B.
therefore
C.
after
all
D.
besides
【答案与解析】
③Much
of
the
power
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of
the
trade
unions
has
been
lost.
_
,
their
political
influence
should
be
very
great.
A.
As
a
result
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
As
usual
C.
Even
so
D.
So
far
【答案与解析】
6.too
much和much
too的区别
①too
much的含义是“太多”，充当形容词用时，too是副词，用来修饰much，后接不可数名词。
I
have
too
much
homework
to
do.我有太多的家庭作业要做。
too
much充当副词用时，可用来修饰动词
Watching
TV
too
much
is
bad
for
your
health.看电视看得太多对你的健康有害。
too
much充当代词用时，后面不接名词，代替上下文提到的事物。
You
gave
me
too
much.你给我的太多了。
②much
too意为“太”，much(副词)用来修饰too(副词)，以加强语气，只可起副词作用，在句中修饰形容词或副词。
It’s
much
too
expensive.太贵了。
You
walk(much)too
far
yesterday.昨天你散步走得太远了。
It’s
much
too
cold.太冷啦！
7.too…to结构表达的不同意义
①“too＋形容词／副词＋动词不
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定式”结构简称为“too...to”结构。这种结构是英语中常用的一种句型，在大多数情况下表示否定意义，在翻译时，通常可译为“太……而不能……”、“太……无法……”。
English
is
too
difficult
for
me
to
learn
well.
。
The
hat
is
too
large
to
wear.
。
②“too...to”不表示否定意义的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情况：too...to结构之前带有but,
only,
all,
never,
not时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作”非常……、十分……、实在……、真是太……”等；“too...to”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready,
eager,
satisfied,
kind,
willing,
easy,
anxious等加动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等。
I
am
but
too
glad
to
do
so.
。
Comrade
Lei
Feng
was
too
ready
to
help
others.
。
附录一：形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化：单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词未尾加-er,
-est
tall
taller
tallest
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st
nice
nicer
nicest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-est
big
bigger
biggest
"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est
busy
busier
busiest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est
clevernarrow
cleverernarrower
cleverestnarrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级
importanteasily
more
importantmore
easily
most
importantmost
easily
不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/ill
worse
worst
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
注意：many,
old和far比较级及最高级用法的区别
①如果后接名词时，much
more
+不可数名词，many
more
+可数名词复数。
②old有两种比较级和最高级形式:
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
older/oldest
和elder/eldest。elder，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
My
elder
brother
is
an
engineer.
Mary
is
the
eldest
of
the
three
sisters.
③far有两种比较级，farther
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，further..在英语中两者都可指距离。
在美语中，father表示距离，further表示进一步
I
have
nothing
further
to
say.
附录二：几组常见形容词、副词的区别
1.
effective,
efficient
effective侧重产生实际的效果、效力或具有取得预期效果的能力。
efficient侧重积极有效，效率高，效果好，节省精力。指人时，强调能干，有能力。
Aspirin
is
a
simple
but
highly
effective
treatment.
阿司匹林治疗方法简便，效果却非常显著。
They
provided
efficient
heating
equipment
for
people
in
the
city.
他们为这个城市的人提供高效的供暖设备。
2.
common,
usual,
normal,
ordinary,
regular
common表示“普通的，随时会发生或
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )随时可见的，共同的”，与rare“罕见的，珍稀的”相反；usual表示“customary”，即“惯常的，通常的，符合习惯的”；normal与norm(规范，标准)同源，意为“符合标准的，正常的，正规的”；ordinary与special(特殊的)相反，意为“普通的,一般的，不特殊的”；regular意为“有规律的，定期的，定时的”。
Yesterday
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
got
up
earlier
than
usual，for
it
was
not
an
ordinary
day
for
him.
昨天他比平时起得早,因为昨天对他来说是个不寻常的日子。
Don’t
tell
me
about
that！It
is
common
sense.
不要对我讲那个！那都是常识。
What
is
the
normal
body
temperature
正常体温是多少？
Trains
will
run
at
regular
intervals
from
11
a．m.to
4
p.m..
从上午11点到下午4点，火车运行的时间很规律。
3.
possible,
probable,
likely
(1)意义上的区别：
possible指客观上的可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；
probable比possible可能性大，表示“很可能，大概”，指有实际依据或逻辑上的
合情合理。
likely是从外表迹象进行判断，有可能发生某事。
It
is
possible,
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hough
not
probable,
that
he
will
come
tomorrow.
他明天可能来，但也不一定准会来。
The
probable
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
cause
of
his
failure
was
that
he
had
been
too
tired.
他失败的原因很可能是他太累了。
He
is
very
likely
to
give
me
a
ring
tonight.今晚他很可能给我打电话。
(2)句型上的不同：①It
is
possible/probable/likely＋that从句
②It
is
possible(for
sb.)to
do
sth.
③Sb./Sth.be
likely
to
do
sth.
4.
especially,
specially,
particularly
particularly独特地，特别地，侧重特点突出，与众不同。
specially专门地，特意地，针对目的，特地选择做某事。
especially特别是，尤其是,程度超常,鹤立鸡群，格外显眼。
The
rising
sun
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
especially
beautiful
to
look
at
from
this
angle.
旭日从这个角度看起来特别美。
I
made
this
specially
for
your
birthday.
这是我特意为你生日而做的。
Maxim
seems
to
be
particularly
fond
of
her.
马西姆似乎特别喜欢她。
5.
anyhow,
somehow,
somewhat
anyhow意为“无论如何，以任何方式”，相当于“anyway”，“at
any
rate”。
somehow意为“以某种方式”(in
some
way
or
other)或“由于某种原因”。
somewhat意为“从某种意义讲”，“有几分”，相当于“in
a
way，”“rather”，试比较：
It
may
rain，but
I
shall
go
out
anyhow.
天将下雨，但不管怎样我也要出去。
We
must
find
money
for
the
rent
somehow.
我们无论如何也要找到租金。
I
am
somewhat
tired
of
this
book.
我对这本书有点厌烦。2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题04形容词和副词
高考押题(解析版)
1.Nothing
lowe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs
the
level
of
the
conversation
_______
raising
the
voice.
A.
rather
than
B.
other
than
C.
more
than
D.
better
than
【答案】B
【解析】nothing...more
than意为“没有……比”。句意：没有什么能比提高嗓门更能降低谈话的水平的了。
2.Peace
is
_______
the
absence
of
war.
It
also
means
kindness
and
harmony.
A.
or
rather
B.
more
than
C.
at
best
D.
far
from
【答案】B
【解析】句意：和平不仅仅意味着没有战争，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )它还意味着友好与和谐。more
than
“不仅仅”。or
rather更确切地说；at
best充其量，至多；far
from远非。故选B项。
3.It
is
cons
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )idered
that
digital
TV
is
_______
to
satellite
TV
because
it
allows
the
same
service
to
be
delivered
with
clearer
pictures.
A.
better
B.
superior
C.
senior
D.
junior
【答案】B
【解析】superior
to优于，胜于。句意：人们认为数字电视优于卫星电视，因为数字电视传播的电视图像更清晰。所以选B。
4.In
less
tha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
4
decades,
we'll
live
longer
and
have
children
in
old
age.
This
shift
is
so
significant
that
it
is
_______
to
the
change
from
monkeys
to
humans.
A.
considera
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ble
B.
comparable
C.
predictable
D.
irresistible
【答案】B
【解析】considerab
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le相当大(或多)的，该注意的，应考虑的；comparable可比较的，比得上的；predictable可预见的，可预言的，可预报的，可预料的；irresistible不可抗拒，无法抗拒的，不可阻挡，诱惑人的，具有非常的魅力的。句意：在不到40年以后，我们的寿命将更长，上了年纪还能生孩子。这种变化是那么的重要以致于可以与猿类转化为人类相媲美。故选B项。
5.—The
car
is
small.
Is
it
safe
—Definitely.
Te
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sts
suggest
it
is
_______
safe
than
any
other
type
of
good
car.
A.
no
less
B.
not
less
C.
no
more
D.
not
more
【答案】A
【解析】no
less
…than：表示
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“和……一样”。no
more
(...)
than：no
more
(...)
than意为“同……一样不”，含有消极、否定的意思。than后面的从句在形式上是肯定的，在意义上却是否定的。该句型对比较双方，即than的前后两部分都给予否定。not
more
(...)
than意为“不比……更”，含有积极、肯定的意思。no
less
(...)
than和not
less
(...)
than之间存在着与no
more
(...)
than和not
more
(...)
than之间相类似的区别。句意：“这辆车很小，它安全吗？”“那是肯定的。测试表明它跟其它型号的好车一样安全。”根据题意选A。
6.—
I’ve had a bad cough recently.
—
Me too. I’ve never
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) experienced
_______
of air pollution in cities before.
A. an acute problem
B. a more acute problem
C. a most acute problem
D. the most acute problem
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词比较级表示最高级概念的用法
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。句意：在城市中，以前我从来没经历过(比这)更严重的空气污染问题。从never
,
before可以看出原来从来没有比这更严重的，本句中用形容词比较级表达的是最高级的概念，一个……的问题，用a，故B正确。
7.There
is
ple
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nty
of
food,
water
and
sunshine,
and
our
friends
are
living
there,
_______.
A.
warm
and
comfortable
B.
warmly
and
comfortably
C.
warm
and
comfortably
D.
warmly
and
comfortable
【答案】A
【解析】句意：那里有充足的食物、水和阳光，我们的朋友住在那里，无比温暖和舒适。形容词短语作状语，表示伴随情况。
8.—
Do
you
regret
paying
20,000
dollars
for
the
second-hand
car
—Not
a
bit.
