2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题05介词和介词短语
高考押题(原卷版)
1.Jack,
what’s
your
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
main
reason
for
choosing
one
restaurant
_______
another
A.
from
B.
over
C.
on
D.
by
2.Wang
Ping
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )flashed
a
switch
on
a
computer
screen,
and
a
table
and
some
chairs
rose
_______
the
floor
as
if
by
magic.
A.
from
B.
under
C.
from
under
D.
from
up
3.My
daughter
is
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ally
_______
QQ
these
days;
she
spends
several
hours
on
it
every
day.
A.
up
B.
into
C.
onto
D.
with
4.The
accident
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
that
happened
at
an
oilfield
_______
the
southeast
coast
of
the
USA
has
caused
great
damage
to
the
environment.
A.
away
B.
from
C.
off
D.
beyond
5.I’m
sorry
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )I
didn’t
phone
you,
but
I’ve
been
very
busy
_______
the
past
couple
weeks.
A.
beyond
B.
over
C.
with
D.
among
6.The
best
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )hing
you
can
give
children,
_______
good
habits,
are
good
memories.
A.
far
from
B.
next
to
C.
but
for
D.
except
for
7.I
know
what
I
shall
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )be
doing
for
the
next
three
years
but
I
haven’t
thought
_______
that.
A.
without
B.
for
C.
against
D.
beyond
8.The
manager
has
not
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )made
up
his
mind
yet
________
who
will
be
in
charge
of
the
project.
A.
as
to
B.
next
to
C.
owing
to
D.
according
to
9.The polluti
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )on of the forest has seriously affected plant life and,
_______
a
lesser
extent,
wildlife.
A.
on
B.
to
C.
in
D.
at
10.Having
bee
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )n
treated
in
the
hospital
for
as
long
as
six
months,
the
man
injured
in
the
car
crash
is
now
back
_______
his
feet.
A.
at
B.
in
C.
on
D.
to
11.It
is
important
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )know
what
colours
look
good
_______
your
skin
before
you
buy
clothes.
A.
for
B.
upon
C.
against
D.
with
12.The
English
play
_
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )______
which
my
students
acted
at
the
New
Year’s
party
was
a
great
success.
A.
for
B.
in
C.
at
D.
on
13.Sara,
my
colleague
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ),
has
been
_______
the
run
all
week
preparing
for
her
son’s
wedding.
A.
in
B.
to
C.
on
D.
at
14.When
I
was
pushed
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )onto
the
stage,
I
felt
all
the
eyes
in
the
hall
_______
me.
A.
through
B.
across
C.
into
D.
on
15.Singer
Zhang
Le
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )i
won
“The
Voice
of
China”
2015
season
at
the
Bird
Nest
in
Beijing
on
Oct
7,
2015,
with
years
of
experience
_______
him.
A.
against
B.
for
C.
of
D.
behind
16.A
broad
smile
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )pread
_______
Jack’s
face
when
he
eventually
gained
a
scholarship.
A.
across
B.
through
C.
at
D.
in
17.Living
wit
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )h
cancer
has
made
her
realize
how
important
it
is
to
take
every
chance
to
live
her
life
_______
the
fullest.
A.
at
B.
on
C.
to
D.
with
18.—The
game
last
night
was
so
good.
—Yeah!
Our
school
team
won
_______
two
points!
A.
by
B.
at
C.
in
D.
to
19.Two
years
ago,
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )hree
scientists
traveled
to
the
Antarctica
to
explore
a
secret
world
hidden
_______
the
ice.
A.
among
B.
beneath
C.
beyond
D.
opposite
20.The
new
product
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
beyond
all
praise
and
has
quickly
taken
over
the
market
_______
its
superior
quality.
A.
in
terms
of
B.
by
virtue
of
C.
on
behalf
of
D.
on
top
of
21.Britain
is
a
"seco
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )nd-rate
power"
which
has
been
_______
for
a
century—yet
London
remains
the
most
influential
city
in
the
world.
A.
in
decline
B.
in
effect
C.
on
the
move
D.
on
the
rise
22.Andy
sold
us
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )he
house
at
a
low
price
and
threw
in
some
of
the
furniture
_______.
A.
for
a
chang
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
B.
for
my
part
C.
for
good
measure
D.
for
a
song
23.Tom
usuall
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )y
does
traditional
exercises
like
sit-ups,
press-ups
and
pull-ups
to
stay
_______.
A.
in
shape
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
in
order
C.
in
fashion
D.
in
place
24.Every
mor
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ning
when
Tom
got
up,
his
mother
was
already
_______
and
had
nearly
accomplished
all
the
housework.
A.
in
the
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
B.
around
the
corner
C.
on
the
move
D.
over
the
moon
25.—It
is
really
borin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
to
practice
playing
the
piano
every
day.
—Come
on,
dear!
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )The
rewards
you
get
are
________
the
effort
you
put
in.
A.
in
proportion
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
in
addition
to
C.
in
contrast
to
D.
in
regard
to
26.Some
members
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )went
so
wild
that
they
strongly
demanded
to
know
why
they
had
been
kept
_______
the
true
facts
until
the
present
stage.
A.
in
view
of
B.
in
ignorance
of
C.
in
place
of
D.
in
favor
of
27.We
usually
go
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )to
Italy
for
our
holiday,
but
we
thought
we
would
go
to
France
this
year,
_______
a
change.
A.
in
case
of
B.
in
terms
of
C.
by
way
of
D.
by
reason
of
28.The
young
childr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )en
have
been
making
good
comments
on
the
cartoon
film,
but
_______
the
box
office
receipts,
it
is
still
far
from
satisfactory.
A.
in
place
of
B.
in
terms
of
C.
in
line
with
D.
in
favor
of
29.The
Internet
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
Plus
will
bring
about
the
fourth
industrial
revolution
for
manufacturing
_______
the
conventional
business
models.
A.
in
charge
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )f
B.
in
contrast
to
C.
in
defense
of
D.
in
proportion
to
30.—Why
not
talk
with
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
your
parents
about
your
willingness
to
attend
2016
Peking
University
Summer
Camp
—I
tried
_______
to
get
them
to
listen
to
me.
A.
in
time
B.
in
vain
C.
in
need
D.
in
case2017
届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题05
介词和介词短语
知识精讲(学生版)
介词英语中称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-(在……前部)+position(位置)”构成的,所以又叫前置词。
一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。介词是虚词,主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之
间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。可作介词宾语
的主要有名词、代词、动名词(或动名词短语)、名词性从句等。
一、介词的种类
1.Understanding
the
article
is
beyond
my
ability.理解这篇文章。
2.Make
sure
that
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
exercise
you
give
the
children
is
within
pupil’s
reach.
确保给学生们的练习要在。
3.Thanks
to
the
measu
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )res
taken
by
the
local
government
,
the
polluted
river
is
becoming
clearer
and
clearer.
当地政府所采取的措施,被污染的河流变得越来越清澈了。
4.
He
saw
the
corner
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of
a
magazine
sticking
out
from
under
the
blanket.他看见杂志的一角露了出来。
5.Concerning
you
opinion,
I
think
you
are
great.
,我认为你很伟大。
6.Unlike
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Venice
Film
Festival,
the
Sundance
Film
Festival
only
includes
small,
independent
films.
,圣丹斯电影节指包括小的独立发行公司。
二、介词短语的语法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,
表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
1.
When
I
paid
a
vi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sit
to
you
yesterday,
you
were
not
at
home.我昨天去拜访你的时候,你不在家。(
)
2.
They
didn’t
find
the
solution
to
the
problem.他们没有找到解决这个问题的方法。(
)
3.
There
will
be
no
living
things
without
water.没有水就没有生物。(
)
4.I
found
everything
in
good
order.我发现一切都井然有序。(
)
说明:介词短语在很多情况下用来作各种各样的状语:
Usually,
we
have
breakfast
at
seven
at
home.通常我们七点钟在家吃早饭。(
)
联系地址:北京市房山区星城北里综合办公楼(21世纪教育网)
邮政编码:102413
电话:010-58425255/6/7
传真:010-89313898
2
They
were
late
fo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
the
meeting
because
of
the
heavy
rain.由于下大雨,他们开会迟到了。(
)
What
do
you
mean
by
doing
such
a
thing 做这样的事,你是什么意思?(
)
He
ran
for
shelter
as
quickly
as
he
could.他尽快地跑去避雨。(
)
I
went
shopping
in
spite
of
the
rain.尽管下雨,我还是出去买东西了。(
)
To
what
extent
would
you
trust
them
你对他们信任程度如何?(
)
The
girl
came
back
to
her
mother
in
tears.这女孩眼泪汪汪地回到母亲身边。(
)
On
the
whole,
I’m
in
favour
of
the
proposal.总的说来,我赞成这个提议。(
)
三、常见介词(短语)的区别
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,使用频率相当高,其用法跟冠词一样复杂。笔者对最近四年
(2013-2016)全国卷及各自主命题省份的高考题的单项选择题中所涉及的介词(短语)考点进行了统计:共涉及
介词(短语)
(去除了备选中不是介
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词短语的有3
个:That
is
to
say,
What’s
more,
Or
else)共149
个,其中重复的
有54
个,所以实际上所涉及的只有95
个介词(短语)。具体情况见下表:
考点次数
in(包括含in
的介词短语)
49(重复的有11
个)
on(包括含on
的介词短语)
15(重复的有4
个)
by(包括含by
的介词短语)
11(重复的有6
个)
with(in/out)(包括与此相关的介词短语)
10(重复的有6
个)
for(包括含for
的介词短语)
8(重复的有4
个)
含as
的介词短语6(重复的有4
个)
含out
of
的介词短语6(重复的有1
个)
at(包括含at
的介词短语)
5(重复的有3
个)
合计110(重复的有39
个)
其它涉及的介词和介词短语还有39
个,去除重复的15
个,还剩下24
个:
along,
along
with,
abo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut,
above,
above
all,
against,
all
in
all,
around
the
clock,
around
the
comer,
aside
from,
before,
below
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
beyond,
but
for,
despite,
due
to,
from,
of,
off,
over,
regardless
of,
thanks
to,
to,
until
说明:因为2016
年大部分原来自主命题的省份不再自主命题,故剩下:北京、天津、上海、江苏、浙江和
四川等六个省市自主命题。所以2016
高考英语单选题所涉及到的介词(短语)数量极其有限,但这并
不意味着介词就不是高考的重点。因此对于介词的复习,我们还是需要认真对待的。
1.表示“时间”的介词
联系地址:北京市房山区星城北里综合办公楼(21世纪教育网)
邮政编码:102413
电话:010-58425255/6/7
传真:010-89313898
3
①in,
on,
at
▲in
用在表示年份、季节、月份,或上午、下午或晚上的名词前;
▲on
用在表示特定的某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前;
▲at
用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的词前。
We
will
have
a
meeting
.我们将在星期天早上八点钟开会。
,
I
had
a
good
time
in
the
park.在一个舒适的早上,我在公园玩得很开心。
②for,
during,
through
▲for
后接“一段时间”,表示动作某事持续多久或状态保持多久,多与完成时连用;
▲during
表示“在……期间”;
▲through
表示“整个……,自始至终”。
The
new
boy
looked
at
the
teacher
for
a
few
seconds.这个新来的男孩儿看了老师几秒钟。
I
went
to
France
during
the
summer
holiday.暑假期间我去了法国。
They
worked
hard
through
the
winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
③from,
since
▲from
表示时间的起点,意为“从……”,多用于“from...to/till...”中;
▲since
表示“自从……以来”。
I
have
been
waiting
here
from
morning
till
noon.我在这里从早上等到中午。
I
have
been
learning
English
since
three
years
ago.自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。
注意:for
和since
都常与完成时连用,但for
接时间段,since
接时间点。
I
have
worke
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
here
for
five
years=I
have
worked
here
sine
five
years
ago.
