2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题07动词的时态和语态

2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题07动词的时态和语态
知识精讲(学生版)
英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或常用的有十一种。
一、时态和语态的构成
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/does,(连系动词is/am/are)
am/is/are
done
一般过去时
did,(连系动词was/were)
was/were
done
一般将来时
shall/will
dois/am/are
going
to
dois/am/are(about)to
do
shall/will
be
doneis/am/are
going
to
be
doneis/am/are(about)to
be
done
现在进行时
is/am/are
doing
am/is/are
being
done
过去进行时
was/were
doing
was/were
being
done
将来进行时
will
be
doing
/
现在完成时
has/have
done
have/has
been
done
过去完成时
had
done
had
been
done
将来完成时
shall/will
have
done
will/shall
have
been
done
现在完成进行时
has/have
been
doing
/
过去将来时
would/should
do
was/were
going
to
dowas/were(about)to
do
would/should
be
done
was/were
going
to
be
donewas/were(about)to
be
done
二、时态的基本用法和重点提醒
(一)一般时态
1.一般现在时
基本用法：表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作、存在的状态以及客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象。
①On
Monday
morning
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
usually
_______
me
an
hour
drive
to
work
although
the
actual
distance
is
only
20
miles.
A.
takes
B.
is
taking
C.
took
D.
will
take
【答案与解析】
②The
palace
caught
fi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )res
three
times
in
the
last
century,
and
little
of
the
original
building
_______
now.
A.
remains
B.
is
remained
C.
is
remaining
D.
has
been
remained
【答案与解析】
③Planning
so
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )far
ahead
_______
no
sense—so
many
things
will
have
changed
by
next
year.
A.
made
B.
is
making
C.
makes
D.
has
made
【答案与解析】
④“Life
is
like
walk
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing
in
the
snow”,
Granny
used
to
say,
“because
every
step
_______”
A.
has
shown
B.
is
showing
C.
shows
D.
showed
【答案与解析】
重点提醒：
▲在时间、条件和让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
①If
we
_______
now
to
protect
the
environment,
we’ll
live
to
regret
it.
A.
hadn’t
acted
B.
haven’t
acted
C.
don’t
act
D.
won’t
act
【答案与解析】
但要注意在由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用will表“意愿”，不表示什么时态。
If
you
will
go,
I
will
go
together
with
you.如果你愿意去，我就跟你一块儿去。
②My
parents
have
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )promised
to
come
to
see
me
before
I
_______
for
Africa.
A.
have
left
B.
leave
C.
left
D.
will
leave
【答案与解析】
▲按时间表的将来要发生的动作。
The
plane
takes
off
at
10:00
a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。
▲以here,
there开头的句子里，go,
come等少数动词的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。
There
comes
the
bus.汽车来了。
Here
she
comes.她来了。
2.一般过去时
基本用法：表示发生在过去的事情、动作或存在的状态；用于表示过去的习惯、过去经常或反复发生的动作。
①—You
speak
very
good
French!
—Thanks.
I
_______
French
in
Sichuan
University
for
four
years.
A.
studied
B.
study
C.
was
studying
D.
had
studied
【答案与解析】
②I
was
out
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
town
at
the
time,
so
I
don’t
know
exactly
how
it
_______.
A.
was
happe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ning
B.
happened
C.
happens
D.
has
happened
【答案与解析】
重点提醒：
▲表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事(常用的动词如：think,
want,
plan等)
—I’ve
got
to
go
now.
—Must
you
I
_______
you
could
stay
for
dinner
with
us.
A.
think
B.
thought
C.
have
thought
D.
am
thinking
【答案与解析】
▲语境中的一般过去时，往往表示“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在“不是这样”。
①Hello,
I
_______
you
were
in
London.
How
long
_______
here
A.
don’t
know;
were
you
B.
hadn’t
known;
are
you
C.
haven’t
known;
are
you
D.
didn’t
know;
have
you
been
【答案与解析】
②—The
food
here
is
nice
enough.
—
My
friend
_______
a
right
place
to
me.
A.
introduces
B.
introduced
C.
had
introduced
D.
was
introducing
【答案与解析】
③Tom
would
have
helped
us
yesterday,
but
he
_______.
A.
was
busy
B.
is
busy
C.
had
been
busy
D.
will
be
busy
【答案与解析】
3.一般将来时
基本用法：表示将来的动作和存在的状态。
①By
the
time
you
have
finished
this
book,
your
meal
_______
cold.
A.
gets
B.
has
got
C.
will
get
D.
is
getting
【答案与解析】
②Dr.
Smith,
togeth
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
with
his
wife
and
daughters,
_______
visit
Beijing
this
summer.
A.
is
going
to
B.
are
going
to
C.
was
going
to
D.
were
going
to
【答案与解析】
重点提醒：
▲一般将来时还用于“祈使句或名词短语+and/or+陈述句”或“祈使句+破折号+陈述句”的句型中。
Follow
the
ad
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vice
of
the
doctor,
and
you’ll
be
well
very
soon.听从大夫的建议，你的身体不久就会好的。
One
step
further
and
you’ll
lost．
再多走一步，
你就会迷失方向了。
Take
the
chance,
or
you
will
regret
it.抓住机会吧，
否则你会遗憾的。
Try
some
of
this
juice—perhaps
you’ll
like
it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢的。
▲一般将来时还可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。
Oil
will
float
on
water.油会浮在水上面。
Crops
will
die
without
water.没有水庄稼会死亡。
▲be
to
do这种结构表示按计划中约定的或按职责、义务、要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
The
engineer
is
to
visit
our
factory
next
week.
那位工程师下周来参观我们工厂。
▲be
about
to
do这一结构用于表示客观上马上就要发生的事，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。
Don’t
go
out.
We’re
about
to
have
dinner.
别出去了，我们很快就吃饭了。
(二)进行时态
1.现在进行时
基本用法：表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作或重复的动作。
①—I’m
not
finished
with
my
dinner
yet.
—But
our
friends
_______
for
us.
A.
will
wait
B.
wait
C.
have
waited
D.
are
waiting
【答案与解析】
②—I
hear
you
_______
in
a
pub.
What’s
it
like
—Well,
it’s
very
hard
work
and
I’m
always
tired,
but
I
don’t
mind.
A.
are
working
B.
will
work
C.
were
working
D.
will
be
working
【答案与解析】
重点提醒：
▲代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。
The
Yangtze
River
is
flowing
into
the
east.长江水滚滚向东流。
▲现在进行时与always,
often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感彩。
Why
are
always
forgetting
his
name
为什么你总是忘记他的名字呢？
▲现在进行时也可以表示将来(
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主要是一些短暂性动词。如：go,
come,
leave,
start,
begin,
run,
leave,
stay,
do,
take等)。
①Food
supplies
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
flood-stricken
area
_______.We
must
act
immediately
before
there’s
left.
A.
have
run
out
B.
are
running
out
C.
have
been
run
out
D.
are
being
run
out
【答案与解析】
②“The
moment
_______
soon,”
he
thought
to
himself,
waiting
nervously.
A.
came
B.
has
tome
C.
was
coming
D.
is
coming
【答案与解析】
2.过去进行时
基本用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)；表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。
①—Have
you
finished
reading
Jane
Eyre
—No,
I
_______
my
homework
all
day
yesterday.
A.
was
doing
B.
would
do
C.
had
done
D.
do
【答案与解析】
②The
manager
was
worri
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
about
the
press
conference
his
assistant
_______
in
his
place
but
luckily,
everything
was
going
on
smoothly.
A.
gave
B.
gives
C.
was
giving
D.
had
given
【答案与解析】
③—Did
you
catch
what
I
said
—Sorry.
I
_______
a
text
message
just
now.
A.
had
answering
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
have
answered
C.
would
answer
D.
was
answering
【答案与解析】
④—
When
did
the
computer
crash
—
This
morning,
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hile
I
_______
the
reading
materials
downloaded
from
some
websites.
A.
have
sorted
B.
was
sorting
C.
am
sorting
D.
had
sorted
【答案与解析】
重点提醒：
▲两个动作在过去同时进行。
I
was
writing
while
he
was
watching
TV.
我在写东西而他在看电视。
▲代替过去将来时(参看上文的现在进行时也可以表示将来)。
The
manager
was
conc
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erned
to
hear
that
two
of
his
trusted
workers
_______.
A.
will
leave
B.
are
leaving
C.
have
left
D.
were
leaving
【答案与解析】
▲误用现在完成时或用一般过去时代替过去进行时。
①—Hey,
look
where
you
are
going!
—Oh,
I’m
terribly
sorry.
_______.
A.
I’m
not
notici
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng.
B.
I
wasn’t
noticing.
C.
I
haven’t
noticed.
D.
I
don’t
notice.
【答案与解析】
②He
_______
a
book
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
about
China
last
year,
but
I
don’t
know
if
he
_______
it.
A.
wrote;
has
finished
B.
was
writing;
has
finished
C.
was
writing;
had
finished
D.
wrote;
will
finish
【答案与解析】
另外请注意：be+being+形容词强调“主语在某个特定的时刻或时候的状况”或是“主语故意而为之”。
I
wasn’t
sure
if
he
was
really
interested
or
if
he
_______
polite.
A.
was
just
being
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
will
just
be
C.
had
just
been
D.
would
just
be
【答案与解析】
3.将来进行时
基本用法：表示将来某一刻时间一段时间或正在进行的动作，一般要有明显的时间状语
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网"
\t
"_blank )为标志。
①—Guess
what
,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we’ve
got
our
visas
for
a
short—term
visit
to
the
UK
this
summer.
—How
mice!
you
_______
a
different
culture
then.
A.
will
be
experiencing
B.
have
experienced
C.
have
been
experiencing
D.
will
have
experienced
【答案与解析】
②—Can
I
call
you
back
at
two
o’clock
this
afternoon
—I’m
sorry,
but
by
then
I
_______
to
Beijing.
How
about
five
A.
fly
B.
will
fly
C.
will
be
flying
D.
am
flying
【答案与解析】
③Daniel’s
fam
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ily
_______
their
holiday
in
Huangshan
this
time
next
week.
A.
are
enjoying
B.
are
to
enjoy
C.
will
enjoy
D.
will
be
enjoying
【答案与解析】
重点提醒：
▲表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网"
\t
"_blank )到将来。
I
think
that
she
will
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be
working
on
this
experiment
until
next
morning.
我想她做这个实验将会一直做到明天早上。
▲表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网"
\t
"_blank )。
If
you
plant
watermelo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
seeds
in
the
spring,
you
_______
fresh
watermelon
in
the
fall.
A.
eat
B.
would
eat
C.
have
eaten
D.
will
be
eating
【答案与解析】
▲跟一般将来时连用的时间状语比较模糊，而跟进来进行时连用的时间状语比较具体。
I’ll
write
a
letter
to
my
father
tomorrow.我明天要给父亲写信。
I’ll
be
writing
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
letter
to
my
father
tomorrow.我明天一直在给父亲写信。(本句有点不符合常识)
I’ll
be
writing
a
let
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter
to
my
father
this
time
tomorrow.明天这个时候，我正在给父亲写信。
(三)完成时态
1.现在完成时
基本用法：
▲表示开始于过去，持续到现在的一个动作
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或状态。常见时间状语有：lately,
recently,
in
the
last/past
few
days/years(在过去的这几天/年里),
for
days/years,
since
then,
up
to
now,
so
far(至今)等。
▲一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )影响，注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有already，just(刚刚)，yet，never，before等。
①It
is
the
most
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )instructive
lecture
that
I
_______
since
I
came
to
this
school.
A
.attended
B.
had
attended
C.
am
attending
D.
have
attended
【答案与解析】
②—I
remember
you
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )were
a
talented
pianist
at
college.
Can
you
play
the
piano
for
me
—Sorry,
I
_______
the
piano
for
years.
A.
don’t
play
B.
wasn’t
playing
C.
haven’t
played
D.
hadn’t
played
【答案与解析】
③—Alvin,
are
you
coming
with
us
—I’d
love
to,
but
something
unexpected
_______.
A.
has
come
up
B.
was
coming
up
C.
had
come
up
D.
would
come
up
【答案与解析】
④—I
didn’t
ask
for
the
name
list.
Why
_______
on
my
desk
—I
put
it
there
just
now
in
case
you
needed
it.
A.
does
it
l
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and
B.
has
it
landed
C.
will
it
land
D.
had
it
landed
【答案与解析】
重点提醒：
▲this/it
is
the
first/second
time＋that从句。that从句谓语要用现在完成时。
This
is
the
first
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
time
we
_______
a
film
in
the
cinema
together
as
a
family.
A.
see
B.
had
seen
C.
saw
D.
have
seen
【答案与解析】
▲在条件、时间、让步状语从句中或上下文语境中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
①一When
shall
we
restart
our
business
一Not
until
we
_______
our
plan.
A.
will
finish
B.
are
finishing
C.
are
to
finish
D.
have
finished
【答案与解析】
②When
you
are
home,
give
a
call
to
let
me
know
you
_______
safely.
A.
are
arriving
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
have
arrived
C.
had
arrived
D.
will
arrive
【答案与解析】
▲表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”用“have/has
been
to”，表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has
gone
to”。
▲短暂动词(即瞬间动词)，如：jo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in,
lose,
buy,
borrow,
leave,
go,
come,
arrive,
die,
marry,finish,
complete,
begin,
start,
break
out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
要翻译“他已参军已经三年了”，不可以译成：He
has
joined
the
army
for
three
years.
