模块综合检测2（含解析）高中英语北师大版（2019）必修 第三册

模块综合检测(二)
第一部分　阅读
第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Apps to Help in a Disaster
Disasters almost always arrive unexpectedly．But there are computer apps to help people prepare for disasters．Some apps warn users when a disaster has taken place．
Siren GPS Mobile
The free Siren GPS Mobile app connects users to emergency services at the tap of the screen．The app will let emergency workers know where the person in need is．
The app works over cell phone networks．But it also works on Wi Fi if cell phone networks are down after an emergency．
Users can create a personal health report on the app to share with emergency services．This will provide information about medicines that users take，allergies(过敏反应) they might have and other medical information important to treatment decisions．
Life360
The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved ones connected．Users can set up a network of people to share their location，chat and get informed when they are near someone in their network．People in the same network can use the app on their cell phones．
The app helps users communicate when they are in danger．The location sharing function can be suspended(暂停) when desired．
The Life360 app is free，with some services available for a fee．
Red Panic Button
When a person is in danger，the Red Panic Button app might help．This app can send a text message to chosen contacts providing the user's location．You can also add a voice or video message or photo to your text and email．
This app can also be used to contact emergency services．
Red Panic Button is free，but extra features are available for a fee．
First Aid by American Red Cross
The free First Aid app by the American Red Cross helps guide users in giving first aid to the injured people．The app can also help with information to help plan for droughts，floods，storms and more．
Watch videos and take tests within the app．Users can switch the app from English to Spanish．
1．Which is not the feature of the Siren GPS Mobile app
A．It connects users to emergency services．
B．It is useless if your cell phone network is down．
C．Rescuers can get your health information through it．
D．Rescue workers can know where the injured person is．
2．What can you do if you have the Life360 app
A．Watch over your loved ones' movements．
B．Keep connected with those in your network．
C．Share your health information with doctors directly．
D．Get hospital information immediately when in danger．
3．What may be the best choice if you want to get information about disasters in advance
A．Siren GPS Mobile．
B．Life360．
C．Red Panic Button．
D．First Aid by American Red Cross．
B
The Mom had died when the rescuers found her after the terrible earthquake．She was covered by a destroyed house．Through gaps (缝隙) of those ruins，the rescuers could see her last posture (姿势)．It was something like an ancient person who was kowtowing (叩头)，but it just looked strange because she was out of shape by pressure．
The rescuers confirmed her death by touching her through the gaps of the ruins．They shouted at the ruins again and again，knocked the bricks using various tools，but no reply inside．
Then the rescuing team went to the next building．Suddenly the leader ran back，calling “Come here．” He came to the body，put his hands under the woman，feeling and touching，then shouted loudly and gladly，“There is someone，a baby，still living．”
Through some efforts，rescuers cleaned up the ruins which blocked her．Under her body lay her baby，who was covered by a small red quilt(棉被)．He was about 3 or 4 months' old．Since well protected by his mother's body，he was safe．He was in a deep sleep when the rescuer carried him out，and his lovely and peaceful face warmed everyone around him．The doctor，along with the rescuing team，took the baby out of the quilt to check if the baby was all right，and he found there was a mobile phone in the quilt．The doctor looked at the screen; a written message was already there: “My dear baby if you could live，don't forget how much I love you．” As a doctor，he experienced much of this type of separation; but at this moment，he cried．The mobile phone was passed，and every person who saw this message shed (流出) tears．
4．When the rescuers found the Mom，she ________．
