2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题06动词和动词短语
考点聚焦(学生版)
动词是英语中是构成句子的核心，是一个句子
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中不可缺少的成分。在考试说明中，动词占词汇表总词汇量的1/3以上，起着举足轻重的作用。动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大，命题者着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用，以测试考生对基础知识的掌握程度。高考对动词的考查主要集中在两个方面：动词(短语)的意义和动词的搭配等。
考点1
形似动词的考查
①A
completely
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )new
situation
will
_______
when
the
examination
system
comes
into
existence.
A.
rise
B.
arise
C.
arouse
D.
raise
【答案与解析】
②After
class
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
Mr.
Zhang’s
extra
instructions
to
the
class
helped
_______
the
assignment
to
his
students.
A.
classify
B.
clarify
C.
cater
D.
compensate
【答案与解析】
③How
can
I
_______
money
from
my
bank
account
to
his
A.
transfer
B.
transform
C.
transmit
D.
transplant
【答案与解析】
④Because
of
the
fina
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ncial
crisis
this
year,
the
company
decided
not
to
_______
dividends(股息)to
its
shareholders.
A.
vary
B.
distribute
C.
disturb
D.
contribute
【答案与解析】
⑤While
intelligent
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )people
can
often
_______
the
complex,
a
fool
is
more
likely
to
complicate
the
simple.
A.
sacrifice
B.
substitute
C.
simplify
D.
survive
【答案与解析】
⑥Thousands
of
fo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reigners
were
_______
to
the
Shanghai
World
Expo
the
day
it
opened.
A.
attended
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
attained
C.
attracted
D.
attached
【答案与解析】
⑦The
good
thing
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bout
children
is
that
they
_______
very
easily
to
new
environments.
A.
adapt
B.
appeal
C.
attach
D.
apply
【答案与解析】
考点2
动词意义的考查
①(2016高考英语江苏卷)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )He
did
not
_______
easily,
but
was
willing
to
accept
any
constructive
advice
for
a
worthy
cause.
A.
approach
B.
wrestle
C.
compromise
D.
communicate
【答案与解析】
②(2016高考英语浙江卷)We
ca
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
achieve
a
lot
when
we
learn
to
let
our
differences
unite,
rather
than
_______
us.
A.
divide
B.
reject
C.
control
D.
abandon
【答案与解析】
③(2016高考英语浙江
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )卷)When
the
time
came
to
make
the
final
decision
for
a
course
,
I
decided
to
apply
for
the
one
that
_______
my
interest.
A.
limited
B.
reserved
C.
reflected
D.
spoiled
【答案与解析】
④If
steel
is
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )avier
than
water,
why
are
ships
able
to
_______
on
the
sea
A.
float
B.
drown
C.
shrink
D.
split
【答案与解析】
⑤Studies
have
shown
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that
the
right
and
left
ear
_______
sound
differently.
A.
produce
B.
pronounce
C.
process
D.
download
【答案与解析】
⑥Schools
shou
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld
be
lively
places
where
individuals
are
encouraged
to
_______
to
their
greatest
potential.
A.
accelerate
B.
improve
C.
perform
D.
develop
【答案与解析】
⑦Top
graduates
from
universities
are
_______
by
major
companies.
A.
chased
B.
registered
C.
offered
D.
compensated
【答案与解析】
⑧—Are
you
still
mad
at
her
—Not
really,
but
I
can’t
_______
that
her
remarks
hurt
me.
A.
deny
B.
refuse
C.
reject
D.
decline
【答案与解析】
⑨Some
people
e
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
with
their
eyes.
They
prefer
to
order
what
_______
nice.
A.
looks
B.
smells
C.
feels
D.
tastes
【答案与解析】
考点3
动词搭配的考查
①(2016高考英语天津卷)I’m
going
to
_______
advantage
of
this
tour
to
explore
the
history
of
the
castle.
A.
put
B.
make
C.
take
D.
give
【答案与解析】
②See,
your
com
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )puter
has
broken
down
again!
It
doesn’t
_______
sense
to
buy
the
cheapest
brand
of
computer
just
to
save
a
few
dollars.
A.
have
B.
make
C.
display
D.
bring
【答案与解析】
③My
parents
alw
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ays
_______
great
importance
to
my
getting
a
good
education.
A.
have
B.
attach
C.
accept
D.
pay
【答案与解析】
④The
watch
was
very
good,
and
he
_______
20
percent
down
for
it.
A.
paid
B.
cost
C.
bought
D.
spent
【答案与解析】
⑤You
are
old
enough
to
_______
your
own
living.
A.
win
B.
gain
C.
take
D.
earn
【答案与解析】
⑥What
are
you
doing
out
of
bed,
Tom
You’re
_______
to
be
asleep.
A.
supposed
B.
known
C.
thought
D.
considered
【答案与解析】
考点4熟词生义的考查
①Shakespeare's
wr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iting
is
still
popular
today.
It
has
really
_______
the
test
of
time.
A.
failed
B.
stood
C.
taken
D.
conducted
【答案与解析】
②The
new
movie
_______
to
be
one
of
the
biggest
money-makers
of
all
time.
A.
promises
B.
agrees
C.
pretends
D.
declines
【答案与解析】
③Once
you
submit
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
online
form,
your
application
shall
be
_______
within
a
week
and
you
will
get
a
reply
afterwards.
A.
preserved
B.
processed
C.
prepared
D.
predicted
【答案与解析】
考点5
动词短语的考查
▲同一动词与介词或副词构成的短语
①How
could
you
_______
such
a
fantastic
job
when
you
have
been
out
of
work
for
months.
A.
turn
off
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
turn
in
C.
turn
down
D.
turn
to
【答案与解析】
②Ralph
W.
Emerson
woul
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
always
_______
new
ideas
that
occurred
to
him.
A.
set
off
B.
set
about
C.
set
up
D.
set
down
【答案与解析】
③—Dad
,
I
don’t
think
Oliver
the
right
sort
of
person
for
the
job.
—I
see.
I
will
go
right
away
and
_______.
A.
pay
him
back
B.
pay
him
off
C.
put
him
away
D.
put
him
off
【答案与解析】
④I’ve been trying to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t
seem to
_______.
A. get through
B. get off
C. get in
D. get along
【答案与解析】
⑤He
had
to
pause
fr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om
time
to
time
to
wipe
the
sweat
from
his
forehead,
because
the
air-conditioning
system
_______.
A.
broke
in
B.
broke
up
C.
broke
out
D.
broke
down
【答案与解析】
▲不同动词跟同一介词或副词构成的短语
①(2016高考英语江苏
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )卷)Many
businesses
started
up
by
college
students
have
_______
thanks
to
the
comfortable
climate
for
business
creation.
A.
fallen
off
B.
taken
off
C.
turned
off
D.
left
off
【答案与解析】
②Peter
will
_______
his
post
as
the
head
of
the
travel
agency
at
the
end
of
next
month.
A.
take
up
B.
put
up
C.
add
up
D.
break
up
【答案与解析】
③The
whole
tea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m
_______
Cristiano
Ronaldo,
and
he
seldom
lets
them
down.
A.
wait
on
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
focus
on
C.
count
on
D.
call
on
【答案与解析】
④Sorry,
I
ha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve
to
_______
now.
It’s
time
for
class.—OK,
I’ll
call
back
later.
A.
hang
up
B.
break
up
C.
give
up
D.
hold
up
【答案与解析】
⑤—
I’
m
surprised
to
hear
that
Sue
and
Paul
have
_______.
—So
am
I.
They
seemed
very
happy
together
when
I
last
saw
them.
A.
broken
up
B.
finished
up
C.
divided
up
D
closed
up
【答案与解析】
▲不同动词跟其它词构成的动词短语
①(2016高考英语江苏卷)Paren
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts
should
actively
urge
their
children
to
_______
the
opportunity
to
join
sports
teams.
A.
gain
admission
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
keep
track
of
C.
take
advantage
of
D.
give
rise
to
【答案与解析】
②(2016高考英语浙江卷
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))When
their
children
lived
far
away
from
them
,
these
old
people
felt
_______
from
the
world.
A.
carried
aw
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay
B.
broken
down
C.
cut
off
D.
brought
up
【答案与解析】
③(2016高考英语天津卷)Mary
was
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
silent
during
the
early
part
of
the
discussion
but
finally
she
_______
her
opinion
on
the
subject.
A.
gave
voice
to
B.
kept
an
eye
on
C.
turned
a
deaf
ear
of
D.
set
foot
on
【答案与解析】
④(2016高考英语天津卷)I
hate
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it
when
she
calls
me
at
work—I’m
always
too
busy
to
_______
a
conversation
with
her.
A.
carry
on
B.
break
into
C.
turn
down
D.
cut
off
【答案与解析】
⑤Body
language
can
__
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____
a
lot
about
your
mood,
so
standing
with
your
arms
folded
can
send
out
a
signal
that
you
are
being
defensive.
A.
take
away
B.
throw
away
C.
put
away
D.
give
away
【答案与解析】
⑥The
university
st
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arted
some
new
language
programs
to
_______
the
country’s
Silk
Road
Economic
Belt.
A.
apply
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
cater
for
C.
appeal
to
D.
hunt
for
【答案与解析】
⑦Anyway,
we’re
here
now
,so
let’s
_______
some
serious
work.
A.
come
up
with
B.
get
down
to
C.
do
away
with
D.
live
up
to
【答案与解析】2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题06动词和动词短语
知识精讲(教师版)
说明：这一讲不涉及动词的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词以及情态动词等语法内容(这部分请参看后面
有关的各专题的内容)。
动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。2013-2016四年全国及各自主命题的省市的高考英语试题中单项选择题部分共涉及到280个动词(短语)，其中有49个为重复考点，故实际考查了231个动词(短语)：104个单个动词加上127个动词短语(见附录)。其实考查动词和动词短语的还有完形填空题、语法填空题(全国卷)、短文改错题(全国卷)以及任务型阅读题(江苏卷)等，由此可见动词和动词短语是我们高考英语复习的重中之重。
一、动词的分类
(一)实义动词
在英语中能够独立作谓语的动词叫做实义动词。
1.按性质分，实义动词又可分成及物动词和不及物动词
(1)及物动词是指其后必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词
“How
long
ca
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
I
keep
the
book
”
Harry
asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久 ”(宾语the
book)
Dr.
Bethune
set
us
a
good
example.白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。(双宾语us
a
good
example)
Crude
oil
contains
many
useful
substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。(宾语many
useful
substances)
I
believe
that
the
you
are
right.我相信你是对的。(that宾语从句)
(2)不及物动词是指本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词
It
happened
in
Ju
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne
1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
She
spoke
at
the
meeting
yesterday
evening.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
(3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：
①兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变
Shall
I
begin
at
once 我可以立刻开始吗 (begin作不及物动词)
She
began
working
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
as
a
librarian
after
she
left
school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
When
did
they
leave
Chicago 他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的 (leave作及物动词)
They
left
last
week.他们是上周离开的.(left作不及物动词)
②兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义和用法不尽相同
Wash
your
hands
before
meals.饭前要洗手。
Does
this
kind
of
cloth
wash
well 这种布耐洗吗？
(4)不要用汉语去套英语动词的及物和不及物，否则容易误用英语动词
有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而汉语则可用作及物动词。反之亦然。
We
arrived
at
the
railway
station
at
noon.我们于中午到达了火车站。
(at不能省去)(比较：W
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
reached
the
railway
station
at
noon.我们于中午到达了火车站。)
Everybody
is
listening
to
the
lecture.每个人都在认真听讲座。
(to不可省去)(比较：We
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )all
heard
the
lecture.我们都听过这个讲座。)
Our
children
are
taught
to
serve
the
people
wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教育要全心全意为人民服务。
(容易在serve后加上介词for)
2.按时限分，实义动词又可分成延续性动词和非延续性动词(短暂性动词)
延续性动词动作可以延续，可以与表示一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段时间的状语连用。如：live,
study,
work,
stay,
keep,
have等。
非延续性动词(短暂性动词)动作瞬间完成，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：finish,
come,
open,
bring,
buy等。
The
evening
news
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omes
on
at
seven
o’clock
and
_______
only
thirty
minutes.
A.
keeps
B.
continues
C.
finishes
D.
lasts
【答案与解析】D。根据后
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )面的时间状语“only
thirty
minutes”
先排除“finish”为瞬间动词；keep“保留，保存”；continue意为“继续”；last意为“持续，继续”，根据题意“晚间新闻每天7：00开始，持续30分钟。”可知，正确选项为D。
(二)连系动词
连系动词本身有一定词义，但不完整，不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成合成谓语。我们最常见的
连系动词就是“be”，常
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )翻译成汉语的“是”。“be”是原形，其变化形式有：is/am/are/was/were/
been/being等。其实连系动词还有下列这些情况：
1.表示“状态”类的连系动词：常见的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有：keep
(保持)，stay
(保持)，remain
(依然保持)，seem
(似乎是)，appear
(似乎，显得)，prove
(证明是)，这类词表示具有或保持某种特征或状态。
The
meat
will
keep/stay
fresh
for
several
days.肉会保鲜好几天的。
The
store
remains
closed.
What’s
the
matter 已经是上午十点了，商店仍然关着门，是怎么回事
The
chairwoman
seem
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
very
surprised
about
the
question
I
asked.女主席似乎对我提出的问题感到吃惊。
The
sky
appears
blue
on
the
earth.从地球上看天空似乎是蓝色的。
As
time
went
on,
his
theory
proved
(to
be)
true.随着时间的推移，他的理论证明是正确的。
2.表示
“感官”类的连系动词：主要指与五种感官有关的动词：look
(看起来)，sound
(听起来)，smell
(闻
起来)，taste
(尝起来)，feel
(摸起来/摸上去/感到)。
The
Sydney
Opera
House
looks
just
like
seashells。悉尼歌剧院看上去就像海贝。
The
story
sounds
true.这个故事听起来像是真实的。
The
meat
you
bought
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )last
week
smells
terrible.