而要用以下三种方法来译：①He
joined
the
army
three
years
ago.
②He
has
been
in
the
army
for
three
years.
③It
is/has
been
three
years
since
he
joined
the
army.
2.过去完成时
基本用法：表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
①We
arrived
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
work
in
the
morning
and
found
that
somebody
_______
into
the
office
during
the
night.
A.
broke
B.
had
broken
C.
has
broken
D.
was
breaking
【答案与解析】
②—Peter,
where
did
you
guys
go
for
the
summer
vacation
—We
_______
bus
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
with
our
work
for
months,
so
we
went
to
the
beach
to
relax
ourselves.
A.
were
B.
have
been
C.
had
been
D.
will
be
【答案与解析】
重点提醒：
▲常用hope,
expect,
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hink,
intend,
want,
suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。
—
Dad,
we
_______
the
zoo-trip
you
promised
us
last
week.
—
Sorry
my
g
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irls.
I
_______
to
take
you
there
this
week,
but
I’ve
been
too
busy.
A.
expect;
intend
B.
had
expected;
had
intended
C.
are
expecting;
had
intended
D.
expected;
intend
【答案与解析】
3.将来完成时
基本用法：用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by引导的介词短语，when,
before引导的时间状语连用。
①These
stude
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts
will
graduate
from
college
next
summer,
by
which
time
they
in
college
for
four
years.
A.
have
studied
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
had
studied
C.
will
have
studied
D.
will
be
studying
【答案与解析】
②—I
hear
that
Jason
is
planning
to
buy
a
car.
—I
know.
By
next
month,
he
_______
enough
for
a
used
one.
A.
will
have
save
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
B.
will
be
saving
C.
has
saved
D.
saves
【答案与解析】
重点提醒：
▲在时间、条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时来表示将来某一时刻以前已完成的动作。
Tell
me
what
you
think
about
the
film
when
you
have
seen
it.
你看完这部电影之后告诉我你对它的看法。
▲与by
the
end
of引导的时间状语从句连用时要看“of”后面的名词所表示的时间概念来决定是用将来完成时还是用过去完成时。
We
will
have
learned
2000
English
words
by
the
end
of
this
term.
到这学期结束时为止，我们将学会2000英语单词。
We
had
learned
2000
English
words
by
the
end
of
last
term.
到这学期结束时为止，我们将学会2000英语单词。
(四)混成时态
1.现在完成进行时
基本用法：用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作。
①Tom
_______
in
the
library
every
night
over
the
last
three
months.
A.
works
B.
wo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rked
C.
has
been
working
D.
had
been
working
【答案与解析】
②—
Why
do
you
want
to
work
for
our
company
—This
is
the
job
that
I
_______
for.
A.
looked
B.
am
to
look
C.
had
looked
D.
have
been
looking
【答案与解析】
③We
_______
on
this
project
for
four
hours.
Let’s
have
a
rest.
A.
are
working
B.
have
been
working
C.
worked
D.
had
worked
【答案与解析】
重点提醒：
▲现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较：现在完成时着重表示动作的结果，而现在完成进行时着重表示过去发生的动作持续到现在还将继续下去。
—Why,
Jack,
you
look
so
tired!
—Well,
I
_______
the
house
and
I
must
finish
the
work
tomorrow.
A.
was
painting
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
will
be
painting
C.
have
painted
D.
have
been
painting
【答案与解析】
▲与现在完成进行时有联系的过去完成进行时。
When
Alice
came
to,
she
did
not
know
how
long
she
_______
there.
A.
had
been
lying
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
has
been
lying
C.
was
lying
D.
has
lain
【答案与解析】
2.过去将来时
基本用法：相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态(多用在宾语从句中)。
①Did
you
predi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ct
that
many
students
_______
up
for
the
dance
competition
A.
would
sign
B.
signed
C.
have
signed
D.
had
signed
【答案与解析】
②The
discovery
of
gold
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
in
Australia
led
thousands
to
believe
that
a
fortune
_______.
A.
is
made
B.
would
make
C.
was
to
be
made
D.
had
been
made
【答案与解析】
重点提醒：
▲would
do(表示过去的习惯)总是，总会，常常(不涉及与现在的比较)
He
would
sit
silent
fo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
hours
when
he
was
a
little
boy.小时候，他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。
He
used
to
stay
up
late.他过去常常熬夜。(言下之意，现在不熬夜了)
三、动词的被动语态的基本句型和重点提醒
(一)被动语态的句型
1.主语(受动者)＋be＋过去分词＋(by＋施动者)。
He
was
criticized
by
the
English
teacher.他受到了老师的批评。
2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分(使用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者”)。
She
got
fired
because
of
her
faults.
她因为失误而被解雇了。
3.带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为被动句。
Someone
gave
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
some
money.
有人给了她一些钱。
She
was
given
some
money.或Some
money
was
given
to
him.
Someone
bought
her
a
watch.
有人给她买了一快表。
A
watch
was
bought
for
her.或She
was
bought
a
watch.
4.带有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句。
把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，保留的宾语补足语作被动语态的主语补足语。
We
saw
them
playing
basketball
on
the
playground
just
now.
They
were
seen
playing
basketball
on
the
playground
just
now.
5.情态动词＋be＋过去分词
This
maths
problem
mus
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
be
worked
out
in
half
an
hour.
这道数学题必须在半小时内解出。
6.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分
These
magazin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es
are
not
allowed
to
be
taken
out
of
the
reading-room.
这些杂志不容许拿出阅览室。
7.常用被动语态的固定句型
①It
is
believ
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed/said
/reported/hoped/supposed
that…据信/据说/据报道/人们希望/人们认为……
②It
must
be
pointed
out
that…必须指出……
③It
is
generally
considered
that…一般认为……
④It
is
well
known
that…大家都知道……
⑥It
must
be
admitted
that…必须承认……
(二)被动语态重点提醒
1.主动表示被动的几种情况
①不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词有：cut,
sell,
read,
write,
fill,
cook,
lock,
wash等。
This
knife
cuts
well.这把刀好切。
These
books
sell
well.这些书好卖。
The
pen
writes
smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。
Meat
won’t
keep
long
in
such
hot
weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
The
cloth
washes
well.这种布好洗。
②一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,
smell,
taste,
sound,
feel,
prove,
turn
out等。
The
apples
taste
good.这些苹果尝起来味道不错。
The
flower
smells
wonderful.这花闻起来很不错。
The
news
proved/turned
out
true.这消息后来证明时真的。
Cotton
feels
soft.棉花摸起来很软。
③主语+need/want/require表示需要被……的时候，常用动名词的主动式表示被动或用不定式的被动式。(参看专题09非谓语动词)
The
car
needs
repairing.=The
car
needs
to
be
repaired.这车需要修理。
④be
worth
doing表示某事值得去做。(参看专题09非谓语动词)
The
Great
Wall
is
worth
visiting.长城值得一游。
2.常见没有被动语态的动词(短语)
leave,
enter,
reac
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h,
become,
benefit,
cost,
equal,
contain,
last,
lack,
fit,
fail,
have,
appear,
happen,
occur,
belong
to,
take
plac
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e,
break
out,
come
about,
agree
with,
keep
up
with,
consist
of,
lose
heart等等。
The
Second
World
War
broke
out
in
1939.
第二次世界大战爆发于1939年。
Our
class
consists
of
50
students.我们班由50个学生组成。
3.hear,
notice,
watch,
observe,
make等在主动语态中接不带to的不定式，但变为被动语态时需要加上to。
I
noticed
him
enter
a
bookstore
just
now.我注意到他刚才进了一家书店。
He
was
noticed
to
enter
a
bookstore
just
now.2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题07动词的时态和语态
考点聚焦(教师版)
高考中对动词时态和语态的考查
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )实际就是考查考生对动作发生的时间以及执行者的具体分析的能力。在高考考查动词时态命题中，命题者从三个角度来设题：一是给出具体的时间状语，考生可以根据所给出的时间状语直接作出选择；二是给出时间状语，但所给的时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，这时考生进行甄别才能作出正确选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而是给出一定的语境，这时考生必须仔细分析语境才能作出正确判断。而对被动语态的考查则跟时态结合起来进行。
考点1
考查正确找出时间的能力(题干中时间概念非常明确)
①(2016高考英语北京卷)I
_______
half
of
the
English
novel,
and
I’ll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
A.
read
B.
have
read
C.
am
reading
D.
will
read
【答案与解析】B。后面的句子“I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’ll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend”已经明确了时间概念“周末看完”说明前句表达的是“看完了一半”，“看小说”这一动作发生在过去，但是对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。故选
B。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末把另一半看完。
②(2016高考英语江苏卷)Dash
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an,
who
_______
crosstalk,
the
Chinese
comedic
tradition,
for
decades,
wants
to
mix
it
up
with
the
Western
stand-up
tradition.
A.
will
be
l
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )earning
B.
is
learning
C.
had
been
learning
D.
has
been
learning
【答案与解析】D。本句的时
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )间状语是“for
decades几十年来”，该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用，本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D正确。
③(2016高考英语北京卷)Jack
_______
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
A.
works
B.
has
worked
C.
was
working
D.
would
work
【答案与解析】C。时间状语从句“
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )when
the
power
cut
occurred”已经明确了时间概念为“过去”，故排除AB选项，这是讲的当时的情况，不是过去将来要发生的事，排除D选项，故选C.句意：，杰克正在实验室里工作，电突然断了。
④(2016高考英语北京卷)—Excuse
me,
which
movie
are
you
waiting
for
—The
new
Star
Wars.
We
_______
here
for
more
than
two
hours.
A.
waited
B.
wa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it
C.
would
be
waiting
D.
have
been
waiting
【答案与解析】D。时间状语“for
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ore
than
two
hours”意为“两个多小时”，for+一段时间往往与完成时连用，说话的时候“仍然在等”还要继续下去，故用现在完成进行时。选D。句意：“劳驾,你在等着看哪部电影 ”“新上映的
《星球大战》。我们已经等了两个多小时了。
⑤(2016高考英语浙江卷)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Silk
_______
one
of
the
primary
goods
traded
along
the
Silk
Road
by
about
100
BC.
A.
had
become
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
was
becoming
C.
has
become
D.
is
becoming
【答案与解析】A。“by
about
10
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )0
BC”意为“到公元前100年为止”，时间状语是by+过去时间，谓语用过去完成时。故选A。句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。
⑥(2016高考英语天津卷)Wh
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en
walking
down
the
street,
I
came
across
David,
when
I
_______
for
years.
A.
didn’t
see
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
haven’t
seen
C.
hadn’t
seen
D.
wouldn’t
see
【答案与解析】C。上文已经明确了
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时间概念为“过去”，后面的时间状语“for
years”以及前面的“came
across”已经提示我们“not
see”这个动作发生在过去，持续到过去另一时间“came
across”已经结束，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。
⑦(2016高考英语江苏卷)More
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )efforts,
as
reported,
_______
in
the
years
ahead
to
accelerate
the
supply-side
structural
reform.
A.
are
made
B.
will
be
made
C.
are
being
made
D.
have
been
made
【答案与解析】B。时间状语“in
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
years
ahead”意为“在未来几年”说明要用一般将来是。故B正确。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速供给则结构改革的速度。
⑧In
the
last
fe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w
years,
China
_______
great
achievements
in
environmental
protection.
A.
has
made
B.
had
made
C.
was
making
D.
is
making
【答案与解析】A。由时间状语“
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in
the
last
few
years”意为“在过去的这些年里”可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了很大的成就。
⑨Jane
can’t
attend
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
meeting
at
3
o’clock
this
afternoon
because
she
_______
a
class
at
that
time.
A.
will
teach
B.
would
teach
C.
has
taught
D.
will
be
teaching
【答案与解析】D。根据句中的时间状语at
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that
time，指代at
3
o’clock
this
afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来进行时。故选D。句意：简不能参加今天下午三点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在给学生上课。
考点2
考查认真甄别时间的能力(题干中时间概念比较复杂)
①—Where
is
Peter
I
can’t
find
him
anywhere.
—He
went
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
library
after
breakfast
and
_______
his
essay
there
ever
since.
A.
wrote
B.
had
written
C.
has
been
writing
D.
is
writing
【答案与解析】C。本题的时间概念较为复杂
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。上文问的是现在的情况，下文说的“吃过早饭”以后的事。但是“ever
since从那以后”又提示与现在有关。彼得是吃过早餐之后去了图书馆，从那个时候开始他就一直在写论文，这个动作一直延续到了现在(可能还将延续下去)，所以用现在完成进行时。故选C。句意：“彼得在那里，我哪儿都找不到他。”“他在早餐过后就去了图书馆，从那以后他就一直在那里写论文。”
②The
real
reaso
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
why
prices
_______,
and
still
are,
too
high
is
complex,
and
no
short
discussion
can
satisfactorily
explain
this
problem.
A.
were
B.
will
be
C.
have
been
D.
had
been
【答案与解析】A。本题时
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )间概念既涉及到过去又涉及到现在。根据题干中“and
still
are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，任何简短的讨论都无法将这一问题解释得令人满意。
③—Haven’t
seen
you
for
ages!
Where
have
you
been
—I
went
to
Ningxia
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
and
_______
there
for
one
year,
teaching
as
a
volunteer.