I
think
it
deserves
_______.
A.
as
more
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )han
twice
many
B.
more
than
twice
as
much
C.
more
than
as
twice
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
much
D.
more
than
twice
as
many
【答案】B
【解析】在as...as...结构中，表示倍数的词或程度副词都放在第一个as之前。many修饰可数名词复数；much修饰不可数名词。故选B。句意：“为这辆二手车你花了20,000美元，你不觉得后悔吗？”“一点也不后悔。我认为这辆二手车的价值应该是这两倍多的价钱。”
9.
—I
dislike
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
live
in
cities
for
the
roads
are
narrow
and
they
are
always
crowded.
—Do
you
know
the
world’s
population
has
grown
to
_______
A.
more
than
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
six
times
what
it
was
in
1800
B.
six
times
more
as
what
it
was
in
1800
C.
more
than
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
six
times
large
as
it
was
in
1800
D.
more
than
six
times
as
large
as
in
1800
【答案】A
【解析】这里的倍数结构为：倍数+
what+
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语+谓语，more
than修饰倍数，放在倍数之前，选A。句意：“我不喜欢住在城市里，因为道路狭窄，总是拥挤不堪。”“你知道吗，目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到那时的六倍多。”本句还有其它表达方法：more
than
six
times
as
large
as
what
it
was
in
1800或more
than
six
times
as
large
as
that
in
1800。
10.He
would
be
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______
university
now
had
he
not
addicted
himself
to
too
many
computer
games
when
young.
A.
the
better
B.
a
better
C.
a
good
D.
the
best
【答案】B
【解析】本句中用的是虚拟语气，隐含着
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )将现实情况与虚拟情况相比较，所以用比较级，故选C。句意：如果小的时候不让自己如此地沉迷电脑的话，他现在就会上更好的大学了。
11.You
needn’
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
be
too
concerned
about
what
to
wear
to
the
party—it’s
all
_______
anyway,
because
you
haven’t
even
been
invited
yet.
A.
academic
B.
painful
C.
physical
D.
economical
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你不必为穿什
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )么去参加派对而过于担心啦——这都是空谈，因为你并没有受到邀请啊。academic学术上的，学理上的，空谈的，非实用的。故选A。painful痛苦的；physical身体的；ecomonical经济的。
12.The
crowd,
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hich
had
been
_______
for
the
first
half
of
the
race,
had
now
grown
considerably.
A.
big
B.
thin
C.
silent
D.
excited
【答案】B
【解析】thin熟词生义：指(人群、观
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )众)稀少的，稀疏的。句意：比赛前半段观众还稀稀拉拉的，现在明显增多了。big
大的，量大的；silent沉默的，不出声的；excited令人激动的。
13.I
think
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f
my
countless
failures
and
how
they’ve
contributed _______ to
making
me
what
I
am
nowadays.
A.
regularly
B.
considerably
C.
equally
D.
deliberately
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我想到了我曾经所经历的无数次的失败，它们对我今天所取得的成就有相当大的贡献。
considerably“相当大地(多地)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”。regularly定期地，有规律地；equally平等地；deliberately故意地。故选B项。
14.—Your
car
should
be
ready
next
Tuesday.
—We
were
_______
hoping
you’d
be
able
to
do
it
by
this
Friday.
A.
still
B.
rather
C.
always
D.
even
【答案】B
【解析】句意：“你的车应该是下周二就可以
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )准备好。”“我们倒是希望你能在本周五之前做好这件事。”rather宁可，宁愿，相当，倒是。例如：We
were
rather
hoping
that
you
could
stay
for
supper.我们倒是希望你留下来吃晚饭。still还是，仍然，更，静止地；
always永远，总是，一直，常常。
15.Miss
White
was
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______
customer
here
until
the
supermarket
next
door
opened
a
couple
of
weeks
ago.
A.
common
B.
typical
C.
normal
D.
regular
【答案】D
【解析】句意：怀特女士是这里的老主顾，直
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到隔壁的超市几个周之前开业。typical典型的，有代表性的；normal正常的，正规的，标准的；regular定期的，定时的；common指为许多人或事物所共同具备因而常见。故D正确。
16.We
work
durin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
the
week,
but
weekends
and
evenings
are
usually
_______.
A.
vacant
B.
casual
C.
empty
D.
clear
【答案】D
【解析】vacant(侧重
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“没被占用的”)空缺的，茫然的，空虚的；casual随便的，偶然的，非正式的，临时的；empty主要侧重“空间不拥挤、有空余的”或者包袋等“没有装东西的”；clear除了基本的意义(明确的，清澈的，清楚的，明白的，清晰的等等)以外，该词还有“安详的，宁静的，无负担的”等意义，本句中该词转义为“清闲”。故选D。句意：我们工作日上班忙于工作，但周末和每天晚上常常很清闲。
17.People’s
aware
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ness
of
obeying
the
law
is
_______
to
the
guarantee
of
food
safety.
A.
sensitive
B.
superior
C.
loyal
D.
crucial
【答案】D
【解析】be
sensiti
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve
to对……敏感的；be
superior
to优于……，胜过……，比……更优越；be
loyal
to对……忠诚的；be
crucial
to对……至关重要的。句意：人们遵纪守法的意识对于食品的安全保障非常重要。故选D。
18.Tobacco
us
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
is
_______
for
5
million
or
12%
of
all
deaths
of
adults
above
the
age
of
30
globally
each
year.
A.
stubborn
B.
permanent
C.
accessible
D.
responsible
【答案】D
【解析】stubborn顽固的；p
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ermanent永久的；accessible可进入的，可接近的；responsible负责任的，有责任的，be
responsible
for
对……负责任；句意：吸烟应对全球每年五百万或百分之五的三十岁以上成年人的死亡负责。
19.I
really
appreciate
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
your
help.
_______,
I
would
not
have
been
able
to
complete
the
project
in
such
a
short
period.
A.
However
B.
Therefore
C.
Meanwhile
D.
Otherwise
【答案】D
【解析】Otherwis
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e=Without
your
help。注意，后面的句子用了虚拟语气。句意：我真得要感激你的帮助。否则的话，我是不可能在如此短的时间内完成这个项目的。
20.Some
people
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
have
no
respect
for
the
speed
limit and
_______
are
punished.
A.
consequently
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
continuously
C.
constantly
D.
consistently
【答案】A
【解析】句意：有些人全然不顾限速的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )规定，结果受到处罚。consequently
因此；continuously
连续不断地，与
constantly
相近；consistently
一贯的。故选A项。
21.Learning
from
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
_______
mistakes
can
help
us
keep
conscious
and
avoid
repeating
them
in
the
days
to
come.
A.
previous
B.
curious
C.
obvious
D.
ridiculous
【答案】A
【解析】previous以前的，先前的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；curious好奇的，奇妙的，好求知的；obvious明显的，显著的；ridiculous可笑的，荒谬的，荒唐的。句意：向以前的错误学习可以帮助我们保持清醒的头脑，避免将来重蹈覆辙。
22.—Will
Mr.
Smith
come
here
on
time
—We
cannot
guarantee
the
_______
arrival
of
trains
in
foggy
weather.
A.
punctual
B.
eventual
C.
actual
D.
natural
【答案】A
【解析】句意：“史密斯先生会准时到达这儿吗？”“我们不能保证雾天火车会准时到达。”punctual守
时的，准时的；eventual最后的，最终的；actual真实的，实际的；natural自然的，天生的。故选A项。
23.She
has
a
_______
grasp
of
all
the
subjects,
which
helps
her
stand
out
in
her
class
.
A.
comprehensi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve
B.
confidential
C.
conservative
D.
compulsory
【答案】A
【解析】句意：所有科目她都学得很好，这有
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )助于她在班上脱颖而出。comprehensive“全面的”。confidential机密的；conservative保守的；compulsory义务的，强制性的。故选A项。
24.As
we
all
know,
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
Internet
is
becoming
_______
important
in
our
daily
life.
A.
steadily
B.
increasingly
C.
instantly
D.
naturally
【答案】B
【解析】句意：众所周知，互联网在我
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们的生活中变得越来越重要。steadily稳定地；increasingly不断增长地；越来越……地；instantly立刻；naturally自然地。所以选择B。
25.—The
difficult
maths
problem
has
been
solved
by
Tom
at
last.
—Indeed;
and
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
_______
way
Tom
worked
out
the
problem
impressed
the
teacher
deeply.
A.
outstanding
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
unique
C.
particular
D.
strange
【答案】C
【解析】句意：“那道数学难题终于让汤姆解决了
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。”“的确是的。汤姆独特的解决问题的方法给老师留下了深刻的印象。”outstanding杰出的；unique独一无二的；particular特别，尤其；strange奇怪的。根据题意可知选C项。
26.High
expectati
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ons
in
finding
jobs
make
young
people
_______
miss
job
interviews
and
turn
down
offers.
A.
naturally
B.
completely
C.
formally
D.
frequently
【答案】D
【解析】naturally自然地；c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ompletely完全地；formally正常地；frequently频繁地。根据语境，选项D符合语境。句意：高就业期望值使得年轻人频繁地错失面试的机会并且常常违约。故选D。
27.I
want
to
book
a
one-bed
room.