It
has
gone
bad.你上周买的肉难闻极了，它已经臭了。
Those
oranges
on
sale
taste
good.卖的那些橘子尝起来很好吃。
Silk
feels
soft.丝绸摸上去很柔软。
3.表示“变化”类的连系动词
turn
(变成)，grow
(变得)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，get
(变成)，become
(变成)，come
(变得)，go
(变得)，fall
(进入某状态)。
它们的用法注意点见下表：
连系动词
用法注意点
turn
后面跟名词作表语，名词前无冠词且常用单数H
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
turned
writer
after
he
graduated
from
a
medical
college.他从医学院毕业后成了作家。
grow
渐渐变得……起来，主要表示逐渐变化，强调变化的过程The
pollution
problem
is
growing
serious.污染问题日见严峻。My
younger
brother
is
growing
tall.我的弟弟渐渐长高了。Mary’s
growing
to
be
more
and
more
like
her
mother.玛丽越来越像她妈妈了。
get
跟过去分词作表语常常表示被动意义或者做(完成了)一个动作Last
night
I
got
caught
in
the
downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了。The
new
car
got
scratched.新车给刮坏了。get
dressed穿(好了)衣服
get
changed
换(好了)衣服后面跟不定式强调“渐进变化的过程”You’ll
soon
get
to
know
about
the
result.你不久就会了解到结果的。
become
后面跟名词作表语，单数名词前要有冠词He
became
a
wri
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter
after
he
graduated
from
a
medical
college.他从医学院毕业后成了作家。跟过去分词作表语常常表示被动意义The
room
soon
became
crowded.屋里一会儿就挤满了人。
come
主要指向好的方面变化Her
wish
came
true.她的愿望实现了。Everything
came
right.一切顺利。【注】come
除表示向好的方面变
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )化外，还有以下常见搭配值得注意：come
untied
解开，come
loose
变松，come
undone
松开。后面跟不定式表示“最终变得”I’ve
really
come
to
love
this
place.我终于爱上了此地。
go
指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化go
bald/deaf/mad/blind
发秃/变聋/发疯/变瞎
go
hungry
挨饿
go
naked
光着身子
go
wrong出故障，出毛病The
meat’s
gone
bad.肉变已经坏了。The
radio’s
gone
wrong.收音机出毛病了。
fall
后常接以下形容词：asleep,
lame,
silent,
ill,
sickThe
old
men,
unable
to
express
himself,
fell
silent.那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不作声了。His
father
fell
ill
anddied.他的父亲生病死了。
注意：①所有连系动词都没有被动语态，除“变化”类中的fall和feel以外的连系动词都不可用于进行
时态中。
—Do
you
like
the
material
你喜欢这块布料吗
—Yes,
it
feels
soft.
是的，它摸上去很柔软。
He
is
feeling
even
worse
today.他今天感觉更糟了。
②绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词，在解题时要正确区分，否则就会出错。
good,
the
food
has
been
sold
out.
A.
Tasted
B.
Having
been
tasted
C.
Tasting
D.
To
taste
【答案与解析】C。本题如果我们把taste当
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成实义动词去理解的话，就会误选A或B。其实taste在本句中是连系动词，应该选C才对=Because
the
food
tastes
good,…
(三)助动词
本身无词义，不能独立作谓语。用来表示否定，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )疑问，时态、语态等语法形式。助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语)。常见的有：be(am,
is,
are,
was,
were),do(does,
did),
have(has/had),
will,
would,
shall,
should等。
(四)情态动词
本身有一定意义，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )没有人称和数的变化，常用来表示说话人的语气和情态。常见的有can(could),
may(might),
must,
shall(should),
will,
would,
ought
to,
dare,
need等等。
注意：以上四类动词都有交叉的地
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )方。如“do,
have”既可以作实义动词又可以作助动词；“be”既可以作连系动词又可以作助动词；“dare,
need”既可以作实义动词又可以作情态动词。
二、单个动词的使用注意点
这一类动词要靠我们平时的积累。现略举几例如下：
1.形似动词
affect(影响)，afford(买得起，提供)，offer(给予，提供)
adapt(使适应)，adopt(采纳，收养)
attend(出席，参加)，attain(获得，达到，实现)，attract(吸引)，attach(附上，贴上)
commit(犯)，submit(提交，呈递)，permit(允许)，admit(承认)
classify(分类)，clarify(阐明，明确)
compromise(妥协，让步)，compensate(补偿，弥补)
conclude(下结论)，construct(建造，构建)，calculate(计算，统计)
conserve(保护)，preserve(保护，维护)，reserve(保留)
consume(消耗)，assume(假定)
contribute(捐献，贡献)，distribute(分配)，disturb(打扰，妨碍)
explode(爆炸)，explore(考查，探究)，export(出口)
imply(暗示)，apply(应用)，supply(提供)，reply(答复)
inspect(检查)，expect(期待)，respect(尊敬)，suspect(怀疑)
require(要求)，acquire(获得)，inquire(询问)，inspire(鼓舞)
resist(抵抗)，persist(持续)，insist(坚持)，assist(帮助)，consist(由……组成)；
rise(上升)，arise(出现)，raise(提高)，arouse(唤醒)
sacrifice(牺牲)，substitute(代替)，simplify(简化)，survive(幸存)
succeed(成功)，proceed(进行)，exceed(超越)
translate(翻译)，transpor
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t(运输)，transplant(移植)，transform(使改变，转变)，transfer(移交，传染)
2.义似动词
①identify,
recognize
identify指辨别、确定人的身份或物品的归属等；
recognize指所辨认的人或物多是以前所熟悉的。
②improve,
better,
perfect
improve
最常用词，多指状态或性质上的深刻或重要改进，也可指自身能力的提高；
better多用于口语，指适当地改善原来并非很差的状态或性质，也指社会地位、经济状况的改善；
perfect
语义强，通常指使方法、技术等达到完善美好的境地。
③induce,
persuade,
urge,
convince,
advise
induce指用讲道理来使某人做某事；
persuade普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事；
urge语气强，指不断地热情地规劝诱导；
convince指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服；
advise只指劝说的过程，不涉及劝的结果即劝服。
④infer,
deduce,
conclude,
gather,
judge
infer指从已提供的论据或从已接受的前提出发而推断出的结论；
deduce指有充分根据的推论，也指逻辑学上的演绎；
conclude指得出符合逻辑的结论；
gather指从听到的情况推测、判定；
judge多指经过仔细鉴定或评价之后作出决断。
⑤issue,
distribute,
publish
issue多指通过官方或正式渠道正式发行；
distribute指把东西分发给所属者或应得者；
publish普通用词，多指出版发行文字作品，也指发布新闻或发表见解等。
3.熟词生义
access接近，进入，使用，接近，获取
advertise宣传，宣扬，做宣传
add接着说，补充道
address称呼，向……发表演说
admit允许进入，容纳
attend照料，照顾
decline谢绝，婉拒
catch理解，明白
count重要，认为
cover走完(一段路)，够付(费用)，看完(多少页书)
escape被忘记
fail不足，缺乏，(视力、健康)衰退
fetch卖得(好价钱)
follow理解
forward推进，促进，发展
mirror反射，反映
hold容纳
occur被想到
operate运转，起作用经营
observe遵守，奉行
present介绍，赠送
promise使很可能，预示
run
竞选，运转，管理
rank使成横排，把……分类
rate认为，把……算作
shape塑造，使符合，体现
stand容忍，忍受
succeed继承，接任
top形成顶部，达到……的顶端，处于……的最前头
wear磨损，经磨，耐用
4.复现率低的动词(来源于2016全国各地高考模拟试题)
accommodate供给住宿，使适应，容纳
accumulate积累，堆积，聚集
acknowledge意识到，承认
adore崇拜，爱慕
advocate提倡，鼓吹，拥护，为……辩护
allocate分配，分派，把……拨给
anticipate预期，心里的期望
assess评定，估价
cease停止，终止，结束
compile编译，编制，汇编，编辑
complicate使复杂化，使错综
comprehend理解，领会
condemn谴责，使……注定
cultivate培养，陶冶，耕作
deposit储蓄，寄存，放置，安置，付保证金
discount打折扣，不相信
demonstrate演示，说明，论证，证明
discriminate区分，区别
dominate支配，控制
exclude排斥，排除，不包括
exploit
开采
generate引发，形成，造成，产生(后代)，
引起
fascinate吸引住，使着迷
innovate改革，创新
interfere干预，干涉，妨碍
label贴标签于，把……称为，把……列为
overlook远眺，瞭望
plot密谋，以图表画出，为(文学作品)设计情节
polish磨光，润色，擦光，修改
pursue追求
release释放，发布，发行，放开，泄露
reveal揭露，泄露，显露
stimulate刺激
swallow吞，咽
switch转换，转变，改变，关闭电源
undergo经历，经验，遭受，承受
update更新，使现代化
wary不同，改变
withdraw撤退，撤走，拿走
三、短语动词的构成和用法注意点
1.动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类
Please
turn
off
every
light
in
the
house.
请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)
Harry
turned
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up
after
the
party
when
everyone
had
left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(不及物)
①Don’t
be
so
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )discouraged.
If
you
_______
such
feelings,
you
will
do
better
next
time.
A.
carry
on
B.
get
back
C.
break
down
D.
put
away
【答案与解析】D。carry
on开
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )展、进行；get
back取回，拿回；break
down分解、崩溃。put
away除了有“把……收起、放好”的意思外还有“储存、抛弃、放弃”的意思。句意：别那么垂头丧气的。如果你抛弃这种情绪(而振作起来)，下次你就会做得更好。
②I
was
still
sleepin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
when
the
fire
_______,and
then
it
spread
quickly.
A.
broke
out
B.
put
out
C.
came
out
D.
got
out
【答案与解析】A。break
ou
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t意为“发生”符合题意；put
out扑灭；come
out出版、出现、出来；get
out
(拿)出来。句意：火灾发生时，我还在睡觉，然后火势很快蔓延开来了。
注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开
She
turned
off
all
the
lights
which
had
been
left
on.
她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。
②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。
She
gave
them
away.她把它们送掉了。
③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。
break
out爆发
break
up打碎；分解
break
down出毛病；抛锚；分解；崩溃
2.动词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词
I'm
looking
for
my
glasses.我在找我的眼镜。
注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面；
②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异(look
after照料/look
at看/look
for寻找)。
①Once
a
decision
has
been
made,
all
of
us
should
_______
it.
A.
direct
to
B.
stick
to
C.
lead
to
D.
refer
to
【答案与解析】B。stick
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为“坚守(规则、诺言等)”。
direct
to指向，对着，送往；lead
to导致；refer
to所指。句意：一旦做出了决定，我们就应该坚持。
②It’s
the
pres
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent
situation
in
poor
areas
that
_______
much
higher
spending
on
education
and
training.
A.
answers
for
B.
provides
for
C.
calls
for
D.
plans
for
【答案与解析】C。call
fo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r意为“需要，要求”；answer
for意为“负责”；provide
for意为“供养，为……做好准备”；plan
for意为“为……作计划/打算”。句意：贫困地区的现状就是需要在教育和培训方面投入更多。
3.动词+副词(名词/反身代词)+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词
I
look
forward
to
seeing
you
soon.
我盼望不久就见到你。
①I
don’t
_______
rock
‘n’
roll.
It’s
much
too
noisy
for
my
taste.
A.
go
after
B.
go
away
with
C.
go
into
D.
go
in
for
【答案与解析】D。go
in
for
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为“喜欢”；go
after意为“追求”；go
away
with意为“随身带走”；go
into意为“从事、参加”。句意：我不喜欢摇滚乐，因为它实在是太吵了不合我的口味。
②Why
do
we
have
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
_______
Joan’s
selfish
behavior
She
should
learn
to
care
for
others.
A.
keep
up
with
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
catch
up
with
C.
put
up
with
D.
come
up
with
【答案与解析】C。keep
up
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith意为“跟着、跟上”；catch
up
with意为“赶上”；put
up
with意为“忍受”；come
up
with意为“想出、提出”。句意：为什么我们不得不忍受琼的自私的行为？她应该学习关心别人。
③You
can’t
imagin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
what
difficulty
we
had
_______
home
in
the
snowstorm.
A.
walked
B.
walk
C.
to
walk
D.
walking
【答案与解析】D。考查“
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.”短语的变式运用。“difficulty”在句中充当了先行词，其后为定语从句。句意：你很难想象我们在暴风需雪中步行回家所遇到的困难。
④She
devoted
herself
_______
the
problems
of
the
teenagers.