A.
stayed
B.
stay
C.
had
stayed
D.
am
staying
【答案与解析】A。本题与上面的题①极为相似，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )但是有质的区别。本句只是叙述我过去在宁夏待了一年，没有强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。而且也没有持续到现在，因为我已经回来了。所以不使用完成时，使用一般过去时陈述事实即可。故A正确。句意：“很久没有看见你了！你到哪里去了？”“我去了宁夏，并且在那里待了一年时间，作为志愿者在那里教书。”
④—
I
don’t
underst
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and
why
you
didn’t
go
to
the
lecture
yesterday
afternoon.
—I’m
sorry,
but
I
_______
my
homework.
A.
had
done
B.
was
doing
C.
would
do
D.
am
doing
【答案与解析】B。本题涉及到现在和过去两
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个时间概念。用分析法解题：根据上文“我就是不理解你昨天下午为什么没有去听那个讲座。”回话者给出的理由应该是“真抱歉，那时我正在做家庭作业”。故用过去进行时。用排除法解题：根据上文提供的语境，我们可以判断“做家庭作业”是过去的事，不是“过去的过去”的事，更不是“过去将来”的事。故排除ACD三个选项。
⑤—What
about
your
self
drive
trip
yesterday
—Tiring!
The
road
is
being
widened,
and
we
_______
a
rough
ride.
A.
had
B.
have
C.
would
have
D.
have
had
【答案与解析】A。本题涉及到现在和过去两个
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时间概念。下文要填空的句子是对昨天的“自驾游”做出的评价。所以用一般过去时。不要受“The
road
is
being
widened”句子的时态影响(“路的扩宽”昨天在进行，今天还在进行中)。句意：“昨天你们的自驾游咋样？”“累人那！道路正在扩宽。我们的行程艰难得很。”
考点3
考查分析隐含时间的能力(题干中时间概念没有明说)
①—I’m
sorry!
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
I
would
have
taken
him
to
hospital
if
I
had
known
he
was
seriously
ill.
—But
_______.
A.
you
didn’
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
B.
you
hadn’t
C.
he
wasn’t
D.
you
aren’t
【答案与解析】A。从上句的虚拟语气可知说话
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人是对过去已经发生事情的后悔遗憾，所以回答应该过去的事实。句意：“真对不起！如果我早知道他病得严重的话我就带他去医院了。”“可是你没有。”故A选项正确。
②—How
much
do
y
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou
know
about
the
Youth
Olympic
Games
to
be
held
in
Nanjing.
—Well
,
the
media
_______
it
in
a
variety
of
forms
A.
cover
B.
will
cover
C.
have
covered
D.
covered
【答案与解析】C。根据下文的回答我们知
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )道对方已经知道这回事了，所以用现在完成时。句意：“有关青奥会即将在南京举行的事你了解了多少啊？”“嗯，媒体已经以各种各样的方式报道了这件事。”
③Hurry
up!
Mark
and
Carl
_______
us.
A.
expect
B.
are
expecting
C.
have
expected
D.
will
expect
【答案与解析】B。本题有
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )较强的语境：Hurry
up体现出别人正在等你。根据这个语境说明说话人要对方现在抓紧时间快点儿，所以后句应该说明的是现在正在发生的情况才符合逻辑，应该用现在进行时。句意：快点！马克和卡尔正在等着(期待)我们(的到达)呢。
④The
water
su
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pply
has
been
cut
off
temporarily
because
the
workers
_______
one
of
the
main
pipes.
A.
had
repaired
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
have
repaired
C.
repaired
D.
are
repairing
【答案与解析】D。上文用的是现在
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )完成时，下文解释的是原因，当然也应该使用现在范畴的时态，故排除AC选项。根据句意“暂时断水了，因为工人们正在修理一个主管道”应该用现在进行时态。B项是现在完成时，表示“已经修了”，显然不符合语境。
考点4
考查时态替代的常识
①That
is
why
I
help
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )brighten
people’s
days.
If
you
_______,
who’s
to
say
that
another
person
will
A.
did
not
B.
do
not
C.
were
not
D.
have
not
【答案与解析】B。在if引导的条件状
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，
主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。此句中的who’s
to
say
that
another
person
will 可知主句用的是将来时，故if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时。句意：这就是为什么我要使人们的日子变得鮮活起来的原因。如果你不这样做，谁可以说还会有哪个这样做呢？
②We
won’t
start
the
work
until
all
the
preparations
_______.
A.
are
being
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ade
B.
will
be
made
C.
have
been
made
D.
had
been
made
【答案与解析】C。通常说来，主句中
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )使用将来时时，在时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时，也可以使用现在完成时代替将来时，表示到将来某个时间已经完成的事情。句意：直到做好所有的准备以后，我们才开始工作。故C正确。
③You’d
better
write
down
her
phone
number
before
you
_______
it
.
A.
forget
B.
are
forgetting
C.
forgot
D.
will
forget
【答案与解析】A。在时间状语从句和
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )条件状语从句中，常常使用一般现在时代替将来时。本句中的连词before引导的就是一个时间状语从句，所以使用一般现在时代替将来时。句意：在你忘记之前最好把他的电话号码写下来。故A正确。
考点5
考查综合考量语态、时态的能力
对于各种时态的被动语态形式的考查，解题时都可以分两步进行：一是根据该动词与主语之间的关系判断语态；二是根据上下文或所给时间判断时态。
①(2016高考英语北京卷)The
st
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udents
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts
_______
success
in
the
end.
A.
rewarded
B.
were
rewarded
C.
will
reward
D.
will
be
rewarded
【答案与解析】D。根据上文的“have
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een
working”现在完成进行时态，可以推断下文所讲的是将来，故排除AB选项。“their
efforts”是动作“reward”的承受者，故应该用被动语态，选D项。句意：学生们一直在努力学习他们的功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报的。
②Despite
the
pre
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vious
rounds
of
talks,
no
agreement
_______
so
far
by
the
two
sides.
A.
has
been
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ached
B.
was
reached
C.
will
reach
D.
will
have
reached
【答案与解析】A。主语agr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eement与reach为被动关系，要用被动语态。根据句中的时间状语so
far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。选A。句意：尽管之前经过多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。
③To
my
delight,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I
_______
from
hundreds
of
applicants
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony.
A.
was
chosen
B.
was
being
chosen
C.
would
choose
D.
had
chosen
【答案与解析】A。主语I与choose为被动
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )关系，要用被动语态。又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去时，故选A。句意：让我高兴的是，从成百上千的参加者中选中了我去参加开幕式。
④I
had
a
strong
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
desire
to
reach
in
and
play
with
the
toy,
but
_______
thankfully
by
the
shop
window.
A.
am
held
back
B.
held
back
C.
hold
back
D.
was
held
back
【答案与解析】D。后面有
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“by
the
shop
window”被动语态的明显的标志。根据上文的时态，应该用一般过去时。句意：我非常想进去玩玩那些玩具，但幸亏有商店的玻璃窗隔着。2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题07动词的时态和语态
知识精讲(教师版)
英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或常用的有十一种。
一、时态和语态的构成
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/does,(连系动词is/am/are)
am/is/are
done
一般过去时
did,(连系动词was/were)
was/were
done
一般将来时
shall/will
dois/am/are
going
to
dois/am/are(about)to
do
shall/will
be
doneis/am/are
going
to
be
doneis/am/are(about)to
be
done
现在进行时
is/am/are
doing
am/is/are
being
done
过去进行时
was/were
doing
was/were
being
done
将来进行时
will
be
doing
/
现在完成时
has/have
done
have/has
been
done
过去完成时
had
done
had
been
done
将来完成时
shall/will
have
done
will/shall
have
been
done
现在完成进行时
has/have
been
doing
/
过去将来时
would/should
do
was/were
going
to
dowas/were(about)to
do
would/should
be
done
was/were
going
to
be
donewas/were(about)to
be
done
二、时态的基本用法和重点提醒
(一)一般时态
1.一般现在时
基本用法：表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作、存在的状态以及客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象。
①On
Monday
morni
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
it
usually
_______
me
an
hour
drive
to
work
although
the
actual
distance
is
only
20
miles.
A.
takes
B.
is
taking
C.
took
D.
will
take
【答案与解析】A。由题干中on
Sunday
mornings
和
usually可知每个星期天早晨都是这样，所以指
的是经常发生的动作，用一般现在时。句意：尽管实际距离只有20英里，但是每个
星期一早上我开车去上班却要花费一个小时的时间。
②The
palace
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )caught
fires
three
times
in
the
last
century,
and
little
of
the
original
building
_______
now.
A.
remains
B.
is
remained
C.
is
remaining
D.
has
been
remained
【答案与解析】A。remain在这儿意思是“剩下，余留”，为不及物动词，没有被动语态。整句话是
对现在事实的陈述，所以用一般现在时。选A项。句意：上个世纪，宫殿三次着火，
所以原来建筑物的东西现在所剩无几了。
③Planning
so
far
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
ahead
_______
no
sense—so
many
things
will
have
changed
by
next
year.
A.
made
B.
is
making
C.
makes
D.
has
made
【答案与解析】C。前句表示现在的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情况make
no
sense，后句表示到将来会产生的后果will
have
changed。一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态。is
making和has
made表示具体的动作过程，故不选。因此选C。句意：计划这么超前毫无意义──到明年许多事情会发生变化的。
④“Life
is
li
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke
walking
in
the
snow”,
Granny
used
to
say,
“because
every
step
_______”
A.
has
shown
B.
is
showing
C.
shows
D.
showed
【答案与解析】C。show意为
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“显示，显现”，此处祖母说的是一个客观事实，不要受“Granny
used
to
say”的影响，应该用一般现在时。句意：祖母过去常说“人生就像在雪中行走一样，因为每一步都会留下痕迹”。注意：即使主句用的是一般过去时，从句的(叙述客观真理的)谓语动词还是要用一般现在时The
geography
teacher
told
us
the
earth
moves
around
the
sun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
重点提醒：
▲在时间、条件和让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
①If
we
_______
now
to
protect
the
environment,
we’ll
live
to
regret
it.
A.
hadn’t
acted
B.
haven’t
acted
C.
don’t
act
D.
won’t
act
【答案与解析】C。此处if引导一个
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )真实条件句。在真实条件句中，谓语动词涉及到将来动作时，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，所以用一般现在时，故C正确。句意：如果我们现在不着手保护环境，我们就会后悔一辈子的。
但要注意在由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用will表“意愿”，不表示什么时态。
If
you
will
go,
I
will
go
together
with
you.如果你愿意去，我就跟你一块儿去。
②My
parents
have
pro
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mised
to
come
to
see
me
before
I
_______
for
Africa.
A.
have
left
B.
leave
C.
left
D.
will
leave
【答案与解析】B。由前句的现在完
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成时可以看出leave还没有发生，在时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。选B。句意：我的父母亲已经答应在我前往非洲之前来看我。
▲按时间表的将来要发生的动作。
The
plane
takes
off
at
10:00
a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。
▲以here,
there开头的句子里，go,
come等少数动词的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。
There
comes
the
bus.汽车来了。
Here
she
comes.她来了。
2.一般过去时
基本用法：表示发生在过去的事情、动作或存在的状态；用于表示过去的习惯、过去经常或反复发生的动作。
①—You
speak
very
good
French!
—Thanks.
I
_______
French
in
Sichuan
University
for
four
years.
A.
studied
B.
study
C.
was
studying
D.
had
studied
【答案与解析】A。句意：“你的法语说得非
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常好。”“谢谢，我曾在四川大学学过四年的法语。”“学习法语”是指过去发生过的事情，所以谓语动词用一般过去时。该题由于有表示一段时间的状语“for
four
years”会误导考生误答案D。
②I
was
out
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )town
at
the
time,
so
I
don’t
know
exactly
how
it
_______.
A.
was
happe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ning
B.
happened
C.
happens
D.
has
happened
【答案与解析】B。句意：我那个时候不在镇
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上，所以确实不知道事情是如何发生的。其实后一句隐藏了时间状语是at
the
time。“事情的发生”是在过去，故用一般过去时。
重点提醒：
▲表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事(常用的动词如：think,
want,
plan等)
—I’ve
got
to
go
now.
—Must
you
I
_______
you
could
stay
for
dinner
with
us.
A.
think
B.
thought
C.
have
thought
D.
am
thinking
【答案与解析】B。句意：“现在我得走了
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。”“你非得走不可吗？
我以为(实际就是指：原来以为)你会跟我们一起吃饭的。”“以为”是刚才的事，不是现在的“以为”，所以用一般过去时。再比如：I
thought
the
film
would
be
interesting,
but
it
isn’t.我原以为这部电影是很有趣的，但是事实并非如此。Oh,
how
nice
of
you!
I
never
thought
you
were
going
to
bring
me
a
gift.噢，你真是太好了！我从没想过你会给我礼物。
▲语境中的一般过去时，往往表示“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在“不是这样”。
①Hello,
I
_______
you
were
in
London.
How
long
_______
here
A.
don’t
know;
were
you
B.
hadn’t
known;
are
you
C.
haven’t
known;
are
you
D.
didn’t
know;
have
you
been
【答案与解析】D。“不知道你在伦敦”应该是过去的事情，现在已经知道了“你在伦敦”。人现在还在伦敦，所以“你来伦敦多久了”应该用现在完成时。
②—The
food
here
is
nice
enough.
—
My
friend
_______
a
right
place
to
me.