Do
you
have
any
_______
A.
available
B.
convenient
C.
possible
D.
acceptable
【答案】A
【解析】available
可获得的，可利用
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的；convenient便利的，方便的，一般用于句型It
is
convenient...；possible可能的，一般用于
It
is
possible
that.../
It
is
possible
to
do...；acceptable可接受的。句意：我想预定一个单人房间，你们有吗？故选A。
28.The
carbon
con
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tent
of
steel
largely
determines
its
usefulness
for
_______
applications.
A.
typical
B.
tough
C.
fantastic
D.
specific
【答案】D
【解析】句意：钢的碳含量(的多少)很
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )大程度上决定了它具体的用途。typical典型的；tough艰苦的；fantastic较好的，很大的；specific明确的，具体的。故选D。
29.John
had
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )planned
to
make
a
compromise,
but
_______
he
changed
his
mind
at
the
last
minute.
A.
anyhow
B.
otherwise
C.
therefore
D.
somehow
【答案】D
【解析】句意：约翰打算妥协的，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )但是不知道什么缘故，在最后几分钟，他改变了主意。anyhow无论如何；otherwise否则；therefore因此；somehow不知道什么缘故。故选D项。
30.Many
young
people
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
are
only
ready
to
chat
via
the
Internet,
but
somewhat
_______
to
communicate
face
to
face.
A.
desperate
B.
reluctant
C.
voluntary
D.
anxious
【答案】B
【解析】desperate绝望的；re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )luctant不情愿的，勉强的；voluntary志愿的，自愿的，自发的；anxious焦急的，渴望的，令人焦虑的。句意：许多年轻人只愿意通过互联网聊天，而对于面对面交流却有点勉强。2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题04形容词和副词
考点聚焦(教师版)
近年高考英语单项选择题已经很少涉及
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对下列内容的考查：形容词、副词的基本语法功能及其位置，比较级最高级的修饰语(以上全国课标卷常常放在短文改错、语法填空中考查，江苏卷放在任务型阅读项目中考查)。而冠词与比较级最高级的连用情况常常放在冠词用法中去考查(比如2015高考英语陕西卷：_______more
learned
a
man
is,
_______
more
modest
he
usually
becomes.句意：一个人越是有学问，通常他就越是谦虚，使用the
+比较级+主谓，the
+比较级+主谓的句型，所以选A.
The
;
the。)。因此形容词和副词的考点主要有：特殊用法(句式或短语)、形容词(短语)作状语、级别(同级或不同级)的比较和倍数比较以及形似、义似形容词和副词在具体语境下的辨析(在语境中恰切含义、固定搭配以及某些副词在句中表示的逻辑意义)等。
考点1
特殊用法(句式或短语)
①The
result
is
not
ver
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
important
to
us,
but
if
we
do
win,
then
so
much
_______.
A.
the
best
B.
best
C.
better
D.
the
better
【答案与解析】D。貌似考查比较等级，实际上就
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是考查固定搭配。so
much
the
better意为“甚至更好，那就更好了”，大多是与if从句一起出现。句意：结果对我们来说并不重要，但是如果我们确实赢了，那就更好了。
②There
are
a
small
n
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )umber
of
people
involved,
possibly
_______
twenty.
A.
as
few
as
B.
as
little
as
C.
as
many
as
D.
as
much
as
【答案与解析】A。句意：有一小部分人被牵涉其
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中，可能只有20人那么多。as
few
as意为“尽可能少的”，后接可数名词；as
little
as意为“尽可能少”，后接不可数名词；as
many
as和as
much
as均意为“多达，和……一样多”。根据前面的“a
small
number
of”可知，此处应用as
few
as，故答案选A。
③(2016高考英语浙江卷)I
have
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )always
enjoyed
all
the
events
you
organized
and
I
hope
to
attend
_______
in
the
coming
years
A.
little
more
B.
no
more
C.
much
more
D.
many
more
【答案与解析】D。句意：我
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动，并且希望在未来的几年里参加更多的活动。little
more
(than)只不过；no
more不再；much
more多得多(修饰不可数名词)；many
more更多(修饰可数名词)。这里是用来修饰activities，只不过“activities”承上文省略了而已。故选D。
④It
took
_______
build
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing
supplies
to
construct
these
energy-saving
houses.
It
took
brains,
too.
A.
other
than
B.
more
than
C.
rather
than
D.
less
than
【答案与解析】B。句意：建造这些节能房屋需要
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的不仅仅是建筑材料，还需要智慧。other
than
除……之外，不同于，非；rather
than
而不是；less
than不足、少于；more
than多于，不仅仅，不限于。选B符合。
⑤I
make
$2,000
a
week.
60
surely
won’t
make
_______
difference
to
me.
A.
that
a
big
B.
a
that
big
C.
big
a
that
D.
that
big
a
【答案与解析】D。副词that表示“那么…
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )…”修饰形容词的固定短语为：that
+
adj.+
a(an)+
n.，相当于so及how的用法，即that(so/
how)big
a
difference。句意：我一个星期挣2,000
美元，60美元肯定不会对我有那么大的影响的。故选D。
⑥We
only
had
$100
and
that
was
_______
to
buy
a
new
computer.
A.
nowhere
near
enough
B.
near
enough
nowhere
C.
enough
near
nowhere
D.
near
nowhere
enough
【答案与解析】A。nowhere
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
near是固定短语，意思是“差得远；远不及”，相当于一个形容词，enough做副词用，修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在被修饰词的后面。句意：我们只有100美元，怎么也不够买一台新电脑的。
⑦In
ancient
time
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s,
people
rarely
travelled
long
distances
and
most
farmers
only
travelled
_______
the
local
market.
A.
longer
than
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
more
than
C.
as
much
as
D.
as
far
as
【答案与解析】D。longer
than
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )比……更长；more
than多于，超出，不仅仅；as
much
as多达；as
far
as远到(至)……。句意：在古代，人们很少出远门，大多数农民再远也就是到当地的集市逛逛而已。
⑧Mr.
Stevenson
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
is
great
to
work
for—I
really
couldn’t
ask
for
a
_______
boss.
A.
better
B.
good
C.
best
D.
still
better
【答案与解析】A。“否定词+比较级”表示最高级的肯定意义。句意：为史蒂文森先生工作真棒，我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。
⑨—How
are
your
recent
trip
to
Sichuan
—I’ve
never
had
_______
one
before.
A.
a
pleasant
B.
a
more
pleasant
C.
a
most
pleasant
D.
the
most
pleasant
【答案与解析】B。“否定词+比较级”
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示最高级的肯定意义。句意：“你最近去四川的旅行怎么样？”“我以前从未玩得这么开心过。”否定词never+比较级表示最高级的含义，表示这次四川之行是到目前为止玩得最开心的一次旅行，故答案为B。
⑩When
Mom
looked
back
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
on
the
early
days
of
their
marriage,
she
wondered
how
they
had
managed
with
_______
money.
A.
so
few
B.
such
few
C.
so
little
D.
such
little
【答案与解析】C。such+形容词+不可数
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词与so+形容词+不可数名词，两种结构完全一样，如何区分？其实，区别很简单，就看形容词的意义是什么。如果该结构中的形容词是表示数量多少的many,
much,
few,
little,
则用so。但是，当little
意为“小”的时候，用such,
such
little
children
这么小的孩子们。so
little
money这么少的钱。句意：当妈妈回忆他们结婚初期的时候，她不知道他们就那么一点点钱竟然就把日子度过来了。
考点2
形容词(短语)作状语
①After
the
long
journey,
the
three
of
them
went
back
home,
________.
A.
hungry
and
tiredl
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
B.
hungry
and
tired
C.
hungrily
and
tiredly
D.
hungrily
and
tired
【答案与解析】B。句意：长途旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又累又饿。hungry
and
tired此处用作状语，说明主语的状语。
②_______
to
afford
the
time,
I
had
to
give
up
the
plan.
A.
Unluckily
B.
Anxiously
C.
Impossibly
D.
Unable
【答案与解析】D。形容词短语作状语表示原因。句意：由于耗不起时间，我不得不放弃这个计划。
③Knowing
the
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sult
of
the
exam,
he
went
home
and
lay
in
bed,
_______.
A.
upset
B.
was
upset
C.
felt
upset
D.
and
upset
【答案与解析】A。句意：知道考试的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结果，他回到家，躺在床上，很难过。因为那个upset是形容词描述he的状态，形容词在句子后面作伴随状语，描述状态，选A。
考点3
级别(同级或不同级)的比较和倍数比较
①Tony
can
hardly
boil
an
egg,
still
_______
cook
dinner.
A.
less
B.
little
C.
much
D.
more
【答案与解析】A。句意：托尼几乎不会煮鸡蛋，做饭就更少了。“做饭”与“煮蛋”比较，用比较级。句意：托尼连煮鸡蛋几乎都不会，更不用说做饭了。
②It
may
not
be
a
gr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eat
suggestion.
But
before
_______
is
put
forward,
we’ll
make
do
with
it.
A.
a
good
one
B.
a
better
one
C.
the
best
one
D.
a
best
one
【答案与解析】B。句意：它或许不是
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个很好的建议。但是在有更好的建议提出前，我们还得将就一下。短语make
do
with意为“勉强对付，凑合着用”。所以，本题将还未提出的建议与现有的建议进行对比，应该用形容词比较级a
better
one。
③I
think
watchi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
TV
every
evening
is
a
waste
of
time—there
are
_______
meaningful
things
to
do.
A.
less
B.
more
C.
the
least
D.
the
most
【答案与解析】B。根据句意“我认为看电视就是浪费时间，因为还有(比看电视)更有意义的事情要做”说明含有比较，故选比较级more。
④This
is
by
far
_______
movie
that
I
have
ever
seen.