我在这里已经工作两年了。
④before,
by,
till,
until
▲before
指“在……之前”,与after
相对;
▲by
指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”,by(包括by
the
end
of)后接过去时间,常与过去完成时
连用;后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用;
▲till(until)“直到……为止”,在肯定句中,till/until
必须与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till/until
常
与非延续性动词连用。
Please
come
before
ten
o’clock.请在十点钟以前回来。
I
shall
be
back
by
5
o’clock.
最迟五点我一定回来。
·
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How
many
English
pa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rties
had
you
had
by
the
end
of
last
term
到上学期末,你们举行了几次英语晚会?
I’ll
have
finished
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reading
the
novel
by
the
end
of
next
month.到下个月底,我就要读完这本小说。
You
must
wait
for
him
till
tomorrow.你必须一直等他到明天。
⑤after,
in
▲after+一段时间:表示“在……之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用after,即after+
点时间,用于各种时态;
▲in+一段时间:表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用,但表示“在……之内=within”
时,用于各种时态。
,
they
went
abroad.三天之后,他们出国了。
it
will
begin
to
rain.八点后就要开始下雨了。
They
will
leave
.他们半小时后就出发。
They
finished
the
work
.他们在半小时之内就把这项工作做完了。
2.表示“位置”的介词
①表示上下位置关系的
▲on
在……的上面(面与面接触);
▲over
在……(垂直)的正上方,其相对意义的词是under
在……(垂直)的正下方;
▲above
在……(不强调垂直)的上方,其相对意义的词是below
在……(不强调垂直)的下方。
The
waterfall
is
the
bridge.
瀑布在桥的侧上方。
There
is
a
bus
the
bridge.
桥上有一辆车。
There
was
a
lamp
the
table.
桌子上空有一盏灯。
There
is
a
bridge
the
river.
河上有一座桥。
注意:▲in
也可以表示“在……的上”。如:
There’re
some
apples
on
the
tree.那棵树上有几个苹果。
There’s
a
bird
in
the
tree.树上有只鸟。
on
the
tree
在树上的东西本身是树的一部分东西(如叶子、果实)
in
the
tree
在树上的东西本身不是树的一部分(如鸟、人)
▲over
还可以表示:覆盖、(大范围内)笼罩、遍及、超过=more
than、在……期间(在从事……的时
候)、关于(在……方面)、过去等。如:
He
put
his
coat
over
her
shoulders.
他把上衣覆盖在她的肩膀上。
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5
He
traveled
all
over
Europe.
他游遍了欧洲。
The
mountain
is
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ver
4,000
metres
above
(higher
than)
sea
level.那座山海拔有四千多米高。
They
discussed
it
over
a
game
of
golf.他们一边打高尔夫球,一边讨论。
These
men
have
quarr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eled
over
the
price
of
a
load
of
hay.这帮人为了一车干草的价钱争吵不休。
I’m
sorry
I
didn’t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
phone
you,
but
I’ve
been
very
busy
over
the
past
couple
of
weeks.
对不起,我没给你打电话,因为在过去的两周里我一直很忙。
▲above
也可以数量(表示“超出”这意)。如:
He
was
a
good
student
and
scored
above
average
in
most
subjects.
他是个好学生,大多数科目都在平均分以上。
▲复现率比较低的beneath:紧挨……之下,紧贴在某物的下方,低于,劣于。
He
found
the
remain
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
of
building
buried
beneath
the
sand.他发现了埋藏于沙地下的建筑遗迹。
His
waistcoat
is
beneath
his
coat.他的背心穿在外套里面。
The
sun
is
now
beneath
the
horizon.太阳此刻落到地平线下了。
He
is
beneath
his
brother
intellectually.他在智力方面不如他兄弟。
②表示前后左右关系的
▲near
在……附近;
▲next
to
紧挨着……;
▲round/around
在……周围;
▲by
在……旁边;
▲along
表示沿着街、路、河岸等;
▲behind
在……后面,(抽象意义上的)落后
▲in
表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”;
▲on
表示“接壤,相邻”;
▲to
表示“相离,相隔”,两者不属同一范围,也不接壤。
Changchun
lies
the
northeast
of
China.长春位于中国的东北部。
Mongolia
is/lies
the
north
of
China.蒙古与中国北部接壤。
Japan
is
the
east
of
China.日本在中国的东边。
③表示途经关系的
▲across
主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;
▲past
意为“从……旁经过”;
▲up
表示向上,由南到北,由西到东,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市,反之则用
down;
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6
▲through
指从某物的内部“穿过”;
▲over
指“越过”某一障碍物。
Pipes
carry
oil
the
desert.输油管横过沙漠。
Their
car
drove
our
school.他们的车子驶过我们的学校。
They
sailed
the
river.他们向河的上游驶去
It
took
us
ten
minutes
to
drive
the
tunnel.我们开车10
分钟穿过了隧道。
The
thief
jumped
the
wall
and
ran
away.窃贼翻过围墙逃走了。
3.表示“计量”的介词
①at
表示“以……速度,以……价格”;
②for
表示“用……交换,以……为代价”;
③by
表示“按……计算”。
He
has
sold
his
house
.他以高价出售了他的房子。
He
sold
his
car
.他以五百美元把车卖了。
They
are
paid
.他们按天计算报酬。
4.表示“行为的工具、手段或者方式”的介词
①by
表示用某种方式,多用于交通。如by
bus
乘公共汽车,by
e-mail
通过电子邮件。
注意:表示搭乘交通工具用by
时,名词前不加冠词;用in
时,名词前要加冠词。
请比较:I
went
there
.我是乘公共汽车到那儿去的。
②with
表示“用某种具体工具、身体的某部分或器官”。
We
speak
.我们用嘴说话。
注意:with
表示用某种工具时,名词前必须用冠词或物主代词。
③in
表示用某种材料或语言。
Please
speak
and
write
.请用英语说并用钢笔写。
④through
表示“以(方法、手段),经由”,后面多接抽象名词。
You
can
only
achieve
success
.只有通过努力工作,你才能获得成功。
5.表示“除了,除……之外(还有)”的介词(短语)
①besides
表示包含,“除……之外还有……”;
②except
表示排除,“除……之外”,指整体里面排除部分,后面可接代词、副词、介词短语,还可接that
从句或wh-从句;
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7
③but
表示排除,多与nob
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ody,
none,
no
one,
nothing,
anything,
everyone,
all,
who
等连用;
④except
for
表示“除……之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正;
⑤apart
from
表示“此外,除……之外还有……”,相当于besides/as
well
as
和except(for);
⑥aside
from
除了,除……之
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )外还有……,相当于besides/as
well
as
和except(for);它还有“偏离,不介入”
的意思。
⑦in
addition
to
表示“除……之外(还有)……”,相当于besides。
We
all
went
.
除他之外,我们大家也都去了。
She
saw
nothing
.
除了雪她什么也没看见。
Beijing
is
a
beautiful
city,
its
traffic.除了交通问题,北京是一座很美的城市。
going
shopping,
she
likes
walking
.
天不下雨时,除了购物她还喜欢散步。
English,
he
has
to
study
a
second
foreign
language.除英语外,他还得学第二外语。
Your
talk
is
a
little
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
subject
of
our
discussion.你的发言稍微偏离了我们讨论会的主题。
Ireland
stood
this
conflict.
爱尔兰没有介入这次冲突。
6.表示“原因”的介词
①for
表示原因,常与sorry,
famous,
punish,
praise,
thank,
blame
等词连用;
②at
指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到……而……”;
③from
指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等;
④of
指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿,年老等;
⑤with
指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因;
⑥by
表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
The
Smiths
are
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
praised
the
way
they
bring
up
their
children.史密斯夫妇因培养孩子的方式而受到了表扬。
He
was
surprised
the
news.他对这个消息感到吃惊。
The
young
man
died
an
accident.那个年轻人死于车祸。
The
old
man
died
hunger.那个老人饿死了。
He
was
trembling
cold.他冷得发抖。
She
took
your
umbrella
mistake.她错拿了你的伞。
6.貌似熟悉而容易用错的介词
▲off
离开……,隔着……,在(离岸边不远的)海面,从……脱落,从……掉下,偏离,失去等;
联系地址:北京市房山区星城北里综合办公楼(21世纪教育网)
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8
▲between
原指两者之间,但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈
到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时,就用between;
▲against(表示方向)与……方向相反,逆着,迎着,顶着;(表示方位)紧靠着……,倚靠着……;(表示对
象)对……不利,对……有害,以……为竞争对手,违反,违背;(表示对比)和……比,和……对照,
以……为背景。
①The
Well
Hotel
sta
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nds
in
a
quiet
place
_______
the
main
road
at
the
far
end
of
the
lake.
A.
to
B.
for
C.
off
D.
out
【答案与解析】
②She
drove
so
fast
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
the
turn
that
the
car
almost
went
_______
the
road.
A.
on
B.
along
C.
from
D.
off
【答案与解析】
③Not
all
of
us
know
the
difference
_______
wheat,
oats
and
barley.
A.
among
B.
between
C.
from
D.
in
【答案与解析】
④Tired,
Jim
was
fast
asleep
with
his
back
_______
a
big
tree.
A.
in
B.
below
C.
beside
D.
against
【答案与解析】
⑤An
agreement
seems
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
be
impossible
because
the
majority
of
the
committee
members
are
_______
it.
A
.
against
B.
for
C
.to
D.
with
【答案与解析】
⑥It
was
a
real
race
__
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____
time
to
get
the
project
done.
Luckily,
we
made
it.
A.
over
B.
by
C.
for
D.
against
【答案与解析】
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9
⑦He
is
running
_______
the
wind
towards
the
station.
A.
down
B.
against
C.
for
D.
with
【答案与解析】
⑧The
large
grassla
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd,
reaching
out
far
away,
looks
extremely
beautiful
_______
the
blue
and
clean
sky.
A.
with
B.
against
C.
through
D.
beyond
【答案与解析】
⑨He
was
elected
by
a
majority
of
30
votes
_______
15
.
A.
against
B.
with
C.
in
D.
by
【答案与解析】
7.含有介词的相似结构短语比较
①所搭配的介词不同意义不同
(be)absent
from
缺席——(be)
absent
in
不在这里而在……
(be)afraid
of
担心——(be)afraid
for
为……而担心
(be)angry
with
sb.对某人生气——(be)angry
at/about
sth.因某事而生气
(be)anxious
for
sth.急于想得到——(be)anxious
about
sth../sb.对某事/某人担心
(be)familiar
with
精通,熟悉——(be)familiar
to
为……熟知(悉)
(be)good
at
擅长于——(be)good
for
对……有益——(be)good
to
对……友好/态度好
(be)popular
with
sb.受某人的欢迎——(be)popular
for
因……而流行
(be)strict
with
sb.对某人要求严格——(be)strict
in
sth.对某事要求严格
②仅相差一词意义大为不同
in
front
of(在……前面)——in
the
front
of(在……前部)
in
charge
of(负责)——in
the
charge
of(由……负责)
out
of
question(毫无疑问)——out
of
the
question(不可能)
in
possession
of
拥有——
in
the
possession
of
被……拥有
at
table(在吃饭;在吃饭时)——at
the
table(在桌子旁边)
know
sb.认识某人——know
about
sb.了解某人
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10
shoot
sb.击中某人——shoot
at
sb.向某人射击
search
sb.搜身——search
for
sb.搜寻、寻找某人
believe
sb.相信某人的话——believe
in
sb.信任某人的人格
benefit
sb.使某人受益——benefit
from
sb.从某人那里得到益处
hear
sb.听某人讲话、说话hear
of
sb.听说过某人
四、误用介词的常见情况
1.画蛇添足,误加介词
serve
the
people
为人
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )民服务(容易在serve
后加for)
enter
the
room
进入房间(容易在enter
后加into)
follow
me
跟在我后面(容易在follow
后加behind)
marry
sb.与某人结婚(容易在marry
后加with)
go
abroad
出国(容易在go
后面加to)
live
upstairs
住在楼上(容易在live
后面加
in)
2.母语思维,误用介词
be
caught
in
the
rain
被雨淋着(不用by)
leave
for
some
place
动身去某地(不用to)
set
an
example
to
sb.为某人树立榜样(不用for)
in
the
direction
朝着……方向(不用to)
do
a
favor
for
sb.帮某人一个忙(不用to)
different
from
和……不同(不用with)
with
the
help
of
在……的帮助下(不用under)
read
sth.