A．was using her mobile phone to ask for help
B．begged the rescuers to save her baby first
C．was struggling with the pressure
D．didn't have the normal shape
5．When the baby was rescued，he ________．
A．was smiling a lot
B．was fast asleep
C．was listening carefully
D．was frightened to death
6．After seeing the words on the mobile phone，people were ________．
A．moved　　 B．sad
C．excited D．tired
7．The passage is mainly about ________．
A．a story of saving a mother and her baby
B．the disaster of a terrible earthquake
C．the great love of a mother in the earthquake
D．the rescuers' hard work after an earthquake
C
Are flash floods becoming more severe Natural disasters are generally getting worse—and that's true for floods，too．
As climate change warms the atmosphere，extreme rainfall is rising，which increases the risk of flash floods．Heavy precipitation(降水) events are predicted to increase by 2 to 3 times the historical average．The Federal Emergency Management Agency expects the nation's floodplains to expand by 45 percent by the end of this century，as the agency reported in a recent study．A study in early 2021 found that increased precipitation—resulting partially from climate change—costs the US an additional $ 2.5 billion each year in flood damage．And some studies show that flood frequency was increasing in the Mississippi River valley and across the Midwest in the last century，as well as in the Northeast over the past 50 years．
There are several steps you can take to prepare for flash floods．
First，know the level of risk by looking at flood maps．You may be required to have flood insurance if you live in a high risk area．
Pay attention to flash flood watches，which the National Weather Service issues to indicate when conditions could result in flash floods．People in these areas should be ready to take action—particularly if the NWS announces a flash flood warning．That's issued when flash floods are approaching and，at that point，people should immediately leave the area．
But be particularly careful when travelling by car．Don't drive through flooded streets—it's difficult to judge the water depth，and roadways hidden below the water can collapse．If floodwaters cause your vehicle to lose control，abandon it and seek the higher ground．Rapidly rising water can sweep the vehicle away．Know your surroundings and head to the higher ground，and listen to the radio updates when in a flood．
It's also important to develop an emergency prepared plan with your family or those you live with to have a few days' worth of resources．
8．Why does the author ask the question in Paragraph 1
A．To confirm an idea．
B．To conclude the text．
C．To introduce a topic．
D．To express some doubts．
9．How does the author support the theme of the second paragraph
A．By analysing causes．
B．By listing relevant data．
C．By describing processes．
D．By making comparisons．
10．What are the drivers especially advised to do in the text
A．Purchase insurance．
B．Look at flood maps．
C．Have an emergency plan．
D．Avoid the flooded streets．
11．Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A．What Is a Flash Flood
B．Do Flash Floods Need Controlling
C．How Do We Prepare for Flash Floods
D．Are Flash Floods Becoming More Severe
D
Earthquakes are common natural disaster．No matter where you are，knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is necessary．
Some experts propose that when you feel the ground is shaking，drop down，take cover under a desk and hold on．Most earthquake injuries are the result of being hit by something falling on you．You should stay indoors until the shaking stops．If you are outdoors，don't stay near building，trees or power lines．Many people think that in case of an earthquake，they should “get under something” like a doorway or desk，in order to avoid being hurt by falling objects．Rescue experts now say this is the wrong thing to do．For example，in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake，they found hundreds of children in schools，crushed by their desks．However，they could have survived by lying in the aisle(通道) next to their desks．
So find a nice piece of furniture，a chair，a sofa，and lie down，or curl up next to it．A falling roof may compact the furniture，but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it．This also holds true if you are in a hotel room，especially at night．Get off the bed，and lie down next to it．