A.
an
inspiring
B.
a
much
inspiring
C.
the
most
inspiring
D.
the
more
inspiring
【答案与解析】C。by
far意为“非常”
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级或最高级，由此可知A，B肯定不对。再根据定语从句的修饰，关键词为ever，“我曾经看过的”，自然是“最鼓舞人心的”，所以使用最高级。故选C。句意：这是迄今为止我所看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。
⑤Andy
is
content
with
the
toy.
It
is
_______
he
has
ever
got.
A.
a
better
B.
the
better
C.
a
best
D.
the
best
【答案与解析】D。根据上一句话可知，安迪对这个玩具很满意，故选择D。句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他拥有的最好的一个(玩具)。
⑥It’s
said
that
the
power
plant
is
now
_______
large
as
what
it
was.
A.
twice
as
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
as
twice
C.
twice
much
D.
much
twice
【答案与解析】A。考查倍数比较的句型。倍数+as…as…。句意：据说这家发电厂是它过去的两倍大。
⑦I
have
seldom
seen
my
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
mother
_______
pleased
with
my
progress
as
she
is
now.
A.
so
B.
very
C.
too
D.
rather
【答案与解析】A。该题考查的实际上是not
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )so(as)…as的同级比较结构：不像……那样，其中not用含有否定意义的seldom代替。句意：我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步感到如此的高兴。
⑧Next
to
biology,
I
like
physics
_______.
A
.better
B.
best
C.
the
better
D.
very
well
【答案与解析】B。隐含着
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在诸多科目中进行的比较。句意：除了生物，我最喜欢物理。隐含的意思是：在我所学的科目中，我最喜欢生物，其次就是物理。
考点4
形似、义似形容词和副词在具体语境下的辨析
①(2016高考英语江苏卷)His
comp
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rehensive
surveys
have
provided
the
most
_______
statements
of
how,
and
on
what
basis,
data
are
collected.
A.
explicit
B.
ambiguous
C.
original
D.
arbitrary
【答案与解析】A。explicit
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous
模棱两可的，含糊不清的；
original
原始的，最初的；arbitrary
任意的，专制的。句意：对于如何以及以什么为基础来收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最明晰的陈述。
②(2016高考英语浙江卷)A
sud
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )den
stop
can
be
a
very
frightening
experience,
_______
if
you
are
travelling
at
high
speed.
A.
eventually
B.
strangely
C.
merely
D.
especially
【答案与解析】D。eventually
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最终；strangely奇怪地；merely仅仅地；especially尤其地，特别地。句意：突然一停(突然刹车)可能是一次令人可怕的经历，尤其是如果你正在高速行驶时。
③(2016高考英语浙江卷)I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
this
article
,
you
need
to
back
up
general
statements
with
_______
examples.
A.
specific
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
permanent
C.
abstract
D.
universal
【答案与解析】A。句意：在这篇文章中，你需
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。specific具体，明确的；permanent永久的；abstract抽象的；universal全球的，共通的。故选A。
④The
police
officers
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
decided
to
conduct
a
thorough
and
_______
review
of
the
case.
A.
comprehensiv
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
B.
complicated
C.
conscious
D.
crucial
【答案与解析】A。句意：警方决定对这起案件
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )进行一次彻底全面的审查。comprehensive综合的，全面的，有理解力的；complicated复杂的；conscious有意识的；crucial至关重要的。故选A项。
⑤I’m
so
_______
to
all
those
volunteers
because
they
helped
my
terrible
day
end
happily.
A.
special
B.
superior
C.
grateful
D.
attractive
【答案与解析】C。句意：我对所有那
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )些志愿者非常感激，因为有了他们的帮助使我原本糟糕的一天终以快乐而结束。special特殊的；superior优秀的，比……好的；grateful感激的；attractive有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之愔，故选C项。
⑥Having
worked
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for
just
two
weeks,
he
is
_______
to
those
who
have
been
in
the
company
for
a
long
time.
A.
senior
B.
advanced
C.
junior
D.
former
【答案与解析】C。句意：他只工作了
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )两个星期，比起那些已经在公司里工作很长时间的人来说资历还浅。senior高级的，资历深的，年龄较大的；advanced高级的；junior
初级的，年级小的，年龄小的，资历浅的；former前者的。be
junior
to比……年少，比……资历浅。所以选C。
⑦Are
Senior
High
teachers
_______
to
Junior
High
teachers
A.
familiar
B.
different
C.
similar
D.
same
【答案与解析】C。句意：高中老师与初中老师类
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )似吗？familiar熟悉的；different不同的；similar相似的；same一样的，familiar与with搭配，different与from连用，same与as搭配，similar与to连用，故选C。
⑧It’s
high
time
you
had
your
hair
cut;
it’s
getting
_______.
A.
too
much
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
long
B.
much
too
long
C.
long
too
much
D.
too
long
much
【答案与解析】B。much
too
太
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，非常，修饰形容词。如：The
book
is
much
too
thick.
too
much
很多，修饰名词或充当名词来用。如：What
he
said
is
too
much
for
me.
There
is
too
much
water
in
the
basin.句意：是该你去理发的时候了，你的头发太长了。
⑨I
can’t
meet
you
on
Sunday.
I
will
be
_______
occupied.
A.
also
B.
just
C.
nevertheless
D.
otherwise
【答案与解析】D。also
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )也；just刚刚；nevertheless尽管如此；otherwise
否则，在不同方面。本句中“otherwise”意为“在不同方面”。They should have been working, but they were otherwise engaged. 他们本应该在工作，但他们正忙别的事。句意：在星期天我不能与你见面，我要忙别的事。故D正确。
⑩It’s
our
hope
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
we
will
play
a
greater
role
in
the
market
place
and,
_______,supply
more
jobs.
A.
however
B.
anywhere
C.
therefore
D.
otherwise
【答案与解析】C。however然而；an
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ywhere无论何处；therefore因此；otherwise否则，要不然；另外一方面；句意：我们的希望是，我们能在市场扮演更重要的角色，因而要提供更多的工作岗位。上下文之间是因果关系。故C正确。
What
a
terribl
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
experience!
_______,
you’re
safe
now
—
that’s
the
main
thing.
A.
Anyway
B.
Besides
C.
Otherwise
D.
Therefore
【答案与解析】A。anyway不管怎样；
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )besides而且；otherwise否则；therefore因此。根据句意“多么可怕的经历！不管怎么样，你现在平安无事了——那比什么都强。”可知答案为A。
Mike
was
usually
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
so
careful,
_______
this
time
he
made
a
small
mistake.
A.
yet
B.
.still
C.
even
D.
thus
【答案与解析】A。根据上文，应该表转折关系，用yet。句意：麦克通常是很小心的，然而(yet)
这次他犯了个小错误。still仍旧；even甚至；thus因此，均不符合语境，故排除。2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题04形容词和副词
考点聚焦(学生版)
近年高考英语单项选择题已经很少涉及对下
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )列内容的考查：形容词、副词的基本语法功能及其位置，比较级最高级的修饰语(以上全国课标卷常常放在短文改错、语法填空中考查，江苏卷放在任务型阅读项目中考查)。而冠词与比较级最高级的连用情况常常放在冠词用法中去考查(比如2015高考英语陕西卷：_______more
learned
a
man
is,
_______
more
modest
he
usually
becomes.句意：一个人越是有学问，通常他就越是谦虚，使用the
+比较级+主谓，the
+比较级+主谓的句型，所以选A.
The
;
the。)。因此形容词和副词的考点主要有：特殊用法(句式或短语)、形容词(短语)作状语、级别(同级或不同级)的比较和倍数比较以及形似、义似形容词和副词在具体语境下的辨析(在语境中恰切含义、固定搭配以及某些副词在句中表示的逻辑意义)等。
考点1
特殊用法(句式或短语)
①The
result
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is
not
very
important
to
us,
but
if
we
do
win,
then
so
much
_______.
A.
the
best
B.
best
C.
better
D.
the
better
【答案与解析】
②There
are
a
small
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )number
of
people
involved,
possibly
_______
twenty.
A.
as
few
as
B.
as
little
as
C.
as
many
as
D.
as
much
as
【答案与解析】
③(2016高考英语浙江卷)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I
have
always
enjoyed
all
the
events
you
organized
and
I
hope
to
attend
_______
in
the
coming
years
A.
little
more
B.
no
more
C.
much
more
D.
many
more
【答案与解析】
④It
took
_______
building
supplies
to
construct
these
energy-saving
houses.
It
took
brains,
too.
A.
other
tha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
B.
more
than
C.
rather
than
D.
less
than
【答案与解析】
⑤I
make
$2,000
a
week.
60
surely
won’t
make
_______
difference
to
me.
A.
that
a
big
B.
a
that
big
C.
big
a
that
D.
that
big
a
【答案与解析】
⑥We
only
had
$100
and
that
was
_______
to
buy
a
new
computer.
A.
nowhere
near
enough
B.
near
enough
nowhere
C.
enough
near
nowhere
D.
near
nowhere
enough
【答案与解析】
⑦In
ancient
times,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )people
rarely
travelled
long
distances
and
most
farmers
only
travelled
_______
the
local
market.
A.
longer
than
B.
more
than
C.
as
much
as
D.
as
far
as
【答案与解析】
⑧Mr.
Stevenso
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
is
great
to
work
for—I
really
couldn’t
ask
for
a
_______
boss.