to
sb.给(为)……读(念)……(不用for)
五、最近常考的介词短语
1.at
介词短语
at
a
time
依次,逐一,每次at
all
times
随时,每时每刻,总是,一直
at
any
cost
不惜任何代价at
church
在做礼拜
at
dinner/table
在吃饭at
dusk
在黄昏时刻
at
ease
安逸,舒适,无拘无束at
length
充分地,详尽地,最后,终于
at
no
time
决不at
peace
在和平时期
at
present
目前at
random
胡乱地,随意地,随机地
at
rest
在休息at
sight
一看到……就,一经要求就
at
stake
在危急关头at
the
mercy
of
在……支配下;任由……摆布
at
first=at
the
beginning
初期at
the
beginning
of
在……的初始阶段
at
the
end
of
在……结束时at
work
在工作,在办公
2.beyond
介词短语
beyond
belief
难以置信beyond
compare
无可比拟
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11
beyond
control
不听管教、无法控制beyond
doubt
毫无疑问,无疑地,不容怀疑
beyond
description
难以形容beyond
expression
无法表达
beyond
recognition
难以认出,面目全非beyond
sb.难以想象,超乎某人的想象
beyond
suspicion
无可怀疑
3.by
介词短语
by
chance=by
accident
偶然,碰巧by
contrast
相比之下
by
far
到目前为止by
means
of
通过……方式,依靠,借助于
by
mistake
错误地by
name
用名字,名叫
by
the
way
顺便说/问一下by
turns
轮流地,交替地
by
virtue
of
凭借……的力量,由于(因为)
4.for
介词短语
for
a
change
为了改变一下,
为了换个口味for
a
song
廉价
for
ever
永远for
fear
of
生怕,以免
for
good
measure
附加的,额外的for
good
永远
for
lack
of
由于缺乏for
one’s
part
就某人而言
for
one
thing
其一,一方面for
sure
确定
for
the
benefit
of
为了……的利益
as
for
关于but
for
要不是
5.in
介词短语
in
a
group
成群结队地in
a
row
连着
in
a
row
成一行,一字儿,接连,连续in
a
second
立刻
in
a
sense
在某种意义上,在一定程度上in
a
way
以某种方式
in
a
word
总之,一句话,总而言之,简言之in
action
在运转,在行动
in
addition
(to)
此外(除了),除……以外(还有)
in
advance
提前
in
common
共同,共有in
answer
to
回答,应……要求
in
celebration
of
为了庆祝……
in
comfort
舒适地
in
concert
with
和……相呼应/一致,与……合作in
conclusion
总而言之
in
consequence
结果in
contact
with
和……相联系
in
contrast
to
与……对照in
contrast
相比之下
联系地址:北京市房山区星城北里综合办公楼(21世纪教育网)
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12
in
decline
减少in
defense
of
保卫
in
demand
需要in
detail
详细地
in
effect
实际上in
exchange
for
作为对……的交换
in
face
of
面对in
fashion
流行的,时髦的
in
favour
of
同意,支持in
general
大体上,笼统地
in
hand
在手头,在进行中in
harmony
with
与……和谐相处
in
honor
of
对……表示敬意,为了纪念……
in
ignorance
of
不知道
in
light
of
根据,鉴于,从……观点来看in
line
with
跟……一致,符合
in
memory
of
为了纪念,为庆祝……
in
need
of
需要
in
no
time
马上,立即in
office
在执政
in
opposition
to
反对in
order
按次序的,合乎程序的,井然有序
in
other
words
换句话说,也就是说in
parallel
with
与……平行/同时/并联
in
particular
特别in
peace
和平
in
place
在对的位置,适当的,准备就绪in
power
当权,在执政
in
praise
of
表扬in
practice
在实际中,实际上
in
preference
to
优先于……
in
progress
尚未完工,正在进行
in
proportion
to
与……相称,与……成比例in
reaction
回应
in
reality
事实上in
relation
to
与……有关,涉及
in
relief
如释重负地,轻松地in
reply
to
作为……的回复
in
response
to
对……做出反应in
return
for
作为对……的回报
in
search
of
寻找in
shape
健康/健美的身材
in
short
简而言之in
sight
看得见
in
spite
of
不管,不顾,尽管in
store
贮藏着,将要发生
in
surprise
惊奇地in
tears
流着泪,涔涔泪下,含着眼泪
in
terms
of
根据,就……而言/来说in
the
meanwhile
同时
in
the
minority
占少数in
the
red
赤字,负债
in
the
way
挡路,挡道,妨碍in
time
及时,迟早,最后,经过一段时间之后
in
total
总共,总计in
touch
with
和……保持联系/接触
in
tune
with
与……协调/融洽/一致in
tune
合调子
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13
in
turn
依次,转而,轮流,反过来in
vain
徒劳地,无益地
in
view
of
由于,鉴于
6.on
介词短语
on
account
of
因为,由于on
a
large
scale
大规模
on
behalf
of
代表……
on
business
办事/出差
on
occasion
有时,偶尔on
duty
值勤/日
on
fire
在燃烧on
guard
在值勤
on
holiday/vacation/leave
在休假on
loan
借用,借贷
on
one’s
own
只靠某人自己的力量,独立地on
purpose
故意地,有目的
on
show/display/
exhibition
在展出on
the
air
在广播
on
the
contrary
恰恰相反on
the
march
在行军
on
the
line
在线,冒风险on
the
move
在忙碌中,在移动,搬迁,离开
on
the
other
hand
另一方面on
sale
出售
on
strike
在罢工on
the
way
在路上
on
trial
在试用on
watch
值班
on
the
whole
总的来说on
top
of
除……之外
7.out
of
介词短语
out
of
control
失去控制,不受控制out
of
date
过时的
out
of
order
发生故障,失调out
of
practice
疏于练习,久不练习
out
of
reach
够不着out
of
place
不合适,不在应在的位置,不恰当
out
of
sight
看不见,在视野之外
8.under
介词短语
under
arrest
被逮捕under
attack
受到袭击
under
construction
在建设中under
control
在控制之中
under
consideration
在考虑中under
development
在发展中
under
discussion
在讨论under
examination
在检查/调查中
under
fire
在炮火中under
medical
treatment
在治疗中
under
observation
在观察中under
repair
在修理中
under
study
在研究中under
test
在被测试
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14
9.其它介词短语
as
a
consequence
因此as
a
matter
of
fact
事实上
as
a
result
结果above
all
首先,最重要的是
across
cultures
跨文化的all
in
all
总而言之
around
the
clock
昼夜不停地around
the
comer
即将来临
back
on
one’s
feet
痊愈,康复far
from
远非,绝不
next
to
挨着,次于over
the
moon
兴高采烈
regardless
of
不管to
a
degree=to
some
extend
某种程度
to
a
lesser
extent
在较小程度上with
regard
to
就……而言,关于__2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题05介词和介词短语
高考押题(解析版)
1.Jack,
what’s
your
ma
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )in
reason
for
choosing
one
restaurant
_______
another
A.
from
B.
over
C.
on
D.
by
【答案】B
【解析】over强调比较的概念,意为“胜过”
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )。句意:杰克,你选择这一家饭店而不选择另一家的主要是什么?句意:杰克,你选择其中之一的饭店,而放弃了另一家饭店的主要原因是什么?over强调比较的概念,故B正确。
2.Wang
Ping
flashed
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )a
switch
on
a
computer
screen,
and
a
table
and
some
chairs
rose
_______
the
floor
as
if
by
magic.
A.
from
B.
under
C.
from
under
D.
from
up
【答案】C
【解析】句意:王平在电脑上按了一个键,一张桌
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )子和一些椅子魔术般地从地下冒了出来。from
under从……的下面,这种现象在英语中叫做双重介词,如:The
naughty
boy
jumped
suddenly
from
among
the
branches.那个淘气的男孩突然从树枝间跳了下来。根据题意可知选C项。
3.My
daughter
is
real
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ly
_______
QQ
these
days;
she
spends
several
hours
on
it
every
day.
A.
up
B.
into
C.
onto
D.
with
【答案】B
【解析】此处be
into
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )表示“对……深感兴趣,深深迷上……”。句意:我的女儿这些天来确实深深迷上了QQ聊天。她每天耗在上面的时间有数小时。
4.The
accident
that
ha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ppened
at
an
oilfield
_______
the
southeast
coast
of
the
USA
has
caused
great
damage
to
the
environment.
A.
away
B.
from
C.
off
D.
beyond
【答案】C
【解析】句意:发生在沿美国东南海岸线的一个油田上的这起事故对环境造成了很大的损害。“沿海岸线”使用off。故选C。
5.I’m
sorry
I
didn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )’t
phone
you,
but
I’ve
been
very
busy
_______
the
past
couple
weeks.
A.
beyond
B.
over
C.
with
D.
among
【答案】B
【解析】句意:对不起,我没给你打电话。过去的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )几个星期里我一直都很忙。这里使用介词over和一段时间搭配,表示“在……期间”。beyond越过,超过;with和……一起;among在……之间,所以选B。
6.The
best
thing
you
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )an
give
children,
_______
good
habits,
are
good
memories.
A.
far
from
B.
next
to
C.
but
for
D.
except
for
【答案】B
【解祈】far
from远离,远非;nex
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )t
to紧邻,在……近旁,仅次于,紧接;but
for要不是,要是没有,若非;except
for除……之外(就没有),若不是。句意:你所能给孩子的最美好的东西除了好习惯以外,就是给他们以美好的回忆(字面意思是:你所能给孩子的最美好的东西就是给他们以美好的回忆,仅次于给他们好的习惯)。
7.I
know
what
I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )shall
be
doing
for
the
next
three
years
but
I
haven’t
thought
_______
that.
A.
without
B.
for
C.
against
D.
beyond
【答案】D
【解析】without沒有;for
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )对于;against反对;beyond超出;句意:我知道我要在接下来的三年里做什么,但是我从来沒有想过那以外的事情。故选D。
8.The
manager
has
no
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )t
made
up
his
mind
yet
________
who
will
be
in
charge
of
the
project.
A.
as
to
B.
next
to
C.
owing
to
D.
according
to
【答案】A
【解析】as
to至于,关于
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 );next
to紧邻,在……近旁,仅次于;owing
to由于;according
to根据。句意:至于谁来负责这项工程,经理还没有做出决定。
9.The pollution of t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )he forest has seriously affected plant life and,
_______
a
lesser
extent,
wildlife.
A.
on
B.
to
C.
in
D.
at
【答案】B
【解析】句意:森林污染对植物有严重的影响,
对野生动物也有一定影响。to
a
lesser
extent
“在较小程度上”。
故选B项。
10.Having
been
treat
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ed
in
the
hospital
for
as
long
as
six
months,
the
man
injured
in
the
car
crash
is
now
back
_______
his
feet.
A.
at
B.
in
C.
on
D.
to
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在医院接受了长达6个月
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )的治疗后,那起车祸中的受伤者现在终于康复了。be
back
on
one’s
feet痊愈,康复。因此选C项。
11.It
is
important
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
know
what
colours
look
good
_______
your
skin
before
you
buy
clothes.
A.
for
B.
upon
C.
against
D.
with
【答案】C
【解祈】句意:在购买衣服前,重要的是了解什
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )么样的颜色衬你的肤色看上去才好看。此处要用介词against表示“在……衬托下,以……为背景”。故选C。
12.The
English
play
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )_______
which
my
students
acted
at
the
New
Year’s
party
was
a
great
success.