A.
in
studyin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
B.
at
studying
C.
to
study
D.
to
studying
【答案与解析】D。devote
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oneself
to意为“专心，致力于，献身”。“to”为介词。句意：她把一身都献给了对青少年问题的研究工作。
4.熟词生义
put
up过夜
turn
out出席，在场，到场
turn
up被发现，被找到
work
out以某种方式发展，锻炼
rule
out排除
agree
with适合
make
out开出
stand
up经得起
take
on雇用
pay
off
有回报，成功结清工资并解雇(某人)
pay
for为……付出代价
pick
up康复
leave
out不考虑
set
off引起，激起
take
off迅速流行
break
down(计划)失败
5.复现率低的动词短语(来源于2016全国各地高考模拟试题)
allow
for考虑到，体谅
bump
into撞上，偶然遇见
catch
on变得流行，投合心意
cater
to迎合，投合
come
around来临
come
to
life表现生动，变得活跃，启用
compensate
for赔偿，补偿损失，取偿，抵补
count
up加起来总共
draw
on利用(资源等)，凭借，(时光)渐渐过去
draw
out拉长，掏出，鼓励
fall
to
step
(with
sb.)同……步伐一致，跟风
hire
oneself
out
把自己雇出去，即为人打工
lay
down放下，献出生命
lay
off下岗，解雇
lay
on征收，安装(水，电，煤气)
lay
out陈列，设计，安排，陈设，展示
pull
over靠边停靠/停车，开到路边，靠岸
pull
up拔出，(使)停止
put
over推迟，驶过，使被接受
retire
to
bed
就寝
range
from...to...范围从……到……
shrink
from躲避，避开，推卸
spare
a
thought
for替……着想
spring
up跳起/跃起/迅速成长，如雨后春笋涌现出
wind
up上紧发条
wipe
away抹掉
附录：2013-2016四年高考所考查过的动词和动词短语
单个动词(104个)
abandon放弃
accelerate加速，加快
accept接受
affect影响
allow允许
analyze分析
approach靠近，接近
associate联系，(使)联合，结交
avoid
避免
bring带来，拿来
buy购买，购得，够支付，买通，收买
cause导致
chase追求，追寻
check检查
communicate交流
compensate补偿，赔偿，报酬
complain抱怨
compromise妥协，和解，让步
conclude终止，得出结论
conduct执行
consult咨询
control控制
convince使……相信，使……信服，说服
copy抄写，复制
cost价钱为，花费，付出代价，估计成本
create创造
declare(正式)宣称
decorate装饰
demand要求，命令，指挥
develop发展，培养
display显示，陈列，展开，伸展，夸示，炫耀
dispute辩论，争论
divide将……分开
download下载
drown淹死，浸没
enjoy喜欢
establish建立，成立
evaluate评价，估价
experience经历
face面对
fail失败，未能做某事
float漂浮
give给，供给，赠送
guarantee保证，担保
have有，具有，拿，取得，从事，必须，不得不
help帮助，有助于，有利于
hold握着，持有，容纳
ignore忽视，不理睬
imply隐含，暗示
improve改善，提高
inform通知
involve涉及到
lead领导，带领
limit限制，限定
make制造，使
match相配，比得上
misunderstand误解
negotiate谈判，协商，交涉
observe观察，庆祝，遵守
offer主动提供
pay付款，偿还，补偿支付，给予
perform表现
practice练习，实践
predict预测，预见
preserve保护
prevent阻止
process处理，加工，审阅，审核
produce生产或制造
pronounce发音
prove证明，结果是……
put放，举，表达，使处于(某种状态)
qualify使具有资格
raise提出，举起，抚养，提升
realize意识到，实现
recall回忆
recover使恢复
reflect反映，反射
refuse拒绝，拒收
reject拒绝，排斥，抛弃，扔掉
register登记，注册
remember记得，记住
remind
使想起，操醒
reserve保留，储备
revise修订，修正
sacrifice牺牲
share分享，共同拥有
shrink收缩，起皱纹
signal发信号，(用手势)示意
simplify简化
sink沉没；下沉
ski滑雪，滑冰
slip滑倒，溜
spend用/花钱，花费，度过，消耗，花(时间)
split洒出
spoil宠坏，溺爱
stand站立，承受，经历，忍耐
stop停止，中断，(使)停止工作，塞住，阻挠
substitute代替
suggest建议，暗示，说明
support支持
survive幸存
take采取，拿，取，获得，耗费(时间)
whisper低声说，私语
wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决
动词短语(127个)
account
for说明、引起
，(在数量、比例上)占
add
up加起来
appeal
to对……有吸引力，呼吁
apply
to向……申请，适用于……
attach
importance
to重视……
block
off意为封锁，阻挡
break
down出故障，身体垮掉，分解，化解，消除
break
into破门而入
break
out爆发
break
up结束，解散，分手
bring
up养育，培养，呕吐
build
up积聚，逐渐增加；增强
call
on呼吁，拜访
carry
away带走，夺走
carry
on进行，开展，经营
catch
sight
of看见，发现
catch
up
with追上，赶上
cater
for迎合，满足……的需要，为……提供服务
check
out办手续离开
come
across偶遇，无意中发现
come
along与……一道走，一起来，陪伴
come
off
实现，离开，举行
come
over过来，来访
come
through经历，度过，穿过
come
up
with想出，提出
connect…with
与……相连接
consist
of包括
count
on指望，依靠
cut
down减少
cut
off
切断，中断，使死亡
cut
out切断，删去，停止，关掉
cut
up切碎，抨击
deal with处理，对付
do
away
with废除，消灭
drop
in顺便拜访
equip…with
用……来装备
fall
off跌落，下降
feed
on以……为食
find
out查明，发现
fit…with
用……来安装
focus
on致力于，使聚焦于，使直射于，(使)集中
gain
admission
to
获准进入
get
away离开，脱身，逃掉
get
down
to开始认真做某事，着手做某事
get
hold
of得到，掌握
get
out出去，出版，被泄露
get
over克服，熬过，恢复
get along相处，进展
get in收割，插话
get off出发，离开
get through完成，接通电话，度过，穿过，用完
give
away泄露
give
rise
to引起
give
up放弃
give
voice
to将……说出，透露，表明
go
against违背，和……作对
go
back
on背弃，违约，回到
go
with相伴
go for喜欢，适用于
hold
on坚持
hunt
for猎取，寻找
keep
an
eye
on注意，照看
keep
track
of记录
leave
off停止，中断
leave
out遗漏，省略
lend
a
hand帮助
lie
in在于
live
up
to符合，不辜负
look
at看
look
back
on回顾，回忆
look
for寻找
look
into调查，研究
look
on在一旁观看，袖手旁观
look
over查看，细看，仔细检查
look
through仔细检查，看穿
look
to朝(某物)看去，照看/依靠/指望(某人/物)
look
up
查找，抬头看
look after照顾，照料
make
mention
of提到，谈到
make
up
for弥补……，补偿……
make
sense有意义
makes
up编造，组成，化妆，和好，弥补，补偿
match…with
用……匹配
move
on继续前进
pack
up打包
pay
back
偿还，回报
pay
off付清，(付清工资后)解雇
put
away放好
put
away收拾，储存
put
in
把……写进(信函，故事等)
put
off
下车，脱掉，推迟，延迟
put
on穿戴，上演，举办，播放
put
up
提出，提升，使升高，竖立，搭建
run
out用完，用尽
set
about着手，开始
set
aside留作……之用，留出……用于
set
down制定，(使)放下，写下，记下
set
foot
on踏上(征程)
set
off出发，(使)开始，动身，点燃，引起
set
out出发，动身，开始
set
up建立，成立，设立
settle
down定居
shake
a
hand握手
stand
out突出，显著，出类拔萃
subscribe
to意为订阅
take
advantage
of利用
take
away
from夺走，剥夺
take
away拿走
take
charge
of负责
take
off起飞，成功，受欢迎
take
over接手，接管
take
up拿起，占据，开始从事
throw
away扔掉
turn
a
deaf
ear
of对……充耳不闻
turn
down拒绝，调低(音量)
turn
in
上交
turn
off关闭
turn
out结果是，证明是……
turn
over
移交
turn
to求助，转向
turn
up出现，露面，调高(音量)
use
up用完，耗尽
wait
on服侍，等待
want
a
hand想得到帮助
wash
out洗掉，破产，精疲力竭
wave
a
hand挥手告别
wear
out磨损，穿破，精疲力竭2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题06动词和动词短语
高考押题(原卷版)
1.Nash
won
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Noble
Memorial
Prize
in
Economic
Sciences
for
his
work
on
game
theory.
His
life
story
was _______ into
the
movie
A
beautiful
Mind
in
2001.
A.
adapted
B.
adopted
C.
adjusted
D.
accepted
2.Bungee
jumping
can
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
very
dangerous,
but
the
people
who
organize
it
are
very
careful
not
to
_______
safety.
A.
compromise
B.
compensate
C.
conduct
D.
construct
3.Having
a
brother
or
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
sister
protects
adolescents
against
negative
feelings
such
as
loneliness
and
guilt,
but
they
also
have
to
learn
to
_______
and
to
control
their
emotions.
A.
compete
B.
compensate
C.
comprehend
D.
compromise
4.Education
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is
to
change
traditionally-minded
individuals,
typically
those
who
are
not
prepared
to
_______,
and
to
encourage
critical
thinking.
A.
compensate
B.
accumulate
C.
investigate
D.
innovate
5.I
knew
he
didn’t
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ant
to,
but
my
smile
leaped
through
the
bars
and
_______
a
smile
on
his
lips,
too.
A.
generated
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
stimulated
C.
emerged
D.
compiled
6.You
must _______
your
strength
for
the
tennis
final,
which
will
be
even
tougher.
A.
grasp
B.
reserve
C.
appoint
D.
schedule
7.When
you
choose
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cooking
oil
in
the
supermarket
in
China,
you
may
notice
that
some
brands
are
_______ as
“GM-free”,
which
means
non-transgenic(非转基因).
A.
labeled
B.
considered
C.
required
D.
qualified
8.As the evidence
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )begins to _______,
we
are
convinced
that
the
earth
and
the
rest
of
the
universe
are
in
fact
changing
with
time.
A.
accumulate
B.
strengthen
C.
operate
D.
approve
9.Participants
must
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it
down
and
not
move
or
smile
to
_______
in
the
contest.
A.
delight
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
compete
C.
interfere
D.
persist
10.If
we
use
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
National
College
Entrance
Exam
as
the
unique
criteria
to
_______
every
student,
it
will
certainly
end
up
being
an
unequal
foot
race.
A.
develop
B.
exclude
C.
compensate
D.
evaluate
11.HTC
Corp
will
_______
smart
phone-based
virtual
reality
goggles
as
part
of
its
broader
efforts
to
diversify
in
the
near
future.
A.
release
B.
recommend
C.
subscribe
D.
command
12.—Anything
special
about
this
device
—Well,
it
can
_
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______
between
the
cancerous
and
the
normal
cells
under
certain
conditions.
A.
conclude
B.
exclude
C.
discriminate
D.
undergo
13.Mr.
Johnson’s
oc
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cupation
_______
him
to
spend
long
periods
of
time
away
from
his
family.
A.
condemned
B.
permitted
C.
acknowledged
D.
reminded
14.The
two
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en
were
_______
with
receiving
stolen
property,
which
would
probably
result
in
their
imprisonment.
A.
suspected
B.
accused
C.
arrested
D.
charged
15.Whatever
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
relationship,
try
to
_______
to
each
person
all
your
kindness
and
understanding.
A.
appeal
B.
cater
C.
extend
D.
attach
16.Grass
Hut
by
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Cao
Wenxuan
_______
the
memorable
years
of
a
boy's
primary
school
life.
A.
mirrors
B.
updates
C.
overlooks
D.
promotes
17.You
must
_______
what
Joseph
tells
you,
for
he
is
good
at
making
good
stories.
A.
discount
B.
defend
C.
deposit
D.
dominate
18.People
all
think
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it
strange
that
the
boy
should
tell
what’s
written
on
the
paper
in
another
room
without
looking
at
it.
It
really
_______
explanation.
A.
prevents
B.
challenges
C.
interrupts
D.
confuses
19.Success
is
not
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )final
and
failure
is
not
fatal;
it
is
the
courage
to
continue
that
_______.
A.
deserves
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
survives
C.
counts
D.
functions
20.On
the
few
ext
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )remely
cold
nights
in
January,
lots
of
people
_______
early
to
bed at
the
least
suspicion
of
a
chill.
A.
retired
B.
stuck
C.
escaped
D.
remained
21.Bill
Russell
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
a
short
boy,
but
he
is
so
energetic
and
quick
that
we
all
_______
him
highly
as
an
excellent
basketball
player.
A.
rate
B.
mark
C.
appoint
D.
solute
22.A
biblical
idi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om
is
often
an
expression
that
_______
the
moral
of
a
story
and
gives
the
audience
a
picture
to
help
them
understand
the
story
better.
A.
underlines
B.
assesses
C.
substitutes
D.
fascinates
23.Different
tastes
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mong
tourists
from
outside
mainland
_______
the
list
of
the
country’s
attractions.
A.
top
B.
shape
C.
lead
D.
show
24.—Hi,
Mum.
What
are
you
doing
You
looks
so
busy.
Need
my
help
—No,
honey.
I’m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )decorating
the
Christmas
tree.
It
seems
to
_______
quicker
every
year.
A.
come
back
B.
come
over
C.
come
around
D.
come
out
25.I
used
to
l
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ike
black
sausage
but
when
I
found
out
how
it
is
made
it
_______
me
right
_______.
A.
put;
through
B.
put;
up
C.
put;
off
D.
put;
down
26.Smart-phone
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
have
_______
our
lives.
Most
of
us
can’t
go
much
longer
than
10
minutes
before
we
check
our
phones.
A.
turned
over
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
taken
over
C.
got
over
D.
looked
over
27.
―The
river
runs
clear.
―We
all
appreciate
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
importance
the
local
government
has
_______
the
environmental
protection.
A.
attached
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
left
for
C.
responded
to
D.
learnt
from
28.Hardly
could
he
_______
this
amount
of
work
in
such
a
short
time.
A.
get
through
B.
get
off
C.
get
into
D.
get
down
29.There
was
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n’t
time
to
finish
all
the
games
last
night
and
so
some
have
had
to
be
_______
until
next
week
A.
carried
over
B.
taken
over
C.
got
over
D.
turned
over
30.People
co
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me
into
your
life
for
a
reason,
a
season
or
a
lifetime.
When
you
_______
which
one
it
is,
you
will
know
what
to
do
for
each
person.
A.
give
out
B.
leave
out
C.
turn
out
D.
figure
out
31.Laplace,
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
astronomer,
was
still
at
work
when
death
_______
him
at
seventy-eight.
A.
put
up
wi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th
B.
catch
up
with
C.
line
up
with
D.
come
up
with
32.
Since
Perr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
went
abroad,
his
house
has
been
neglected
and
weeds
are
_______
everywhere.
A.
winding
up
B.
springing
up
C.
lighting
up
D.
rising
up
33.I
wanted
to
_______
this
problem
with
him
over
the
phone,
but
it
was
like
banging
my
head
against
a
brick
wall.
A.
set
down
B.
appeal
to
C.
sort
out
D.
turn
up
34.If
I
have
the
hon
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or
to
be
elected,
I
will
honestly
fulfill
my
duty
and
never
_______
those
who
place
trust
in
me.
A.
count
on
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
put
aside
C.
let
down
D.
submit
to
35.—What
do
you
think
of
your
schoolmaster
—He
is
an
outstanding
leader
who
_______
his
reputation.
A.
puts
up
with
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
comes
up
with
C.
looks
up
to
D.
lives
up
to
36.Try
to
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cheerful
and
have
fun
in
life,
but
when
you
_______
work,
try
to
be
as
serious
as
you
can.