A.
better
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
good
C.
best
D.
still
better
【答案与解析】
⑨—How
are
your
recent
trip
to
Sichuan
—I’ve
never
had
_______
one
before.
A.
a
pleasant
B.
a
more
pleasant
C.
a
most
pleasant
D.
the
most
pleasant
【答案与解析】
⑩When
Mom
looked
back
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
on
the
early
days
of
their
marriage,
she
wondered
how
they
had
managed
with
_______
money.
A.
so
few
B.
such
few
C.
so
little
D.
such
little
【答案与解析】
考点2
形容词(短语)作状语
①After
the
long
journey,
the
three
of
them
went
back
home,
________.
A.
hungry
and
tiredly
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
hungry
and
tired
C.
hungrily
and
tiredly
D.
hungrily
and
tired
【答案与解析】
②_______
to
afford
the
time,
I
had
to
give
up
the
plan.
A.
Unluckily
B.
Anxiously
C.
Impossibly
D.
Unable
【答案与解析】
③Knowing
the
result
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f
the
exam,
he
went
home
and
lay
in
bed,
_______.
A.
upset
B.
was
upset
C.
felt
upset
D.
and
upset
【答案与解析】
考点3
级别(同级或不同级)的比较和倍数比较
①Tony
can
hardly
boil
an
egg,
still
_______
cook
dinner.
A.
less
B.
little
C.
much
D.
more
【答案与解析】
②It
may
not
be
a
g
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reat
suggestion.
But
before
_______
is
put
forward,
we’ll
make
do
with
it.
A.
a
good
one
B.
a
better
one
C.
the
best
one
D.
a
best
one
【答案与解析】
③I
think
watc
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hing
TV
every
evening
is
a
waste
of
time—there
are
_______
meaningful
things
to
do.
A.
less
B.
more
C.
the
least
D.
the
most
【答案与解析】
④This
is
by
far
_______
movie
that
I
have
ever
seen.
A.
an
inspiring
B.
a
much
inspiring
C.
the
most
inspiring
D.
the
more
inspiring
【答案与解析】
⑤Andy
is
content
with
the
toy.
It
is
_______
he
has
ever
got.
A.
a
better
B.
the
better
C.
a
best
D.
the
best
【答案与解析】
⑥It’s
said
that
the
power
plant
is
now
_______
large
as
what
it
was.
A.
twice
as
B.
as
twice
C.
twice
much
D.
much
twice
【答案与解析】
⑦I
have
seldom
seen
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
my
mother
_______
pleased
with
my
progress
as
she
is
now.
A.
so
B.
very
C.
too
D.
rather
【答案与解析】
⑧Next
to
biology,
I
like
physics
_______.
A
.better
B.
best
C.
the
better
D.
very
well
【答案与解析】
考点4
形似、义似形容词和副词在具体语境下的辨析
①(2016高考英语江苏卷)His
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
comprehensive
surveys
have
provided
the
most
_______
statements
of
how,
and
on
what
basis,
data
are
collected.
A.
explicit
B.
ambiguous
C.
original
D.
arbitrary
【答案与解析】
②(2016高考英语浙江卷)A
sudd
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en
stop
can
be
a
very
frightening
experience,
_______
if
you
are
travelling
at
high
speed.
A.
eventually
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
strangely
C.
merely
D.
especially
【答案与解析】
③(2016高考英语浙江卷)I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
this
article
,
you
need
to
back
up
general
statements
with
_______
examples.
A.
specific
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
permanent
C.
abstract
D.
universal
【答案与解析】
④The
police
officers
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecided
to
conduct
a
thorough
and
_______
review
of
the
case.
A.
comprehensive
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
complicated
C.
conscious
D.
crucial
【答案与解析】
⑤I’m
so
_______
to
all
those
volunteers
because
they
helped
my
terrible
day
end
happily.
A.
special
B.
superior
C.
grateful
D.
attractive
【答案与解析】
⑥Having
worked
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or
just
two
weeks,
he
is
_______
to
those
who
have
been
in
the
company
for
a
long
time.
A.
senior
B.
advanced
C.
junior
D.
former
【答案与解析】
⑦Are
Senior
High
teachers
_______
to
Junior
High
teachers
A.
familiar
B.
different
C.
similar
D.
same
【答案与解析】
⑧It’s
high
time
you
had
your
hair
cut;
it’s
getting
_______.
A.
too
much
lon
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
B.
much
too
long
C.
long
too
much
D.
too
long
much
【答案与解析】
⑨I
can’t
meet
you
on
Sunday.
I
will
be
_______
occupied.
A.
also
B.
just
C.
nevertheless
D.
otherwise
【答案与解析】
⑩It’s
our
hope
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
we
will
play
a
greater
role
in
the
market
place
and,
_______,supply
more
jobs.
A.
however
B.
anywhere
C.
therefore
D.
otherwise
【答案与解析】
What
a
terrible
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )experience!
_______,
you’re
safe
now
—
that’s
the
main
thing.
A.
Anyway
B.
Besides
C.
Otherwise
D.
Therefore
【答案与解析】
Mike
was
usual
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly
so
careful,
_______
this
time
he
made
a
small
mistake.
A.
yet
B.
.still
C.
even
D.
thus
【答案与解析】2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题04形容词和副词
知识精讲(教师版)
一、形容词和副词的基本用法
(一)形容词在句中的作用
1.形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语
①形容词作定语时的位置问题：通常放置被修饰的名词前，但是下列情况需后置：
▲形容词短语作定语
This
is
a
language
difficult
to
master.这是一门难以掌握的语言。
In
the
distance
there
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is
a
leaning
tower
about
180
feet
high.远处有一座180英尺的斜塔。
He
is
a
student
worth
of
praise.他是个值得表扬的学生。
▲表语形容词(参考下列3)作定语
He
is
indeed
a
Lei
Feng
alive.他真是个活雷锋。
▲形容词修饰不定代词
Someone
strange
is
asking
to
see
you.有个陌生人要见你。
Something
unexpected
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )happened
and
we
had
to
make
some
changes
to
our
plan.
发生了一些意想不到的事情，我们不得不对我们的计划做些改变。
▲else修饰疑问代词和不定代词
No
one
else
can
answer
the
question.
其他没有人能回答这个问题。
What
else
do
you
want
to
say
你想还说点什么？
②多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途(熟记下列顺口溜：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠)。
It’s
a
_______
clock,
made
of
brass
and
dating
from
the
nineteenth
century.
A.
charming
French
small
B.
French
small
charming
C.
small
French
charming
D.
charming
small
French
【答案与解析】D。考查多个形容词作定语排列的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )顺序。最后一个形容词表示的肯定是产地，所以选D。句意：这是一只小巧迷人的法国时钟，用黄铜制造，它的历史要追溯到19世纪。
2.形容词在句中也可作状语，用来表示主语所处的状态
①形容词(短语)置于句首常作原因状语
Helpless,
we
watched
our
home
destroyed
before
our
eyes.
我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。
Afraid
of
being
caught,
the
thief
hid
himself
under
a
bed.
因为害怕被抓，这个小偷藏在床下面。
②形容词(短语)置于句末常作伴随状语或方式状语
He
was
lying
in
bed,
dead.他躺在床上，死了。
He
spent
7
days
in
the
wind
and
snow,
cold
and
hungry.
他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )又饿。
She
stared
into
the
distance,
speechless
for
a
long
time.
她盯着远处看，好长时间不讲话。
3.alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语
He
is
an
ill
man.(错)
He
is
a
sick
man或The
man
is
ill.(对)
She
is
an
afraid
girl.(错)
The
girl
is
afraid.(对)
4.two year ol
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d/200 metre long/one thousand word等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只用作前置定语
Tom
is
a
twelve-year-old
boy.汤姆是个十二岁的男孩。
附录：复合形容词的构成：
▲形容词+形容词：red-hot炽热的/dark-blue深蓝的
▲形容词+现在分词：good-looking好看的/easy-going随和的
▲副词+现在分词：hard-working勤劳的/fast-moving快速转动的
▲副词+过去分词：hard-won得来不易的/newly-made新建的
▲名词+形容词：life-long终生的/world-famous世界闻名的
▲名词+现在分词：peace-loving爱好和平的/fun-loving爱开玩笑的
▲名词+过去分词：snow-covered白雪覆盖的/hand-made手工的
▲形容词+名词-ed：kind-hearted好心的/white-haired白发的
▲数词+名词
+
ed：four-storeyed
4层楼的/three-legged
3条腿的
▲数词+名词(名词用单数)：ten-year
10年的/two-man两人的
(二)副词在句中的作用
1.副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子
Obviously
you
are
wrong.很显然，你错了。
注意：某些副词也可以作定语、表语或宾语补足语
On
our
way
home,
we
saw
a
traffic
accident.在回家的路上，我们目睹了一起交通事故。
Sorry,
Mr.
Smith
isn’t
in.
He
is
out.抱歉，史密斯先生不在，他出去了。
I
saw
you
out
with
Mr.
White
yesterday
morning.昨天早上我看到你和史密斯先生出去了。
2.enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置
When they reached
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the burning building they found that their ladders were not long enough to reach the people who were trapped. 当他们靠近烈火熊熊的大楼时，他们发现梯子不够长，够不着那些被火围困的人。
3.几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间
We
had
a
good
time
together
outdoors
last
Sunday.