A.
for
B.
in
C.
at
D.
on
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在新年晚会上我的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )学生参与表演的英语剧很成功。将介词in还原到原来的位置act
in
the
English
play。句中代词which在此是指English
play。这是由以下两个句子(The
English
play
was
a
great
success.
My
students
acted
in
the
English
play
at
the
New
Year’s
party)合并而成的主从复合句。故选B项。
13.Sara,
my
colle
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ague,
has
been
_______
the
run
all
week
preparing
for
her
son’s
wedding.
A.
in
B.
to
C.
on
D.
at
【答案】C
【解析】on
the
run逃跑,忙碌,奔波。句意:我的同事萨拉,整个一周都在忙碌着为儿子的婚礼做准备。故选C。
14.When
I
was
pushe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )d
onto
the
stage,
I
felt
all
the
eyes
in
the
hall
_______
me.
A.
through
B.
across
C.
into
D.
on
【答案】D
【解析】through通过,穿过;acros
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )s穿过,横穿;into(表示方向)进入……中;on在……上面。句意:当我被推上舞台时,我觉得大厅里所有的眼睛都盯着我。故选D。
15.Singer
Zhang
L
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ei
won
“The
Voice
of
China”
2015
season
at
the
Bird
Nest
in
Beijing
on
Oct
7,
2015,
with
years
of
experience
_______
him.
A.
against
B.
for
C.
of
D.
behind
【答案】D
【解析】句意:由于有多年积累的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )经验的支撑,歌手张磊于2015年10月7日在北京鸟巢获得了“中国好声音”2015赛季冠军。此处指他有多年积累的经验的支撑,这儿的“behind”相当于“supporting”,故选D。
16.A
broad
smi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )le
spread
_______
Jack’s
face
when
he
eventually
gained
a
scholarship.
A.
across
B.
through
C.
at
D.
in
【答案】A
【解析】句意:当他最终获得奖学金的时候,他的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )脸上堆满了笑容。spread
across:扩散到整个……,漫过……。A
broad
smile
spread
across
Mawson’s
fat
face.莫森的胖呼呼的脸上堆满了笑容。Water
began
to
spread
across
the
floor.水开始漫过地板。故选A。
17.Living
with
cancer
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
has
made
her
realize
how
important
it
is
to
take
every
chance
to
live
her
life
_______
the
fullest.
A.
at
B.
on
C.
to
D.
with
【答案】C
【解析】live
one’s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )life
to
the
fullest生活得充实,过充实的生活。句意:身患癌症使她认识到抓住每一个机会让自己生活得充实是多么的重要。根据题意选C。
18.—The
game
last
night
was
so
good.
—Yeah!
Our
school
team
won
_______
two
points!
A.
by
B.
at
C.
in
D.
to
【答案】A
【解析】win
by
two
points赢两分。句意:“昨天晚上的比赛是那么的精彩。”“是啊!我们学校队赢了两分!”故选A项。
19.Two
years
ago,
thre
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )e
scientists
traveled
to
the
Antarctica
to
explore
a
secret
world
hidden
_______
the
ice.
A.
among
B.
beneath
C.
beyond
D.
opposite
【答案】B
【解析】句意:两年前,三位科学家赴南极探索隐
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )藏在冰下的秘密世界。among在(多数)之中,在……中间;beneath在……的下面;beyond(场所)在/向……的那边;离……以外,远于;opposite在……的对面。由题意可知,选B正确。
20.The
new
pr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )oduct
is
beyond
all
praise
and
has
quickly
taken
over
the
market
_______
its
superior
quality.
A.
in
terms
of
B.
by
virtue
of
C.
on
behalf
of
D.
on
top
of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:新产品让人赞不绝口。该产品凭借
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )其优越的品质迅速占领了市场。by
virtue
of凭借……的力量,由于[因为];in
terms
of就……而言,在……方面;on
behalf
of代表……;on
top
of除……之外。故选B。
21.Britain
is
a
"
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )second-rate
power"
which
has
been
_______
for
a
century—yet
London
remains
the
most
influential
city
in
the
world.
A.
in
decline
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
in
effect
C.
on
the
move
D.
on
the
rise
【答案】A
【解析】in
decline一般是数量上的,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )如销售额下降,战争减少。但也有通用的,如国家衰落;in
effect有效,实际上,事实上;on
the
move在行动,在移动中,在进步中,流动;on
the
rise在上涨[增长],蓬勃高涨。句意:虽然英国作为曾经的第二大帝国已经衰落了将近一个世纪,但是伦敦仍然是世界上最有影响力的城市。故选A项。
22.Andy
sold
us
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
house
at
a
low
price
and
threw
in
some
of
the
furniture
_______.
A.
for
a
change
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
for
my
part
C.
for
good
measure
D.
for
a
song
【答案】C
【解祈】句意:安迪廉价把房子
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )卖给了我们,额外赠送了一些家具。for
good
measure
附加的,额外的,符合句意;for
a
change
为了改变一下,
为了换个口味;for
my
part就我而言;for
a
song
廉价。
23.Tom
usually
does
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )raditional
exercises
like
sit-ups,
press-ups
and
pull-ups
to
stay
_______.
A.
in
shape
B.
in
order
C.
in
fashion
D.
in
place
【答案】A
【解析】句意:汤姆经常做一些传
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )统的训练诸如引体向上、俯卧撑和仰卧起坐之类的运动来使自己处于良好的身体状态。in
shape处于良好状态;in
order按次序;in
fashion流行,时兴;in
place在恰当的位置上。故选A适合。
24.Every
morning
when
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
Tom
got
up,
his
mother
was
already
_______
and
had
nearly
accomplished
all
the
housework.
A.
in
the
red
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
around
the
corner
C.
on
the
move
D.
over
the
moon
【答案】C
【解析】句意:每天早上他起床的时候
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ),他的妈妈早已在忙碌中并做完了所有的家务。in
the
red赤字,负债;around
the
corner即将来临;on
the
move在忙碌中;over
the
moon兴高采烈。故C项适合。
25.—It
is
really
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
boring
to
practice
playing
the
piano
every
day.
—Come
on,
dear!
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
The
rewards
you
get
are
________
the
effort
you
put
in.
A.
in
proportion
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )to
B.
in
addition
to
C.
in
contrast
to
D.
in
regard
to
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——每天练习弹弹钢琴真无聊。—
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )—来吧,亲爱的!你得到的回报与你所付出的努力是成比例的(意思是说:你付出的努力越多,你得到的回报就越多)。in
proportion
to与……成比例;in
addition
to除了……还有,此外,除此之外还有;in
contrast
to相比之下,与……对照/对比;in
regard
to关于……,对于……,涉及……。故选A。
26.Some
membe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )rs
went
so
wild
that
they
strongly
demanded
to
know
why
they
had
been
kept
_______
the
true
facts
until
the
present
stage.
A.
in
view
of
B.
in
ignorance
of
C.
in
place
of
D.
in
favor
of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:有些成员气得都要发疯了,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
他们强烈要求知道为什么直到现阶段还没让他们知道事实真相。in
view
of考虑到,鉴于;in
ignorance
of不知道;in
place
of代替;in
favor
of支持,有利于。故选B。
27.We
usually
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
go
to
Italy
for
our
holiday,
but
we
thought
we
would
go
to
France
this
year,
_______
a
change.
A.
in
case
of
B.
in
terms
of
C.
by
way
of
D.
by
reason
of
【答案】C
【解祈】句意:我们通常都是去意大利
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )度假,但是我们想改变一下方式,今年到法国去(度假)。in
case
of以防,万一;in
terms
of就……来说,从……的角度;by
way
of路经(某处),途经,作为,当作,by
way
of
a
change通过改变的方式;by
reason
of因为,由于。根据语境可知选C项。
28.The
young
children
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
have
been
making
good
comments
on
the
cartoon
film,
but
_______
the
box
office
receipts,
it
is
still
far
from
satisfactory.
A.
in
place
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
in
terms
of
C.
in
line
with
D.
in
favor
of
【答案】B
【解祈】句意:孩子们对这部卡通片评价不错
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ),但就票房而言,还是不尽如人意。in
place
of
代替;in
terms
of
就……而言;in
line
with
和……一致;in
favor
of
赞成。故选B。
29.The
Internet
P
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )lus
will
bring
about
the
fourth
industrial
revolution
for
manufacturing
_______
the
conventional
business
models.
A.
in
charge
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
in
contrast
to
C.
in
defense
of
D.
in
proportion
to
【答案】B
【解祈】句意:与传统的商业模式形成对比的是,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )互联网+将会带来制造业的第四次工业革命。in
charge
of主管,负责;in
contrast
to与……相对照;in
defense
of为……辩护,防卫;in
proportion
to与……相称,与……成比例。故选B。
30.—Why
not
talk
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )with
your
parents
about
your
willingness
to
attend
2016
Peking
University
Summer
Camp
—I
tried
_______
to
get
them
to
listen
to
me.
A.
in
time
B.
in
vain
C.
in
need
D.
in
case
【答案】B
【解析】句意:“为什么不告诉你的父母
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )关于你愿意参加2016年北京大学夏令营的事?”“我尽力说服他们听听我的意见,但白费力气。”in
vain白费力气,徒劳无益,符合语境。in
time及时,迟早;in
need在危难中;in
case以防万一。2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题05介词和介词短语
考点聚焦(学生版)
介词和介词短语高考的一个必考点,命题形式
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )除了单项填空题外还在完形填空、语法填空、短文改错中进行考查,其考点主要涉及介词的用法区别,介词与动词、名词、形容词等的常见搭配,介词在特定语境中的选用和介词短语的用法等等。
考点1
容易混淆的单一(复合、短语、双重等)介词的辨析
①Everybody
was
touche
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )d
_______
words
after
they
heard
her
moving
story.
A.
beyond
B.
without
C.
of
D.
in
【答案与解析】
②Last
year
was
the
wa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )rmest
year
on
record,
with
global
temperature
0.68
℃_______
the
average.
A.
below
B.
on
C.
at
D.
above
【答案与解析】
③Jane
is
in
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
hurry
because
the
train
to
the
airport
leaves
_______
half
an
hour.
A.
by
B.
in
C.
for
D.
until
【答案与解析】
④—
I’m
looking
for
a
nearby
place
for
my
holiday.
Any
good
ideas
—
How
about
the
Moon
Lake
It
is
_______
easy
reach
of
the
city.
A.
by
B.
beyond
C.
within
D.
from
【答案与解析】
⑤Ding
Junhui
plays
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )_______
Gary
Wilson
in
the
semifinal
of
the
2015
World
Snooker
China
Open
in
Beijing,
April
4,
2015.
A.
over
B.
for
C.
against
D.
with
【答案与解析】
⑥Many
of
the
thin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )gs
we
now
benefit
from
would
not
be
around
_______
Thomas
Edison.
A.
thanks
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
regardless
of
C.
aside
from
D.
but
for
【答案与解析】
⑦_______
China-US
diff
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )erences
on
human
rights
issues,
Honglei
said
the
two
sides
can
enhance
mutual
understanding
through
dialogue
based
on
equality
and
mutual
respect.
A.
Including
B.
Namely
C.
Besides
D.
Regarding
【答案与解析】
⑧A
table
and
some
chairs
rose
_______
the
floor
as
if
by
magic.
A.
from
B.
from
under
C.
aside
from
D.
under
【答案与解析】
考点2
相同介词加不同中心词所构成短语的辨析
①①(2016高考英语天
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )津卷)The
dictionary
is
______:
many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
A.
out
of
control
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
out
of
date
C.
out
of
sight
D.
out
of
reach
【答案与解析】
②Human
life
is
rega
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )rded
as
part
of
nature
and,
as
such,
the
only
way
for
us
to
survive
is
to
live
_______
nature.
