(共90张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4 单元检测卷
第一部分
第二部分
第三部分
第四部分
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
3
4
第一部分
较易题(占比40%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比10%)
时间：120分钟 满分：150分
题型 听力 阅读 七选五 完形 填空 语法填空 应用文写作 读后
续写
A B C D
难度 ★ ★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★★ ★★★
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
Text 1
1．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Professor and assistant.
B．Teacher and student.
C．Manager and secretary.
W：Excuse me. I'm having trouble hearing at the back of the room. Did you say that your assistant would correct the final exams
M：No, I said that he would collect them. I'll grade them myself.
Text 2
2．When will the tournament start
A．August 3rd.
B．August 13th.
C．August 14th.
M：When will our tournament begin
W：Carlos told me it is August 3rd, but the notice says it is August 13th. Carlos was wrong.
Text 3
3．Why does the teacher ask the students to hand in the lesson
A．For practice.
B．To grade it.
C．To complete the task.
W：I'd like everyone to hand in the lesson tomorrow.
M：Are you going to grade it or is this one just for practice
W：I'll grade it for sure.
Text 4
4．What kind of gift does his friend like
A．Expensive.
B．Cheap.
C．Easy to take.
M：Today is my friend's birthday and I'd like to get her a gift.
W：What kind of gift is she interested in
M：A nice small gift that can be taken easily.
Text 5
5．How does the man feel about the class
A．He wishes the teacher would explain more.
B．He doesn't make sense of what the teacher said.
C．He thinks the teacher explains too little.
W：How are you getting on with your classes
M：Too bad. It seems that the more explanation the teacher gives, the more puzzled I am.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
Text 6
M：Are you Spanish
W：Why Yes. How do you know
M：I can tell by your accent.
W：Well. My family comes from Spain. I did not learn to speak anything but Spanish until I was twenty.
M：But your English is perfect.
W：That's correct. I began to live in Canada after I left Spain at the age of twenty.
M：Then you came to China from Canada.
W：That's right. In China I learn to speak Chinese.
6．How does the man know that the woman is Spanish
A．By her dress. B．By her hairstyle.
C．By her accent.
7．When did the woman begin to live in Canada
A．At the age of twenty.
B．At the age of twelve.
C．At the age of twenty five.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
Text 7
W：Morning, Peter. Nice suit! A new one
M：Oh, yes. My wife bought it for me yesterday. Hmm, you look nice in that yellow dress. Yellow suits you really well.
W：Maybe. Several people also have suggested that I get more yellow clothes. They say the color suits me because of my skin.
M：That's right. You know, pink, green and black could also be good for you. Actually, I think all colors are okay for a person like you. Different colors can give people different impressions. For example, black could make you look mature, while pink could make you look young and energetic.
W：It's kind of you to say so. It sounds like you're a clothing expert.
M：Well, compared with my wife, I'm just a beginner.
8．What do several people advise the woman to do
A．Get more yellow clothes.
B．Buy a new shirt for Peter.
C．Try clothes of different colors.
9．What color makes the woman young and energetic
A．Yellow. B．Pink.
C．Black.
10．Who is really an expert in clothing
A．Peter. B．The woman.
C．Peter's wife.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
Text 8
M：Well, I often have a sleep during the day.
W：You do Where
M：Uh, sometimes I sleep here in the library.
W：Right here No way! How do you do that
M：Well, if I'm really tired, I find a quiet desk, and I just put my head on my books and go to sleep. I usually sleep for an hour.
W：Are you serious Do you wake up in time for class
M：Yeah, I have an alarm clock.
W：An alarm clock In the library You're kidding!
M：It doesn't ring, so it doesn't make any noise.
W：Oh, that's good. Anyway, can I ask you a question about our maths homework I don't really understand this problem ... Where is it Oh, here it is. Yeah. Adam Adam
11．What does the woman think of the man's behavior
A．Impolite. B．Disgusting.
C．Unbelievable.
12．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Classmates. B．Workmates.
C．Teacher and student.
13．What do we know about the man
A．He does well in maths.
B．He may fall asleep in the end.
C．He is often late for class.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
Text 9
W：Why weren't you at the German class last night, Tom Have you given up
M：Well, no ... I came back late yesterday and found John sleeping in the chair. He'd been writing reports all day long and he was too tired to go out again, so we gave the lesson a miss.