A.
give
way
to
B.
look
forward
to
C.
hold
on
to
D.
get
down
to
37.One
can
_______
another
person
without
any
words.
What
it
takes
is
a
shoulder
to
cry
on
and
an
ear
that
listens.
A.
take
advant
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )age
of
B.
spare
a
thought
for
C.
catch
sight
of
D.
reach
out
to
38.It
is
report
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
that
indoor
golf,
relatively
new,
is
starting
to
_______
traditional
markets,
especially
in
urban
areas
in
the
USA
and
Europe.
A.
face
up
to
B.
look
back
on
C.
catch
up
on
D.
hang
on
to
39.Ivory
Coast’s
gov
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ernment
has
pledged(promise
solemnly
and
formally)
to
_______
the
victims
of
the
country’s
various
crises
between
1990
and
2012.
A.
compensate
for
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
catch
up
on
C.
make
up
for
D.
compensate
40.Thanks
to
the
vivid
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
photos
going
with
the
text,
everything
in
the
book
_______
to
the
readers.
A.
comes
to
us
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
B.
comes
to
life
C.
comes
to
power
D.
comes
to
effect
41.—What’s
up
What’s
that
terrible
noise
from
our
upstairs
neighbor
—The
spoiled
boy
is
yelling
and
screaming
to
_______,
I
guess.
A.
mend
his
way
B.
get
his
way
C.
push
his
way
D.
feel
his
way
42.The
twin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sisters
were
shopping
for
hours
on
Women’s
Day
and
managed
to
_______
bags
of
bargains.
A.
come
across
B.
pick
up
C.
deal
with
D.
take
in
43.—Jack,
how
are
you
recently
—Just
so-so.
My
busi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ness
failed
and
I
am
reduced
to
_______
occasionally
.
A.
burn
mysel
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f
out
B.
hiring
myself
out
C.
trying
myself
out
D.
stretch
myself
out
44.It
is
amaz
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing
how
quickly
the
idea
“The
world
is
so
big
and
I
want
to
see
it
”
_______
throughout
the
country
and
everybody
seemed
to
be
talking
about
it.
A.
caught
on
B.
hung
on
C.
went
on
D.
carried
on
45.—Tony,
you
should
be
responsible
for
things
going
on.
—Yes!
I
always
_______
what
I
have
said.
A.
get
to
B.
hold
to
C.
lead
to
D.
see
to
46.For
Weste
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rn
readers,
one
of
the
pleasures
of
reading
Liu
Cixin,
the
author
of
“The
Three
Body
Problem,”
is
that
his
stories
_______
entirely
different
resources.
A.
draw
on
B.
put
on
C.
rely
on
D.
take
on
47.We
tend
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
have
a
better
memory
for
things
that
excite
our
senses
or
_______
our
emotions
than
for
straight
facts.
A.
block
off.
B.
appeal
to
C.
subscribe
to
D.
come
across
48.Harsh
reality
_______
our
edges
in
order
to
make
us
roll
further.
A.
rounds
off
B.
keeps
off
C.
turns
off
D.
leaves
off
49.Thanks
to
the
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mmediate
measures
taken
by
the
central
government,
the
economy
of
China
_______
soon
after
the
global
financial
crisis.
A.
took
up
B.
rose
up
C.
picked
up
D.
put
up
50.In
order
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
lose
weight,
the
young
lady
prefers
to
_______
regularly
rather
than
take
expensive
weight-losing
pills.
A.
hang
out
B.
leave
out
C.
work
out
D.
figure
out2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题06动词和动词短语
高考押题(解析版)
1.Nash
won
the
Noble
M
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )emorial
Prize
in
Economic
Sciences
for
his
work
on
game
theory.
His
life
story
was _______ into
the
movie
A
beautiful
Mind
in
2001.
A.
adapted
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
adopted
C.
adjusted
D.
accepted
【答案】A
【解析】句意：纳什因其在博弈
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )论上的贡献获得了诺贝尔经济科学纪念奖。他的人生故事在2001年被改编成电影《美丽心灵》。adapt改编，适应；adopt采纳，收养；adjust调整，调节；accept接受。故选A项。
2.Bungee
jumping
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an
be
very
dangerous,
but
the
people
who
organize
it
are
very
careful
not
to
_______
safety.
A.
compromise
B.
compensate
C.
conduct
D.
construct
【答案】A
【解析】compromise
危及
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，损害，妥协，让步；compensate补偿，弥补；conclude下结论；construct建造，构建。本题考查compromise的及物动词的意思。句意：蹦极跳可能非常危险，但是组织这项活动的人非常小心不会危及到安全。
3.Having
a
broth
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
or
sister
protects
adolescents
against
negative
feelings
such
as
loneliness
and
guilt,
but
they
also
have
to
learn
to
_______
and
to
control
their
emotions.
A.
compete
B.
compensate
C.
comprehend
D.
compromise
【答案】D
【解析】compete竞争，竞赛;
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ompensate抵消，补偿，赔偿，报酬；comprehend理解，领会；compromise折中解决，妥协，退让。句意：拥有兄弟姐妹就能够帮助青少年远离孤独、内疚等负面情绪。但是他们也必须学会妥协和控制情绪。根据句意选D项。
4.Education
is
to
ch
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ange
traditionally-minded
individuals,
typically
those
who
are
not
prepared
to
_______,
and
to
encourage
critical
thinking.
A.
compensate
B.
accumulate
C.
investigate
D.
innovate
【答案】D
【解析】compensate弥补
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，补偿；accumulate
积累；investigate调查，研究；innovate改革，创新。句意：教育就是要改变传统观念的人，特别是那些不准备创新的人，要鼓励批判性思维。故选D。
5.I
knew
he
di
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dn’t
want
to,
but
my
smile
leaped
through
the
bars
and
_______
a
smile
on
his
lips,
too.
A.
generated
B.
stimulated
C.
emerged
D.
compiled
【答案】A
【解析】句意：受到了我的感染，他的嘴角也
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不自觉地现出了笑容，虽然我知道他本不想这样。generated引发；stimulated刺激；emerged出现，为不及物动词；compiled编制。此处表示因为微笑产生了共鸣。故A项适合。
6.You
must _______
your
strength
for
the
tennis
final,
which
will
be
even
tougher.
A.
grasp
B.
reserve
C.
appoint
D.
schedule
【答案】B
【解析】句意：你必须为网球
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )决赛保留体力，因为决赛会更艰苦。reserve保留，预定。grasp抓住；appoint约定，任命；schedule计划。故选B项。
7.When
you
choos
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
cooking
oil
in
the
supermarket
in
China,
you
may
notice
that
some
brands
are
_______ as
“GM-free”,
which
means
non-transgenic(非转基因).
A.
labeled
B.
considered
C.
required
D.
qualified
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在中国，当你在超市挑
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )选食用油时，你可能注意到有些品牌上会标有“非转基因”的字样。label
“标注”。consider认为；require要求；qualify使具有资格。故选A项。
8.As the evidence
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )begins to _______,
we
are
convinced
that
the
earth
and
the
rest
of
the
universe
are
in
fact
changing
with
time.
A.
accumulate
B.
strengthen
C.
operate
D.
approve
【答案】A
【解析】句意：随着证据的积累，我们
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )深信地球和宇宙的其它部分实际上是随时间而变化的。accumulate“积累，堆积”。strengthen增强，加强；operate操作，经营，运转；approve批准，赞成。故选A项。
9.Participants
mus
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
sit
down
and
not
move
or
smile
to
_______
in
the
contest.
A.
delight
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
compete
C.
interfere
D.
persist
【答案】B
【解析】句意：竞赛中参与者必须
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )坐下不能动或者笑。compete表示“竞争”之意，delight使……高兴；interfere干预；persist坚持。故选B项适合。
10.If
we
use
the
Nat
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ional
College
Entrance
Exam
as
the
unique
criteria
to
_______
every
student,
it
will
certainly
end
up
being
an
unequal
foot
race.
A.
develop
B.
exclude
C.
compensate
D.
evaluate
【答案】D
【解析】develop发展，开发；ex
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )clude排斥，排除；compensate补偿，赔偿，报酬；evaluate衡量，评价，估计。句意：如果把高考作为衡量每个学生的唯一标准，那么高考终将是一场不公平的赛跑。故选D。
11.HTC
Corp
will
_______
smart
phone-based
virtual
reality
goggles
as
part
of
its
broader
efforts
to
diversify
in
the
near
future.
A.
release
B.
recommend
C.
subscribe
D.
command
【答案】A
【解祈】宏达国际电子股份有限
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )公司将要在不久的将来发行基于智能手机的虚拟眼镜作为手机多样化的尝试。release发行，释放；recommend推荐；subscribe订阅，递交；command命令。故选A。
12.—Anything
special
about
this
device
—Well,
it
can
_______
between
the
cancerous
and
the
normal
cells
under
certain
conditions.
A.
conclude
B.
exclude
C.
discriminate
D.
undergo
【答案】C
【解析】conclude得出结论，推断
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )出；exclude排斥，排除，不包括；discriminate区分，区别；undergo经历，经验，遭受，承受。句意：“这台设备有什么特别的吗？”“喔，在一定条件下，它能够辨别癌细胞和正常的细胞。”
13.Mr.
Johnson’s
occ
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )upation
_______
him
to
spend
long
periods
of
time
away
from
his
family.
A.
condemned
B.
permitted
C.
acknowledged
D.
reminded
【答案】A
【解析】condemn谴责，使……注定；p
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ermit许可，准许；acknowledge承认；remind提醒。句意：约翰逊先生的职业注定使他离开家很长时间。根据句意可知选B。
14.The
two
men
were
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
_______
with
receiving
stolen
property,
which
would
probably
result
in
their
imprisonment.
A.
suspected
B.
accused
C.
arrested
D.
charged
【答案】D
【解析】be
suspected
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of被怀疑患有……，被怀疑(做)……；be
charged
with=be
accused
of都表示“被控告”的意思；be
arrested
for因某事而被逮捕，因某事而被捕。句意：那两个男人被控告收受赃物，其行为可能要导致他们坐牢。故选D。
15.Whatever
the
r
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elationship,
try
to
_______
to
each
person
all
your
kindness
and
understanding.
A.
appeal
B.
cater
C.
extend
D.
attach
【答案】C
【解析】appeal
to向……
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )投诉，向……呼吁，对……有吸引力；cater
to迎合，投合；extend
sb
sth
=extend
sth
to
sb
给予；attach
to依附……，附于……。句意：无论(你与他人)是什么关系，你都要尽量给每个人以仁慈和理解。故选C。
16.Grass
Hut
by
Cao
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Wenxuan
_______
the
memorable
years
of
a
boy's
primary
school
life.
A.
mirrors
B.
updates
C.
overlooks
D.
promotes
【答案】A
【解析】mirror反射，反映。upd
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ate更新，使现代化；overlook远眺，瞭望；promote促进，推进，提升，助长，促销。句意：曹文轩的小说《草房子》反映了一个男孩的小学生活中那些难忘的岁月。
17.You
must
_______
what
Joseph
tells
you,
for
he
is
good
at
making
good
stories.
A.
discount
B.
defend
C.
deposit
D.
dominate
【答案】A
【解祈】句意：你一定不要相信约瑟夫告
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )诉你的话，因为他太会编故事啦！discount打折扣，不相信；defend防守，辩护；deposit储蓄，寄存；dominate支配，控制。故选A。
18.People
all
think
it
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
strange
that
the
boy
should
tell
what’s
written
on
the
paper
in
another
room
without
looking
at
it.
It
really
_______
explanation.
A.
prevents
B.
challenges
C.
interrupts
D.
confuses
【答案】B
【解析】A.
prevents阻
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )止；B.
challenges挑战，向……挑战；C.
interrupts打断；D.
confuses困惑；句意：这个男孩在另一个房间内，不用看竟然能说出纸上所写的内容来，让所有的人感觉到神奇，这真的难以解释，根据语境可知选B项。
19.Success
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
not
final
and
failure
is
not
fatal;
it
is
the
courage
to
continue
that
_______.
A.
deserves
B.
survives
C.
counts
D.
functions
【答案】C
【解析】deserve值得；surviv
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e幸存，活下来；count把……算入，重要；function有作用，起作用。句意：没有终局的成功，也没有致命的失败：重要的是继续前进的勇气。
20.On
the
few
ex
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tremely
cold
nights
in
January,
lots
of
people
_______
early
to
bed at
the
least
suspicion
of
a
chill.
A.
retired
B.
stuck
C.
escaped
D.
remained
【答案】A
【解析】retire
to
bed
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )就寝。例如：She
retires
to
bed
at
the
least
suspicion
of
a
chill.
她只要觉得有一点寒意就去睡觉。句意：在一月份几个极度寒冷的晚上，许多人只要觉得有一点寒意就早早地上床睡觉去了。
21.Bill
Russell
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
short
boy,
but
he
is
so
energetic
and
quick
that
we
all
_______
him
highly
as
an
excellent
basketball
player.
A.
rate
B.
mark
C.
appoint
D.
solute
【答案】A
【解析】句意：比尔罗素是一个小个儿男孩
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，但他是如此充满活力和敏捷，我们都高度评价他是一个优秀的篮球运动员。He
is
highly
rated
as
a
doctor.他作为大夫受到很高的评价。
22.A
biblical
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )diom
is
often
an
expression
that
_______
the
moral
of
a
story
and
gives
the
audience
a
picture
to
help
them
understand
the
story
better.
A.
underlines
B.
assesses
C.
substitutes
D.
fascinates
【答案】A
【解析】underline
的本意是“在……
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )下划线”，这里的意思是“强调，突出”；
assess评定，估价；substitute代替，替换；fascinate吸引住，使着迷。句意：圣经习语常常是突出故事的寓意的固定表达方式，给听众或读者一幅图象，以帮助他们更好地理解故事。故选A。
23.Different
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tastes
among
tourists
from
outside
mainland
_______
the
list
of
the
country’s
attractions.