A.
in
view
of
B
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).
in
need
of
C.
in
touch
with
D.
in
harmony
with
【答案与解析】
③This
meeting
room
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )s
a
non-smoking
area.
I
would
like
to
warn
you
_______
that
if
you
smoked
here
you
would
be
fined.
A.
in
advance
B.
in
detail
C.
in
total
D.
in
general
【答案与解析】
④These
comments
ca
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )me
_______
specific
questions
often
asked
by
local
newsmen.
A.
in
memory
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
in
response
to
C.
in
touch
with
D.
in
possession
of
【答案与解析】
考点3
不同介词加不同中心词所构成短语的辨析
①①(2016高考英语浙江卷)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )That
young
man
is
honest,
cooperative,
always
there
when
you
need
his
help
.
_______,
he’s
reliable.
A.
Or
else
B.
In
short
C.
By
the
way
D.
For
one
thing
【答案与解析】
②There’s
no
reason
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
be
disappointed.
_______,
this
could
be
rather
amusing.
A.
Above
all
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
As
a
result
C.
In
addition
D.
As
a
matter
of
fact
【答案与解析】
③Starting
your
own
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )business
could
be
a
way
to
achieving
financial
independence.
_______,
it
could
just
put
you
in
debt.
A.
In
other
words
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
All
in
all
C.
As
a
result
D.
On
the
other
hand
【答案与解析】
④Our
club
is
open
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
everyone
_______
age,
sex
or
educational
background.
A.
due
to
B.
except
for
C.
along
with
D.
regardless
of
【答案与解析】
⑤_______
the
school,
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )he
village
has
a
clinic,
which
was
also
built
with
government
support.
A.
In
reply
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
B.
In
addition
to
C.
In
charge
of
D.
In
place
of
【答案与解析】
⑥An
artist
who
was
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )recently
traveling
on
a
ferry
to
the
southern
island
discovered
_______
a
long
lost
antique
Greek
vase.
A.
at
random
B.
by
chance
C.
in
turn
D.
on
occasion
【答案与解析】
⑦I
am
always
delight
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ed
when
I
receive
an
email
from
you.
_______
the
party
on
July
1st
I
shall
be
pleased
to
attend
.
A.
On
account
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
In
response
to
C.
In
view
of
D.
With
regard
to
【答案与解析】
⑧_______
everyone
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )here,
I
wish
you
a
pleasant
journey
back
to
your
country.
A.
By
means
of
B.
On
behalf
of
C.
In
search
of
D.
For
fear
of
【答案与解析】
考点4
重在搭配的介词
①Have
you
ever
hear
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )d
of
the
trees
that
are
homes
_______
animals
both
on
land
and
sea
A.
about
B.
to
C.
with
D.
over
【答案与解析】
②The
little
pu
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )pil
took
his
grandma
_______
the
arm
and
walked
her
across
the
street.
A.
on
B.
by
C.
in
D.
at
【答案与解析】
③Try
on
this
red
skirt;
you
will
look
great
_______
it.
A.
on
B.
by
C.
in
D.
for
【答案与解析】
④My
father
wa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )rned
me
_______
going
to
the
West
Coast
because
it
was
crowed
with
tourists.
A.
by
B.
on
C.
for
D.
against
【答案与解析】
⑤I
agree
to
his
sugges
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )tion
_______
the
condition
that
he
drops
all
charges.
A.
by
B.
in
C.
on
D.
to
【答案与解析】
⑥Sometimes
proper
answ
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ers
are
not
far
to
seek
_______
food
safety
problem.
A.
in
B.
to
C.
on
D.
after
【答案与解析】
⑦Do
you
think
this
shirt
is
too
tight
_______
the
shoulders
A.
at
B.
on
C.
to
D.
across
【答案与解析】
考点5
介词短语的分隔
此类题是命题者常用的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )手法之一,从结构上做文章,使考生不能一下子判断出介词究竟跟哪个名词发生关系而造成误选。因此考生解题时将介词还原到原来的位置上才可顺利解题。
①A
common
memory
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
they
all
have
_______
their
school
days
is
the
school
uniform.
A.
of
B.
on
C.
to
D.
with
【答案与解析】
②100℃
is
the
temperature
_______
which
water
will
boil
A.
for
B.
at
C.
on
D.
of
【答案与解析】
③(2016高考英语浙江卷)The
stu
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )dy
suggests
that
the
cultures
we
grow
up
_______influence
the
basic
processes
by
which
we
see
world
around
us.
A.
on
B.
in
C.
at
D.
about
【答案与解析】
④I
always
wanted
to
do
the
job
which
I’d
been
trained
_______.
A.
on
B.
for
C.
by
D.
of
【答案与解析】2017
届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题05
介词和介词短语
知识精讲(教师版)
介词英语中称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-(在……前部)+position(位置)”构成的,所以又叫前置词。
一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。介词是虚词,主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之
间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。可作介词宾语
的主要有名词、代词、动名词(或动名词短语)、名词性从句等。
一、介词的种类
1.Understanding
the
article
is
beyond
my
ability.理解这篇文章超出我的能力范围。
2.Make
sure
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
exercise
you
give
the
children
is
within
pupil’s
reach.
确保给学生们的练习要在他们的能力范围以内。
3.Thanks
to
the
me
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asures
taken
by
the
local
government
,
the
polluted
river
is
becoming
clearer
and
clearer.
多亏了当地政府所采取的措施,被污染的河流变得越来越清澈了。
4.
He
saw
the
corne
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
of
a
magazine
sticking
out
from
under
the
blanket.他看见杂志的一角从毯子下露了出来。
5.Concerning
you
opinion,
I
think
you
are
great.就你的观点而言,我认为你很伟大。
6.Unlike
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Venice
Film
Festival,
the
Sundance
Film
Festival
only
includes
small,
independent
films.
和威尼斯电影节不一样,圣丹斯电影节指包括小的独立发行公司。
说明:1.beyond
为简单介词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(即单一介词)。类例:across,
after,
against,
among,
around,
at,
during,
in,
on
等;
2.within
为合成介词(由两个介词构成的合成词)。类例:into,
onto,
throughout,
upon
等;
3.thanks
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为短语介词(由短语构成)。类例:according
to,
instead
of,
up
to,
due
to,
owing
to
等;
4.from
under
为双重介词(由两个介词搭配而成)。类例:from
among,
from
behind
等;
5.concerning
为分词介词(由现在分词转化而来)。类例:considering,
including,
regarding
等;
6.unlike
为兼类介词(由形容词直接转化而来)。类例:like,
next,
opposite
等。
二、介词短语的语法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,
表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
1.
When
I
paid
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )visit
to
you
yesterday,
you
were
not
at
home.我昨天去拜访你的时候,你不在家。(表语)
2.
They
didn’t
find
the
solution
to
the
problem.他们没有找到解决这个问题的方法。(定语)
3.
There
will
be
no
living
things
without
water.没有水就没有生物。(条件状语)
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传真:010-89313898
2
4.I
found
everything
in
good
order.我发现一切都井然有序。(宾语补足语)
说明:介词短语在很多情况下用来作各种各样的状语:
Usually,
we
have
breakfast
at
seven
at
home.通常我们七点钟在家吃早饭。(时间、地点状语)
They
were
late
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or
the
meeting
because
of
the
heavy
rain.由于下大雨,他们开会迟到了。(原因状语)
What
do
you
mean
by
doing
such
a
thing 做这样的事,你是什么意思?(方式状语)
He
ran
for
shelter
as
quickly
as
he
could.他尽快地跑去避雨。(目的状语)
I
went
shopping
in
spite
of
the
rain.尽管下雨,我还是出去买东西了。(让步状语)
To
what
extent
would
you
trust
them
你对他们信任程度如何?(程度状语)
The
girl
came
back
to
her
mother
in
tears.这女孩眼泪汪汪地回到母亲身边。(伴随状语)
On
the
whole,
I’m
in
favour
of
the
proposal.总的说来,我赞成这个提议。(作状语修饰整个句子)
三、常见介词(短语)的区别
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,使用频率相当高,其用法跟冠词一样复杂。笔者对最近四年
(2013-2016)全国卷及各自主命题省份的高考题的单项选择题中所涉及的介词(短语)考点进行了统计:共涉及
介词(短语)
(去除了备选中不是介
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词短语的有3
个:That
is
to
say,
What’s
more,
Or
else)共149
个,其中重复的
有54
个,所以实际上所涉及的只有95
个介词(短语)。具体情况见下表:
考点次数
in(包括含in
的介词短语)
49(重复的有11
个)
on(包括含on
的介词短语)
15(重复的有4
个)
by(包括含by
的介词短语)
11(重复的有6
个)
with(in/out)(包括与此相关的介词短语)
10(重复的有6
个)
for(包括含for
的介词短语)
8(重复的有4
个)
含as
的介词短语6(重复的有4
个)
含out
of
的介词短语6(重复的有1
个)
at(包括含at
的介词短语)
5(重复的有3
个)
合计110(重复的有39
个)
其它涉及的介词和介词短语还有39
个,去除重复的15
个,还剩下24
个:
along,
along
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with,
about,
above,
above
all,
against,
all
in
all,
around
the
clock,
around
the
comer,
aside
from,
before,
below,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )beyond,
but
for,
despite,
due
to,
from,
of,
off,
over,
regardless
of,
thanks
to,
to,
until
说明:因为2016
年大部分原来自主命题的省份不再自主命题,故剩下:北京、天津、上海、江苏、浙江和
联系地址:北京市房山区星城北里综合办公楼(21世纪教育网)
邮政编码:102413
电话:010-58425255/6/7
传真:010-89313898
3
四川等六个省市自主命题。所以2016
高考英语单选题所涉及到的介词(短语)数量极其有限,但这并
不意味着介词就不是高考的重点。因此对于介词的复习,我们还是需要认真对待的。
1.表示“时间”的介词
①in,
on,
at
▲in
用在表示年份、季节、月份,或上午、下午或晚上的名词前;
▲on
用在表示特定的某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前;
▲at
用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的词前。
We
will
have
a
meeting
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
at
8
o’clock
in
the
morning
on
Sunday.我们将在星期天早上八点钟开会。
On
a
cosy
morning,
I
had
a
good
time
in
the
park.在一个舒适的早上,我在公园玩得很开心。
②for,
during,
through
▲for
后接“一段时间”,表示动作某事持续多久或状态保持多久,多与完成时连用;
▲during
表示“在……期间”;
▲through
表示“整个……,自始至终”。
The
new
boy
looked
at
the
teacher
for
a
few
seconds.这个新来的男孩儿看了老师几秒钟。
I
went
to
France
during
the
summer
holiday.暑假期间我去了法国。
They
worked
hard
through
the
winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
③from,
since
▲from
表示时间的起点,意为“从……”,多用于“from...to/till...”中;
▲since
表示“自从……以来”。
I
have
been
waiting
here
from
morning
till
noon.我在这里从早上等到中午。
I
have
been
learning
English
since
three
years
ago.自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。
注意:for
和since
都常与完成时连用,但for
接时间段,since
接时间点。
I
have
worked
here
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
for
five
years=I
have
worked
here
sine
five
years
ago.
我在这里已经工作两年了。
④before,
by,
till,
until
▲before
指“在……之前”,与after
相对;
▲by
指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”,by(包括by
the
end
of)后接过去时间,常与过去完成时
连用;后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用;
▲till(until)“直到……为止”,在肯定句中,till/until
必须与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till/until
常
联系地址:北京市房山区星城北里综合办公楼(21世纪教育网)
邮政编码:102413
电话:010-58425255/6/7
传真:010-89313898
4
与非延续性动词连用。
Please
come
before
ten
o’clock.请在十点钟以前回来。
I
shall
be
back
by
5
o’clock.