W：You have missed quite a lot of the lessons lately, haven't you Are you losing interest
M：Yes, I'm afraid so. Neither John nor I have a gift for languages. People just laugh at us when we attempt to speak German. How did you and Jane pick it up so quickly and easily You've hardly been in Germany for a month.
W：It was neither quick nor easy. We'd both studied the language before we came, and we only needed to revise it.
M：Anyway, all our friends here speak English very well, so we don't really need to learn German.
14．What is the man studying
A．Writing. B．English.
C．German.
15．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Teacher and student.
B．Classmates.
C．Mother and son.
16．Why didn't the man come to the class
A．He had been writing reports all day long.
B．He had given it up.
C．He came back late and his friend was tired.
17．What do we know about the man
A．He is from an English speaking country.
B．He is interested in learning foreign languages.
C．He had studied the languages before he came.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
Text 10
Today we visit one of America's great national parks. It is a place of strange and silent beauty. As beautiful as this place is, its name provides evidence of very real danger. Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes. There are mountains that reach more than three thousand meters into the sky.
The air temperature during the summer has been as high as fifty－seven degrees Celsius. The sun can heat the ground so that the temperature of the rocks and soil can be as high as seventy－four degrees Celsius.
The extreme heat of Death Valley has killed people in the past. It will continue to kill those who do not honor this extreme climate. Death Valley does not forgive those who are not careful. Death
Valley is a good example of the violence of nature. It contains evidence of several ancient volcanoes that caused huge explosions. Evidence of one of these explosions is called Ubehebe Crater. The explosion left a huge hole in the ground almost a kilometer and a half wide.
Death Valley is a huge place. It extends more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of the state of California, and across the border with the state of Nevada. Death Valley is part of the Great Mojave Desert.
18．What's the passage mainly about
A．The beauty of Death Valley.
B．Introduction of Death Valley.
C．How Death Valley forms.
19．What can we learn from the passage
A．No one dares to visit Death Valley in summer.
B．Extreme weather seldom strikes Death Valley.
C．There used to be signs of volcanoes‘ explosions.
20．Which direction does Death Valley lie in the state of California
A．South. B．North.
C．West.
第二部分
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Make Space in Your Summer for Free Fun
You don't have to go to the moon to meet an astronaut; You can do it at the Air and Space Museum on July 16.
Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937. But she'll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16—the museum's first Family Day of the season—to tell you all about her adventures. (Okay, it's actually an actress pretending to be Earhart.) NASA astronaut Patrick Forrester will be there to answer your questions, e and learn how space exploration changed the world.
Another Family Day event takes place on July 25. At “Discover the Moon Day！” you can steer (驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet), examine meteorites (陨石) that were found on the moon, see the capsule (太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3 D glasses.
You can create lunar art and take a moon quiz. We'll give you one example: July 20, 1969. Do you know what happened that day
National Air and Space Museum
Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW
Open daily 10 am to 7：30 pm through September 1 (with a few early closings at 5：30 pm; visit our website for details)．
Family Day programmes are from 10 am to 3 pm.
Information specialists are available Monday through Friday from 9 am to 5 pm and Saturday from 9 am to 4 pm. All ages, but best for age 7 and older.
For more information, call 202－633－2214 or go www.airandspace.si.edu.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天博物馆活动的相关信息。
21．What can museum visitors do on July 16
A．Create lunar art.
B．Step into an unusual capsule.
C．Learn about a missing woman pilot's life.
D．See a movie about Earhart's adventures.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart ... about her adventures.(1937年，先驱飞行员阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特在环球飞行中失踪。但她将于7月16日，也就是博物馆本季的第一个家庭日，来到国家航空航天博物馆，向你讲述她的冒险经历。)”可知，7月16日，博物馆游客可以了解一名失踪女飞行员的经历。故选C。
22．What do we know about “Discover the Moon Day！”？
A．It includes a moon quiz competition.
B．It's the first Family Day at the museum.
C．It features a famous astronaut's explanations.
D．It gives people first hand experience of space.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At ‘Discover the Moon Day！’ ... the lunar surface using 3 D glasses.(在‘发现月球日’，你可以驾驶机器人漫游车(一种用于探索行星表面的工具)，检查在月球上发现的陨石，观看阿波罗11号宇航员往返月球时乘坐的太空舱，并使用3D眼镜观看月球表面的照片。)”可知，该活动给人们提供亲身体验太空的机会。故选D。
23．What's the closing time for the Family Day programmes
A．3 pm. B．4 pm.