上星期日我们一起在户外玩得很愉快。
二、形容词和副词的比较等级的用法
形容词、副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级，其构成形式参看本专题最后的附录。
(一)原级比较
1.as＋形容词/副词原级＋as像……一样
I
study
as
hard
as
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
sister,
but
she
is
more
clever
than
me.我和姐姐学习一样努力，但是她比我更聪明。
2.as＋adj.＋a/an＋名词＋as像……一样的……
Henry
is
as
good
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
worker
as
Tom(is).=Henry
is
a
worker
as
good
as
Tom
(is).亨利和汤姆一样都是好工人。
3.as
much＋a/an＋名词＋as和……一样是……
It
is
generally
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elieved
that
teaching
is
as
much
an
art
as
it
is
a
science.
人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。
4.not
as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as...不如……那样……
This
building
looks
not
as/so
high
as
that
one.
这栋楼看上去不如那栋楼那样高。
注意：上述结构还可以形成含有
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )特殊意义的短语：as
much
as
+不可数名词(或表示重量、距离、温度等复数名词)：多达；as
many
as
+可数名词：多达；as
early
as：早在；as
far
as：远到，就……而知(论)；may
(might,
could)as
well：不妨、不如；as
…
as
can
be：到了最……的程度，极其；as
…
as
one
can：尽其所能；as
…
as
possible：尽可能。
The
speed
can
vary
by
as
much
as
15
per
cent.其速度的差别可高达15%。
I
have
as
many
as
sixteen
reference
books.我有多达16本的参考书。
As
early
as
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )twelfth
century
the
English
began
to
invade
the
island.
早在20世纪英国就开始入侵略了该岛屿。
As
far
as
I
know,
he
has
been
there
before.
就我所知，他以前没有到过那儿。
Then
you
might
as
well
stay
with
us
here.那么你不妨跟我们呆在这里。
They
are
as
unreliable
as
they
can
be.他们极其不可信。
He
ran
as
fast
as
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
could
hoping
to
catch
the
early
bus.他尽可能快跑希望能赶上早班公交车。
They
got
the
work
over
as
quickly
as
possible.他们尽快地结束了工作。
(二)比较级
1.表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构
This
picture
is
more
beautiful
than
that
one.这幅画比那幅画更美。
注意：▲比较对象的一致性
The
weather
in
China
is
different
from
__.
A.
in
America
B.
one
in
America
C.
America
D.
that
in
America
【答案与解析】D。句意：中国的天气
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )比美国热。比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。
▲比较对象的排他性：要避免将主语包含在比较对象中
(错)China
is
larger
than
any
country
in
Asia.(因为中国也属于亚洲)
(对)China
is
larger
than
any
other
countries
in
Asia.中国比亚洲的其他任何一个国家都大。
▲比较对象的隐蔽性：有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象
If
there
were
no
examinations,
we
should
have
_______
at
school.
A.
the
happiest
time
B.
a
more
happier
time
C.
much
happiest
time
D.
a
much
happier
time
【答案与解析】D。本题将比较的对象隐藏在虚拟条件句中，即：与没有考试的时候相比。本题答案选D。
I
don’t
think
this
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
film
is
by
far
the
most
boring.
I
have
seen
_______.
A.
better
B.
worse
C.
the
best
D.
the
worst
【答案与解析】B。由前文
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“我认为这部电影不是最没趣的”可知，“我看过(比这部)更差的电影”，省略了than
this
one。本题答案是B。
It
takes
a
lo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
time
to
go
there
by
sea;
it’s
_______
by
plane.
A.
quick
B.
the
quickest
C.
much
quick
D.
quicker
【答案与解析】D。由语境可知，句末承前省略了than
by
sea，用比较级。本题答案是D。
2.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构
This
room
is
less
beautiful
than
that
one.这个房间不及那个房间漂亮。
3.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )量加深时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even,
a
lot,
a
bit,
a
little,
still,
much,
far,
yet等修饰；
He
works
even
harder
than
before.他甚至比以前更加努力工作。
4.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the
+比较级(主语+谓语)，the
+比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)；
The
harder
he
works,
the
happier
he
feels.
他越是努力工作，他越是感到快乐。
5.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+
and+比较级”的结构；
The
weather
is
getting
colder
and
colder.天气变得越来越冷。
The
girl
becomes
more
and
more
beautiful.这个女孩变得越来越漂亮。
6.比较级表达最高级含义
①“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级的含义
Your
story
is
perfect；I've
never
heard
a
better
one
before。
你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听到比这更好听的故事。
This
could
give
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
no
greater
pleasure.这使她再高兴不过了。
There’s
nothing
cheaper.这东西再便宜不过了。
There
is
no
greate
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
love
than
that
of
a
man
who
lays
down
his
life
for
his
friends.
为朋友而放弃生命的爱是最伟大的爱。
注意：反过来用肯定形式表示否定意义。这种用法主要见于：
▲know
better
than+不定式。这种结构意为“不至于”
You
have
a
better
command
of
French
than
to
make
such
mistakes.
你的法语较好，不至于犯这样的错误。
He
is
more
experienced
than
to
do
such
a
thing.
他比较有经验，不至于做这样的事。
▲more
than…can。这种句型形式上是肯定，实际上有否定含义
The
boys
in
the
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )treet
have
become
very
insolent
and
it
is
more
than
flesh
and
blood
can
bear.
街上的那些男孩变得非常无礼，到了人所不能忍受的地步。
The
beauty
of
the
place
is
more
than
I
can
describe.那地方美得无法形容。
②比较级在以下几种句式中均表示最高级含义。
比较级＋than＋any
other＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all
the
other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋anyone
else
比较级＋than＋any
of
the
other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋the
rest
of＋复数名词或不可数名词
朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。
Julia
is
taller
than
any
other
girl
in
her
class.
Julia
is
taller
than
all
the
other
girls
in
her
class.
Julia
is
taller
than
any
of
the
other
girls
in
her
class.
Julia
is
taller
than
the
rest
of
girls
in
her
class.
Julia
is
the
tallest
girl
in
her
class.
7.原级表示比较
某些以-ior结尾的形容词本身就含有比
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )较意思，用to代替than。这些词有superior(较好的，优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)等；
①Beethoven
is
my
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
favorite
musician.
I
regard
him
_______
other
musicians.
A.
more
superior
to

B.
more
superior
than

C.
superior
to

D.
superior
than
【答案与解析】C。句意：
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )贝多芬是我最喜欢的音乐家，我认为他比其他音乐家优秀。be
superior
to“比……优秀”，superior本身有比较的含义，不能用比较级，选C。
②He
is
_______
me
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
position
in
the
company,
but
he
doesn’t
lift
up
his
horn(盛气凌人).
A.
junior
than
B.
senior
than
C.
junior
to
D.
senior
to
【答案与解析】D。句意：在公司里
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，他虽然职位比我高，但是从来都不盛气凌人。”be
senior
to
sb.是“地位比某人高”之意，符合语境；而be
junior
to是“地位比某人低”。
8.倍数表达法
①A
is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
②A
is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
③A
is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B
④the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of
A
is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
⑤A
is＋倍数＋(as…as)+what引导的名词性从句
长江是珠江的三倍长。
The
Yangtze
River
is
twice
longer
than
the
Pearl
River.
The
Yangtze
River
is
three
times
as
long
as
the
Pearl
River.
The
Yangtze
River
is
three
times
the
length
of
the
Pearl
River.
The
length
of
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
Yangtze
River
is
three
times
that
of
the
Pearl
River.
据报道现在这个村子是它十年前的四倍大。
It
is
report
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
that
the
village
is
now
four
times
as
large
as
what
it
was
ten
years
ago.
用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.
9.more
/less
than及其相关结构比较
①more
than＋具体数字=over：多于、超过……，more
than＋名词/动词/形容词/副词：不仅仅
He
spoke
English
more
than
two
years.(两年多)
China
Daily
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )more
than
a
newspaper
and
it
can
also
help
us
learn
English.
《中国日报》不仅仅是一份报纸，它还能够帮助我们学习英语。
②not
more
than：不超过……，顶多……=at
most
There
were
not
more
than
70
women
in
the
store
then.(不足70个女性)
③no
more
than：仅仅，只不过
The
theater
was
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
no
more
than
a
painted
barn.这戏院只不过是漆了油漆的库房而已(没什么大不了的)。
④less
than：少于、不足……
Their
car
broke
down
where
they
drove
less
than
five
miles.(不到五英里)
⑤not
less
than：……以上，至少……=at
least
He
has
not
less
than
200
dollars.(至少200美元)
⑥no
less
than：不会少于……，与……一样，简直就……
It
is
no
less
than
robbery
to
ask
me
for
so
much.要我这么多钱，简直跟抢劫没有两样。
⑦more…than…：与其……不如……
He
is
not
more
an
artist
than
a
philosopher.与其说他是位艺术家，不如说他是位哲学家。
⑧no＋比较级＋than：仅仅……，最多……，只不过……，和……一样不
The
officials
could
see
no
more
than
the
Emperor.官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。
He
is
no
more
a
good
player
than
I
am.他和我一样都不是好球员(他也好不到哪里去)。
⑨not
less…than：不比……少，不亚于……
She
is
not
less
charming
than
her
daughter.她跟她女儿一样有魅力。
⑩no
less…than：不会比……差，正如……一样”
A
dolphin
is
no
less
a
clever
animal
than
a
dog
is.海豚不会比狗笨吧！
(三)最高级
1.三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )度时，用“the
+形容词最高级或(the)+副词最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语
Zhang
Hua
is
the
tallest
of
the
three.张华是三个中最高的。
Of
all
the
boys
he
came(the)earliest.所有男孩中，他来得最早。
2.最高级可被序数词以及much、by
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )far、nearly、almost
、by
no
means、not
quite、not
really、nothing
like
等词语所修饰
Guangzhou
is
the
third
largest
city
in
China.广州是中国第三大的城市。
3.表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也没有比较级。
三、形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”
He
is
a
most
clever
young
policeman.(most=very)
The
film
is
most
interesting.(most=very)
③as+形容词+a+单数名词；
This
is
as
good
an
example
as
the
other
is.