最迟五点我一定回来。
·
How
many
Eng
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lish
parties
had
you
had
by
the
end
of
last
term
到上学期末,你们举行了几次英语晚会?
I’ll
have
fi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nished
reading
the
novel
by
the
end
of
next
month.到下个月底,我就要读完这本小说。
You
must
wait
for
him
till
tomorrow.你必须一直等他到明天。
⑤after,
in
▲after+一段时间:表示“在……之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用after,即after+
点时间,用于各种时态;
▲in+一段时间:表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用,但表示“在……之内=within”
时,用于各种时态。
After
three
days,
they
went
abroad.三天之后,他们出国了。
After
eight
it
will
begin
to
rain.八点后就要开始下雨了。
They
will
leave
in
half
an
hour.他们半小时后就出发。
They
finished
the
work
in(within)half
an
hour.他们在半小时之内就把这项工作做完了。
2.表示“位置”的介词
①表示上下位置关系的
▲on
在……的上面(面与面接触);
▲over
在……(垂直)的正上方,其相对意义的词是under
在……(垂直)的正下方;
▲above
在……(不强调垂直)的上方,其相对意义的词是below
在……(不强调垂直)的下方。
The
waterfall
is
above
the
bridge.
瀑布在桥的侧上方。
There
is
a
bus
on
the
bridge.
桥上有一辆车。
There
was
a
lamp
over
the
table.
桌子上空有一盏灯。
There
is
a
bridge
over
the
river.
河上有一座桥。
注意:▲in
也可以表示“在……的上”。如:
There’re
some
apples
on
the
tree.那棵树上有几个苹果。
There’s
a
bird
in
the
tree.树上有只鸟。
on
the
tree
在树上的东西本身是树的一部分东西(如叶子、果实)
in
the
tree
在树上的东西本身不是树的一部分(如鸟、人)
联系地址:北京市房山区星城北里综合办公楼(21世纪教育网)
邮政编码:102413
电话:010-58425255/6/7
传真:010-89313898
5
▲over
还可以表示:覆盖、(大范围内)笼罩、遍及、超过=more
than、在……期间(在从事……的时
候)、关于(在……方面)、过去等。如:
He
put
his
coat
over
her
shoulders.
他把上衣覆盖在她的肩膀上。
He
traveled
all
over
Europe.
他游遍了欧洲。
The
mountain
is
ov
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
4,000
metres
above
(higher
than)
sea
level.那座山海拔有四千多米高。
They
discussed
it
over
a
game
of
golf.他们一边打高尔夫球,一边讨论。
These
men
have
quar
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reled
over
the
price
of
a
load
of
hay.这帮人为了一车干草的价钱争吵不休。
I’m
sorry
I
didn’t
p
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hone
you,
but
I’ve
been
very
busy
over
the
past
couple
of
weeks.
对不起,我没给你打电话,因为在过去的两周里我一直很忙。
▲above
也可以数量(表示“超出”这意)。如:
He
was
a
good
student
and
scored
above
average
in
most
subjects.
他是个好学生,大多数科目都在平均分以上。
▲复现率比较低的beneath:紧挨……之下,紧贴在某物的下方,低于,劣于。
He
found
the
remain
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
of
building
buried
beneath
the
sand.他发现了埋藏于沙地下的建筑遗迹。
His
waistcoat
is
beneath
his
coat.他的背心穿在外套里面。
The
sun
is
now
beneath
the
horizon.太阳此刻落到地平线下了。
He
is
beneath
his
brother
intellectually.他在智力方面不如他兄弟。
②表示前后左右关系的
▲near
在……附近;
▲next
to
紧挨着……;
▲round/around
在……周围;
▲by
在……旁边;
▲along
表示沿着街、路、河岸等;
▲behind
在……后面,(抽象意义上的)落后
▲in
表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”;
▲on
表示“接壤,相邻”;
▲to
表示“相离,相隔”,两者不属同一范围,也不接壤。
Changchun
lies
in
the
northeast
of
China.长春位于中国的东北部。
Mongolia
is/lies
on
the
north
of
China.蒙古与中国北部接壤。
Japan
is
to
the
east
of
China.日本在中国的东边。
③表示途经关系的
▲across
主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;
联系地址:北京市房山区星城北里综合办公楼(21世纪教育网)
邮政编码:102413
电话:010-58425255/6/7
传真:010-89313898
6
▲past
意为“从……旁经过”;
▲up
表示向上,由南到北,由西到东,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市,反之则用
down;
▲through
指从某物的内部“穿过”;
▲over
指“越过”某一障碍物。
Pipes
carry
oil
across
the
desert.输油管横过沙漠。
Their
car
drove
past
our
school.他们的车子驶过我们的学校。
They
sailed
up
the
river.他们向河的上游驶去
It
took
us
ten
minutes
to
drive
through
the
tunnel.我们开车10
分钟穿过了隧道。
The
thief
jumped
over
the
wall
and
ran
away.窃贼翻过围墙逃走了。
3.表示“计量”的介词
①at
表示“以……速度,以……价格”;
②for
表示“用……交换,以……为代价”;
③by
表示“按……计算”。
He
has
sold
his
house
at
a
high
price.他以高价出售了他的房子。
He
sold
his
car
for
500
dollars.他以五百美元把车卖了。
They
are
paid
by
the
day.他们按天计算报酬。
4.表示“行为的工具、手段或者方式”的介词
①by
表示用某种方式,多用于交通。如by
bus
乘公共汽车,by
e-mail
通过电子邮件。
注意:表示搭乘交通工具用by
时,名词前不加冠词;用in
时,名词前要加冠词。
请比较:I
went
there
by
bus/in
a
bus.我是乘公共汽车到那儿去的。
②with
表示“用某种具体工具、身体的某部分或器官”。
We
speak
with
our
mouths.我们用嘴说话。
注意:with
表示用某种工具时,名词前必须用冠词或物主代词。
③in
表示用某种材料或语言。
Please
speak
in
English
and
write
in
ink/with
a
pen.请用英语说并用钢笔写。
④through
表示“以(方法、手段),经由”,后面多接抽象名词。
You
can
only
achieve
success
through
hard
work.只有通过努力工作,你才能获得成功。
5.表示“除了,除……之外(还有)”的介词(短语)
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①besides
表示包含,“除……之外还有……”;
②except
表示排除,“除……之外”,指整体里面排除部分,后面可接代词、副词、介词短语,还可接that
从句或wh-从句;
③but
表示排除,多与nobody,
no
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne,
no
one,
nothing,
anything,
everyone,
all,
who
等连用;
④except
for
表示“除……之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正;
⑤apart
from
表示“此外,除……之外还有……”,相当于besides/as
well
as
和except(for);
⑥aside
from
除了,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )除……之外还有……,相当于besides/as
well
as
和except(for);它还有“偏离,不介入”
的意思。
⑦in
addition
to
表示“除……之外(还有)……”,相当于besides。
We
all
went
besides
him.
除他之外,我们大家也都去了。
She
saw
nothing
but/except
snow.
除了雪她什么也没看见。
Beijing
is
a
beau
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tiful
city,
except
for
/apart
from/aside
from
its
traffic.除了交通问题,北京是一座很美的城市。
Apart
from/Bes
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ides/Aside
from
going
shopping,
she
likes
walking
except
when
it
rains.
天不下雨时,除了购物她还喜欢散步。
In
addition
to/Beiside
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
English,
he
has
to
study
a
second
foreign
language.除英语外,他还得学第二外语。
Your
talk
is
a
little
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
aside
from
the
subject
of
our
discussion.你的发言稍微偏离了我们讨论会的主题。
Ireland
stood
aside
from
this
conflict.
爱尔兰没有介入这次冲突。
6.表示“原因”的介词
①for
表示原因,常与sorry,
famous,
punish,
praise,
thank,
blame
等词连用;
②at
指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到……而……”;
③from
指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等;
④of
指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿,年老等;
⑤with
指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因;
⑥by
表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
The
Smiths
are
praised
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
for
the
way
they
bring
up
their
children.史密斯夫妇因培养孩子的方式而受到了表扬。
He
was
surprised
at
the
news.他对这个消息感到吃惊。
The
young
man
died
from
an
accident.那个年轻人死于车祸。
The
old
man
died
of
hunger.那个老人饿死了。
He
was
trembling
with
cold.他冷得发抖。
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She
took
your
umbrella
by
mistake.她错拿了你的伞。
6.貌似熟悉而容易用错的介词
▲off
离开……,隔着……,在(离岸边不远的)海面,从……脱落,从……掉下,偏离,失去等;
▲between
原指两者之间,但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈
到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时,就用between;
▲against(表示方向)与……方向相反,逆着,迎着,顶着;(表示方位)紧靠着……,倚靠着……;(表示对
象)对……不利,对……有害,以……为竞争对手,违反,违背;(表示对比)和……比,和……对照,
以……为背景。
①The
Well
Hotel
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
stands
in
a
quiet
place
_______
the
main
road
at
the
far
end
of
the
lake.
A.
to
B.
for
C.
off
D.
out
【答案与解析】C。off
意思是“离开……、隔着……”,表示与……隔着一定的距离。句意:Well
宾馆
坐落在一个安静的地方,远离主干道,在湖的尽头。
②She
drove
so
fast
at
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
turn
that
the
car
almost
went
_______
the
road.
A.
on
B.
along
C.
from
D.
off
【答案与解析】D。on
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
road
在路上;along
the
road
进行,进展,沿着……;from
the
road
从路上;off
the
road
离开路面即偏离路面。句意:在拐弯处她开得如此之快,以至于他的汽车差点
驶冲到路下。根据句意可知D
项符合上下文。
③Not
all
of
us
know
the
difference
_______
wheat,
oats
and
barley.
A.
among
B.
between
C.
from
D.
in
【答案与解析】B。一般说来,between
用于两者之间,among
表示三者和三者以上之间。但有时说的虽
然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是两两相互间的关系,适用于between.
如:The
soldier
is
hidden
between
the
trees.
④Tired,
Jim
was
fast
asleep
with
his
back
_______
a
big
tree.
A.
in
B.
below
C.
beside
D.
against
【答案与解析】D。against
此处意为:“倚着,靠着”;below
在……下方;beside
在……旁边;in
在……
里面,在(时间)……之后。句意:累了,吉姆背倚着树,很快就睡着了。
⑤An
agreement
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
seems
to
be
impossible
because
the
majority
of
the
committee
members
are
_______
it.
A
.
against
B.
for
C
.to
D.
with
【答案与解析】A。这句话的意思:协议的达成似乎是不可能的,因为大多数委员会成员都______它。
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显然这里填“反对”。故选A。
⑥It
was
a
real
rac
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
_______
time
to
get
the
project
done.
Luckily,
we
made
it.
A.
over
B.
by
C.
for
D.
against
【答案与解析】D。over
在……的上方;在……期间,遍及;by
靠近;通过,经由;for(表示对象、用
途等)给,对,供,为了,关于;against
逆着,对抗,反对,与……相反;根据句意“完
成这个项目真正是在和时间赛跑。幸运的是,我们赢了。”选D
项。
⑦He
is
running
_______
the
wind
towards
the
station.
A.
down
B.
against
C.
for
D.
with
【答案与解析】B。against
the
wind
逆/顶风。句意:他逆着风向车站跑去。
⑧The
large
grassland
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
reaching
out
far
away,
looks
extremely
beautiful
_______
the
blue
and
clean
sky.
A.
with
B.
against
C.
through
D.
beyond
【答案与解析】B。against
以……为背景,衬托着。句意为:大片的草地,延伸到远方,以蓝天白云为
背景,看起来极为美丽。
⑨He
was
elected
by
a
majority
of
30
votes
_______
15
.