A.
introduces
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
introduced
C.
had
introduced
D.
was
introducing
【答案与解析】B。句意：“这里的吃的东西很不错。”“我朋友给我介绍的地方对了。”“介绍”是发生在过去的行为。
③Tom
would
have
helped
us
yesterday,
but
he
_______.
A.
was
busy
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
is
busy
C.
had
been
busy
D.
will
be
busy
【答案与解析】A。上文用的是虚拟语
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )气，与过去事实相反。下文讲的是过去的事实“他昨天忙”，用一般过去时。句意：汤姆昨天本来是可以来帮我们的，可是他很忙。
3.一般将来时
基本用法：表示将来的动作和存在的状态。
①By
the
time
you
have
finished
this
book,
your
meal
_______
cold.
A.
gets
B.
has
got
C.
will
get
D.
is
getting
【答案与解析】C。句意：到你看完这本书
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的时候，你的饭也就凉了。时间状语从句为现在完成时代替将来完成时，说明主句的动作还没有发生，故主句用一般将来时。
②Dr.
Smith,
together
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with
his
wife
and
daughters,
_______
visit
Beijing
this
summer.
A.
is
going
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
B.
are
going
to
C.
was
going
to
D.
were
going
to
【答案与解析】A。中心词是Dr.
Smith
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，表单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this
summer，表计划性的将来，故时态用一般将来时，选A项。句意：史密斯先生和他的太太以及女儿今年夏天要访问北京。
重点提醒：
▲一般将来时还用于“祈使句或名词短语+and/or+陈述句”或“祈使句+破折号+陈述句”的句型中。
Follow
the
ad
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vice
of
the
doctor,
and
you’ll
be
well
very
soon.听从大夫的建议，你的身体不久就会好的。
One
step
further
and
you’ll
lost．
再多走一步，
你就会迷失方向了。
Take
the
chance,
or
you
will
regret
it.抓住机会吧，
否则你会遗憾的。
Try
some
of
this
juice—perhaps
you’ll
like
it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢的。
▲一般将来时还可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。
Oil
will
float
on
water.油会浮在水上面。
Crops
will
die
without
water.没有水庄稼会死亡。
▲be
to
do这种结构表示按计划中约定的或按职责、义务、要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
The
engineer
is
to
visit
our
factory
next
week.
那位工程师下周来参观我们工厂。
▲be
about
to
do这一结构用于表示客观上马上就要发生的事，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。
Don’t
go
out.
We’re
about
to
have
dinner.
别出去了，我们很快就吃饭了。
(二)进行时态
1.现在进行时
基本用法：表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作或重复的动作。
①—I’m
not
finished
with
my
dinner
yet.
—But
our
friends
_______
for
us.
A.
will
wait
B.
wait
C.
have
waited
D.
are
waiting
【答案与解析】D。丛上下文语境看
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，动作发生在对话的过程中，所以用进行时are
waiting更符合句意。句意：“我还没吃完饭呢。”“但是我们的朋友们都在等我们了。”
②—I
hear
you
_______
in
a
pub.
What’s
it
like
—Well,
it’s
very
hard
work
and
I’m
always
tired,
but
I
don’t
mind.
A.
are
workin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
B.
will
work
C.
were
working
D.
will
be
working
【答案与解析】A。对话所用的现在时表
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )明现在还在酒吧里上班，用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作。故选A。句意：“我听说你在酒吧里上班，这份工作怎么样？”“这是份辛苦活，老感到累，不过我不介意。”
重点提醒：
▲代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。
The
Yangtze
River
is
flowing
into
the
east.长江水滚滚向东流。
▲现在进行时与always,
often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感彩。
Why
are
always
forgetting
his
name
为什么你总是忘记他的名字呢？
▲现在进行时也可以表示将来(
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主要是一些短暂性动词。如：go,
come,
leave,
start,
begin,
run,
leave,
stay,
do,
take等)。
①Food
supplies
in
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
flood-stricken
area
_______.We
must
act
immediately
before
there’s
left.
A.
have
run
ou
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
B.
are
running
out
C.
have
been
run
out
D.
are
being
run
out
【答案与解析】B。句意：遭受洪
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )水袭击的地区，食物供给即将用完了。我们必须赶在食物所剩无几之前立刻采取行动。从句子后半句我们可以知道受灾灾区食物还有少许，还没有到山穷水尽的地步，只是所剩已经不多。所以我们选用现在进行时表示将来“即将”。另外，run
out这个词组没有被动语态形式。故不选D。
②“The
moment
_______
soon,”
he
thought
to
himself,
waiting
nervously.
A.
came
B.
has
tome
C.
was
coming
D.
is
coming
【答案与解析】D。根据soon
“
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )很快”很容易断定是将来时，这里是直接引语，所以要用D(表示“来、去、动身、启程”这类动词经常用进行时表将来)。句意：“这一刻就要来到了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。
2.过去进行时
基本用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)；表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。
①—Have
you
finished
reading
Jane
Eyre
—No,
I
_______
my
homework
all
day
yesterday.
A.
was
doing
B.
would
do
C.
had
done
D.
do
【答案与解析】A。题干中有all
day
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yesterday时间提示为过去，应该选择与过去相关的时态，排除D。B为过去将来时不符合题意，C过去完成时是过去的过去，使用过去完成时题目中需要有一般过去时，题干中没有一般过去时因此也排除。句意：“你读完《简爱》了吗？”“没有，我昨天一整天都在做作业的。”
②The
manager
was
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )worried
about
the
press
conference
his
assistant
_______
in
his
place
but
luckily,
everything
was
going
on
smoothly.
A.
gave
B.
gives
C.
was
giving
D.
had
given
【答案与解析】C。“give”发生在“
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was
worried
about和everything
was
going
on
smoothly”过程中。故选C。句意：经理担心他的助手正在代他所举办的新闻发布会。幸运的是，一切进展顺利。
③—Did
you
catch
what
I
said
—Sorry.
I
_______
a
text
message
just
now.
A.
had
answering
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
have
answered
C.
would
answer
D.
was
answering
【答案与解析】D。句意：“你听懂了我
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所说的话了吗？”“对不起。我刚刚在回短信。”根据句意及时间状语just
now可知，回短信的动作正好是发生在问话人说话的那一时间点，即表示过去某一时间点正在发生的动作，故选过去进行时态D。
④—
When
did
the
computer
crash
—
This
morn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing,
while
I
_______
the
reading
materials
downloaded
from
some
websites.
A.
have
sorted
B.
was
sorting
C.
am
sorting
D.
had
sorted
【答案与解析】B。首先根据问句“这台电脑什么
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时候电脑死机了？”可以知道是发生在过去的事情，故排除除A、C两项。然后根据过去完成时的使用的前提是“过去的过去”，显然本句指的是“今天早晨我正把从网上下载的阅读材料分类时电脑死机了。”指的是过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时。
重点提醒：
▲两个动作在过去同时进行。
I
was
writing
while
he
was
watching
TV.
我在写东西而他在看电视。
▲代替过去将来时(参看上文的现在进行时也可以表示将来)。
The
manager
was
con
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cerned
to
hear
that
two
of
his
trusted
workers
_______.
A.
will
leave
B.
are
leaving
C.
have
left
D.
were
leaving
【答案与解析】D。句意为：听说自己最信任的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )两个职员要离去，经理很关注。表达的是“要离去”之意，因此用leave进行时表示将要发生的动作。此句为
that引导的宾语从句，强调主从句时态的一致性，而主句谓语动词为一般过去时，故用过去进行时表过去将来时。
▲误用现在完成时或用一般过去时代替过去进行时。
①—Hey,
look
where
you
are
going!
—Oh,
I’m
terribly
sorry.
_______.
A.
I’m
not
noticing.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
I
wasn’t
noticing.
C.
I
haven’t
noticed.
D.
I
don’t
notice.
【答案与解析】B。非常容易误选C。因为
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是刚才没有注意,而经过他提醒之后,现在已经注意到了.所以要用过去进行时。句意：“嘿，看看你这是要往哪儿走啊！”“啊，实在对不起呀。我刚才没有注意到。”
②He
_______
a
book
about
China
last
year,
but
I
don’t
know
if
he
_______
it.
A.
wrote;
has
finished
B.
was
writing;
has
finished
C.
was
writing;
had
finished
D.
wrote;
will
finish
【答案与解析】B。非常容易误选A。从“
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I
don’t
know
if
he
has
finished
it”推断，他去年一直在写，应该用过去进行时。句意：去年他一直在写一本有关中国的书，但是我不知道他有没有写完。
另外请注意：be+being+形容词强调“主语在某个特定的时刻或时候的状况”或是“主语故意而为之”。
I
wasn’t
sure
if
he
was
really
interested
or
if
he
_______
polite.
A.
was
just
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing
B.
will
just
be
C.
had
just
been
D.
would
just
be
【答案与解析】A。句前w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asn’t
sure表明说话的起点是过去时，was
really
interested和was
just
being
polite都是相一致的过去时。故选A。句意：我不能肯定他是真正感兴趣呢还是仅仅为了表示礼貌。再比如：Tom
is
being
foolish.汤姆此刻正在说傻话或做傻事(指主语此刻正在表现出这种特征)。Tom
is
foolish.汤姆很愚蠢(指主语一向如此)。He
is
being
difficult.他故意犯错别扭。
3.将来进行时
基本用法：表示将来某一刻时间一段时间或正在进行的动作，一般要有明显的时间状语
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网"
\t
"_blank )为标志。
①—Guess
what
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
,we’ve
got
our
visas
for
a
short—term
visit
to
the
UK
this
summer.
—How
mice!
you
_______
a
different
culture
then.
A.
will
be
experiencing
B.
have
experienced
C.
have
been
experiencing
D.
will
have
experienced
【答案与解析】A。根据句意“猜猜看，我们已经得到了今年夏天去香港的短期签证。”“太棒了，你到时候将会感受到不同的文化。”要用将来进行时。
②—Can
I
call
you
back
at
two
o’clock
this
afternoon
—I’m
sorry,
but
by
then
I
_______
to
Beijing.
How
about
five
A.
fly
B.
will
fly
C.
will
be
flying
D.
am
flying
【答案与解析】C。考查动词的时态。two
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’clock
this
afternoon这是将来的一个具体时间，故用将来进行时，表示那个时间我会在做某事，选C。句意：“今天下午两点我可以给你回电话吗？”“对不起，恐怕不行，那个时间我正在乘飞机去北京的途中。五点钟怎么样？”
③Daniel’s
family
__
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____
their
holiday
in
Huangshan
this
time
next
week.
A.
are
enjoying
B.
are
to
enjoy
C.
will
enjoy
D.
will
be
enjoying
【答案与解析】D。“this
time
next
week”是将来进行时的标志。句意：丹尼尔一家人下周这个时候就在黄山度假了。
重点提醒：
▲表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网"
\t
"_blank )到将来。
I
think
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )she
will
be
working
on
this
experiment
until
next
morning.
我想她做这个实验将会一直做到明天早上。
▲表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网"
\t
"_blank )。
If
you
plant
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )watermelon
seeds
in
the
spring,
you
_______
fresh
watermelon
in
the
fall.
A.
eat
B.
would
eat
C.
have
eaten
D.
will
be
eating
【答案与解析】D。根据句意：如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。可以判断这是真实的条件从句，会发生的事情，所以选择will
be
eating表将来。本句也可以用一般将来时。这儿用将来进行时是对将来进行的预测
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网"
\t
"_blank )。
▲跟一般将来时连用的时间状语比较模糊，而跟进来进行时连用的时间状语比较具体。
I’ll
write
a
letter
to
my
father
tomorrow.我明天要给父亲写信。
I’ll
be
writing
a
let
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter
to
my
father
tomorrow.我明天一直在给父亲写信。(本句有点不符合常识)
I’ll
be
writing
a
let
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter
to
my
father
this
time
tomorrow.明天这个时候，我正在给父亲写信。
(三)完成时态
1.现在完成时
基本用法：
▲表示开始于过去，持续到现在的一个动作或状
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )态。常见时间状语有：lately,
recently,
in
the
last/past
few
days/years(在过去的这几天/年里),
for
days/years,
since
then,
up
to
now,
so
far(至今)等。
▲一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )响，注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有already，just(刚刚)，yet，never，before等。
①It
is
the
most
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )structive
lecture
that
I
_______
since
I
came
to
this
school.
A
.attended
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
had
attended
C.
am
attending
D.
have
attended
【答案与解析】D。since自从……以
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )来，引导过去时的从句时，主句用现在完成时。选D。句意：自从我到这个学校以来，这是我所听到的最有教育意义的演讲。
②—I
remember
you
were
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
a
talented
pianist
at
college.
Can
you
play
the
piano
for
me
—Sorry,
I
_______
the
piano
for
years.
A.
don’t
play
B.
wasn’t
playing
C.
haven’t
played
D.
hadn’t
played
【答案与解析】C。根据remember
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
can可知语境为现在，从时间状语“for
years”我们可以得出为从过去到现在的时间，所以用现在完成时态。句意：“我记得你在上大学时就是个很有天赋的钢琴手，为我弹一首，怎么样？”“很抱歉，我好多年都没有弹钢琴了。”
③—Alvin,
are
you
coming
with
us
—I’d
love
to,
but
something
unexpected
_______.
A.
has
come
up
B.
was
coming
up
C.
had
come
up
D.
would
come
up
【答案与解析】A。根据上下文意思，一些意
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )料之外的事情已经发生了，对现在造成了影响，根据含义，应该选用
“现在完成时”。句意：“艾琳，你要和我们一起去吗？”“我想去，但是发生了点意外的事情。”
④—I
didn’t
ask
for
the
name
list.