④表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the
who
is
the
older
of
the
tow
boys
⑤在“the
+
比较级……，the
+
比较级……”结构中
⑥在same前一般要加the
⑦What
+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词=How+形容词+
a/an+单数可数名词
What
an
interest
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing
film(it
is)！=How
interesting
a
film
(it
is)!
多么有趣的一部电影啊！
⑧so和such的用法
so
+形容词/副词+ that
…
so
+
many/much/
little/few+名词+that
…
so
+形容词+
a(n)+单数可数名词+
that
…=such
+
a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词
+
that
…
such
+形容词+不可数名词+
that
…
such
+形容词+复数名词+
that
…
下列词组中为什么只能用so不可用such
so
much
progress、so
many
people、so
little
food、so
few
apples等。
因为名词受many,
much,
little,
few等表示“多或少”意义的词修饰。
These
are
such
little
boys
that
they
can’t
dress
themselves.
上句中such用得对不对？为什么？
(对)，因为little在这儿表示“小”，而不是表示“少”的意思。
下列so的用法是错误的：so
difficult
problems,
so
hot
weather
为什么？因为problems是复数，weather是不可数名词。
⑧有些形容词前加the
成为名词。如the
poor,
the
rich
等。
⑨so
much
the
better是英语中的一个固定表达形式，大多是与if从句一起出现，可以在口语中使用，也可以在书面语中使用。
If
you
can
finish
the
project
by
Friday,
it’s
so
much
the
better.
若你能在星期五之前完成这计划，那就更好。
四、连系动词与形容词
象get,
grow,
become,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
feel,
appear,
prove,
look,
keep,
smell,
taste,
sound,
go,
turn,
remain等这些动词既可以用作为实义动词又可以用作连系动词，因而要根据上下文语境判断究竟是什么性质的动动词才能正确解题。
玛丽悲伤地看了看父母亲而她的父母亲看上去也很悲伤。
Mary
looked
sadly
at
her
parents
while
her
parents
looked
sad,
too.
(第一个“look”为实义动词，第二个
“look”
为连系动词)
五、形容词、副词的辨析
1.下列单词虽以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词
deadly,friendly,lovely,likely,lonely,silly,lively,brotherly,weekly等。
2.有无ly的副词意义、用法有别
①意义用法不同
Someone
followed
me
close
behind
me.有人紧跟着我。
Everyone
felt
that
his
remarks
hit
close
to
home.他的话击中了要害。
Come
close
to
me
and
you’ll
listen
to
me
clearly.靠近我，你就会听清楚的。
These
two
topics
are
closely
related.这两个课题紧密相连。
(close修饰介词短语、closely修饰动词和过去分词)
He
hardly
worked
har
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
at
maths
so
he
could
not
pass
the
maths
examination.
他几乎没有努力学习数学，结果没有通过这次数学考试。
He
always
works
late
into
the
night.他总是工作到深夜。
Have
you
been
to
the
cinema
lately 你最近有没有看电影？
The
meeting
proceeded
in
a
most
friendly
atmosphere.会见在极其友好的气氛中进行。
The
present
wo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rld
situation
is
most
favorable
for
the
people.当前世界形势对人民非常有利。
They
are
mos
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tly
visiting
scientists.=
Most
of
them
are
visiting
scientists.
②具体和抽象的关系
They
buried
the
body
very
deep.
他们把尸体埋得很深。(具体)
His
words
deeply
moved
me.
他的话深深地打动了我。(抽象)
类似的词：high/highly,
wide/widely
3.形容词和副词相同形式
①意义不一
She
said
with
a
half
smile
to
me.她微笑着对我说。
Well
begun
is
half
done.良好的开端是成功的一半。
This
kind
of
material
feels
very
hard.这种材料摸上去很硬。
He
found
modern
art
very
hard
to
understand.他觉得现代艺术很难理解。
He
is
working
hard
at
maths.他在努力学习数学。
The
door
was
fast
shut.门紧闭着。
His
father
was
fast
asleep.他父亲睡得很香。
②意义基本相同
He
got
up
so
early
that
he
caught
the
early
bus.他起得早赶上了早班车。
What
you
need
is
a
sound
sleep.你所需要的是好好睡一觉。
His
father
was
sound
asleep.
他父亲睡得很香。
If
he
were
well,
he
would
do
the
work
well.
如果他身体好的话，他会把这项工作干好的。
4.搭配特别的形容词和副词
英语中有些形容词和副词与名词、动词、或另一形容词等的搭配与汉语不完全一样，在平时学习中通过运用要把它们掌握好。
特别注意下列有别于汉语的表达：
well
worth很值得
wide
awake很清醒
fast/sound
asleep睡得很香
largely
due
to…主要因为
greatly
respected/honored很受尊敬
rain/snow
hard/heavily下大雨(大雪)
large/small
population人口多(少)
heavy
traffic交通堵塞
5.体现两句间逻辑关系的连接性副词
anyhow/anyway“反正，不管怎样”，表示让步。
even
so“即便如此，即使这样”，表示条件关系。
or
rather“更确切地说”，表示进一步解释。
though用作副词时，常在句末，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折关系。
therefore“因此，所以”，表示结果。
meanwhile“与此同时，在此期间”，表示前后分句的动作同时发生。
moreover“另外”，besides“另外；还有”，表示承接关系或递进关系。
however“然而”，表示让步、转折，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
instead“相反”，表示前后分句意义相反。
①Progress
so
far
has
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
been
very
good.
_______,
we
are
sure
that
the
project
will
be
completed
on
time.
A.
However
B.
Otherwise
C.
Therefore
D.
Besides
【答案与解析】“一直进展良好”与“按时完工”是因果关系，用therefore。答案是C。
②The
hurricane
dama
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ged
many
houses
and
business
buildings;__
,
it
caused
20
deaths.
A.
or
else
B.
therefore
C.
after
all
D.
besides
【答案与解析】由前后语境不难确定
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，是要表示“此外，还有，而且”，用besides。其它选项不合语境：or
so大约；therefore因此；after
all毕竟。答案是D。
③Much
of
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )power
of
the
trade
unions
has
been
lost.
_
,
their
political
influence
should
be
very
great.
A.
As
a
result
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
As
usual
C.
Even
so
D.
So
far
【答案与解析】由前后的语意逻
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )辑可知，所填之词应是表示“即使如此”之意，用even
so。句意：工会已经失去很多权力了；即使这样，他们的政治影响还应当还是很大的。答案是C。
6.too
much和much
too的区别
①too
much的含义是“太多”，充当形容词用时，too是副词，用来修饰much，后接不可数名词。
I
have
too
much
homework
to
do.我有太多的家庭作业要做。
too
much充当副词用时，可用来修饰动词
Watching
TV
too
much
is
bad
for
your
health.看电视看得太多对你的健康有害。
too
much充当代词用时，后面不接名词，代替上下文提到的事物。
You
gave
me
too
much.你给我的太多了。
②much
too意为“太”，much(副词)用来修饰too(副词)，以加强语气，只可起副词作用，在句中修饰形容词或副词。
It’s
much
too
expensive.太贵了。
You
walk(much)too
far
yesterday.昨天你散步走得太远了。
It’s
much
too
cold.太冷啦！
7.too…to结构表达的不同意义
①“too＋形容词／副词＋动词不定式”
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结构简称为“too...to”结构。这种结构是英语中常用的一种句型，在大多数情况下表示否定意义，在翻译时，通常可译为“太……而不能……”、“太……无法……”。
English
is
too
difficult
for
me
to
learn
well.英语太难，我学不好。
The
hat
is
too
large
to
wear.这帽子太大，没法戴。
②“too...to”不表示否定意义的情况
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：too...to结构之前带有but,
only,
all,
never,
not时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作”非常……、十分……、实在……、真是太……”等；“too...to”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready,
eager,
satisfied,
kind,
willing,
easy,
anxious等加动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等。
I
am
but
too
glad
to
do
so.我非常喜欢这样做。
Comrade
Lei
Feng
was
too
ready
to
help
others.雷锋同志乐于助人。
附录一：形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化：单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词未尾加-er,
-est
tall
taller
tallest
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st
nice
nicer
nicest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-est
big
bigger
biggest
"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est
busy
busier
busiest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est
clevernarrow
cleverernarrower
cleverestnarrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级
importanteasily
more
importantmore
easily
most
importantmost
easily
不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/ill
worse
worst
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
注意：many,
old和far比较级及最高级用法的区别
①如果后接名词时，much
more
+不可数名词，many
more
+可数名词复数。
②old有两种比较级和最
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )高级形式:
older/oldest
和elder/eldest。elder，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
My
elder
brother
is
an
engineer.
Mary
is
the
eldest
of
the
three
sisters.
③far有两种比较级，farther，fur
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther..在英语中两者都可指距离。
在美语中，father表示距离，further表示进一步
I
have
nothing
further
to
say.