In San Francisco's 1989 earthquake，the upper freeway fell on the lower one．People who drove along were crushed in their cars．But they had time to get out and lie down next to their cars．Yes，their cars were crashed，but there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and await a rescue．
Doorways and stairways are very unsafe．Stay away from those．
What can we do to keep ourselves safe Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents．
12．What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage
A．Get under buildings．
B．Stay near trees．
C．Keep calm．
D．Drop down．
13．What can we learn from Paragraph 4
A．“Get under something” can avoid being hurt．
B．Right earthquake survival tips can save life．
C．Earthquakes cause great damage．
D．Don't drive on the upper freeway during an earthquake．
14．Which of the following has the closest meaning of the underlined word “crushed” in Paragraph 2
A．Hidden． B．Protected．
C．Killed． D．Supported．
15．How can we probably get a narrow escape from an earthquake
A．Lie down next to a strong piece of furniture or a car．
B．Lie down under a table or desk．
C．Run out of the house and stay under a big tree．
D．Shout out loudly and ask for help．
第二节
阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Unlike hurricanes or floods，earthquakes happen without warning and are usually followed by similar aftershocks，although the aftershocks are usually less powerful than the quake．If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake，there's often only a short time to decide what to do． 16
Drop to the ground．The drop，cover，and hold on technique is the cousin of the famous “stop，drop and roll” for fires．While it's not the only method of protecting yourself indoors during an earthquake，it is the preferred method of the Red Cross．Big earthquakes occur without much，if any，warning． 17 A small earthquake could turn into a big earthquake in a split second; it's better to be safe than sorry．
Take cover．Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture． 18 If there isn't a table or desk near you，cover your face and head with your arms and crouch (蜷缩) in an inside corner of the building．
Hold on． 19 Hold on to whatever surface or platform you've gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop．If you were unable to find a surface to hide under，continue to keep your head protected by your arms and tucked (躲藏) down low．
20 Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe．
A．Stay inside until it's safe to get out．
B．In that case，move to the nearest safe place．
C．Stairs are dangerous places to walk during an earthquake．
D．So it's recommended that you drop to the floor as soon as it hits．
E．If possible，stay away from windows and anything that could fall．
F．The ground maybe shaking and pieces of wood or brick could be falling．
G．Studying the following advice could be the difference between life and death．
第二部分　语言运用
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On December 20，in Newdale，a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore．Worse still，it 21 thousands of deaths．Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to 22 the disaster without any loss of life．A 10 year old girl，Sabrina Andron，helped around 100 people escape danger with her 23 of tsunamis．
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach．People were walking，running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， 24 the warm sea air and enjoying the soft 25 that brushed their hair．Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something 26 ．“The water was like the bubbles (气泡) on the top of a beer，” she later explained．“It wasn't 27 ．I mean it wasn't going in and then out as usual．It just kept coming in and in and in．” It struck her that these were the 28 of an upcoming tsunami，which Sabrina had just learnt about in a geography lesson．
Sabrina was 29 ，but she soon calmed herself down．She warned her parents of the 30 ，though at first they thought she was just 31 ．However，Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was 32 and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer．To her great relief，the officer 33 realised the coming danger．Soon，all the people on the beach was rapidly 34 just before the huge waves 35 into the coast．