Why
_______
on
my
desk
—I
put
it
there
just
now
in
case
you
needed
it.
A.
does
it
la
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd
B.
has
it
landed
C.
will
it
land
D.
had
it
landed
【答案与解析】B。问句中谈论的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )事情即“放”的动作发生在过去，但是强调的是对话时所存在的结果，需要使用现在完成时，故选择B项。句意：“我没有要名单，怎么名单在我桌上？”“我刚才放在那里的，以备你用得着。”
重点提醒：
▲this/it
is
the
first/second
time＋that从句。that从句谓语要用现在完成时。
This
is
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )first
time
we
_______
a
film
in
the
cinema
together
as
a
family.
A.
see
B.
had
seen
C.
saw
D.
have
seen
【答案与解析】D。the+序数词+time引导的时间状语从句中动词时态用完成时，有参照动词is可知
此处用现在完成时，选D项。句意：这是我们第一次作为一个家庭一起在电影院看电影。
▲在条件、时间、让步状语从句中或上下文语境中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
①一When
shall
we
restart
our
business
一Not
until
we
_______
our
plan.
A.
will
finish
B.
are
finishing
C.
are
to
finish
D.
have
finished
【答案与解析】D。在状语从句中，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )经常用一般现在时表将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时。此处为until引导的时间状语从句，故用现在完成时，选D。句意：“我们什么时候重开我们的企业？”“等我们完成了我们的计划再开始。”
②When
you
are
home,
give
a
call
to
let
me
know
you
_______
safely.
A.
are
arriving
B.
have
arrived
C.
had
arrived
D.
will
arrive
【答案与解析】B。句意：当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了。用现在完成时代替将来完成时。
▲表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”用“have/has
been
to”，表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has
gone
to”。
▲短暂动词(即瞬间动词)，如：jo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in,
lose,
buy,
borrow,
leave,
go,
come,
arrive,
die,
marry,finish,
complete,
begin,
start,
break
out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
要翻译“他已参军已经三年了”，不可以译成：He
has
joined
the
army
for
three
years.
而要用以下三种方法来译：①He
joined
the
army
three
years
ago.
②He
has
been
in
the
army
for
three
years.
③It
is/has
been
three
years
since
he
joined
the
army.
2.过去完成时
基本用法：表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
①We
arrived
at
work
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
in
the
morning
and
found
that
somebody
_______
into
the
office
during
the
night.
A.
broke
B.
had
broken
C.
has
broken
D.
was
breaking
【答案与解析】B。两个时间点，“有人
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )闯进了办公室”发生在“我们到达”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时，选B。句意：我们在早晨到达工作地点时，发现有人在前一天晚上闯进了我们的办公室。
②—Peter,
where
did
you
guys
go
for
the
summer
vacation
—We
_______
bus
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
with
our
work
for
months,
so
we
went
to
the
beach
to
relax
ourselves.
A.
were
B.
have
been
C.
had
been
D.
will
be
【答案与解析】C。我们去海边发生在过去，而
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们忙于工作在此之前。因此用过去完成时。句意：“彼特，你们一帮人暑假在哪儿度过的？”“我们忙工作忙了好几个月，所以我们就到海滩上放松了一下。”
重点提醒：
▲常用hope,
expect,
thin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k,
intend,
want,
suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。
—
Dad,
we
_______
the
zoo-trip
you
promised
us
last
week.
—
Sorry
my
girls.
I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______
to
take
you
there
this
week,
but
I’ve
been
too
busy.
A.
expect;
intend
B.
had
expected;
had
intended
C.
are
expecting;
had
intended
D.
expected;
intend
【答案与解析】C。句意：“爸
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )爸，我们本来期望你带我们你上周承诺去的动物园。”“抱歉，我的孩子们，我上周本来打算带你们去的，但是我实在太忙了。”用过去完成时表示未能实现的打算，故选C。
3.将来完成时
基本用法：用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by引导的介词短语，when,
before引导的时间状语连用。
①These
stude
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts
will
graduate
from
college
next
summer,
by
which
time
they
in
college
for
four
years.
A.
have
stud
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ied
B.
had
studied
C.
will
have
studied
D.
will
be
studying
【答案与解析】C。句意：这些学生明年暑假将从大学毕业，到那时为止他们将在大学学习了4年。时间状语是by+将来时间，谓语是将来完成时，选C。
②—I
hear
that
Jason
is
planning
to
buy
a
car.
—I
know.
By
next
month,
he
_______
enough
for
a
used
one.
A.
will
have
saved
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
will
be
saving
C.
has
saved
D.
saves
【答案与解析】A。根据时间状语“by
ne
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xt
month(到下个月为止)”用将来完成时。句意：“我听说詹森计划着买一辆车。”“我知道。到下个月他就积蓄了足够的钱买辆二手车了。”
重点提醒：
▲在时间、条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时来表示将来某一时刻以前已完成的动作。
Tell
me
what
you
think
about
the
film
when
you
have
seen
it.
你看完这部电影之后告诉我你对它的看法。
▲与by
the
end
of引导的时间状语从句连用时要看“of”后面的名词所表示的时间概念来决定是用将来完成时还是用过去完成时。
We
will
have
learned
2000
English
words
by
the
end
of
this
term.
到这学期结束时为止，我们将学会2000英语单词。
We
had
learned
2000
English
words
by
the
end
of
last
term.
到这学期结束时为止，我们将学会2000英语单词。
(四)混成时态
1.现在完成进行时
基本用法：用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作。
①Tom
_______
in
the
library
every
night
over
the
last
three
months.
A.
works
B.
worked
C.
has
been
working
D.
had
been
working
【答案与解析】C。题干中出现的over
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
last
three
months，是明显提示用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。故选C。句意：在过去的三个月里，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆里学习。
②—
Why
do
you
want
to
work
for
our
company
—This
is
the
job
that
I
_______
for.
A.
looked
B.
am
to
look
C.
had
looked
D.
have
been
looking
【答案与解析】D。句意：“你为什么要想
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到我们公司工作？”“这就是我一直寻找的工作。”根据语境可知用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某个时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去。
③We
_______
on
this
project
for
four
hours.
Let’s
have
a
rest.
A.
are
working
B.
have
been
working
C.
worked
D.
had
worked
【答案与解析】B。从句子的时间
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )状语for
four
hours和后面的句子Let’s
have
a
rest可知，动作从过去发生，到说话的时候一直在进行着，所以此处要用现在完成进行时态。句意：我们在这项工程上一直工作了四个小时了。咱们休息一会儿吧。
重点提醒：
▲现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较：现在完成时着重表示动作的结果，而现在完成进行时着重表示过去发生的动作持续到现在还将继续下去。
—Why,
Jack,
you
look
so
tired!
—Well,
I
_______
the
house
and
I
must
finish
the
work
tomorrow.
A.
was
painting
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
will
be
painting
C.
have
painted
D.
have
been
painting
【答案与解析】D。我给房子上油漆一直进行到现在，而且到明天才会完成，还将继续下去。所以用现在完成进行时。
▲与现在完成进行时有联系的过去完成进行时。
When
Alice
came
to,
she
did
not
know
how
long
she
_______
there.
A.
had
been
lying
B.
has
been
lying
C.
was
lying
D.
has
lain
【答案与解析】A。过去完成进行时主
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要表示持续到过去某时之前的动作。came
to苏醒过来是过去时，苏醒前的情况是过去的过去，强调过去的过去里发生的事，故选A。句意：当爱丽丝苏醒过来时，她不知道她已经在那儿躺了多久了。
2.过去将来时
基本用法：相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态(多用在宾语从句中)。
①Did
you
predict
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )many
students
_______
up
for
the
dance
competition
A.
would
sign
B.
signed
C.
have
signed
D.
had
signed
【答案与解析】A。主句中用了一般过去时，受主
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句时态的限制，从句中要用过去时态。根据句子意思：你预测到了会有许多学生报名参加这次舞蹈比赛吗？是过去对将来的预测，应该用过去将来时。
②The
discovery
of
go
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld
in
Australia
led
thousands
to
believe
that
a
fortune
_______.
A.
is
made
B.
would
make
C.
was
to
be
made
D.
had
been
made
【答案与解析】C。make
fortune
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )译为“发财”，make在句中需要使用被动形式，因此排除B和D，题干中led提示时间为过去，因此选择C。be
to
do译为“将会将要”，was
to
be
made表示过去将来。句意：在澳洲金矿的发现使千百人相信将会发财。
重点提醒：
▲would
do(表示过去的习惯)总是，总会，常常(不涉及与现在的比较)
He
would
sit
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )silent
for
hours
when
he
was
a
little
boy.小时候，他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。
He
used
to
stay
up
late.他过去常常熬夜。(言下之意，现在不熬夜了)
三、动词的被动语态的基本句型和重点提醒
(一)被动语态的句型
1.主语(受动者)＋be＋过去分词＋(by＋施动者)。
He
was
criticized
by
the
English
teacher.他受到了老师的批评。
2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分(使用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者”)。
She
got
fired
because
of
her
faults.
她因为失误而被解雇了。
3.带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为被动句。
Someone
gave
her
some
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )money.
有人给了她一些钱。
She
was
given
some
money.或Some
money
was
given
to
him.
Someone
bought
her
a
watch.
有人给她买了一快表。
A
watch
was
bought
for
her.或She
was
bought
a
watch.
4.带有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句。
把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，保留的宾语补足语作被动语态的主语补足语。
We
saw
them
playing
basketball
on
the
playground
just
now.
They
were
seen
playing
basketball
on
the
playground
just
now.
5.情态动词＋be＋过去分词
This
maths
problem
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
must
be
worked
out
in
half
an
hour.
这道数学题必须在半小时内解出。
6.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分
These
magazines
are
no
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
allowed
to
be
taken
out
of
the
reading-room.
这些杂志不容许拿出阅览室。
7.常用被动语态的固定句型
①It
is
believed/said
/
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reported/hoped/supposed
that…据信/据说/据报道/人们希望/人们认为……
②It
must
be
pointed
out
that…必须指出……
③It
is
generally
considered
that…一般认为……
④It
is
well
known
that…大家都知道……
⑥It
must
be
admitted
that…必须承认……
(二)被动语态重点提醒
1.主动表示被动的几种情况
①不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词有：cut,
sell,
read,
write,
fill,
cook,
lock,
wash等。
This
knife
cuts
well.这把刀好切。
These
books
sell
well.这些书好卖。
The
pen
writes
smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。
Meat
won’t
keep
long
in
such
hot
weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
The
cloth
washes
well.这种布好洗。
②一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,
smell,
taste,
sound,
feel,
prove,
turn
out等。
The
apples
taste
good.这些苹果尝起来味道不错。
The
flower
smells
wonderful.这花闻起来很不错。
The
news
proved/turned
out
true.这消息后来证明时真的。
Cotton
feels
soft.棉花摸起来很软。
③主语+need/want/require表示需要被……的时候，常用动名词的主动式表示被动或用不定式的被动式。(参看专题09非谓语动词)
The
car
needs
repairing.=The
car
needs
to
be
repaired.这车需要修理。
④be
worth
doing表示某事值得去做。(参看专题09非谓语动词)
The
Great
Wall
is
worth
visiting.长城值得一游。
2.常见没有被动语态的动词(短语)
leave,
enter,
reach,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )become,
benefit,
cost,
equal,
contain,
last,
lack,
fit,
fail,
have,
appear,
happen,
occur,
belong
to,
take
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )place,
break
out,
come
about,
agree
with,
keep
up
with,
consist
of,
lose
heart等等。
The
Second
World
War
broke
out
in
1939.
第二次世界大战爆发于1939年。
Our
class
consists
of
50
students.我们班由50个学生组成。
3.hear,
notice,
watch,
observe,
make等在主动语态中接不带to的不定式，但变为被动语态时需要加上to。
I
noticed
him
enter
a
bookstore
just
now.
我注意到他刚才进了一家书店。
He
was
noticed
to
enter
a
bookstore
just
now.2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题07动词的时态和语态
考点聚焦(学生版)
高考中对动词时态和语态的考查
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )实际就是考查考生对动作发生的时间以及执行者的具体分析的能力。在高考考查动词时态命题中，命题者从三个角度来设题：一是给出具体的时间状语，考生可以根据所给出的时间状语直接作出选择；二是给出时间状语，但所给的时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，这时考生进行甄别才能作出正确选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而是给出一定的语境，这时考生必须仔细分析语境才能作出正确判断。而对被动语态的考查则跟时态结合起来进行。
考点1
考查正确找出时间的能力(题干中时间概念非常明确)
①(2016高考英语北京卷)I
_______
half
of
the
English
novel,
and
I’ll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
A.
read
B.
have
read
C.
am
reading
D.
will
read
【答案与解析】
②(2016高考英语江苏卷)Dashan,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
who
_______
crosstalk,
the
Chinese
comedic
tradition,
for
decades,
wants
to
mix
it
up
with
the
Western
stand-up
tradition.
A.
will
be
lear
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ning
B.
is
learning
C.
had
been
learning
D.
has
been
learning
【答案与解析】
③(2016高考英语北京卷)Jack
_______
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
A.
works
B.
has
worked
C.
was
working
D.
would
work
【答案与解析】
④(2016高考英语北京卷)—Excuse
me,
which
movie
are
you
waiting
for
—The
new
Star
Wars.