A.
top
B.
shape
C.
lead
D.
show
【答案】B
【解析】top形成顶部，达到……的顶端，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )处于……的最前头；lead领导，引导，指挥；shape塑造，使符合，体现；show表明，说明给……看，显露出。句意：(字面意思是：境外游客的不同喜好塑造了该国旅游景点的榜单)境外游客的不同喜好决定了该国旅游景点的排行榜。
24.—Hi,
Mum.
What
are
you
doing
You
looks
so
busy.
Need
my
help
—No,
honey.
I’m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )decorating
the
Christmas
tree.
It
seems
to
_______
quicker
every
year.
A.
come
back
B.
come
over
C.
come
around
D.
come
out
【答案】C
【解祈】通过情景对话，了解此
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对话发生在圣诞节前夕，妈妈正忙于装饰圣诞树。说明圣诞节快要来临(come
around)了。故符合题意的选项为C项。come
back回来；come
over表示从一地到另一地；come
out出来、出版或开花。句意：——嘿，妈妈，你在干什么？你看上去很忙呢。需要我帮忙吧？——不用啦，宝贝。我正在装饰圣诞树。一年一度的圣诞节眼看马上就要到了。
25.I
used
to
like
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
black
sausage
but
when
I
found
out
how
it
is
made
it
_______
me
right
_______.
A.
put;
through
B.
put;
up
C.
put;
off
D.
put;
down
【答案】C
【解祈】句意：我以前很喜欢吃黑香肠，但是当
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我发现了它是如何制作的时候，我便对它感到厌烦了。put
through接通；put
up举起，修建，张贴，留……住宿；put
off推迟，使不高兴，引起反感；put
down放下，写下来，镇压，责难。故选C。
26.Smart-phones
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have
_______
our
lives.
Most
of
us
can’t
go
much
longer
than
10
minutes
before
we
check
our
phones.
A.
turned
over
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
taken
over
C.
got
over
D.
looked
over
【答案】B
【解析】句意：智能手机已经占据了我们的生活。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们中大多数人甚至坚持不了10分钟就要去看一下手机。take
over占领，接管。turn
over把……反过来；get
over克服，恢复；look
over检查，查看。故选B项。
27.
―The
river
runs
clear.
―We
all
appreciate
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
importance
the
local
government
has
_______
the
environmental
protection.
A.
attached
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
B.
left
for
C.
responded
to
D.
learnt
from
【答案】A
【解析】句意：“这条小溪很清澈。”“我们都很
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )感激当地政府对环境保护给予重视。”注意跟前面的先行词“importance”构成“attach
importance
to
doing/something”意为“重视，着重于……，对……给予重视”；left
for动身前往某地；responded
to响应；leant
from向……学习。结合句意，故选A项。
28.Hardly
could
he
_______
this
amount
of
work
in
such
a
short
time.
A.
get
through
B.
get
off
C.
get
into
D.
get
down
【答案】A
【解析】get
through接通，通
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过，完成；get
off下车；get
into进入；get
down下来。句意：这么短的时间，他几乎不可能完成这么大的工作量。所以选A。
29.There
wasn’
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
time
to
finish
all
the
games
last
night
and
so
some
have
had
to
be
_______
until
next
week
A.
carried
over
B.
taken
over
C.
got
over
D.
turned
over
【答案】A
【解祈】句意：昨晚的时间不够，没有结束
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所有的比赛，所以有些比赛只好推迟到下周举行。carry
over延后；take
over接收，接管；get
over克服，干完(不太爱干的事)；turn
over移交。根据语境可知选A项。
30.People
come
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
into
your
life
for
a
reason,
a
season
or
a
lifetime.
When
you
_______
which
one
it
is,
you
will
know
what
to
do
for
each
person.
A.
give
out
B.
leave
out
C.
turn
out
D.
figure
out
【答案】D
【解析】句意：人们走进你
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的生活，或者是为了一个原因，或者他们只停留一段时间，或者他们与你永远相随。一旦明晓其中究竟，你就知道该如何为他们去做什么了。give
out发完，耗尽；leave
out遗漏；turn
out结果是……；figure
out计算出，得出。故D项适合。
31.Laplace,
the
as
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tronomer,
was
still
at
work
when
death
_______
him
at
seventy-eight.
A.
put
up
with
B.
catch
up
with
C.
line
up
with
D.
come
up
with
【答案】B
【解析】句意：天文学家拉普拉斯
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )78岁去世时还在工作着。put
up
with容忍；catch
up
with抓住，赶上；line
up
with排队；come
up
with提出，想出。此处采用拟人的修辞手法，使“死亡”这一概念变得生动形象起来，故选B项适合。
32.
Since
Perry
went
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )abroad,
his
house
has
been
neglected
and
weeds
are
_______
everywhere.
A.
winding
up
B.
springing
up
C.
lighting
up
D.
rising
up
【答案】B
【解析】句意：自从佩里出国以来，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他的住处疏于照看，到处长满了杂草。wind
up上紧发条；spring
up迅速成长，如雨后春笋涌现出；light
up点燃，点亮；rise
up上升，起来造反，起义。故选B。
33.I
wanted
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
_______
this
problem
with
him
over
the
phone,
but
it
was
like
banging
my
head
against
a
brick
wall.
A.
set
down
B.
appeal
to
C.
sort
out
D.
turn
up
【答案】C
【解祈】set
down
记下；appea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l
to
吸引；sort
out分类，解决；turn
up出现。句意：我曾想跟他通个电话把这个问题给解决了，但结果徒劳无功。故选C。
34.If
I
have
the
hono
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
to
be
elected,
I
will
honestly
fulfill
my
duty
and
never
_______
those
who
place
trust
in
me.
A.
count
on
B.
put
aside
C.
let
down
D.
submit
to
【答案】C
【解析】句意：如果我有幸当选，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我将忠诚于我的职责，绝不会让信任我的人失望。let
sb.
down“让某人失望”。count
on依赖，指望；put
aside搁置一边；submit
to屈服，让步。故选C项。
35.—What
do
you
think
of
your
schoolmaster
—He
is
an
outstanding
leader
who
_______
his
reputation.
A.
puts
up
with
B.
comes
up
with
C.
looks
up
to
D.
lives
up
to
【答案】D
【解析】put
up
with容忍，co
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me
up
with提出，想出；look
up
with敬仰；live
up
to不辜负。句意：“你认为你们的校长怎么样？”“他是一个名符其实的杰出领导。”故选择D。
36.Try
to
be
cheerful
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and
have
fun
in
life,
but
when
you
_______
work,
try
to
be
as
serious
as
you
can.
A.
give
way
to
B.
look
forward
to
C.
hold
on
to
D.
get
down
to
【答案】D
【解析】give
way
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to让位于，让位给，对……让步；look
forward
to期待，盼望；hold
on
to紧紧抓住，抓牢，坚持到底。get
down
to
work开始工作，着手工作。句意：尽量让自己快乐，生活中有乐趣，但是当你开始工作的时候，就要尽力做到严肃认真。
37.One
can
_______
another
person
without
any
words.
What
it
takes
is
a
shoulder
to
cry
on
and
an
ear
that
listens.
A.
take
advant
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )age
of
B.
spare
a
thought
for
C.
catch
sight
of
D.
reach
out
to
【答案】D
【解析】take
advan
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tage
of
利用；spare
a
thought
for替……着想；catch
sight
of
看见；reach
out
to
向……伸出援助之手。句意：一个人可以不通过语言而向他人伸出援助之手。所需要的是一个(在别人)痛哭时可以依偎的肩膀，以及一双聆听的耳朵。
38.It
is
rep
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orted
that
indoor
golf,
relatively
new,
is
starting
to
_______
traditional
markets,
especially
in
urban
areas
in
the
USA
and
Europe.
A.
face
up
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
look
back
on
C.
catch
up
on
D.
hang
on
to
【答案】C
【解析】face
up
to勇敢面对，正视
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；look
back
on回忆；catch
up
on对……有影响；hang
on
to
紧紧握住。句意：据报道，相对新型的室内高尔夫开始对传统的市场产生影响，尤其是对于美国和欧洲的都市区域的市场。根据题意可知选C项。
39.Ivory
Coas
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t’s
government
has
pledged(promise
solemnly
and
formally)
to
_______
the
victims
of
the
country’s
various
crises
between
1990
and
2012.
A.
compensate
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for
B.
catch
up
on
C.
make
up
for
D.
compensate
【答案】A
【解析】compensate
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or赔偿，补偿损失；catch
up
on赶完，对…有影响；make
up
for(用什么来)弥补；句意：科特迪瓦政府已承诺对1990至2012年之间所爆发各种危机的受害者们进行补偿。故选A。
40.Thanks
to
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
vivid
photos
going
with
the
text,
everything
in
the
book
_______
to
the
readers.
A.
comes
to
use
B.
comes
to
life
C.
comes
to
power
D.
comes
to
effect
【答案】B
【解析】come
to
lif
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e表现生动，变得活跃，启用；come
to
power执政；come
to
effect应为“come
into
effect”生效，实施，行之有效。句意：由于课文中配备了生动的照片，所以书中的一切对于读者来说都是那么的生动。
41.—What’s
up
What’s
that
terrible
noise
from
our
upstairs
neighbor
—The
spoiled
boy
is
yelling
and
screaming
to
_______,
I
guess.
A.
mend
his
way
B.
get
his
way
C.
push
his
way
D.
feel
his
way
【答案】B
【解析】mend
one’s
way改过
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )自新；get
one’s
way随心所欲push
one’s
way挤着前行；feel
one’s
way摸索着走(干)。句意：“怎么啦？楼上的邻居家那可怕吵闹声是怎么一回事？”“我猜，是那个被宠坏的男孩在随心所欲地大声欢呼和尖叫呢。”故选D。
42.The
twin
sister
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
were
shopping
for
hours
on
Women’s
Day
and
managed
to
_______
bags
of
bargains.
A.
come
across
B.
pick
up
C.
deal
with
D.
take
in
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这对双胞胎姐妹在妇女节这
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )天购物购了好几个小时，终于淘到了几包便宜货。pick
up以低价购买，符合本题题意。come
across偶遇；deal
with处理，应付；take
in吸收，理解，欺骗。
根据句意可知选B。
43.—Jack,
how
are
you
recently
—Just
so-so.
My
busin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess
failed
and
I
am
reduced
to
_______
occasionally
.
A.
burn
myself
out
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
hiring
myself
out
C.
trying
myself
out
D.
stretch
myself
out
【答案】B
【解析】burn
oneself
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut
(人等因过度劳累而)精疲力尽，(机器等因使用过度而)出故障；hiring
oneself
out
把自己雇出去，即为人打工；trying
oneself
out在自己身上试试；stretch
oneself
out躺着舒展身体，放松；be
reduced
to
doing
sth.使某人沦为做某事。句意：“杰克，最近怎么样？”“马马虎虎。我的生意失败啦。我现在沦落到偶尔为人打打工。”根据语境可知选B项。
44.It
is
amazin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
how
quickly
the
idea
“The
world
is
so
big
and
I
want
to
see
it
”
_______
throughout
the
country
and
everybody
seemed
to
be
talking
about
it.
A.
caught
on
B.
hung
on
C.
went
on
D.
carried
on
【答案】A
【解析】句意：“世界如此之大，我想去看
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )看”的想法在全国流行得如此之快令人惊讶。似乎人人都在谈论这个话题。catch
on流行起来；hang
on坚持下去，紧紧抓住；go
on
继续，发生；carry
on继续。故选A。
45.—Tony,
you
should
be
responsible
for
things
going
on.
—Yes!
I
always
_______
what
I
have
said.
A.
get
to
B.
hold
to
C.
lead
to
D.
see
to
【答案】B
【解析】get
to达到；
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hold
to坚持，恪守；lead
to导致；see
to注意。句意：“托尼，你应该对正在发生的事情负责。”“是的，我总是说到做到的(我会恪守我的承诺的)。”
46.For
Wester
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
readers,
one
of
the
pleasures
of
reading
Liu
Cixin,
the
author
of
“The
Three
Body
Problem,”
is
that
his
stories
_______
entirely
different
resources.
A.
draw
on
B.
put
on
C.
rely
on
D.
take
on
【答案】A
【解析】draw
on利用(资源等
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))，凭借；put
on
上演，穿上；rely
on依赖，依靠，信赖；take
on承担，呈现，雇用。句意：对西方读者来说，阅读作家刘慈欣《三体》作品的乐趣之一在于他的故事取材完全不同。
47.We
tend
to
have
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
a
better
memory
for
things
that
excite
our
senses
or
_______
our
emotions
than
for
straight
facts.
A.
block
off.
B.
appeal
to
C.
subscribe
to
D.
come
across
【答案】B.
【解析】block
off.
封锁，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )阻挡；appeal
to吸引，有感染力；subscribe
to订阅；come
across遇到。该句的句式使用了一个比较句式以及一个定语从句，看起来有一点复杂，其实这道题的关键就是连词or(或者)用于并列句。所以our
emotions表达是跟前面excite
our
senses(让我们激动)意思是相同的，根据句意不难得出答案是C选项(吸引)。句意：与毫无渲染的事实相比，我们更容易记住那些能使我们感官兴奋或者感染我们情绪的事情。
48.Harsh
reality
_______
our
edges
in
order
to
make
us
roll
further.
A.
rounds
off
B.
keeps
off
C.
turns
off
D.
leaves
off
【答案】A
【解析】句意：生活(严酷的现实)把我们磨圆
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(使我完美起来)，是为了让我们走得更远。round
off完成，使完美；keep
off远离；turn
off关闭；leave
off停止，中断。故选A。
49.Thanks
to
the
immed
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iate
measures
taken
by
the
central
government,
the
economy
of
China
_______
soon
after
the
global
financial
crisis.
A.
took
up
B.
rose
up
C.
picked
up
D.
put
up
【答案】C
【解析】take
up占据；r
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ise
up起义，反抗；pick
up捡起，偶然学得，恢复；put
up举起，留宿。句意：多亏了中央政府立即采取的措施，中国的经济在全球金融危机不久后就恢复了。根据句意选C。
50.In
order
to
lo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se
weight,
the
young
lady
prefers
to
_______
regularly
rather
than
take
expensive
weight-losing
pills.