A.
against
B.
with
C.
in
D.
by
【答案与解析】A。against
与……对比,表示对比关系。句意:他以30
票对15
票的压到多数而当选。
选A。
7.含有介词的相似结构短语比较
①所搭配的介词不同意义不同
(be)absent
from
缺席——(be)
absent
in
不在这里而在……
(be)afraid
of
担心——(be)afraid
for
为……而担心
(be)angry
with
sb.对某人生气——(be)angry
at/about
sth.因某事而生气
(be)anxious
for
sth.急于想得到——(be)anxious
about
sth../sb.对某事/某人担心
(be)familiar
with
精通,熟悉——(be)familiar
to
为……熟知(悉)
(be)good
at
擅长于——(be)good
for
对……有益——(be)good
to
对……友好/态度好
(be)popular
with
sb.受某人的欢迎——(be)popular
for
因……而流行
(be)strict
with
sb.对某人要求严格——(be)strict
in
sth.对某事要求严格
②仅相差一词意义大为不同
in
front
of(在……前面)——in
the
front
of(在……前部)
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in
charge
of(负责)——in
the
charge
of(由……负责)
out
of
question(毫无疑问)——out
of
the
question(不可能)
in
possession
of
拥有——
in
the
possession
of
被……拥有
at
table(在吃饭;在吃饭时)——at
the
table(在桌子旁边)
know
sb.认识某人——know
about
sb.了解某人
shoot
sb.击中某人——shoot
at
sb.向某人射击
search
sb.搜身——search
for
sb.搜寻、寻找某人
believe
sb.相信某人的话——believe
in
sb.信任某人的人格
benefit
sb.使某人受益——benefit
from
sb.从某人那里得到益处
hear
sb.听某人讲话、说话hear
of
sb.听说过某人
四、误用介词的常见情况
1.画蛇添足,误加介词
serve
the
people
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为人民服务(容易在serve
后加for)
enter
the
room
进入房间(容易在enter
后加into)
follow
me
跟在我后面(容易在follow
后加behind)
marry
sb.与某人结婚(容易在marry
后加with)
go
abroad
出国(容易在go
后面加to)
live
upstairs
住在楼上(容易在live
后面加
in)
2.母语思维,误用介词
be
caught
in
the
rain
被雨淋着(不用by)
leave
for
some
place
动身去某地(不用to)
set
an
example
to
sb.为某人树立榜样(不用for)
in
the
direction
朝着……方向(不用to)
do
a
favor
for
sb.帮某人一个忙(不用to)
different
from
和……不同(不用with)
with
the
help
of
在……的帮助下(不用under)
read
sth.
to
sb.给(为)……读(念)……(不用for)
五、最近常考的介词短语
1.at
介词短语
at
a
time
依次,逐一,每次at
all
times
随时,每时每刻,总是,一直
at
any
cost
不惜任何代价at
church
在做礼拜
at
dinner/table
在吃饭at
dusk
在黄昏时刻
at
ease
安逸,舒适,无拘无束at
length
充分地,详尽地,最后,终于
at
no
time
决不at
peace
在和平时期
at
present
目前at
random
胡乱地,随意地,随机地
at
rest
在休息at
sight
一看到……就,一经要求就
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at
stake
在危急关头at
the
mercy
of
在……支配下;任由……摆布
at
first=at
the
beginning
初期at
the
beginning
of
在……的初始阶段
at
the
end
of
在……结束时at
work
在工作,在办公
2.beyond
介词短语
beyond
belief
难以置信beyond
compare
无可比拟
beyond
control
不听管教、无法控制beyond
doubt
毫无疑问,无疑地,不容怀疑
beyond
description
难以形容beyond
expression
无法表达
beyond
recognition
难以认出,面目全非beyond
sb.难以想象,超乎某人的想象
beyond
suspicion
无可怀疑
3.by
介词短语
by
chance=by
accident
偶然,碰巧by
contrast
相比之下
by
far
到目前为止by
means
of
通过……方式,依靠,借助于
by
mistake
错误地by
name
用名字,名叫
by
the
way
顺便说/问一下by
turns
轮流地,交替地
by
virtue
of
凭借……的力量,由于(因为)
4.for
介词短语
for
a
change
为了改变一下,
为了换个口味for
a
song
廉价
for
ever
永远for
fear
of
生怕,以免
for
good
measure
附加的,额外的for
good
永远
for
lack
of
由于缺乏for
one’s
part
就某人而言
for
one
thing
其一,一方面for
sure
确定
for
the
benefit
of
为了……的利益
as
for
关于but
for
要不是
5.in
介词短语
in
a
group
成群结队地in
a
row
连着
in
a
row
成一行,一字儿,接连,连续in
a
second
立刻
in
a
sense
在某种意义上,在一定程度上in
a
way
以某种方式
in
a
word
总之,一句话,总而言之,简言之in
action
在运转,在行动
in
addition
(to)
此外(除了),除……以外(还有)
in
advance
提前
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in
common
共同,共有in
answer
to
回答,应……要求
in
celebration
of
为了庆祝……
in
comfort
舒适地
in
concert
with
和……相呼应/一致,与……合作in
conclusion
总而言之
in
consequence
结果in
contact
with
和……相联系
in
contrast
to
与……对照in
contrast
相比之下
in
decline
减少in
defense
of
保卫
in
demand
需要in
detail
详细地
in
effect
实际上in
exchange
for
作为对……的交换
in
face
of
面对in
fashion
流行的,时髦的
in
favour
of
同意,支持in
general
大体上,笼统地
in
hand
在手头,在进行中in
harmony
with
与……和谐相处
in
honor
of
对……表示敬意,为了纪念……
in
ignorance
of
不知道
in
light
of
根据,鉴于,从……观点来看in
line
with
跟……一致,符合
in
memory
of
为了纪念,为庆祝……
in
need
of
需要
in
no
time
马上,立即in
office
在执政
in
opposition
to
反对in
order
按次序的,合乎程序的,井然有序
in
other
words
换句话说,也就是说in
parallel
with
与……平行/同时/并联
in
particular
特别in
peace
和平
in
place
在对的位置,适当的,准备就绪in
power
当权,在执政
in
praise
of
表扬in
practice
在实际中,实际上
in
preference
to
优先于……
in
progress
尚未完工,正在进行
in
proportion
to
与……相称,与……成比例in
reaction
回应
in
reality
事实上in
relation
to
与……有关,涉及
in
relief
如释重负地,轻松地in
reply
to
作为……的回复
in
response
to
对……做出反应in
return
for
作为对……的回报
in
search
of
寻找in
shape
健康/健美的身材
in
short
简而言之in
sight
看得见
in
spite
of
不管,不顾,尽管in
store
贮藏着,将要发生
in
surprise
惊奇地in
tears
流着泪,涔涔泪下,含着眼泪
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in
terms
of
根据,就……而言/来说in
the
meanwhile
同时
in
the
minority
占少数in
the
red
赤字,负债
in
the
way
挡路,挡道,妨碍in
time
及时,迟早,最后,经过一段时间之后
in
total
总共,总计in
touch
with
和……__________保持联系/接触
in
tune
with
与……协调/融洽/一致in
tune
合调子
in
turn
依次,转而,轮流,反过来in
vain
徒劳地,无益地
in
view
of
由于,鉴于
6.on
介词短语
on
account
of
因为,由于on
a
large
scale
大规模
on
behalf
of
代表……
on
business
办事/出差
on
occasion
有时,偶尔on
duty
值勤/日
on
fire
在燃烧on
guard
在值勤
on
holiday/vacation/leave
在休假on
loan
借用,借贷
on
one’s
own
只靠某人自己的力量,独立地on
purpose
故意地,有目的
on
show/display/
exhibition
在展出on
the
air
在广播
on
the
contrary
恰恰相反on
the
march
在行军
on
the
line
在线,冒风险on
the
move
在忙碌中,在移动,搬迁,离开
on
the
other
hand
另一方面on
sale
出售
on
strike
在罢工on
the
way
在路上
on
trial
在试用on
watch
值班
on
the
whole
总的来说on
top
of
除……之外
7.out
of
介词短语
out
of
control
失去控制,不受控制out
of
date
过时的
out
of
order
发生故障,失调out
of
practice
疏于练习,久不练习
out
of
reach
够不着out
of
place
不合适,不在应在的位置,不恰当
out
of
sight
看不见,在视野之外
8.under
介词短语
under
arrest
被逮捕under
attack
受到袭击
under
construction
在建设中under
control
在控制之中
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14
under
consideration
在考虑中under
development
在发展中
under
discussion
在讨论under
examination
在检查/调查中
under
fire
在炮火中under
medical
treatment
在治疗中
under
observation
在观察中under
repair
在修理中
under
study
在研究中under
test
在被测试
9.其它介词短语
as
a
consequence
因此as
a
matter
of
fact
事实上
as
a
result
结果above
all
首先,最重要的是
across
cultures
跨文化的all
in
all
总而言之
around
the
clock
昼夜不停地around
the
comer
即将来临
back
on
one’s
feet
痊愈,康复far
from
远非,绝不
next
to
挨着,次于over
the
moon
兴高采烈
regardless
of
不管to
a
degree=to
some
extend
某种程度
to
a
lesser
extent
在较小程度上with
regard
to
就……而言,关于__2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题05介词和介词短语
考点聚焦(教师版)
介词和介词短语高考的一个必考点,命题
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )形式除了单项填空题外还在完形填空、语法填空、短文改错中进行考查,其考点主要涉及介词的用法区别,介词与动词、名词、形容词等的常见搭配,介词在特定语境中的选用和介词短语的用法等等。
考点1
容易混淆的单一(复合、短语、双重等)介词的辨析
①Everybody
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )as
touched
_______
words
after
they
heard
her
moving
story.
A.
beyond
B.
without
C.
of
D.
in
【答案与解析】A。bey
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ond
words表示“在言语之外”,即不能用言语来表达,也就是“无法形容”了。句意是“听到她的感人故事之后,他们感动得无法用语言来形容”。
②Last
year
was
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
warmest
year
on
record,
with
global
temperature
0.68
℃_______
the
average.
A.
below
B.
on
C.
at
D.
above
【答案与解析】D。句意:去年是有纪录以来最暖和的一年,全球平均气温上升0.68度。with
的宾语global
temper
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ature,宾语补足语above
the
average(在平均值之上)。below
the
average
意为“在平均
值之下”。
③Jane
is
in
a
hurry
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )because
the
train
to
the
airport
leaves
_______
half
an
hour.
A.
by
B.
in
C.
for
D.
until
【答案与解析】B。本题的关键是the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )train
to
the
airport
leaves火车将要离开;在这句话里使用了一般现在时代替将来时,表示按照车站的时间表列车进出。实际上本句是一个将来时,四个选项里只有“in+一段时间”可以和将来时连用。句意:珍妮很着急,因为去机场的火车半小时以后就要出发了。故B正确。
④—
I’m
looking
for
a
nearby
place
for
my
holiday.
Any
good
ideas
—
How
about
the
Moon
Lake
It
is
_______
easy
reach
of
the
city.
A.
by
B.
beyond
C.
within
D.
from
【答案与解析】C。within
reach
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )of在……附近,在……够得着的地方;beyond
reach
of够不着,达不到,超出……的范围。上文中的“a
nearby
place”说明要在附近找,故选C项。句意:“我正在附近找一个适合度假的地方,有什么好主意吗?”“月亮湖怎么样?就在我们市的附近。”
⑤Ding
Junhui
pl
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ays
_______
Gary
Wilson
in
the
semifinal
of
the
2015
World
Snooker
China
Open
in
Beijing,
April
4,
2015.
A.
over
B.
for
C.
against
D.
with
【答案与解析】C。over在……上
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )面;for因为,当做,作为;against反对,违背,同……竞争/对决;with伴随,一致;句意:丁俊晖和加里·威尔逊于2015年4月4日在北京举行的2015年斯诺克世锦赛的半决赛上对决。故选C。
⑥Many
of
the
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )hings
we
now
benefit
from
would
not
be
around
_______
Thomas
Edison.