We
_______
here
for
more
than
two
hours.
A.
waited
B.
wait
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
C.
would
be
waiting
D.
have
been
waiting
【答案与解析】
⑤(2016高考英语浙江卷)Silk
_______
one
of
the
primary
goods
traded
along
the
Silk
Road
by
about
100
BC.
A.
had
become
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
was
becoming
C.
has
become
D.
is
becoming
【答案与解析】
⑥(2016高考英语天津卷)When
wal
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king
down
the
street,
I
came
across
David,
when
I
_______
for
years.
A.
didn’t
see
B.
haven’t
seen
C.
hadn’t
seen
D.
wouldn’t
see
【答案与解析】
⑦(2016高考英语江苏卷)More
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )efforts,
as
reported,
_______
in
the
years
ahead
to
accelerate
the
supply-side
structural
reform.
A.
are
made
B.
will
be
made
C.
are
being
made
D.
have
been
made
【答案与解析】
⑧In
the
last
few
years
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
China
_______
great
achievements
in
environmental
protection.
A.
has
made
B.
had
made
C.
was
making
D.
is
making
【答案与解析】
⑨Jane
can’t
attend
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
meeting
at
3
o’clock
this
afternoon
because
she
_______
a
class
at
that
time.
A.
will
teach
B.
would
teach
C.
has
taught
D.
will
be
teaching
【答案与解析】
考点2
考查认真甄别时间的能力(题干中时间概念比较复杂)
①—Where
is
Peter
I
can’t
find
him
anywhere.
—He
went
to
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
library
after
breakfast
and
_______
his
essay
there
ever
since.
A.
wrote
B.
had
written
C.
has
been
writing
D.
is
writing
【答案与解析】
②The
real
reas
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on
why
prices
_______,
and
still
are,
too
high
is
complex,
and
no
short
discussion
can
satisfactorily
explain
this
problem.
A.
were
B.
will
be
C.
have
been
D.
had
been
【答案与解析】
③—Haven’t
seen
you
for
ages!
Where
have
you
been
—I
went
to
Ningxia
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd
_______
there
for
one
year,
teaching
as
a
volunteer.
A.
stayed
B.
stay
C.
had
stayed
D.
am
staying
【答案与解析】
④—
I
don’t
unde
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rstand
why
you
didn’t
go
to
the
lecture
yesterday
afternoon.
—I’m
sorry,
but
I
_______
my
homework.
A.
had
done
B.
was
doing
C.
would
do
D.
am
doing
【答案与解析】
⑤—What
about
your
self
drive
trip
yesterday
—Tiring!
The
road
is
being
widened,
and
we
_______
a
rough
ride.
A.
had
B.
have
C.
would
have
D.
have
had
【答案与解析】
考点3
考查分析隐含时间的能力(题干中时间概念没有明说)
①—I’m
sorry!
I
would
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have
taken
him
to
hospital
if
I
had
known
he
was
seriously
ill.
—But
_______.
A.
you
didn’t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
you
hadn’t
C.
he
wasn’t
D.
you
aren’t
【答案与解析】
②—How
much
do
you
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
know
about
the
Youth
Olympic
Games
to
be
held
in
Nanjing.
—Well
,
the
media
_______
it
in
a
variety
of
forms
A.
cover
B.
will
cover
C.
have
covered
D.
covered
【答案与解析】
③Hurry
up!
Mark
and
Carl
_______
us.
A.
expect
B.
are
expecting
C.
have
expected
D.
will
expect
【答案与解析】
④The
water
supp
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly
has
been
cut
off
temporarily
because
the
workers
_______
one
of
the
main
pipes.
A.
had
repaired
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
have
repaired
C.
repaired
D.
are
repairing
【答案与解析】
考点4
考查时态替代的常识
①That
is
why
I
help
br
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ighten
people’s
days.
If
you
_______,
who’s
to
say
that
another
person
will
A.
did
not
B.
do
not
C.
were
not
D.
have
not
【答案与解析】
②We
won’t
start
the
work
until
all
the
preparations
_______.
A.
are
being
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )made
B.
will
be
made
C.
have
been
made
D.
had
been
made
【答案与解析】
③You’d
better
write
down
her
phone
number
before
you
_______
it
.
A.
forget
B.
are
forgetting
C.
forgot
D.
will
forget
【答案与解析】
考点5
考查综合考量语态、时态的能力
对于各种时态的被动语态形式的考查，解题时都可以分两步进行：一是根据该动词与主语之间的关系判断语态；二是根据上下文或所给时间判断时态。
①(2016高考英语北京卷)The
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tudents
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts
_______
success
in
the
end.
A.
rewarded
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
were
rewarded
C.
will
reward
D.
will
be
rewarded
【答案与解析】
②Despite
the
prev
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ious
rounds
of
talks,
no
agreement
_______
so
far
by
the
two
sides.
A.
has
been
reached
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
was
reached
C.
will
reach
D.
will
have
reached
【答案与解析】
③To
my
delight,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I
_______
from
hundreds
of
applicants
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony.
A.
was
chosen
B.
was
being
chosen
C.
would
choose
D.
had
chosen
【答案与解析】
④I
had
a
strong
desi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re
to
reach
in
and
play
with
the
toy,
but
_______
thankfully
by
the
shop
window.
A.
am
held
back
B.
held
back
C.
hold
back
D.
was
held
back
【答案与解析】2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题07动词的时态和语态
高考押题(解析版)
1.Ever
since
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
new
park
was
opened
to
the
public
last
month,
I
_______
a
walk
in
it
every
morning.
A.
am
taking
B.
take
C.
have
taken
D.
have
been
taking
【答案】D
【解析】上文“Ever
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ince
the
new
park
was
opened
to
the
public
last
month”时间状语从句已经明示了要用现在完成时，下文的“every
morning”
已经明示了要用现在完成进行时。句意：自从上个月新公园对公众开放以来，我一直每天早上在公园里散步。故D正确。
2.—Didn’t
you
go
fishing
with
your
friends
last
Sunday
—No.
I
_______
to
the
nursing
home
as
usual.
A.
went
B.
go
C.
have
gone
D.
had
gone
【答案】A
【解析】问上周日发生的事，用过去时态，说明一种过去的事实，故A正确。句意：“你上周日难道没和你的朋友去钓鱼么？”“没有。我像往常一样去了敬老院。”
3.—Andy,
how
do
you
find
your
present
occupation

—Just
so-so.
I’ve
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecided
to
resign
my
job
this
July,
by
when
I
_______
for
five
years.
A.
have
worked
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
will
be
working
C.
worked
D.
will
have
worked
【答案】D
【解析】“by
when=b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
this
July到今年七月份为止”明示用将来完成时。句意：“安迪，你觉得你现在的工作怎么样？”“马马虎虎。我已经决定今年七月份辞去这份工作，到那个时候为止，我就已经工作有五年了。”
4.—I
hope
you’ll
make
good
efforts
while
I’m
away.
—Be
assured!
You’
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll
be
amazed
at
what
_______
accomplished
when
you
get
back.
A.
will
have
been
B.
has
been
C.
was
D.
would
be
【答案】A
【解析】下文“到你回来的时候”提醒用将来完
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成时。句意：“我希望你在我外出的时候好好努力。”“那是肯定的。到你回来的时候，对于已经完成了的工作你会感到惊讶。”
5.James
_______ so far behind in
the
race
that
he
knew
he
had
little
chance
of
winning.
A.
fell
B.
falls
C.
has
fallen
D.
was
falling
【答案】A
【解析】下文“knew”明示用一般过去时。句意：杰姆斯在比赛中落后那么远，他知道他很少有机会赢得比赛了。
6.
In
fact
he
liv
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
a
comfortable
life,
but
he
_______ about
his
fate
all
the
time.
A.
is
complaining
B.
has
complained
C.
was
complaining
D.
had
complained
【答案】C
【解析】根据句中的all
the
time和lived可知，应用过去进行时，故选C。句意：实际上他过着舒适的生活，但他一直抱怨命不好。
7.—Will
you
have
a
second
child
—
Haven’t
decided
yet.
We
_______
about
it
the
whole
year.
A.
have
thought
B.
had
thought
C.
thought
D.
have
been
thinking
【答案】D
【解析】从回答中可以知道
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，讨论还在继续没有做出决定，因此要用现在完成进行时。故选D。句意：“你们会要二胎吗？”“还没决定呢。我们一整年都在讨论这个问题。”
8.—Sounds
incredible!
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I
had
never
thought
I
would
meet
my
old
classmate
David
at
that
party.
—If
my
memory
serve
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
me
correctly,
you
two
_______
each
other
for
almost
five
years.
A.
hadn’t
seen
B.
haven’t
seen
C.
didn’t
see
D.
don’t
see
【答案】A。
【解析】“没有见过面”应该止
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于“晚会上碰到时”，即过去的过去，用过去完成时，故选A。句意：“听起来真的不可思议！我从来没有想到我会在那次晚会上遇见我的老同学戴维。”“如果我记得不错的话，你俩几乎有五年没有见面了。”
9.—
Have
you
been
to
Gangtok
—
Actually,
I
_______
there
for
three
years
and
then
left
for
home
when
my
mother
was
ill.
A.
had
worked
B.
has
worked
C.
was
working
D.
worked
【答案】D
【解析】注意and之后的le
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ft
用的是一般过去时，当若干动作并列起来，在过去按时间顺序先后发生时，都用一般过去时。句意：“你去过甘托克(印度锡金邦首府)吗 ”“去过呀，我在那儿工作过五年，然后我离开那儿回到了家乡，因为母亲生病了。”
10.Make
the
bes
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
of
your
precious
time
and
study
harder
—
this
time
next
year
you
_______
the
colorful
campus
life
in
your
dream
university!
A.
will
enjo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
B.
are
enjoying
C.
will
have
enjoyed
D.
will
be
enjoying
【答案】D
【解析】根据this
time
ne
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xt
year明年的这个时候可知将来进行时，故选D项。句意：充分利用你宝贵的时间努力学习。明年的这个时候，你就会在你理想的大学里享受那多彩的校园生活啦。
11.On
the
morning
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )October
12,
1492,
Christopher
Columbus
and
his
crew
came
to
the
shores
of
the
Caribbean
islands,
mistakenly
believing
they
_______
in
Southeast
Asia.
A.
arrived
B.
had
arrived
C.
has
arrived
D.
would
arrive
【答案】B
【解析】强调“到达”动作的完成
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所产生的影响或结果“mistakenly
believing误认为”，故“arrive”发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。句意：在1492年十月12日的早上，克里斯多弗·哥伦布和他的船员来到加勒比海岸，误认为他们已经到达了东南亚。
12.—
I
wonder
if
you
could
go
with
me
to
the
supermarket.
—
Don’t
disturb
me.
I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
_______
my
daily
report
this
morning
and
haven’t
finished
yet.
A.
write
B.
was
writing
C.
have
written
D.
have
been
writing
【答案】D
【解析】根据句意可知我整个早晨都
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在写报告，所以使用现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D正确。句意：“我想知道你能我和去超市吗？”“别打扰我。今天早晨我一直都在写报告，我还没有写完。”
13.
I’m
afra
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id
that
you’ll
have
to
report
it
to
our
headmaster，for
what
he
says
_______ in
our
school.
A.
will
count
B.
counts
C.
counted
D.
is
counting
【答案】B
【解析】句意：恐怕你要把这件事报告给校长，因为在我们学校里他说了算。count重要，有价值，此处是讲述一般性的情况，因此用一般现在时。
14.—My
wife
_______
for
new
clothes,
but
actually
her
wardrobe
is
full.
—Women
like
spending
money
just
for
the
sake
of
it.
A.
always
hunts
B.
has
always
hunted
C.
is
always
hunting
D.
will
always
hunt
【答案】C
【解析】依照对话的语境来看充满着抱怨、埋怨
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )之意，故使用be
always
doing，所以选C适合。句意：“我妻子总是买新衣服，但实际上她的衣橱里满满的都是。”“女人就是因为喜欢新衣服才花钱的。”
15.In
the
last
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )few
decades,
gases
sent
into
the
Earth’s
atmosphere
by
factories
and
vehicles
_______
the
process
of
global
warming.
A.
sped
up
B.
were
speeding
up
C.
had
sped
up
D.
have
been
speeding
up
【答案】D
【解析】根据题干中的时间状语“In
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )last
few
decades”及
speed
up
这一延续性动作可知，该空用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，还可能继续进行下去。故选
D
项。句意：在过去的几十年里，工厂和车辆排放到大气中的气体一直在加快全球变暖的进程。
16.Alan
Greenspan,
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nce
reported
as
a
financial
god,
had
to
admit
that
he
_______
some
serious
mistakes.
A.
made
B.
had
made
C.
has
been
making
D.
has
made
【答案】B
【解析】“犯错误”发生在“had
to
ad
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mit”之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时。句意：曾经被报道为金融之神的艾伦·格林斯潘不得不承认他之前也犯过一些严重的错误。
17.It
_______
every
day
so
far
this
month.
I
can’t
tell
you
if
it
_______ tomorrow.
A.
rained;
rains
B.
is
raining;
shall
rain
C.
has
been
raining;
rains
D.
has
rained;
will
rain
【答案】D
【解析】本题第一空应该使用现在完成式，关键
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词是后面的时间状语so
far(到目前为止)，so
far通常都是和现在完成时连用。第二空是一个if引导的宾语从句，并非if引导的条件句，在这个宾语从句中，时间状语是tomorrow，这是一个将来时的时间状语，故该宾语从句使用将来时。故选D项。句意：这个月到现在为止天天都在下雨，所以我无法告诉你明天是否还要要下雨。
18.Mr.