附录二：几组常见形容词、副词的区别
1.
effective,
efficient
effective侧重产生实际的效果、效力或具有取得预期效果的能力。
efficient侧重积极有效，效率高，效果好，节省精力。指人时，强调能干，有能力。
Aspirin
is
a
simple
but
highly
effective
treatment.
阿司匹林治疗方法简便，效果却非常显著。
They
provided
efficient
heating
equipment
for
people
in
the
city.
他们为这个城市的人提供高效的供暖设备。
2.
common,
usual,
normal,
ordinary,
regular
common表示“普通的，随时
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )会发生或随时可见的，共同的”，与rare“罕见的，珍稀的”相反；usual表示“customary”，即“惯常的，通常的，符合习惯的”；normal与norm(规范，标准)同源，意为“符合标准的，正常的，正规的”；ordinary与special(特殊的)相反，意为“普通的,一般的，不特殊的”；regular意为“有规律的，定期的，定时的”。
Yesterday
he
got
up
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )earlier
than
usual，for
it
was
not
an
ordinary
day
for
him.
昨天他比平时起得早,因为昨天对他来说是个不寻常的日子。
Don’t
tell
me
about
that！It
is
common
sense.
不要对我讲那个！那都是常识。
What
is
the
normal
body
temperature
正常体温是多少？
Trains
will
run
at
regular
intervals
from
11
a．m.to
4
p.m..
从上午11点到下午4点，火车运行的时间很规律。
3.
possible,
probable,
likely
(1)意义上的区别：
possible指客观上的可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；
probable比possible可能性大，表示“很可能，大概”，指有实际依据或逻辑上的
合情合理。
likely是从外表迹象进行判断，有可能发生某事。
It
is
possible,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )though
not
probable,
that
he
will
come
tomorrow.
他明天可能来，但也不一定准会来。
The
probable
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cause
of
his
failure
was
that
he
had
been
too
tired.
他失败的原因很可能是他太累了。
He
is
very
likely
to
give
me
a
ring
tonight.今晚他很可能给我打电话。
(2)句型上的不同：①It
is
possible/probable/likely＋that从句
②It
is
possible(for
sb.)to
do
sth.
③Sb./Sth.be
likely
to
do
sth.
4.
especially,
specially,
particularly
particularly独特地，特别地，侧重特点突出，与众不同。
specially专门地，特意地，针对目的，特地选择做某事。
especially特别是，尤其是,程度超常,鹤立鸡群，格外显眼。
The
rising
sun
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )especially
beautiful
to
look
at
from
this
angle.
旭日从这个角度看起来特别美。
I
made
this
specially
for
your
birthday.
这是我特意为你生日而做的。
Maxim
seems
to
be
particularly
fond
of
her.
马西姆似乎特别喜欢她。
5.
anyhow,
somehow,
somewhat
anyhow意为“无论如何，以任何方式”，相当于“anyway”，“at
any
rate”。
somehow意为“以某种方式”(in
some
way
or
other)或“由于某种原因”。
somewhat意为“从某种意义讲”，“有几分”，相当于“in
a
way，”“rather”，试比较：
It
may
rain，but
I
shall
go
out
anyhow.
天将下雨，但不管怎样我也要出去。
We
must
find
money
for
the
rent
somehow.
我们无论如何也要找到租金。
I
am
somewhat
tired
of
this
book.
我对这本书有点厌烦。2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题04形容词和副词
高考押题(原卷版)
1.Nothing
lowers
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
level
of
the
conversation
_______
raising
the
voice.
A.
rather
than
B.
other
than
C.
more
than
D.
better
than
2.Peace
is
_______
the
absence
of
war.
It
also
means
kindness
and
harmony.
A.
or
rather
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
more
than
C.
at
best
D.
far
from
3.It
is
consi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dered
that
digital
TV
is
_______
to
satellite
TV
because
it
allows
the
same
service
to
be
delivered
with
clearer
pictures.
A.
better
B.
superior
C.
senior
D.
junior
4.In
less
than
4
dec
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ades,
we'll
live
longer
and
have
children
in
old
age.
This
shift
is
so
significant
that
it
is
_______
to
the
change
from
monkeys
to
humans.
A.
considerable
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
comparable
C.
predictable
D.
irresistible
5.—The
car
is
small.
Is
it
safe
—Definitely.
T
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ests
suggest
it
is
_______
safe
than
any
other
type
of
good
car.
A.
no
less
B.
not
less
C.
no
more
D.
not
more
6.—
I’ve had a bad cough recently.
—
Me too. I’ve never
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )experienced
_______
of air pollution in cities before.
A. an acute problem
B. a more acute problem
C. a most acute problem
D. the most acute problem
7.There
is
plent
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
of
food,
water
and
sunshine,
and
our
friends
are
living
there,
_______.
A.
warm
and
comfortable
B.
warmly
and
comfortably
C.
warm
and
comfortably
D.
warmly
and
comfortable
8.—
Do
you
regret
paying
20,000
dollars
for
the
second-hand
car
—Not
a
bit.
I
think
it
deserves
_______.
A.
as
more
tha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
twice
many
B.
more
than
twice
as
much
C.
more
than
as
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )twice
much
D.
more
than
twice
as
many
9.
—I
dislike
to
li
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve
in
cities
for
the
roads
are
narrow
and
they
are
always
crowded.
—Do
you
know
the
world’s
population
has
grown
to
_______
A.
more
than
six
tim
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es
what
it
was
in
1800
B.
six
times
more
as
what
it
was
in
1800
C.
more
than
si
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )x
times
large
as
it
was
in
1800
D.
more
than
six
times
as
large
as
in
1800
10.He
would
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in
_______
university
now
had
he
not
addicted
himself
to
too
many
computer
games
when
young.
A.
the
better
B.
a
better
C.
a
good
D.
the
best
11.You
needn’t
be
too
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )concerned
about
what
to
wear
to
the
party—it’s
all
_______
anyway,
because
you
haven’t
even
been
invited
yet.
A.
academic
B.
painful
C.
physical
D.
economical
12.The
crowd,
which
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad
been
_______
for
the
first
half
of
the
race,
had
now
grown
considerably.
A.
big
B.
thin
C.
silent
D.
excited
13.I
think
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f
my
countless
failures
and
how
they’ve
contributed _______ to
making
me
what
I
am
nowadays.
A.
regularly
B.
considerably
C.
equally
D.
deliberately
14.—Your
car
should
be
ready
next
Tuesday.
—We
were
_______
hoping
you’d
be
able
to
do
it
by
this
Friday.
A.
still
B.
rather
C.
always
D.
even
15.Miss
White
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as
a
_______
customer
here
until
the
supermarket
next
door
opened
a
couple
of
weeks
ago.
A.
common
B.
typical
C.
normal
D.
regular
16.We
work
durin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
the
week,
but
weekends
and
evenings
are
usually
_______.
A.
vacant
B.
casual
C.
empty
D.
clear
17.People’s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )awareness
of
obeying
the
law
is
_______
to
the
guarantee
of
food
safety.
A.
sensitive
B.
superior
C.
loyal
D.
crucial
18.Tobacco
use
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______
for
5
million
or
12%
of
all
deaths
of
adults
above
the
age
of
30
globally
each
year.
A.
stubborn
B.
permanent
C.
accessible
D.
responsible
19.I
really
apprec
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iate
your
help.
_______,
I
would
not
have
been
able
to
complete
the
project
in
such
a
short
period.
A.
However
B.
Therefore
C.
Meanwhile
D.
Otherwise
20.Some
people
have
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )no
respect
for
the
speed
limit and
_______
are
punished.
A.
consequently
B.
continuously
C.
constantly
D.
consistently
21.Learning
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from
_______
mistakes
can
help
us
keep
conscious
and
avoid
repeating
them
in
the
days
to
come.
A.
previous
B.
curious
C.
obvious
D.
ridiculous
22.—Will
Mr.
Smith
come
here
on
time
—We
cannot
guarantee
the
_______
arrival
of
trains
in
foggy
weather.
A.
punctual
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
eventual
C.
actual
D.
natural
23.She
has
a
_______
grasp
of
all
the
subjects,
which
helps
her
stand
out
in
her
class
.
A.
comprehensiv
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
B.
confidential
C.
conservative
D.
compulsory
24.As
we
all
know,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
Internet
is
becoming
_______
important
in
our
daily
life.
A.
steadily
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
increasingly
C.
instantly
D.
naturally
25.—The
difficult
maths
problem
has
been
solved
by
Tom
at
last.
—Indeed;
and
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
_______
way
Tom
worked
out
the
problem
impressed
the
teacher
deeply.
A.
outstanding
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
unique
C.
particular
D.
strange
26.High
expectat
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ions
in
finding
jobs
make
young
people
_______
miss
job
interviews
and
turn
down
offers.
A.
naturally
B.
completely
C.
formally
D.
frequently
27.I
want
to
book
a
one-bed
room.
Do
you
have
any
_______
A.
available
B.
convenient
C.
possible
D.
acceptable
28.The
carbon
conten
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
of
steel
largely
determines
its
usefulness
for
_______
applications.
A.
typical
B.
tough
C.
fantastic
D.
specific
29.John
had
planne
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
to
make
a
compromise,
but
_______
he
changed
his
mind
at
the
last
minute.
A.
anyhow
B.
otherwise
C.
therefore
D.
somehow
30.Many
young
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )people
are
only
ready
to
chat
via
the
Internet,
but
somewhat
_______
to
communicate
face
to
face.
A.
desperate
B.
reluctant
C.
voluntary
D.
anxious