A.
hang
out
B.
leave
out
C.
work
out
D.
figure
out
【答案】C
【解析】句意：为了减肥，年轻女性更倾向于规律性地做运动而不是去吃昂贵的减肥药。hang
out闲逛；
leave
out遗漏；work
out锻炼，解决；figure
out解决，想出。根据句意，故选C。2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题06动词和动词短语
考点聚焦(教师版)
动词是英语中是构成句子的核心
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。在考试说明中，动词占词汇表总词汇量的1/3以上，起着举足轻重的作用。动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大，命题者着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用，以测试考生对基础知识的掌握程度。高考对动词的考查主要集中在两个方面：动词(短语)的意义和动词的搭配等。
考点1
形似动词的考查
①A
completely
new
sit
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uation
will
_______
when
the
examination
system
comes
into
existence.
A.
rise
B.
arise
C.
arouse
D.
raise
【答案与解析】B。rise
上升，增强(不
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )及物动词)，起来；arise
出现，上升，起立(不及物动词)；raise表示提高(及物动词)；arouse
引起，激起(及物动词)、觉醒，醒来，唤醒(不及物动词)。根据句意：当考试系统形成的时候，一个完全的新局面就会出现。根据句意故选B。
②After
class,
Mr.
Zh
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ang’s
extra
instructions
to
the
class
helped
_______
the
assignment
to
his
students.
A.
classify
B.
clarify
C.
cater
D.
compensate
【答案与解析】B。class
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ify分类；clarify阐明，明确；cater迎合；compensate
补偿。句意：下课后，张老师给全班做了额外的指导以帮助明确给学生的任务。选B。
③How
can
I
_______
money
from
my
bank
account
to
his
A.
transfer
B.
transform
C.
transmit
D.
transplant
【答案与解析】A。tra
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nsfer移交，转让；transform使改变；transmit传染；transplant移植。句意：我如何把我账户内的钱转让到他的账户上呢？所以选A。
④Because
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
financial
crisis
this
year,
the
company
decided
not
to
_______
dividends(股息)to
its
shareholders.
A.
vary
B.
distribute
C.
disturb
D.
contribute
【答案与解析】B。vary变化，改变；di
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stribute分配，分开；disturb打扰，妨碍；contribute贡献，出力。句意：因为今年的经济危机，公司决定不给股东们分配股息。故选B。
⑤While
intelligent
pe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople
can
often
_______
the
complex,
a
fool
is
more
likely
to
complicate
the
simple.
A.
sacrifice
B.
substitute
C.
simplify
D.
survive
【答案与解析】C。sacrifice牺牲；
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )substitute代替；simplify简化；survive幸存。句意：聪明的人能够将复杂问题简单化，而傻瓜往往将简单的问题复杂化。
⑥Thousands
of
foreig
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ners
were
_______
to
the
Shanghai
World
Expo
the
day
it
opened.
A.
attended
B.
attained
C.
attracted
D.
attached
【答案与解析】C。attend出席，参加；
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )attain获得，达到，实现；attract吸引；attach附上，贴上。attract
sb.吸引某人。句意：成千上万的外宾被吸引来参加上海世博会。
⑦The
good
thing
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
about
children
is
that
they
_______
very
easily
to
new
environments.
A.
adapt
B.
appeal
C.
attach
D.
apply
【答案与解析】A。句意：对于孩子
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们来说比较好的是他们能够非常容易地适应新的环境。adapt
to
适应；appeal
to呼吁，使感兴趣；attach
to粘贴，附属于，隶属于；apply
to申请。所以答案为A项。
考点2
动词意义的考查
①(2016高考英语江苏卷)He
did
n
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot
_______
easily,
but
was
willing
to
accept
any
constructive
advice
for
a
worthy
cause.
A.
approach
B.
wrestle
C.
compromise
D.
communicate
【答案与解析】C。approach
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协，和解，让步；communicate交流。句意：他是不轻易做出妥协的，但是他愿意接受为值得一做的事业所提出的任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。
②(2016高考英语浙江卷)We
can
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chieve
a
lot
when
we
learn
to
let
our
differences
unite,
rather
than
_______
us.
A.
divide
B.
reject
C.
control
D.
abandon
【答案与解析】A。divide将……分开
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；reject拒绝，拒收；control控制；abandon放弃。句意：当我们学会搁置分歧团结起来而不是让分歧分裂我们的时候，我们就会收获很多。
③(2016高考英语浙江卷)When
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
time
came
to
make
the
final
decision
for
a
course
,
I
decided
to
apply
for
the
one
that
_______
my
interest.
A.
limited
B.
reserved
C.
reflected
D.
spoiled
【答案与解析】C。句意：当
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请一门能反映我兴趣的课程。limit限制；reserve保留；reflect反映，反射；spoil宠坏。故选C。
④If
steel
is
heavier
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )han
water,
why
are
ships
able
to
_______
on
the
sea
A.
float
B.
drown
C.
shrink
D.
split
【答案与解析】A。句意：如果钢的质量重于水，那为什么船可以浮在水面上？float漂浮；drown淹死；shrink收缩；split洒出。
⑤Studies
have
show
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
that
the
right
and
left
ear
_______
sound
differently.
A.
produce
B.
pronounce
C.
process
D.
download
【答案与解析】C。句意：研究已经表明，左右耳
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )处理声音的方式是不同的。produce生产或制造；意为pronounce发音；process处理；download下载。耳朵不能够生产或制造，也不能发音，更不可能下载。所以答案只能是处理，也就是C。
⑥Schools
should
be
li
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vely
places
where
individuals
are
encouraged
to
_______
to
their
greatest
potential.
A.
accelerate
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
improve
C.
perform
D.
develop
【答案与解析】D。句意：学校应该
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。accelerate加速，加快；improve改善，提高；perform表现，表演；develop发展。故选D项。
⑦Top
graduates
from
universities
are
_______
by
major
companies.
A.
chased
B.
registered
C.
offered
D.
compensated
【答案与解析】A。chase追求，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )追寻；register登记，注册；offer主动提供；compensate补偿，赔偿，报酬。句意：顶尖的高校毕业生受到了许多大公司的追捧(青睐)。
⑧—Are
you
still
mad
at
her
—Not
really,
but
I
can’t
_______
that
her
remarks
hurt
me.
A.
deny
B.
refuse
C.
reject
D.
decline
【答案与解析】A。句意：“你还生她的气吗
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )？”“不见得，但是我不否认她的话伤害了我。”deny否认，否定；refuse，reject，decline都是拒绝的意思。not
deny无法否认。故选A。
⑨Some
people
e
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
with
their
eyes.
They
prefer
to
order
what
_______
nice.
A.
looks
B.
smells
C.
feels
D.
tastes
【答案与解析】A。考查系动词辨析与上句中
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的eat
with
their
eyes相对，后句应该为看起来很好吃的东西。故正确答案为A。句意：一些人用眼睛来选择吃什么。他们喜欢点那些看上去好看的食物。
考点3
动词搭配的考查
①(2016高考英语天津卷)I’m
going
to
_______
advantage
of
this
tour
to
explore
the
history
of
the
castle.
A.
put
B.
make
C.
take
D.
give
【答案与解析】C。句意：我要利用这次
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。使用短语take
advantage
of，意为“利用”，其它选项不能和advantage
of搭配。故选C。
②See,
your
computer
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as
broken
down
again!
It
doesn’t
_______
sense
to
buy
the
cheapest
brand
of
computer
just
to
save
a
few
dollars.
A.
have
B.
make
C.
display
D.
bring
【答案与解析】B。句意：看看，你的电脑又坏
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。考查动词短语的固定搭配：make
sense有意义。根据句意可知选B。
③My
parents
always
_
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______
great
importance
to
my
getting
a
good
education.
A.
have
B.
attach
C.
accept
D.
pay
【答案与解析】B。本题是动词固
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定搭配。have拥有；attach使……附着；accept接受；pay付钱；B项构成固定搭配attach
sth.
to
sth.把……依附到……之上；
attach
importance
to重视……。句意：我的父母亲很重视让我得到良好的教育。根据句意说明B正确。
④The
watch
was
very
good,
and
he
_______
20
percent
down
for
it.
A.
paid
B.
cost
C.
bought
D.
spent
【答案与解析】A。pay的主语是人
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，构成sb
pays
some
money
for
sth某人花钱买某物；cost主语是物，构成it
costs
sb
some
money
to
do
sth做某事花费某人多少钱；buy的主语是人，构成sb
buys
sth
for
sb或sb
buys
sb
sth某人给另一人买某物；spend主语是人，构成sb
spends
time/money
on
sth/
(in)
doing
sth某人花时间或金钱在某事上/做某事。句意：这块表非常不错，而且他以(比原价)少20%的价钱买的它。
⑤You
are
old
enough
to
_______
your
own
living.
A.
win
B.
gain
C.
take
D.
earn
【答案与解析】D。句意：你已经到了可以
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )自己谋生的年龄了。earn
one’s
living讯ig意为“挣钱；维持生计”，为固定搭配，还可以说make
one’s
living。
⑥What
are
you
doing
out
of
bed,
Tom
You’re
_______
to
be
asleep.
A.
supposed
B.
known
C.
thought
D.
considered
【答案与解析】A。out
of
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed未上床，起床的意思，be
supposed
to
do应当，应该。句意：Tom，你不上床睡觉在做什么？你现在应该睡觉啦。
考点4熟词生义的考查
①Shakespeare's
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )writing
is
still
popular
today.
It
has
really
_______
the
test
of
time.
A.
failed
B.
stood
C.
taken
D.
conducted
【答案与解析】B。fail失
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )败，未能做某事；stand站立，承受，经历，忍耐；D执行。句意：莎士比亚的作品现在仍然很流行，它真正地承受了时间的考验了。根据句意可知本句中的stand表示承受。故B正确。
②The
new
movie
_______
to
be
one
of
the
biggest
money-makers
of
all
time.
A.
promises
B.
agrees
C.
pretends
D.
declines
【答案与解析】A。promis
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e除了表示“允诺，答应”外，还有“有……的希望”的意思；agree同意，赞同；pretend假装；decline衰老，衰退。只有promises符合题意。句意：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。
③Once
you
submit
the
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nline
form,
your
application
shall
be
_______
within
a
week
and
you
will
get
a
reply
afterwards.
A.
preserved
B.
processed
C.
prepared
D.
predicted
【答案与解析】B。pres
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erve保存，保护；process处理，加工，审阅，审核；prepare准备了；predict预测。句意：一旦你提交了表格，你的申请会在一个星期内得到审核，你很快会得到一个答复的。根据句意说明B正确。
考点5
动词短语的考查
▲同一动词与介词或副词构成的短语
①How
could
you
_______
such
a
fantastic
job
when
you
have
been
out
of
work
for
months.
A.
turn
off
B.
turn
in
C.
turn
down
D.
turn
to
【答案与解析】C。turn
off关闭
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；turn
in上交；turn
down拒绝，调低；turn
to求助，转向。句意：你已经失业好几个月了，怎么还要拒绝这么好的工作呢？根据句意可知C项符合上下文含义。
②Ralph
W.
Emerson
woul
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
always
_______
new
ideas
that
occurred
to
him.
A.
set
off
B.
set
about
C.
set
up
D.
set
down
【答案与解析】D。set
off出发，开始；点燃；set
about着手，开始(后面接动名词doing)；set
up建立，成立，设立；set
down写下，记下。句意：拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生过去总会记下他突然想起的新主意。根据句意说明本句中使用set
down表示写下，记下。故D正确。
③—Dad
,
I
don’t
think
Oliver
the
right
sort
of
person
for
the
job.
—I
see.
I
will
go
right
away
and
_______.
A.
pay
him
back
B.
pay
him
off
C.
put
him
away
D.
put
him
off
【答案与解析】B。pay
ba
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ck
偿还，回报；pay
off付清，(付清工资后)解雇；put
away收拾，储存；put
off推迟。句意：“爸爸，我认为奧利弗是不适合这份工作的那种人。”“我知道，我马上付清工资后解雇他(付清工资后让他走人)”故B正确。
④I’ve been try
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t
seem to
_______.
A. get through
B. get off
C. get in
D. get along
【答案与解析】A。get
through
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )完成，接通电话；度过；get
off出发，离开；get
in收割，插话；get
along相处，进展。句意：整个晚上我都在试图给查尔斯打电话，但是网络肯定是出了故障：我似乎不能接通他的电话。根据there
must
be
something
wrong
with
the
network可知电话网络出了问题，我无法接通他的电话。故A正确。
⑤He
had
to
paus
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
from
time
to
time
to
wipe
the
sweat
from
his
forehead,
because
the
air-conditioning
system
_______.
A.
broke
in
B.
broke
up
C.
broke
out
D.
broke
down
【答案与解析】D。break
in
强行闯
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )入，进入；break
up结束，分解，解散，断绝关系，(婚姻关系)破裂；break
out
(战争，火灾等)突然发生，爆发；break
down
(机械等)故障，毁坏。故选D项。句意：他不得不时不时的停下来擦拭额头上的汗，因为空调出了故障。
▲不同动词跟同一介词或副词构成的短语
①(2016高考英语江苏卷
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Many
businesses
started
up
by
college
students
have
_______
thanks
to
the
comfortable
climate
for
business
creation.
A.
fallen
off
B.
taken
off
C.
turned
off
D.
left
off
【答案与解析】B。fall
off
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )跌落，下降；take
off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn
off关闭；leave
off停止，中断。句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B正确。
②Peter
will
_______
his
post
as
the
head
of
the
travel
agency
at
the
end
of
next
month.
A.
take
up
B.
put
up
C.
add
up
D.
break
up
【答案与解析】A。句意：彼得在下个
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )月底将担任这家旅行的社负责人。take
up拿起，开始从事；put
up竖立；搭建；add
up加起来；break
up结束，分解，解散，断绝关系，(婚姻关系)破裂。所以选A。
③The
whole
team
_______
Cristiano
Ronaldo,
and
he
seldom
lets
them
down.