Li
arri
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ved
at
the
Wuguang
train
station
twenty
minutes
ago,
but
the
train
to
Guangzhou
_______
yet.
A.
hadn’t
come
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
won’t
come
C.
hasn’t
come
D.
didn’t
come
【答案】C
【解析】根据yet可知它
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常与现在完成时连用，20分钟前来到车站，到现在车还没有来，强调结果，故选C项。句意：20分钟前李先生到达了武广火车站，但是去广州的火车还没有来。
19.The
boy
mig
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht
have
drowned
but
for
the
fact
that
his
father
_______
beside
him
on
the
deck
at
that
time.
A.
was
standing
B.
stood
C.
had
stood
D.
would
have
stood
【答案】A
【解析】but
for
要不是，引导含蓄虚
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )拟条件句，在此相当于
if
it
hadn’tbeen
for；the
fact
后跟同位语从句，
对其补充说明，父亲站在男孩
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )身旁是事实，因此从句不使用虚拟语气；根据“at
that
time”可知，应该用过去进行时，故选
A。句意：要不是因为那个男孩的父亲当时在甲板上站在他旁边，他可能就会溺水了。
20.Hearing
wha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
I
told
him,
he
explained
his
examination
results
were
influenced
by
some
incidents
that
_______
by
chance.
A.
happen
B.
were
happening
C.
had
happened
D.
would
happen
【答案】C
【解析】some
incide
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts是在他解释之前发生的，故使用过去完成时，所以选C。句意：听到我告诉他的话，他解释说他的考试结果是受到一些偶然发生的事件的影响。
21.The
only
hotel
near
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )by
_______
open,
so
we
had
to
arrange
for
a
few
relatives
from
the
countryside
to
live
in
my
house
yesterday
in
spite
of
the
limited
space
at
home.
A.
was
not
B.
does
not
C.
is
not
D.
had
not
been
【答案】C
【解析】虽然句中有明显的时间状
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语“yesterday”，但是“没有开张营业”却是现在这一段时间客观存在的情况，所以要用一般现在时。注意本句中的“open”是形容词，表示状态。句意：附近唯一的宾馆还没有开张营业，所以昨天我们不得不安排乡下来的几个亲戚住在我家，尽管家里空间有限。
22.—
Tom,
you
look
worried.
Anything
I
can
do
for
you
—
I
_______
if
you
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould
give
me
a
three-day
leave
to
look
after
my
baby
in
hospital.
A.
had
wondered
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
was
wondering
C.
would
wonder
D.
have
wondered
【答案】B
【解析】“想知道”发生“在你看我的时候
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”，应该用过去进行时。故B正确。句意：“汤姆，你看起来很着急的样子，需要我为你做些什么吗？”“我刚才正在想你能否给我三天假来照看我住院的小孩子。”
23.—
Do
you
think
I’m
a
good
surfer
—
Of
course!
I
_______
you
earlier.
You
made
it
look
so
easy,
graceful
even.
A.
am
watching
B.
was
watching
C.
have
watched
D.
had
watched
【答案】B
【解析】由动词made可知，本句与过去时
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有关，排除AC项；BD的区别在于过去进行时表示过去某段时间里持续进行的动作，而过去完成时强调过去的过去，强调时间差。本句表示过去一段时间里一直在做的事，故B正确。句意：“你认为我是一个冲浪好手吗？”“当然。我早些时候就一直在观察你，你让冲浪看上去很容易，甚至可以说是优雅。”
24.Miss
Li
_______
as
a
secretary
for
five
years
in
the
company,
and
now
she
is
general
manager
of
it.
A.
serves
B.
served
C.
had
served
D.
has
served
【答案】B
【解析】根据后面的一句：now
she
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
is
general
manager，可知道她现在已经是总经理了，而她在这个公司是服务了五年，所以用一般过去时。可知此题应选C。句意：李小姐曾经在这家公司做过五年的秘书，现在她是该公司的总经理了。
25.—
Oh,
no.
I
left
my
mobile
phone
in
the
dining-room.
I
have
to
go
there
for
it.
—
You
needn’t.
I
_______
it
back
for
you.
Here
you
are.
A.
will
bring
B.
bring
C.
have
brought
D.
was
bringing
【答案】C
【解祈】现在完成时表示过去
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的动作对现在产生的影响或造成某种结果。根据空后面的Here
you
are可知，手机已经带来，所以应用现在完成时。句意：“哦，不是的。我把手机忘在餐厅了。我得去拿回来。”“你不必去啦。我已经为你带回来了，哝，给你。”
26.—Why
Where
is
the
key
to
the
sound
lab
—Dear
me!
You
_______
it
in
the
taxi！
A.
have
never
left
B.
haven’t
left
C.
never
left
D.
didn’t
leave
【答案】C
【解析】根据句意可知前者把钥匙忘在
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了出租车里，这是一件过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时。副词never要比didn’t语气更强烈，与感叹句一致。故C正确。句意：“哎呀？语音实验室的钥匙在那里？”“我的天哪！你可从没有把它忘在出租车里的。”
27.I
_______
in
Na
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )njing
for
many
years,
but
I’ve
never
regretted
my
final
decision
to
move
back
to
my
hometown.
A.
worked.
B.
was
working.
C.
have
worked.
D.
had
worked.
【答案】A
【解析】过去在南京工作，现在不在哪里
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )工作了，故不能用have
worked,而用worked。句意：我在南京工作了很多年，但是我从没有后悔最终搬回家乡的决定。故选A
。
28.Life
teaches
us
not
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
regret
over
yesterday,
for
it
_______
and
is
beyond
our
control.
A.
has
passed
B.
will
pass
C.
passed
D.
had
passed
【答案】A
【解析】根据句意可以判断，这里表示动作已经
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )完成，应该用现在完成时，故选
A。句意：生活教会我们不要后悔昨天的事情，因为它已经过去，我们无法掌控。
29.She
_______
someone,
so
I
nodded
to
her
and
went
away.
A.
phoned
B.
had
phoned
C.
was
phoning
D.
has
phoned
【答案】C
【解析】从逗号后内容可以看出，“我”走开是因
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为她在打电话，表示当“我”看到她的时候正在发生的事情，再根据句中的nodded和went可知应该用过去进行时，答案选C项。句意：她当时正在给某个人打电话，所以我向她点点头，就走开了。
30.—
Hi,
Michelle,
I
can’t
find
my
e-dictionary.
—
Sorry,
I
_______
it.
I
guess
I
put
it
on
the
top
shelf
with
my
things.
A.
had
used
B.
used
C.
was
using
D.
am
using
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意，我用了，是对话之
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前用的，所以应该用一般过去时，故选B项。句意：“嘿，米切尔，我找不到我的电子词典了。”“对不起，我用了，我把它和我的东西一起放在书架上了。”
31.—Do
you
remember
when
I
first
met
you
—Of
course.
I
_______
at
Oxford
University.
A.
studied
B.
had
studied
C.
have
studied
D.
was
studying
【答案】D
【解析】when
I
firs
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
met
you我和你见面时，那时候是过去进行时was
studying。故选D。句意：“你还记得当我第一次见面你吗 ”“当然。我正在牛津大学学习。”
32.—How
long
have
you
been
in
this
office
—Just
a
few
minutes.
I
_______
here
together
with
my
cousin。
A.
have
walked
B.
had
walked
C.
have
been
walking
D.
walked
【答案】D
【解析】根据前者的提问以及后者的回答，可
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )知此处应该用一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作。句意：“你在这个办公室多久了？”“就几分钟时间。我是和我的表来一起来这里的。”
33.—Alice,
you
have
won
the
first
place!
—Pardon
I
______
I
would
fail
the
exam
this
time.
A.
think
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
thought
C.
have
thought
D.
am
thinking
【答案】B
【解析】因为爱丽丝现在知道自己得了第一名，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所以认为会不及格是过去的事情，用一般过去式，所以选B。句意：“爱丽丝，你赢得了第一名！”“什么？我本以为我这次考试会不及格的。”
34.—Shall
Tom
go
and
play
football
—Not
unless
he
_______
his
homework.
A.
has
finished
B.
finished
C.
is
to
finish
D.
would
finish
【答案】A
【解祈】在unless引导的条件状语从句中，用现在完成时替代将来完成时。句意：“汤姆可以去踢足球吗？”“除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。”
35.You
will
have
to
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ear
strong
shoes
if
you
_______
some
climbing
in
such
tough
conditions.
A.
have
done
B.
will
do
C.
would
do
D.
are
to
do
【答案】D
【解析】am
to
do
sth.是一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )般现在时的形式，却表示将来，用于条件状语从句中，故选
D
项。句意：如果你打算在这种恶劣的条件下去爬山，你得穿结实的鞋。
36.Close
the
door
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
fear
behind
you,
and
you
_______
the
door
of
faith
open
before
you.
A.
have
seen
B.
will
see
C.
are
seeing
D.
saw
【答案】B
【解析】固定句式：祈使句+连词+主句，主
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句使用将来时或者情态动词的形式。will
+动词原形表将来，故选B项。句意：关掉你身后的害怕之门，你就会看到你面前的信念之门打开。
37.It
is
the
20th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )time
in
history
that
Chinese
women’s
table
tennis
team
_______
the
honorable
award---M
Corbillon
Cup(考比伦杯).
A.
won
B.
had
won
C.
have
won
D.
has
won
【答案】D
【解析】依照句子结构来看，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本句主要考查
“It
is
the
+序数词
time
that+从句”的时态，
该句型中
that
从句要用现在完成时，从句的主语为“Chinese
women’s
table
tennis
team”，为单数，故选
D。句意：这是中国女子乒乓球队历史上第
20
次赢得“考比伦杯”这一荣誉奖项。
38.I
needn’t
have
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en
in
such
a
hurry.
The
flight
to
Hong
Kong
_______
due
to
the
typhoon.
A.
has
cancelled
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
was
cancelled
C.
will
be
canceling
D.
had
cancelled
【答案】B
【解析】从前面
needn’
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
have
done
本不需要做，但是却做了，这是对过去的虚拟。由此看出，航班被取消的事情已经发生，说明过去的一种事实，用一般过去时，用被动语态是因为航班是被取消。故
B
正确。句意：我本不需要那么着急，由于台风的原因，去香港的航班被取消了。
39.—Did
you
enjoy
the
party
—Yes,
we
_______
by
our
hosts.
A.
were
treated
B.
would
be
treated.
C.
treated
D.
had
treated
【答案】A
【解析】“we”和“trea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t”存在被动关系，故应该用被动语态。这是讲的过去某个时间发生的事，用一般过去时，故选A。句意：“你们晚会上玩得开心吗？”“玩得开心。我们受到了主人们的款待。”
40.
—Are
these
seats
available
—Sorry,
sir.
The
seats
_______.
A.
have
rese
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rved
B.
are
reserved
C.
reserved
D.
are
reserving
【答案】B
【解析】根据上文的“这些座位可以坐吗？”
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可知，这些座位被预订了是目前正处于的状态，又因为seats和reserve之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，答案选B。句意：“这些座位可以坐吗？”“对不起，先生，这些座位被预订了。”
41.If
this
product
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
does
not
give
you
complete
satisfaction，please
return
it
to
the
manufacturer,
stating
when
it
_______.
A.
is
purchased
B.
will
be
purchased
C.
purchases
D.
has
purchased
【答案】A
【解析】purchase和it构成动宾关系
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，故应用被动语态。此处说的是一般性情况，故用一般现在时。故选A。句意：如果你对产品不完全满意，请退回给生产商，并注明购买的时间。
42.She
is
a
hardworkin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
student,
and
all
her
spare
time
she
has
_______
staying
in
the
library.
A.
spent
B.
is
spent
C.
has
spent
D.
will
be
spent
【答案】B　
【解析】句式分析可知，all
her
spa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re
time为主语，she
has为省略了引导词that或which的定语从句。主句中缺少谓语动词，且根据句意可知，此处应用被动语态。故答案选B。句意：她是一个勤奋刻苦的学生，她所有的业余时间都是在图书馆里度过的。
43.Nowadays,
cell-pho
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nes
have
features
such
as
games,
music
and
calendars
and
more
new
functions
_______.
A.
are
added
B.
have
added
C.
are
being
added
D.
have
been
added
【答案】C
【解析】因为时间是nowada
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ys，而且是被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，选C项。句意：现在手机有很多功能诸如游戏、
音乐以及电子日历等，更多新的功能正源源不断地加入到手机中。
44.The
thief
was
caug
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht
stealing
money
from
the
shop
opposite
the
school
and
_______
by
the
local
police
at
the
moment.
A.
was
questioned
B.
had
questioned
C.
is
being
questioned
D.
has
been
questioning
【答案】C
【解析】时间是at
the
mo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ment“现在”，还有the
thief和question是被动关系，用现在进行时的被动，选C项。句意：小偷被抓住在学校对面的商店偷钱，现在正在被警察询问。
45.Now
scientist
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
say
that
some
dogs
are
badly-behaved
because
they
_______
from
their
mothers
too
early,
which
can
turn
them
into
aggressive
dogs.