21．A．caused　 B．trapped
C．affected D．suffered
22．A．bury B．survive
C．challenge D．quit
23．A．knowledge B．impression
C．strength D．detail
24．A．making up B．breathing in
C．focusing on D．checking out
25．A．wind B．sunshine
C．whistle D．wave
26．A．dead B．powerful
C．strange D．attractive
27．A．narrow B．adventurous
C．clean D．calm
28．A．signs B．damages
C．types D．results
29．A．awkward B．confused
C．annoyed D．frightened
30．A．stress B．development
C．danger D．credit
31．A．cheating B．debating
C．helping D．joking
32．A．under control B．in sight
C．on its way D．on schedule
33．A．actually B．anxiously
C．quickly D．curiously
34．A．escaped B．seen
C．recognised D．cleared
35．A．slid B．crashed
C．divided D．tapped
第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For many years，human beings have been trying to conquer nature，but never succeeded．What's worse，nature has got angry．It often shows 36．________(it) power and teaches human beings different lessons in various 37．________(way)，such as earthquakes，floods，hurricanes，sandstorms，typhoons，droughts，landslides，tornadoes，and volcanoes．Any of them can cause terrible disasters．For example，on March 11，2011，38．________huge earthquake struck Japan，39．________(cause) a terrible tsunami．Many cars，ships and buildings 40．________(ruin) by a ten metre high wall of water．Thousands of people were confirmed dead．The total energy released by the quake was equivalent to the explosion of 6.7 trillion tons of TNT，41．________is about a thousand times the total power of all the world's nuclear weapons．Another event was the “huge volcanic eruption in Iceland” in 2010．It caused enormous damage to air travel across western and northern Europe because 42．________the large quantities of volcanic ash．All of these show how 43．________(power) nature is．
Compared with the great power of nature，human beings are so weak and even so helpless in face of the destruction caused by natural disasters．It would be unwise of us 44．________(fight) against or even try to conquer nature．On the contrary，we should try to learn how to live with nature 45．________(peaceful)．
第三部分　写作
第一节
假如你是李华，得知你的美国网友Kanye的家乡发生森林大火，房屋被烧毁，现住在临时避难所。请你发一封邮件慰问他，内容包括：
1．询问受灾情况，表示慰问；
2．鼓励他振作起来，重建家园。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Kanye，
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We sometimes think we can take care of things on our own．However，sometimes we need to use the strength of our groups to get things done．
Ray Drake knew this better than anyone，because he was moved to tears when he understood how good it was to have good neighbours when he needed them．
In 1989，Drake lost the use of his legs．The Iowan man did have family，though．His two older sisters were there to help him get his life back on track and deal with his new situation．The plan worked for years，and their love helped him through hard times．
In August 2020，a strong windstorm stopped everything in Iowa．There was terrible damage，and 40% of the crops in the state were lost．People lost their electricity．Businesses were a mess and homes were all broken．So many people had a hard time．
The storm caused Drake to have a specific trouble．There were broken trees all over his yard，and he couldn't move them．His sisters were also too small to clean up the trees．The three people really needed help．
After about a week，Drake's sisters decided to ask for help because the power lines were still down and people were still trying to get their lives back together．They called some of their brother's old high school friends to see if anyone had a chainsaw (链锯) they could bring over to start cutting up the fallen trees．
Doug Applegate，a friend，looked at the damage and realised that just a chainsaw wouldn't be enough to clear the fallen trees from Drake's yard and that the family would need more．He made a call for help in the area to see if anyone there could give a helping hand．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Soon，the call for help was answered．________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
The collective effort turned a seemingly impossible task into a manageable one．