A.
wait
on
B.
focus
on
C.
count
on
D.
call
on
【答案与解析】C。句意：全队都指望克里
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，他很少让他们失望过。wait
on服侍，等待；focus
on集中(注意力)于；count
on指望，依靠；call
on呼吁，拜访。故选C项。
④Sorry,
I
hav
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
to
_______
now.
It’s
time
for
class.—OK,
I’ll
call
back
later.
A.
hang
up
B.
break
up
C.
give
up
D.
hold
up
【答案与解析】A。句意：“对不起我
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的挂电话了，上课的时间到了。”“好的,我会再打电话来。”hang
up挂断电话；break
up结束，分解，解散；give
up放弃；hold
up
举起，提出，抓举，支持住，阻挡。根据句意应选A项。
⑤—
I’
m
surprised
to
hear
that
Sue
and
Paul
have
_______.
—So
am
I.
They
seemed
very
happy
together
when
I
last
saw
them.
A.
broken
up
B.
finished
up
C.
divided
up
D
closed
up
【答案与解析】A。break
up结束，分解，解散，断绝关系，(婚姻关系)破裂；finish
up结果成为，最终到来；divide
up分隔，分割；close
up(伤口)愈合。句意：“听说苏和保罗
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网"
\t
"_blank )分手了我很惊讶地。”“我也是。上一次我看见他们的时候，他们似乎在一起很开心的。”
▲不同动词跟其它词构成的动词短语
①(2016高考英语江苏卷)Pa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rents
should
actively
urge
their
children
to
_______
the
opportunity
to
join
sports
teams.
A.
gain
admission
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
keep
track
of
C.
take
advantage
of
D.
give
rise
to
【答案与解析】C。gain
adm
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ission
to
获准进入；keep
track
of记录；take
advantage
of利用；give
rise
to引起。句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。
②(2016高考英语浙江卷)Whe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
their
children
lived
far
away
from
them
,
these
old
people
felt
_______
from
the
world.
A.
carried
away
B.
broken
down
C.
cut
off
D.
brought
up
【答案与解析】C。句意：当孩子远离
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他们生活的时候，这些老人感觉和世界隔绝了。carry
away带走，夺走；break
down崩溃，破坏，抛锚，分解；cut
off切断；bring
up养育，培养。故选C。
③(2016高考英语天津卷)Mary
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
was
silent
during
the
early
part
of
the
discussion
but
finally
she
_______
her
opinion
on
the
subject.
A.
gave
voice
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
B.
kept
an
eye
on
C.
turned
a
deaf
ear
of
D.
set
foot
on
【答案与解析】A.。句意
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：玛丽在讨论的起初默不作声，但是最后她说出了自己对这个话题的观点。give
voice
to将……说出，透露，表明；keep
an
eye
on注意，照看；turn
a
deaf
ear
of对……充耳不闻；set
foot
on踏上。根据语境，故选A。
④(2016高考英语天津卷)I
hate
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
it
when
she
calls
me
at
work—I’m
always
too
busy
to
_______
a
conversation
with
her.
A.
carry
on
B.
break
into
C.
turn
down
D.
cut
off
【答案与解析】A。句意：我讨厌她在上
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )班的时候给我打电话。我总是太忙了不可能和她进行通话。carry
on进行；break
into破门而入；turn
down拒绝，声音调低；cut
off切断。故选A。
⑤Body
language
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
can
_______
a
lot
about
your
mood,
so
standing
with
your
arms
folded
can
send
out
a
signal
that
you
are
being
defensive.
A.
take
away
B.
throw
away
C.
put
away
D.
give
away
【答案与解析】D。句意：肢体语言在很大程度
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上可以暴露你的情绪。所以手折起来站着，表示你是有防范的。take
away拿走；
throw
away扔掉；put
away放好；
give
away泄露，而且和send
out同义。所以得出答案为D。
⑥The
university
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )started
some
new
language
programs
to
_______
the
country’s
Silk
Road
Economic
Belt.
A.
apply
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
cater
for
C.
appeal
to
D.
hunt
for
【答案与解析】B。句意：这所大学启动了
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一些新的语言项目，以满足国家丝绸之路经济带之需。apply
to向……申请，适用于……；
cater
for迎合，满足……的需要，为……提供服务；
appeal
to对……有吸引力，呼吁；hunt
for猎取，寻找。故选B项。
⑦Anyway,
we’re
here
now
,so
let’s
_______
some
serious
work.
A.
come
up
with
B.
get
down
to
C.
do
away
with
D.
live
up
to
【答案与解析】B。come
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up
with想出，提出；get
down
to开始认真做某事，着手做某事；do
away
with废除，消灭；live
up
to符合，不辜负。句意：不关怎么样，我们现在这里了，让我们开始认真工作吧！B项get
down
to中的to是介词，后面要接名词或者动名词做宾语。故B正确。2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题06动词和动词短语
知识精讲(学生版)
说明：这一讲不涉及动词的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词以及情态动词等语法内容(这部分请参看后面
有关的各专题的内容)。
动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )高考题中动词所占比例最大。2013-2016四年全国及各自主命题的省市的高考英语试题中单项选择题部分共涉及到280个动词(短语)，其中有49个为重复考点，故实际考查了231个动词(短语)：104个单个动词加上127个动词短语(见附录)。其实考查动词和动词短语的还有完形填空题、语法填空题(全国卷)、短文改错题(全国卷)以及任务型阅读题(江苏卷)等，由此可见动词和动词短语是我们高考英语复习的重中之重。
一、动词的分类
(一)实义动词
在英语中能够独立作谓语的动词叫做实义动词。
1.按性质分，实义动词又可分成及物动词和不及物动词
(1)及物动词是指其后必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词
“How
long
can
I
keep
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
book
”
Harry
asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久 ”(宾语the
book)
Dr.
Bethune
set
us
a
good
example.白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。(双宾语us
a
good
example)
Crude
oil
contains
many
useful
substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。(宾语many
useful
substances)
I
believe
that
the
you
are
right.我相信你是对的。(that宾语从句)
(2)不及物动词是指本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词
It
happened
in
June
1
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
She
spoke
at
the
meeting
yesterday
evening.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
(3)兼作及物动词和不及物
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：
①兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变
Shall
I
begin
at
once 我可以立刻开始吗 (begin作不及物动词)
She
began
working
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
a
librarian
after
she
left
school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
When
did
they
leave
Chicago 他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的 (leave作及物动词)
They
left
last
week.他们是上周离开的.(left作不及物动词)
②兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义和用法不尽相同
Wash
your
hands
before
meals.饭前要洗手。
Does
this
kind
of
cloth
wash
well 这种布耐洗吗？
(4)不要用汉语去套英语动词的及物和不及物，否则容易误用英语动词
有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而汉语则可用作及物动词。反之亦然。
We
arrived
at
the
railway
station
at
noon.我们于中午到达了火车站。
(at不能省去)(比较：We
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ached
the
railway
station
at
noon.我们于中午到达了火车站。)
Everybody
is
listening
to
the
lecture.每个人都在认真听讲座。
(to不可省去)(比较：We
al
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l
heard
the
lecture.我们都听过这个讲座。)
Our
children
are
taught
to
serve
the
people
wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教育要全心全意为人民服务。
(容易在serve后加上介词for)
2.按时限分，实义动词又可分成延续性动词和非延续性动词(短暂性动词)
延续性动词动作可以延续，可以与表示一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段时间的状语连用。如：live,
study,
work,
stay,
keep,
have等。
非延续性动词(短暂性动词)动作瞬间完成，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：finish,
come,
open,
bring,
buy等。
The
evening
n
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ews
comes
on
at
seven
o’clock
and
_______
only
thirty
minutes.
A.
keeps
B.
continues
C.
finishes
D.
lasts
【答案与解析】
(二)连系动词
连系动词本身有一定词义，但不完整，不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成合成谓语。我们最常见的
连系动词就是“be”，常
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )翻译成汉语的“是”。“be”是原形，其变化形式有：is/am/are/was/were/
been/being等。其实连系动词还有下列这些情况：
1.表示“状态”类的连系动词：常见的有
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：keep
(保持)，stay
(保持)，remain
(依然保持)，seem
(似乎是)，appear
(似乎，显得)，prove
(证明是)，这类词表示具有或保持某种特征或状态。
The
meat
will
keep/stay
fresh
for
several
days.肉会保鲜好几天的。
The
store
remains
closed.
What’s
the
matter 已经是上午十点了，商店仍然关着门，是怎么回事
The
chairwoman
seem
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
very
surprised
about
the
question
I
asked.女主席似乎对我提出的问题感到吃惊。
The
sky
appears
blue
on
the
earth.从地球上看天空似乎是蓝色的。
As
time
went
on,
his
theory
proved
(to
be)
true.随着时间的推移，他的理论证明是正确的。
2.表示
“感官”类的连系动词：主要指与五种感官有关的动词：look
(看起来)，sound
(听起来)，smell
(闻
起来)，taste
(尝起来)，feel
(摸起来/摸上去/感到)。
The
Sydney
Opera
House
looks
just
like
seashells。悉尼歌剧院看上去就像海贝。
The
story
sounds
true.这个故事听起来像是真实的。
The
meat
you
boug
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht
last
week
smells
terrible.
It
has
gone
bad.你上周买的肉难闻极了，它已经臭了。
Those
oranges
on
sale
taste
good.卖的那些橘子尝起来很好吃。
Silk
feels
soft.丝绸摸上去很柔软。
3.表示“变化”类的连系动词
turn
(变成)，grow
(变得)，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )get
(变成)，become
(变成)，come
(变得)，go
(变得)，fall
(进入某状态)。
它们的用法注意点见下表：
连系动词
用法注意点
turn
后面跟名词作表语，名词前无冠词且常用
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )单数He
turned
writer
after
he
graduated
from
a
medical
college.他从医学院毕业后成了作家。
grow
渐渐变得……起来，主要表示逐渐变化，强调变化的过程The
pollution
problem
is
growing
serious.污染问题日见严峻。My
younger
brother
is
growing
tall.我的弟弟渐渐长高了。Mary’s
growing
to
be
more
and
more
like
her
mother.玛丽越来越像她妈妈了。
get
跟过去分词作表语常常表示被动意义或者做(完成了)一个动作Last
night
I
got
caught
in
the
downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了。The
new
car
got
scratched.新车给刮坏了。get
dressed穿(好了)衣服
get
changed
换(好了)衣服后面跟不定式强调“渐进变化的过程”You’ll
soon
get
to
know
about
the
result.你不久就会了解到结果的。
become
后面跟名词作表语，单数名词前要有冠词He
became
a
writer
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )after
he
graduated
from
a
medical
college.他从医学院毕业后成了作家。跟过去分词作表语常常表示被动意义The
room
soon
became
crowded.屋里一会儿就挤满了人。
come
主要指向好的方面变化Her
wish
came
true.她的愿望实现了。Everything
came
right.一切顺利。【注】come
除表示向好的方
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )面变化外，还有以下常见搭配值得注意：come
untied
解开，come
loose
变松，come
undone
松开。后面跟不定式表示“最终变得”I’ve
really
come
to
love
this
place.我终于爱上了此地。
go
指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化go
bald/deaf/mad/blind
发秃/变聋/发疯/变瞎
go
hungry
挨饿
go
naked
光着身子
go
wrong出故障，出毛病The
meat’s
gone
bad.肉变已经坏了。The
radio’s
gone
wrong.收音机出毛病了。
fall
后常接以下形容词：asleep,
lame,
silent,
ill,
sickThe
old
men,
unable
to
express
himself,
fell
silent.那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不作声了。His
father
fell
ill
anddied.他的父亲生病死了。
注意：①所有连系动词都没有被动语态，除“变化”类中的fall和feel以外的连系动词都不可用于进行
时态中。
—Do
you
like
the
material
你喜欢这块布料吗
—Yes,
it
feels
soft.
是的，它摸上去很柔软。
He
is
feeling
even
worse
today.他今天感觉更糟了。
②绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词，在解题时要正确区分，否则就会出错。
good,
the
food
has
been
sold
out.
A.
Tasted
B.
Having
been
tasted
C.
Tasting
D.