A.
thanks
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
regardless
of
C.
aside
from
D.
but
for
【答案与解析】D。句意:要不是爱迪生的发明
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ),今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。选项“thanks
to多亏”具有很强的迷惑性,如将题干改成“_______
Thomas
Edison,
now
we
can
benefit
from
many
of
the
things
around
us.”则选A项正确;regardless
of不管,不顾;aside
from除了;but
for要不是(短语介词),常用于隐藏式(含蓄式)虚拟条件句。故选D项。
⑦_______
China-US
diff
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )erences
on
human
rights
issues,
Honglei
said
the
two
sides
can
enhance
mutual
understanding
through
dialogue
based
on
equality
and
mutual
respect.
A.
Including
B.
Namely
C.
Besides
D.
Regarding
【答案与解析】D
“inclu
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ding包括、regarding关于”都是由现在分词转化而成的介词。句意:关于中美差异对人权问题,洪磊说双方能够通过建立在平等和相互尊重的基础上的对话增进相互了解。
⑧A
table
and
some
chai
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs
rose
_______
the
floor
as
if
by
magic.
A.
from
B.
from
under
C.
aside
from
D.
under
【答案与解析】B。本题涉及
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )到的考点是双重介词问题。from
under
the
floor
究竟包含什么意义呢?经过分析我们发现,在from和under之间确实省略了一个词somewhere(某个地方)。如果不用这个双重介词,句子表达就不恰切或是不知所云:A
table
and
some
chairs
rose
from
the
floor
as
if
by
magic.(rose
from
the
floor
是从地板的上面还是下面,读者无从判断。);A
table
and
some
chairs
rose
under
the
floor
as
if
by
magic.(rose
under
the
floor
在地板下面升起来,读者将不知所云)。句意:一张桌子和几把椅子像魔术般地从地板下面的某个地方升了出来。
考点2
相同介词加不同中心词所构成短语的辨析
①(2016高考英语天津卷
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))The
dictionary
is
______:
many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
A.
out
of
control
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
out
of
date
C.
out
of
sight
D.
out
of
reach
【答案与解析】B。out
of
cont
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )rol失去控制的;out
of
date过时的;out
of
sight看不见的;out
of
reach够不着的。句意:这本字典过时啦:自从它出版以来,这门语言已经添加了许多单词。
②Human
life
is
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )garded
as
part
of
nature
and,
as
such,
the
only
way
for
us
to
survive
is
to
live
_______
nature.
A.
in
view
of
B
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).
in
need
of
C.
in
touch
with
D.
in
harmony
with
【答案与解析】D。in
vi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ew
of由于,鉴于;in
need
of需要;in
touch
with和……接触;in
harmony
with与……和谐相处。句意:人类的生活被认为是自然的一部分。因此,我们生存下来的唯一的方法就是与自然和谐相处。根据句意,故选D。
③This
meeting
ro
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )om
is
a
non-smoking
area.
I
would
like
to
warn
you
_______
that
if
you
smoked
here
you
would
be
fined.
A.
in
advance
B.
in
detail
C.
in
total
D.
in
general
【答案与解析】A。句意:这个会议室是
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )无烟区。我想提前警告你:如果你在这里吸烟,会被罚款的。in
advance提前;in
detail详细地;in
total总共,总计;in
general大体上,笼统地。故选A项。
④These
comments
ca
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )me
_______
specific
questions
often
asked
by
local
newsmen.
A.
in
memory
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
in
response
to
C.
in
touch
with
D.
in
possession
of
【答案与解析】B。句意:这些评论是对
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )某些经常被当地新闻记者问到的具体问题的回应。in
memory
of意为纪念;in
response
to意为回应;in
touch
with意为联系;in
possession
of意为拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B.
in
response
to回应。
考点3
不同介词加不同中心词所构成短语的辨析
①(2016高考英语浙江卷)Tha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )t
young
man
is
honest,
cooperative,
always
there
when
you
need
his
help
.
_______,
he’s
reliable.
A.
Or
else
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
In
short
C.
By
the
way
D.
For
one
thing
【答案与解析】B。句意:那
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )个年轻人是诚实的,具有合作精神。当你需要他帮助的时候,他总会出现。简言之,他人很可靠。or
else否则,要不然;in
short简言之by
the
way顺便说一下;for
one
thing一方面。
②There’s
no
reas
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )on
to
be
disappointed.
_______,
this
could
be
rather
amusing.
A.
Above
all
B.
As
a
result
C.
In
addition
D.
As
a
matter
of
fact
【答案与解析】D。above
all
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )首先,最重要的是;as
a
result结果;in
addition另外,而且;as
a
matter
of
fact实际上;句意:没有理由失望。实际上,这件事很可能是很好笑的。根据句意可知上下文之间暗含的转折关系,而D项as
a
matter
of
fact“实际上”暗含的就是转折关系。故D项正确。
③Starting
your
ow
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )n
business
could
be
a
way
to
achieving
financial
independence.
_______,
it
could
just
put
you
in
debt.
A.
In
other
words
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
All
in
all
C.
As
a
result
D.
On
the
other
hand
【答案与解析】D。in
othe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )r
words换句话说;all
in
all
总得说来;as
a
result结果是;on
the
other
hand另一方面;句意:自己做生意也许是获得经济独立的一个很好的方法,另一方面,它也可能让你负债。根据句意说明这是一件事情的两个方面,所以D项符合上下文串联。
④Our
club
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
open
to
everyone
_______
age,
sex
or
educational
background.
A.
due
to
B.
except
for
C.
along
with
D.
regardless
of
【答案与解析】D。due
to由于,因为
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 );except
for除……之外(强调整体与局部的关系);along
with和……一起;regardless
of不管……,不顾……(侧重于不考虑,不关注……);句意:不管年龄,性别或教育程度,我们俱乐部向所有人开放。根据句意可知D项符合上下文语境。
⑤_______
the
sch
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ool,
the
village
has
a
clinic,
which
was
also
built
with
government
support.
A.
In
reply
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
B.
In
addition
to
C.
In
charge
of
D.
In
place
of
【答案与解析】B。in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )reply
to作为……的回复;in
addition
to…除……之外(包括在内);in
charge
of负责;in
place
of代替。句意:除了学校,村子里还有诊所,诊所也是在政府的支持下建成的。也就是说学校和诊所都是政府支持建设成功的。故B正确。
⑥An
artist
who
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )was
recently
traveling
on
a
ferry
to
the
southern
island
discovered
_______
a
long
lost
antique
Greek
vase.
A.
at
random
B.
by
chance
C.
in
turn
D.
on
occasion
【答案与解析】B。at
ran
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )dom
胡乱地,随意地;by
chance
偶然,意外地;in
turn
轮流,依次;on
occasion有时,偶尔。句意:一位最近乘摆渡去南方小岛旅行的艺术家偶然发现了一件丢失很久的古董―一只希腊花瓶。
⑦I
am
always
deli
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ghted
when
I
receive
an
email
from
you.
_______
the
party
on
July
1st
I
shall
be
pleased
to
attend
.
A.
On
account
of
B
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).
In
response
to
C.
In
view
of
D.
With
regard
to
【答案与解析】D。on
acco
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )unt
of因为,由于;in
response
of对……做出反应;in
view
of考虑到,鉴于;with
regard
of就……而言,关于。根据句意“收到你的电子邮件我总是很高兴。至于7月1日的聚会,我会非常高兴参加的。”答案选D。
⑧_______
everyone
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ere,
I
wish
you
a
pleasant
journey
back
to
your
country.
A.
By
means
of
B.
On
behalf
of
C.
In
search
of
D.
For
fear
of
【答案与解析】B。by
means
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )通过……方式;on
behalf
of代表……;in
search
of寻找;for
fear
of以免,害怕。根据句意,“我代表这儿的所有人”可知答案为B。句意:我代表在场的所有人,祝愿你们归国途中愉快。
考点4
重在搭配的介词
①Have
you
ever
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
heard
of
the
trees
that
are
homes
_______
animals
both
on
land
and
sea
A.
about
B.
to
C.
with
D.
over
【答案与解析】B。你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家?“home
to...”为固定搭配意为“是什么的家园”。
②The
little
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )pupil
took
his
grandma
_______
the
arm
and
walked
her
across
the
street.
A.
on
B.
by
C.
in
D.
at
【答案与解析】B。句意:这个小学
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生挽着他奶奶的手臂和她一起穿过了街道。take
sb.
by
the
arm挽着某人的手臂,所以选B。
③Try
on
this
red
skirt;
you
will
look
great
_______
it.
A.
on
B.
by
C.
in
D.
for
【答案与解析】C。sth.
be
on
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )sb.
意为“衣服穿在某人身上”;sb.
be
in
sth意为“某人穿着什么衣服”。由此可知答案为C。句意:试试这件红色的衬衫。穿上你看上去就很帅的。
④My
father
warned
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )e
_______
going
to
the
West
Coast
because
it
was
crowed
with
tourists.
A.
by
B.
on
C.
for
D.
against
【答案与解析】D。句中谓语动词w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )arned和介词against搭配,构成warn
sb.
against
doing
sth.
相当于warn
sb.
not
to
do
sth,意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。
句意:我父亲警告我不要去西海岸,因为那里挤满了游客。
⑤I
agree
to
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )is
suggestion
_______
the
condition
that
he
drops
all
charges.
A.
by
B.
in
C.
on
D.
to
【答案与解析】C。介词on
和th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )e
condition
that一起相当一个连词,引导条件状语从句,意思是“条件是,以……为条件”。
句意:我同意他的建议,条件是他放弃所有指控。
⑥Sometimes
pro
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )per
answers
are
not
far
to
seek
_______
food
safety
problem.
A.
in
B.
to
C.
on
D.
after
【答案与解析】B。answers,意为
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )“答案,解决办法”,作此意时后跟介词to或towards,故选B项。句意:有时不容易找到解决食品安全问题的适宜的办法。
⑦Do
you
think
this
shirt
is
too
tight
_______
the
shoulders
A.
at
B.
on
C.
to
D.
across
【答案与解析】D。across介词含有“f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )rom
one
side
to
another”的意思。另外back
across指背宽。此
题,容易误选C,但是应该注意too…to句型中,to后接动词原形。句意:你觉得这条裙子是不是肩的位置太紧了?
考点5
介词短语的分隔
此类题是命题者常
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )用的手法之一,从结构上做文章,使考生不能一下子判断出介词究竟跟哪个名词发生关系而造成误选。因此考生解题时将介词还原到原来的位置上才可顺利解题。
①A
common
memory
they
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )all
have
_______
their
school
days
is
the
school
uniform.
A.
of
B.
on
C.
to
D.
with
【答案与解析】A。该题是词组“
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )have
a
common
memory
of...(对……有共同的记忆)”的变形,将“a
common
memory”变成了先行词。
②100℃
is
the
temperature
_______
which
water
will
boil
A.
for
B.
at
C.
on
D.
of
【答案与解析】B。temperature
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )是which的先行词。根据习惯用法“at
the
temperature”选B项。句意:摄氏100度是水沸腾的温度。
③(2016高考英语浙江卷)Th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )e
study
suggests
that
the
cultures
we
grow
up
_______influence
the
basic
processes
by
which
we
see
world
around
us.
A.
on
B.
in
C.
at
D.
about
【答案与解析】B。句意:这
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )项研究表明我们在其中成长的文化影响着我们看待周围世界的基本过程。the
cultures后面是定语从句,省略了关系代词that,定语从句中cultures作宾语,那么还缺少一个介词,和cultures搭配用介词in,故选B。
④I
always
wanted
to
do
the
job
which
I’d
been
trained
_______.
A.
on
B.
for
C.
by
D.
of
【答案与解析】B。train做动词意
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )为“训练”。
把介词还原到的位置“I’d
been
trained
for
the
job.”答案就一清二楚啦。句意:我经常想做我之前为之受过培训的工作。