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模块综合检测(二)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
B B D D B A C C B D C C
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
B C A G D E F A A B A B
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
A C D A D C D C C D B
36．its　37．ways　38．a　39．causing　40．were ruined　41．which　42．of　43．powerful　44．to fight　45．peacefully
第三部分　第一节
[参考范文]
Dear Kanye，
Hearing the news that a forest fire broke out in your hometown，I am extremely concerned and anxious to express my sincere pity and care for you．I wonder how much damage the fire has caused．With your house burnt to the ground，have you got used to staying in the temporary shelter However tough the situation is，don't lose heart! I am firmly convinced that your hometown will soon come back to life and recover its former glory．
Again，I convey my deep grief over your losses and heartfelt wishes for your safety and well being．Anyway，tomorrow will be better．
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节
[参考范文]
Soon，the call for help was answered．A group of high school students，along with neighbours from the surrounding area，volunteered to lend their strength and equipment．Upon arrival，they began to take things into their own hands．Some cut the fallen trees and removed them，and others repaired the damaged parts of the house．It was a touching sight to see these young individuals and neighbours working side by side with Doug Applegate and Drake's sisters．
The collective effort turned a seemingly impossible task into a manageable one．In only two days，the community's efforts began to pay off．The mess was cleared，home repaired，and the power restored．Drake could not believe it．He thanked all those helpful people as his eyes filled with tears．Drake's heart was touched not only by the help he received but also by the realisation that，even in the face of natural disasters，people came together to support one another．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在灾难时对人有帮助的几款应用程序。
1．B　[细节理解题。根据Siren GPS Mobile部分第二段中“But it also works on Wi Fi if cell phone networks are down after an emergency．”可知，B项“如果你的手机网络坏了，它就没用了”不是Siren GPS Mobile应用程序的特点。]
2．B　[细节理解题。根据Life360部分第一段中“The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved ones connected．”可知，如果你有Life360应用程序，你能和你社交圈里的人保持联系。]
3．D　[推理判断题。根据First Aid by American Red Cross部分第一段中“The app can also help with information to help plan for droughts，floods，storms and more．”可知，如果你想提前获得灾难的信息，最好的选择是First Aid by American Red Cross。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在地震中一位伟大的母亲用自己的身躯为孩子撑出一个庇护所的感人故事。
4．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“but it just looked strange because she was out of shape by pressure”可知，当救援人员找到这位母亲时，她已经被倒塌的房子压得变形了，失去了正常的形态。故选D项。]
5．B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He was in a deep sleep when the rescuer carried him out，and his lovely and peaceful face warmed everyone around him．”可知，当婴儿被救出时，他正在熟睡。故选B项。]
6．A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As a doctor，he experienced much of this type of separation; but at this moment，he cried．The mobile phone was passed，and every person who saw this message shed tears．”可知，看到手机上的文字后，人们被感动了。故选A项。]
7．C　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了在地震中，一位伟大的母亲用自己的身躯为孩子撑出一个庇护所的感人故事。所以本文的主题是地震中伟大的母亲。故选C项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化引起洪水频发以及洪水暴发前人们应做的抗洪准备工作。
8．C　[推理判断题。根据文章第一段和下文的内容可知，作者在第一段提出问题旨在介绍话题。故选C。]
9．B　[推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Heavy precipitation events are predicted to increase by 2 to 3 times．．．to expand by 45 percent．．．costs the US an additional $ 2.5 billion．．．over the past 50 years．”可知，作者在第二段通过列出相关数据的方法来论证自己的观点。故选B。]
10．D　[细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“Don't drive through flooded streets—it's difficult to judge the water depth，and roadways hidden below the water can collapse．”可知，作者在文中特别建议司机们在洪水暴发时不要开车穿过被洪水淹没的街道。故选D。]
11．C　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者在前两段介绍了洪水增多这一现实情况，紧接着在第三至七段重点阐述了洪水暴发前人们应做哪些准备。由此判断C项“我们如何应对洪水暴发？”最能够概括本文主旨。故选C。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何在地震中保护自己和家人。
12．C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents．”可知，根据这篇文章，当事故发生时，你应该首先保持冷静，故选C。]