C．5：30 pm. D．7：30 pm.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，家庭日活动于下午3时结束。故选A。
B
Katherine Johnson was the most recognized of the African American “human computers”， and she was a NASA female mathematician who calculated (计算) trajectories for early space flights—from the 1930s until the 1980s.
Born in 1918, in the little town of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, Katherine Johnson was simply attracted by numbers. As a child, she counted everything. She counted the steps on the road, the steps up to school, the number of dishes she washed. By the time she was 10 years old, she had been a high school freshman, which was truly amazing in a time when school for African Americans normally stopped at eighth grade. To realize her math potential, her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute, West Virginia, where
blacks could continue high school education. Katherine's excellent performance proved her father's decision was the right one：Teachers allowed Katherine to skip several grades to graduate from high school at 14 and from college at 18, majoring in mathematics, as the top student of the historically black West Virginia State College in Institute.
In 1953, after years as a teacher and later as a stay at home mom, she began working for NASA, which began hiring women to measure and calculate the results of wind tunnel tests in 1935. In a time before the electronic computers, these women were called “computer”. Even after NASA began using electronic computers, the astronaut John Glenn requested that she should personally recheck the calculations made by the new electronic computers before his flight.
She continued to work at NASA until her retirement in 1986. Her calculations proved important to the success of the Apollo lunar landing program and the United States journey into space. Her story was the basis for the 2016 film Hidden Figures.
Katherine Johnson, a great mathematician, physicist, space scientist and the last “computer” who wore skirts, passed away on February 24, 2020.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Katherine Johnson (凯瑟琳·约翰逊)凭借自己的数学头脑为美国航空航天局作出了重要贡献。
24．What can we learn about Katherine from Paragraph 2
A．She left school at eighth grade.
B．She skipped grades in college.
C．She went to high school at 14.
D．She was gifted in math as a child.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As a child, she counted everything.”以及“To realize her math potential ... high school education.”可知， Katherine Johnson小时候在数学方面很有天赋。故选D。
25．How long did Katherine work at NASA
A．For 18 years. B．For 33 years.
C．For 51 years. D．For 67 years.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 1953 ... working for NASA”以及第四段中的“She continued to work at NASA until her retirement in 1986.”可知，Katherine Johnson在1953年开始为美国航空航天局工作，1986年退休，因此她在美国航空航天局工作了33年。故选B。
26．Why was Katherine called “computer” in NASA
A．She played the role of a computer.
B．She calculated as fast as computers.
C．She was in charge of the computers.
D．She was skilled in operating computers.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“she began working for NASA ... were called ‘computer’”可知，Katherine在美国航空航天局负责测算风洞试验的结果，担任计算机的角色。故选A。
27．What's the best title for the text
A．Female scientists at NASA
B．A great female mathematician's decision
C．Katherine Johnson, a “computer” who wore skirts
D．Katherine Johnson's great educational background
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Katherine Johnson凭借自己的数学头脑为美国航空航天局作出重要贡献的故事，并结合最后一段(Katherine Johnson于2020年2月24日去世，她是一位伟大的数学家、物理学家、太空科学家，也是最后一位穿着裙子的“计算机”。)可知，C项(Katherine Johnson，一个穿着裙子的“计算机”)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
C
Scientists have already established from multiple studies that Mars contains large amounts of water. Most of the water exists in the form of ice. Chinese researchers say they have built an artificial intelligence (AI) robot that can use materials found on Mars to produce catalysts (催化剂) to break down water and release oxygen. It could be another way for space travelers in the future to make much needed oxygen on Mars.
Experiments were carried out on meteorites that either came from Mars or contained materials similar to the Martian surface. The “robot chemist” first used an acid and chemical mixture to separate and examine materials contained in the meteorites. It identified several different metallic elements and then worked to identify different molecules (分子) that could be produced from meteorite materials. The system found more than 3.7 million possible molecule combinations. The robot used that data to predict which catalysts would be able to split water molecules to produce oxygen. The catalyst chosen as the best fit was able to operate at minus 37 degrees Celsius. This temperature is similar to current conditions on Mars.
The study's lead writer, Jun Jiang, said that as a boy, he often dreamed of being able to one day travel in space. “So when we finally saw that the catalysts made by the robot could actually produce oxygen by splitting water molecules, I felt like my dream was coming true. I even started to imagine that I, myself, will live on Mars in the future.”