To
taste
【答案与解析】
(三)助动词
本身无词义，不能独立作谓语。用来表示否定，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )疑问，时态、语态等语法形式。助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语)。常见的有：be(am,
is,
are,
was,
were),do(does,
did),
have(has/had),
will,
would,
shall,
should等。
(四)情态动词
本身有一定意义，只能和实义动
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词一起构成谓语。没有人称和数的变化，常用来表示说话人的语气和情态。常见的有can(could),
may(might),
must,
shall(should),
will,
would,
ought
to,
dare,
need等等。
注意：以上四类动词都有交叉的地方。如“
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )do,
have”既可以作实义动词又可以作助动词；“be”既可以作连系动词又可以作助动词；“dare,
need”既可以作实义动词又可以作情态动词。
二、单个动词的使用注意点
这一类动词要靠我们平时的积累。现略举几例如下：
1.形似动词
affect(影响)，afford(买得起，提供)，offer(给予，提供)
adapt(使适应)，adopt(采纳，收养)
attend(出席，参加)，attain(获得，达到，实现)，attract(吸引)，attach(附上，贴上)
commit(犯)，submit(提交，呈递)，permit(允许)，admit(承认)
classify(分类)，clarify(阐明，明确)
compromise(妥协，让步)，compensate(补偿，弥补)
conclude(下结论)，construct(建造，构建)，calculate(计算，统计)
conserve(保护)，preserve(保护，维护)，reserve(保留)
consume(消耗)，assume(假定)
contribute(捐献，贡献)，distribute(分配)，disturb(打扰，妨碍)
explode(爆炸)，explore(考查，探究)，export(出口)
imply(暗示)，apply(应用)，supply(提供)，reply(答复)
inspect(检查)，expect(期待)，respect(尊敬)，suspect(怀疑)
require(要求)，acquire(获得)，inquire(询问)，inspire(鼓舞)
resist(抵抗)，persist(持续)，insist(坚持)，assist(帮助)，consist(由……组成)；
rise(上升)，arise(出现)，raise(提高)，arouse(唤醒)
sacrifice(牺牲)，substitute(代替)，simplify(简化)，survive(幸存)
succeed(成功)，proceed(进行)，exceed(超越)
translate(翻译)，trans
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )port(运输)，transplant(移植)，transform(使改变，转变)，transfer(移交，传染)
2.义似动词
①identify,
recognize
identify指辨别、确定人的身份或物品的归属等；
recognize指所辨认的人或物多是以前所熟悉的。
②improve,
better,
perfect
improve
最常用词，多指状态或性质上的深刻或重要改进，也可指自身能力的提高；
better多用于口语，指适当地改善原来并非很差的状态或性质，也指社会地位、经济状况的改善；
perfect
语义强，通常指使方法、技术等达到完善美好的境地。
③induce,
persuade,
urge,
convince,
advise
induce指用讲道理来使某人做某事；
persuade普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事；
urge语气强，指不断地热情地规劝诱导；
convince指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服；
advise只指劝说的过程，不涉及劝的结果即劝服。
④infer,
deduce,
conclude,
gather,
judge
infer指从已提供的论据或从已接受的前提出发而推断出的结论；
deduce指有充分根据的推论，也指逻辑学上的演绎；
conclude指得出符合逻辑的结论；
gather指从听到的情况推测、判定；
judge多指经过仔细鉴定或评价之后作出决断。
⑤issue,
distribute,
publish
issue多指通过官方或正式渠道正式发行；
distribute指把东西分发给所属者或应得者；
publish普通用词，多指出版发行文字作品，也指发布新闻或发表见解等。
3.熟词生义
access接近，进入，使用，接近，获取
advertise宣传，宣扬，做宣传
add接着说，补充道
address称呼，向……发表演说
admit允许进入，容纳
attend照料，照顾
decline谢绝，婉拒
catch理解，明白
count重要，认为
cover走完(一段路)，够付(费用)，看完(多少页书)
escape被忘记
fail不足，缺乏，(视力、健康)衰退
fetch卖得(好价钱)
follow理解
forward推进，促进，发展
mirror反射，反映
hold容纳
occur被想到
operate运转，起作用经营
observe遵守，奉行
present介绍，赠送
promise使很可能，预示
run
竞选，运转，管理
rank使成横排，把……分类
rate认为，把……算作
shape塑造，使符合，体现
stand容忍，忍受
succeed继承，接任
top形成顶部，达到……的顶端，处于……的最前头
wear磨损，经磨，耐用
4.复现率低的动词(来源于2016全国各地高考模拟试题)
accommodate供给住宿，使适应，容纳
accumulate积累，堆积，聚集
acknowledge意识到，承认
adore崇拜，爱慕
advocate提倡，鼓吹，拥护，为……辩护
allocate分配，分派，把……拨给
anticipate预期，心里的期望
assess评定，估价
cease停止，终止，结束
compile编译，编制，汇编，编辑
complicate使复杂化，使错综
comprehend理解，领会
condemn谴责，使……注定
cultivate培养，陶冶，耕作
deposit储蓄，寄存，放置，安置，付保证金
discount打折扣，不相信
demonstrate演示，说明，论证，证明
discriminate区分，区别
dominate支配，控制
exclude排斥，排除，不包括
exploit
开采
generate引发，形成，造成，产生(后代)，
引起
fascinate吸引住，使着迷
innovate改革，创新
interfere干预，干涉，妨碍
label贴标签于，把……称为，把……列为
overlook远眺，瞭望
plot密谋，以图表画出，为(文学作品)设计情节
polish磨光，润色，擦光，修改
pursue追求
release释放，发布，发行，放开，泄露
reveal揭露，泄露，显露
stimulate刺激
swallow吞，咽
switch转换，转变，改变，关闭电源
undergo经历，经验，遭受，承受
update更新，使现代化
wary不同，改变
withdraw撤退，撤走，拿走
三、短语动词的构成和用法注意点
1.动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类
Please
turn
off
every
light
in
the
house.
请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)
Harry
turned
up
afte
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
the
party
when
everyone
had
left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(不及物)
①Don’t
be
so
discourag
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed.
If
you
_______
such
feelings,
you
will
do
better
next
time.
A.
carry
on
B.
get
back
C.
break
down
D.
put
away
【答案与解析】
②I
was
still
sleep
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing
when
the
fire
_______,and
then
it
spread
quickly.
A.
broke
out
B.
put
out
C.
came
out
D.
got
out
【答案与解析】
注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开
She
turned
off
all
the
lights
which
had
been
left
on.
她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。
②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。
She
gave
them
away.她把它们送掉了。
③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。
break
out爆发
break
up打碎；分解
break
down出毛病；抛锚；分解；崩溃
2.动词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词
I'm
looking
for
my
glasses.我在找我的眼镜。
注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面；
②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异(look
after照料/look
at看/look
for寻找)。
①Once
a
decision
has
been
made,
all
of
us
should
_______
it.
A.
direct
to
B.
stick
to
C.
lead
to
D.
refer
to
【答案与解析】
②It’s
the
present
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ituation
in
poor
areas
that
_______
much
higher
spending
on
education
and
training.
A.
answers
for
B.
provides
for
C.
calls
for
D.
plans
for
【答案与解析】
3.动词+副词(名词/反身代词)+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词
I
look
forward
to
seeing
you
soon.
我盼望不久就见到你。
①I
don’t
_______
rock
‘n’
roll.
It’s
much
too
noisy
for
my
taste.
A.
go
after
B.
go
away
with
C.
go
into
D.
go
in
for
【答案与解析】
②Why
do
we
have
to
_
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______
Joan’s
selfish
behavior
She
should
learn
to
care
for
others.
A.
keep
up
with
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
catch
up
with
C.
put
up
with
D.
come
up
with
【答案与解析】
③You
can’t
imagine
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
what
difficulty
we
had
_______
home
in
the
snowstorm.
A.
walked
B.
walk
C.
to
walk
D.
walking
【答案与解析】
④She
devoted
herself
_______
the
problems
of
the
teenagers.
A.
in
studying
B.
at
studying
C.
to
study
D.
to
studying
【答案与解析】
4.熟词生义
put
up过夜
turn
out出席，在场，到场
turn
up被发现，被找到
work
out以某种方式发展，锻炼
rule
out排除
agree
with适合
make
out开出
stand
up经得起
take
on雇用
pay
off
有回报，成功结清工资并解雇(某人)
pay
for为……付出代价
pick
up康复
leave
out不考虑
set
off引起，激起
take
off迅速流行
break
down(计划)失败
5.复现率低的动词短语(来源于2016全国各地高考模拟试题)
allow
for考虑到，体谅
bump
into撞上，偶然遇见
catch
on变得流行，投合心意
cater
to迎合，投合
come
around来临
come
to
life表现生动，变得活跃，启用
compensate
for赔偿，补偿损失，取偿，抵补
count
up加起来总共
draw
on利用(资源等)，凭借，(时光)渐渐过去
draw
out拉长，掏出，鼓励
fall
to
step
(with
sb.)同……步伐一致，跟风
hire
oneself
out
把自己雇出去，即为人打工
lay
down放下，献出生命
lay
off下岗，解雇
lay
on征收，安装(水，电，煤气)
lay
out陈列，设计，安排，陈设，展示
pull
over靠边停靠/停车，开到路边，靠岸
pull
up拔出，(使)停止
put
over推迟，驶过，使被接受
retire
to
bed
就寝
range
from...to...范围从……到……
shrink
from躲避，避开，推卸
spare
a
thought
for替……着想
spring
up跳起/跃起/迅速成长，如雨后春笋涌现出
wind
up上紧发条
wipe
away抹掉
附录：2013-2016四年高考所考查过的动词和动词短语
单个动词(104个)
abandon放弃
accelerate加速，加快
accept接受
affect影响
allow允许
analyze分析
approach靠近，接近
associate联系，(使)联合，结交
avoid
避免
bring带来，拿来
buy购买，购得，够支付，买通，收买
cause导致
chase追求，追寻
check检查
communicate交流
compensate补偿，赔偿，报酬
complain抱怨
compromise妥协，和解，让步
conclude终止，得出结论
conduct执行
consult咨询
control控制
convince使……相信，使……信服，说服
copy抄写，复制
cost价钱为，花费，付出代价，估计成本
create创造
declare(正式)宣称
decorate装饰
demand要求，命令，指挥
develop发展，培养
display显示，陈列，展开，伸展，夸示，炫耀
dispute辩论，争论
divide将……分开
download下载
drown淹死，浸没
enjoy喜欢
establish建立，成立
evaluate评价，估价
experience经历
face面对
fail失败，未能做某事
float漂浮
give给，供给，赠送
guarantee保证，担保
have有，具有，拿，取得，从事，必须，不得不
help帮助，有助于，有利于
hold握着，持有，容纳
ignore忽视，不理睬
imply隐含，暗示
improve改善，提高
inform通知
involve涉及到
lead领导，带领
limit限制，限定
make制造，使
match相配，比得上
misunderstand误解
negotiate谈判，协商，交涉
observe观察，庆祝，遵守
offer主动提供
pay付款，偿还，补偿支付，给予
perform表现
practice练习，实践
predict预测，预见
preserve保护
prevent阻止
process处理，加工，审阅，审核
produce生产或制造
pronounce发音
prove证明，结果是……
put放，举，表达，使处于(某种状态)
qualify使具有资格
raise提出，举起，抚养，提升
realize意识到，实现
recall回忆
recover使恢复
reflect反映，反射
refuse拒绝，拒收
reject拒绝，排斥，抛弃，扔掉
register登记，注册
remember记得，记住
remind
使想起，操醒
reserve保留，储备
revise修订，修正
sacrifice牺牲
share分享，共同拥有
shrink收缩，起皱纹
signal发信号，(用手势)示意
simplify简化
sink沉没；下沉
ski滑雪，滑冰
slip滑倒，溜
spend用/花钱，花费，度过，消耗，花(时间)
split洒出
spoil宠坏，溺爱
stand站立，承受，经历，忍耐
stop停止，中断，(使)停止工作，塞住，阻挠
substitute代替
suggest建议，暗示，说明
support支持
survive幸存
take采取，拿，取，获得，耗费(时间)
whisper低声说，私语
wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决
动词短语(127个)
account
for说明、引起
，(在数量、比例上)占
add
up加起来
appeal
to对……有吸引力，呼吁
apply
to向……申请，适用于……
attach
importance
to重视……
block
off意为封锁，阻挡
break
down出故障，身体垮掉，分解，化解，消除
break
into破门而入
break
out爆发
break
up结束，解散，分手
bring
up养育，培养，呕吐
build
up积聚，逐渐增加；增强
call
on呼吁，拜访
carry
away带走，夺走
carry
on进行，开展，经营
catch
sight
of看见，发现
catch
up
with追上，赶上
cater
for迎合，满足……的需要，为……提供服务
check
out办手续离开
come
across偶遇，无意中发现
come
along与……一道走，一起来，陪伴
come
off
实现，离开，举行
come
over过来，来访
come
through经历，度过，穿过
come
up
with想出，提出
connect…with
与……相连接
consist
of包括
count
on指望，依靠
cut
down减少
cut
off
切断，中断，使死亡
cut
out切断，删去，停止，关掉
cut
up切碎，抨击
deal with处理，对付
do
away
with废除，消灭
drop
in顺便拜访
equip…with
用……来装备
fall
off跌落，下降
feed
on以……为食
find
out查明，发现
fit…with
用……来安装
focus
on致力于，使聚焦于，使直射于，(使)集中
gain
admission
to
获准进入
get
away离开，脱身，逃掉
get
down
to开始认真做某事，着手做某事
get
hold
of得到，掌握
get
out出去，出版，被泄露
get
over克服，熬过，恢复
get along相处，进展
get in收割，插话
get off出发，离开
get through完成，接通电话，度过，穿过，用完
give
away泄露
give
rise
to引起
give
up放弃
give
voice
to将……说出，透露，表明
go
against违背，和……作对
go
back
on背弃，违约，回到
go
with相伴
go for喜欢，适用于
hold
on坚持
hunt
for猎取，寻找
keep
an
eye
on注意，照看
keep
track
of记录
leave
off停止，中断
leave
out遗漏，省略
lend
a
hand帮助
lie
in在于
live
up
to符合，不辜负
look
at看
look
back
on回顾，回忆
look
for寻找
look
into调查，研究
look
on在一旁观看，袖手旁观
look
over查看，细看，仔细检查
look
through仔细检查，看穿
look
to朝(某物)看去，照看/依靠/指望(某人/物)
look
up
查找，抬头看
look after照顾，照料
make
mention
of提到，谈到
make
up
for弥补……，补偿……
make
sense有意义
makes
up编造，组成，化妆，和好，弥补，补偿
match…with
用……匹配
move
on继续前进
pack
up打包
pay
back
偿还，回报
pay
off付清，(付清工资后)解雇
put
away放好
put
away收拾，储存
put
in
把……写进(信函，故事等)
put
off
下车，脱掉，推迟，延迟
put
on穿戴，上演，举办，播放
put
up
提出，提升，使升高，竖立，搭建
run
out用完，用尽
set
about着手，开始
set
aside留作……之用，留出……用于
set
down制定，(使)放下，写下，记下
set
foot
on踏上(征程)
set
off出发，(使)开始，动身，点燃，引起
set
out出发，动身，开始
set
up建立，成立，设立
settle
down定居
shake
a
hand握手
stand
out突出，显著，出类拔萃
subscribe
to意为订阅
take
advantage
of利用
take
away
from夺走，剥夺
take
away拿走
take
charge
of负责
take
off起飞，成功，受欢迎
take
over接手，接管
take
up拿起，占据，开始从事
throw
away扔掉
turn
a
deaf
ear
of对……充耳不闻
turn
down拒绝，调低(音量)
turn
in
上交
turn
off关闭
turn
out结果是，证明是……
turn
over
移交
turn
to求助，转向
turn
up出现，露面，调高(音量)
use
up用完，耗尽
wait
on服侍，等待
want
a
hand想得到帮助
wash
out洗掉，破产，精疲力竭
wave
a
hand挥手告别
wear
out磨损，穿破，精疲力竭