A.
took
away
B.
hav
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
taken
away
C.
were
taken
away
D.
have
been
taken
away
【答案】C
【解析】首先，狗和带走之间是被动关
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )系；其次，动作发生在它们很小的时候，故用一般过去时。故答案选C。句意：现在，科学家认为一些狗表现糟糕原因在于它们很小的时候就离开了它们的妈妈，这使得它们具有攻击性。
46.July
was
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )feeling
a
little
blue
because
her
mother
_________
from
her
job
and
she
had
lots
of
bills
to
pay.
A.
had
laid
off
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
has
been
laid
off
C.
has
laid
off
D.
had
been
laid
off
【答案】D
【解析】“her
mothe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r”与“lay
off”存在被动关系，要用被动语态。此处有时间先后比较，根据was
feeling可知她母亲被解雇发生得更早，所以使用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D句意：朱莉感觉心情沮丧因为她母亲被解雇了，她有许多债要还。
47.The
vegetable
loo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king
fresh
in
his
field
_______
well.
It’s
often
sold
out
immediately
it
appears
in
the
market.
A.
has
sold
B.
has
been
sold
C.
is
sold
D
.
sells
【答案】D
【解析】
表示是物本身属性时用主动
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，不用被动。例如，sell
well“好卖”，write
well“好写”，wash
well“好洗”等。排除B、C。说的是一般情况，故用一般现在时，故选D。句意：他的田里的蔬菜看起来很新鲜，卖得很好。
48.Unless
extra
money
_______,
the
theater
will
close.
A.
was
found
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
finds
C.
is
found
D.
found
【答案】C
【解析】用钱做主语，但钱需要人去找,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )因此钱是被(人)找，所以采用被动语态。条件状语从句中要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。故选C。句意：除非能筹到更多的钱，不然剧院就会关闭。
49.The
shoes
are
of
high
quality
and
_______
long.
A.
wore
B.
are
worn
C.
wear
D.
will
be
worn
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这双鞋质量好并且耐穿。根据句意可知，这表明了鞋的特征是耐穿，而没有强调具体穿的动作，故用一般现在时表示性质和特征。故选C项。
50.Sarah,
hurr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
up.
I’m
afraid
you
won’t
have
time
to
_______
before
the
party.
A.
get
change
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
B.
get
change
C.
get
changing
D.
get
to
change
【答案】A
【解析】get后接动词的过去分
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词可以表被动，也可以表示状态，get
changed换衣服。句意：萨沙，快点！在去聚会之前恐怕你没有时间换衣服了。根据句意可知选A项。2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)──专题07动词的时态和语态
高考押题(原卷版)
1.Ever
since
the
new
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
park
was
opened
to
the
public
last
month,
I
_______
a
walk
in
it
every
morning.
A.
am
taking
B.
take
C.
have
taken
D.
have
been
taking
2.—Didn’t
you
go
fishing
with
your
friends
last
Sunday
—No.
I
_______
to
the
nursing
home
as
usual.
A.
went
B.
go
C.
have
gone
D.
had
gone
3.—Andy,
how
do
you
find
your
present
occupation

—Just
so-so.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I’ve
decided
to
resign
my
job
this
July,
by
when
I
_______
for
five
years.
A.
have
wor
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ked
B.
will
be
working
C.
worked
D.
will
have
worked
4.—I
hope
you’ll
make
good
efforts
while
I’m
away.
—Be
assured!
You’ll
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
amazed
at
what
_______
accomplished
when
you
get
back.
A.
will
have
been
B.
has
been
C.
was
D.
would
be
5.James
_______ so far behind in
the
race
that
he
knew
he
had
little
chance
of
winning.
A.
fell
B.
falls
C.
has
fallen
D.
was
falling
6.
In
fact
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
lived
a
comfortable
life,
but
he
_______ about
his
fate
all
the
time.
A.
is
compla
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ining
B.
has
complained
C.
was
complaining
D.
had
complained
7.—Will
you
have
a
second
child
—
Haven’t
decided
yet.
We
_______
about
it
the
whole
year.
A.
have
thou
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ght
B.
had
thought
C.
thought
D.
have
been
thinking
8.—Sounds
incredible!
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I
had
never
thought
I
would
meet
my
old
classmate
David
at
that
party.
—If
my
memory
serv
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es
me
correctly,
you
two
_______
each
other
for
almost
five
years.
A.
hadn’t
seen
B.
haven’t
seen
C.
didn’t
see
D.
don’t
see
9.—
Have
you
been
to
Gangtok
—
Actually,
I
_______
there
for
three
years
and
then
left
for
home
when
my
mother
was
ill.
A.
had
worked
B.
has
worked
C.
was
working
D.
worked
10.Make
the
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )est
of
your
precious
time
and
study
harder
—
this
time
next
year
you
_______
the
colorful
campus
life
in
your
dream
university!
A.
will
enjoy
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
are
enjoying
C.
will
have
enjoyed
D.
will
be
enjoying
11.On
the
morni
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
of
October
12,
1492,
Christopher
Columbus
and
his
crew
came
to
the
shores
of
the
Caribbean
islands,
mistakenly
believing
they
_______
in
Southeast
Asia.
A.
arrived
B.
had
arrived
C.
has
arrived
D.
would
arrive
12.—
I
wonder
if
you
could
go
with
me
to
the
supermarket.
—
Don’t
disturb
me.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
I
_______
my
daily
report
this
morning
and
haven’t
finished
yet.
A.
write
B.
was
writing
C.
have
written
D.
have
been
writing
13.
I’m
afra
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id
that
you’ll
have
to
report
it
to
our
headmaster，for
what
he
says
_______ in
our
school.
A.
will
count
B.
counts
C.
counted
D.
is
counting
14.—My
wife
_______
for
new
clothes,
but
actually
her
wardrobe
is
full.
—Women
like
spending
money
just
for
the
sake
of
it.
A.
always
hunts
B.
has
always
hunted
C.
is
always
hunting
D.
will
always
hunt
15.In
the
last
few
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecades,
gases
sent
into
the
Earth’s
atmosphere
by
factories
and
vehicles
_______
the
process
of
global
warming.
A.
sped
up
B.
we
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re
speeding
up
C.
had
sped
up
D.
have
been
speeding
up
16.Alan
Greenspan,
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nce
reported
as
a
financial
god,
had
to
admit
that
he
_______
some
serious
mistakes.
A.
made
B.
had
made
C.
has
been
making
D.
has
made
17.It
_______
every
day
so
far
this
month.
I
can’t
tell
you
if
it
_______ tomorrow.
A.
rained;
rains
B.
is
raining;
shall
rain
C.
has
been
raining;
rains
D.
has
rained;
will
rain
18.Mr.
Li
arr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ived
at
the
Wuguang
train
station
twenty
minutes
ago,
but
the
train
to
Guangzhou
_______
yet.
A.
hadn’t
come
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
won’t
come
C.
hasn’t
come
D.
didn’t
come
19.The
boy
mig
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht
have
drowned
but
for
the
fact
that
his
father
_______
beside
him
on
the
deck
at
that
time.
A.
was
standing
B.
stood
C.
had
stood
D.
would
have
stood
20.Hearing
wh
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
I
told
him,
he
explained
his
examination
results
were
influenced
by
some
incidents
that
_______
by
chance.
A.
happen
B.
were
happening
C.
had
happened
D.
would
happen
21.The
only
hotel
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
nearby
_______
open,
so
we
had
to
arrange
for
a
few
relatives
from
the
countryside
to
live
in
my
house
yesterday
in
spite
of
the
limited
space
at
home.
A.
was
not
B.
does
not
C.
is
not
D.
had
not
been
22.—
Tom,
you
look
worried.
Anything
I
can
do
for
you
—
I
_______
if
you
cou
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld
give
me
a
three-day
leave
to
look
after
my
baby
in
hospital.
A.
had
wonde
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red
B.
was
wondering
C.
would
wonder
D.
have
wondered
23.—
Do
you
think
I’m
a
good
surfer
—
Of
course!
I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
_______
you
earlier.
You
made
it
look
so
easy,
graceful
even.
A.
am
watching
B.
was
watching
C.
have
watched
D.
had
watched
24.Miss
Li
_______
as
a
secretary
for
five
years
in
the
company,
and
now
she
is
general
manager
of
it.
A.
serves
B.
served
C.
had
served
D.
has
served
25.—
Oh,
no.
I
l
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eft
my
mobile
phone
in
the
dining-room.
I
have
to
go
there
for
it.
—
You
needn’t.
I
_______
it
back
for
you.
Here
you
are.
A.
will
bring
B.
bring
C.
have
brought
D.
was
bringing
26.—Why
Where
is
the
key
to
the
sound
lab
—Dear
me!
You
_______
it
in
the
taxi！
A.
have
never
left
B.
haven’t
left
C.
never
left
D.
didn’t
leave
27.I
_______
in
Nan
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )jing
for
many
years,
but
I’ve
never
regretted
my
final
decision
to
move
back
to
my
hometown.
A.
worked.
B.
was
working.
C.
have
worked.
D.
had
worked.
28.Life
teaches
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )us
not
to
regret
over
yesterday,
for
it
_______
and
is
beyond
our
control.
A.
has
passed
B.
will
pass
C.
passed
D.
had
passed
29.She
_______
someone,
so
I
nodded
to
her
and
went
away.
A.
phoned
B.
had
phoned
C.
was
phoning
D.
has
phoned
30.—
Hi,
Michelle,
I
can’t
find
my
e-dictionary.
—
Sorry,
I
_______
it.
I
guess
I
put
it
on
the
top
shelf
with
my
things.
A.
had
used
B.
used
C.
was
using
D.
am
using
31.—Do
you
remember
when
I
first
met
you
—Of
course.
I
_______
at
Oxford
University.
A.
studied
B.
had
studied
C.
have
studied
D.
was
studying
32.—How
long
have
you
been
in
this
office
—Just
a
few
minutes.
I
_______
here
together
with
my
cousin。
A.
have
walked
B.
had
walked
C.
have
been
walking
D.
walked
33.—Alice,
you
have
won
the
first
place!
—Pardon
I
______
I
would
fail
the
exam
this
time.
A.
think
B.
thought
C.
have
thought
D.
am
thinking
34.—Shall
Tom
go
and
play
football
—Not
unless
he
_______
his
homework.
A.
has
finished
B.
finished
C.
is
to
finish
D.
would
finish
35.You
will
have
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wear
strong
shoes
if
you
_______
some
climbing
in
such
tough
conditions.
A.
have
done
B.
will
do
C.
would
do
D.
are
to
do
36.Close
the
door
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
of
fear
behind
you,
and
you
_______
the
door
of
faith
open
before
you.
A.
have
seen
B.
will
see
C.
are
seeing
D.
saw
37.It
is
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )20th
time
in
history
that
Chinese
women’s
table
tennis
team
_______
the
honorable
award---M
Corbillon
Cup(考比伦杯).
A.
won
B.
had
won
C.
have
won
D.
has
won
38.I
needn’t
hav
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
been
in
such
a
hurry.
The
flight
to
Hong
Kong
_______
due
to
the
typhoon.
A.
has
cancelled
B.
was
cancelled
C.
will
be
canceling
D.
had
cancelled
39.—Did
you
enjoy
the
party
—Yes,
we
_______
by
our
hosts.
A.
were
treated
B.
would
be
treated.
C.
treated
D.
had
treated
40.
—Are
these
seats
available
—Sorry,
sir.
The
seats
_______.
A.
have
reserved
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
are
reserved
C.
reserved
D.
are
reserving
41.If
this
product
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
does
not
give
you
complete
satisfaction，please
return
it
to
the
manufacturer,
stating
when
it
_______.
A.
is
purchased
B.
will
be
purchased
C.
purchases
D.
has
purchased
42.She
is
a
hardw
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orking
student,
and
all
her
spare
time
she
has
_______
staying
in
the
library.
A.
spent
B.
is
spent
C.
has
spent
D.
will
be
spent
43.Nowadays,
cell-
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )phones
have
features
such
as
games,
music
and
calendars
and
more
new
functions
_______.
A.
are
added
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
have
added
C.
are
being
added
D.
have
been
added
44.The
thief
wa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
caught
stealing
money
from
the
shop
opposite
the
school
and
_______
by
the
local
police
at
the
moment.
A.
was
questioned
B.
had
questioned
C.
is
being
questioned
D.
has
been
questioning
45.Now
scientists
sa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
that
some
dogs
are
badly-behaved
because
they
_______
from
their
mothers
too
early,
which
can
turn
them
into
aggressive
dogs.
A.
took
away
B.
have
taken
away
C.
were
taken
away
D.
have
been
taken
away
46.July
was
feeling
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
little
blue
because
her
mother
_________
from
her
job
and
she
had
lots
of
bills
to
pay.
A.
had
laid
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f
B.
has
been
laid
off
C.
has
laid
off
D.
had
been
laid
off
47.The
vegetable
lo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oking
fresh
in
his
field
_______
well.
It’s
often
sold
out
immediately
it
appears
in
the
market.
A.
has
sold
B.
has
been
sold
C.
is
sold
D
.
sells
48.Unless
extra
money
_______,
the
theater
will
close.
A.
was
found
B.
finds
C.
is
found
D.
found
49.The
shoes
are
of
high
quality
and
_______
long.
A.
wore
B.
are
worn
C.
wear
D.
will
be
worn
50.Sarah,
hurry
up.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
I’m
afraid
you
won’t
have
time
to
_______
before
the
party.
A.
get
changed
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
get
change
C.
get
changing
D.
get
to
change