13．B　[细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，正确的地震求生技巧可以拯救生命，故选B。]
14．C　[词义猜测题。根据第二段的“However，they could have survived by lying in the aisle next to their desks．”可知，那些躲在课桌下的孩子被压死了，因此crushed意为“killed”，故选C。]
15．A　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“So find a nice piece of furniture．．．A falling roof may compact the furniture，but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it．”和倒数第三段的“Yes，their cars were crashed，but there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and await a rescue．”可知，在一件结实的家具或一辆汽车旁边躺下可以使我们从地震中死里逃生，故选A。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了几条如何应对地震的建议。
16．G　[上文“If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake，there's often only a short time to decide what to do．”说明在地震中，决定该做什么的时间很短，G项“研究以下建议可能是生与死的区别。”承接上文，引出下文内容，符合题意。]
17．D　[本段标题句“Drop to the ground．”说明本段给出的建议是卧倒在地，D项中drop to the floor是关键短语，D项“所以建议地震一发生你就卧倒在地。”符合本段主旨。故选D。]
18．E　[本段标题句“Take cover．”说明本段给出的建议是躲起来，以及上文“Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture．”说明躲起来时应注意的事项，E项“如果可能的话，远离窗户和任何可能坠落的物体。”继续介绍躲起来时的注意事项，符合题意。]
19．F　[下文“Hold on to whatever surface or platform you've gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop．”说明要待在相对安全的地方，等待震动停止，F项“地面可能会晃动，木块或砖块可能会掉落。”解释下文动作的原因，符合题意。]
20．A　[下文“Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe．”说明大多数伤害发生在人们试图改变躲藏的地点或者每个人都想出去时，A项“待在里面，直到出去是安全的。”说明在确认安全之前待在里面，引出下文内容，符合题意。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小女孩Sabrina Andron用自己了解的海啸知识帮助100多人逃离危险的故事。
21．A　[根据上文“a series of huge waves”和下文“thousands of deaths”可推知，海啸导致数千人死亡。故选A。]
22．B　[根据下文“without any loss of life”可知，Goldshore海滩的游客在灾难中幸存。故选B。]
23．A　[根据下文“It struck her that these were the of an upcoming tsunami，which Sabrina had just learnt about in a geography lesson．”可知，Sabrina Andron用她学到的海啸知识帮助了大约100人逃离危险。故选A。]
24．B　[根据下文“the warm sea air”可知，人们在沙滩上呼吸着温暖的海风。故选B。]
25．A　[根据下文“that brushed their hair”可知，沙滩上轻柔的微风吹拂着头发。故选A。]
26．C　[根据下文的解释可知，Sabrina在海滩上注意到一些奇怪的事情。故选C。]
27．D　[根据上文“The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer”和下文“It just kept coming in and in and in．”可知，泡沫不断涌出，说明海水并不平静。故选D。]
28．A　[根据上文“It just kept coming in and in and in．”和下文“an upcoming tsunami，which Sabrina had just learnt about in a geography lesson”可推知，Sabrina意识到奇怪的事情是海啸即将到来的迹象。故选A。]
29．D　[根据下文“but she soon calmed herself down”可知，上下文有转折关系，说明Sabrina开始感到很害怕，但很快镇定了下来。故选D。]
30．C　[根据上文“warned her parents”可知，Sabrina警告父母海啸来临的危险。故选C。]
31．D　[根据下文“However，Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was
and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer．”可推知，父母以为Sabrina是开玩笑，所以Sabrina才会不断要求她的父母与安全官员谈谈。故选D。]
32．C　[根据下文“kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer”和“To her great relief，the officer realised the coming danger．”可推知，Sabrina确信海啸即将来临，所以坚持父母与安全官员谈谈。故选C。]
33．C　[根据上文“To her great relief”可知，安全官员立刻意识到危险，赞同她的说法，所以Sabrina感到宽慰。故选C。]
34．D 　[根据上文“To her great relief，the officer realised the coming danger．”和常识可知，知道了海啸即将来临，会尽快清空海滩上的人们。故选D。]
35．B　[根据上文“the huge waves”可知，海啸造成的巨浪会撞击海岸。故选B。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了历史上比较严重的两次自然灾害。
36．its　[考查物主代词。根据语境可知，空格处意为“它的”，用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词power。]
37．ways　[考查名词复数。空前有various，空格处用复数名词，故填ways。]
38．a　[考查冠词。earthquake是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，huge是辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a。]
39．causing　[考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是struck，空格处用非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，用动词 ing形式作结果状语，故填causing。]
40．were ruined　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Many cars，ships and buildings与ruin之间是被动关系，句子用被动语态，句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态。故填were ruined。]
41．which　[考查定语从句。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词the explosion of 6.7 trillion tons of TNT是物，因此空格处用关系代词which。]
42．of　[考查固定短语。the large quantities of volcanic ash是名词性短语，because of后跟名词或名词性短语，因此空格处填of。]
43．powerful　[考查词性转换。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词nature。故填powerful。]
44．to fight　[考查不定式。It is unwise of sb．to do sth．是固定句型，意为“某人做某事是不明智的”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，故填to fight。]
45．peacefully　[考查词性转换。空格处用副词修饰动词live意为“和平地”，故填peacefully。]
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