A report explaining the study's results notes Jiang suggests that for every square meter of Martian material, his group's system could produce nearly 60 grams of oxygen per hour. The researchers say this level of production could remove the need for future astronauts to transport oxygen from Earth. “The robot can work continuously for years，” Jiang said.
Jiang said, “It could also be used to produce other useful catalysts on Mars. This could include processes for making substances to support the growth of plants that could be used to produce food for astronauts. Different chemicals can be made by this robot. Mars might also not be the only place where it could find other uses, suggesting the moon as another possibility.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家已经从多项研究中证实火星含有大量的水，且大多数水以冰的形式存在。中国研究人员已经制造了一种人工智能机器人，可以利用火星上发现的材料来生产催化剂，以分解水并释放氧气。
28．What do Chinese scientists use AI robots to do in the research
A．To collect water data from Mars.
B．To produce oxygen from water on Mars.
C．To explore the ice coverage on Mars.
D．To assist humans in settling down on Mars.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，中国科学家在研究中使用人工智能机器人从火星上的水中产生氧气。故选B。
29．Which aspect of the research does Paragraph 2 focus on
A．Its process. B．Its scale.
C．Its result. D．Its effect.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，科学家对来自火星或含有与火星表面相似物质的陨石进行了实验，并讲述了实验过程，由此可知，本段讲述了研究的过程。故选A。
30．Why does the author mention Jiang's dream
A．To explain the chemical reaction.
B．To advocate space travel.
C．To prove the success of the study.
D．To show the future life on Mars.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“So when we finally saw ... Mars in the future. (所以当我们最终看到机器人制造的催化剂实际上可以通过分裂水分子产生氧气时，我觉得我的梦想就要实现了。我甚至开始想象我自己将来会在火星上生活。)”可推知，作者提到蒋的梦想是为了证明这些研究是成功的。故选C。
31．What does Jiang stress in the last paragraph
A．The substances for growing plants on Mars.
B．The existence of oxygen on the moon.
C．The possible discovery of chemicals on Mars.
D．The potential application of AI robots.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，蒋认为机器人也可以用来在火星上生产其他有用的催化剂，用来辅助为宇航员生产食物，还可以制造不同的化学品。由此可推知，蒋在最后一段强调了人工智能机器人的潜在应用。故选D。
D
The idea for China's space program was put forward in 1956 by Qian Xuesen, a pioneer in Chinese rocket science. Following full preparation, the manned Shenzhou program began in 1992, and in 2003, the first Chinese astronaut, Yang Liwei, took adventure into space. In 2007, the lunar orbiter Chang'e 1 was launched, followed by the experimental manned space station Tiangong 1 in 2011.
In 2019, Chang'e 4 achieved a soft landing on the lunar far side, marking the first successful soft landing by humans in that area. A “soft” landing is one where the spacecraft lands in a controlled way, and gets no damage. Twelve hours later, the small Yutu 2 was let go. To understand why Chang'e 4's soft landing was such an achievement, consider the difficulty of any space mission, especially one to the far side of the moon. While the far side of the moon is often called the dark side of the moon, it is not really dark.
The main challenge of landing on the moon's far side is communication, as there is no direct line of sight to Earth, making radio communication with spacecraft there typically impossible. Chinese engineers designed a unique solution to this problem. Before Chang'e 4's mission, they sent the Queqiao communications satellite into space. When engineers needed to communicate with Chang'e 4 and Yutu 2, they could send radio messages to Queqiao. The messages would then be sent from the satellite down to the Lander. This allowed for contact between Earth and the far side of the moon.
One of Chang'e 4's experiments aimed to test a closed ecological (生态的) system, important for space missions. In this system, plants produce food and oxygen for fruit flies, while the fruit flies produce CO2 for the plants. This experiment worked for nine days, but it had to be stopped when the temperatures dropped below －52 ℃.
China's space program has achieved significant milestones, from the manned Shenzhou program to the successful soft landing of Chang'e 4 on the lunar far side. These achievements reflect China's growing progress in space exploration.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的太空计划经历了载人航天、月球探测等重大里程。嫦娥四号成功软着陆月球背面，通过鹊桥中继卫星解决了通信难题，并测试了封闭生态系统。
32．Why was the Chang'e 4's soft landing on the lunar far side important
A．It found evidence of water on the moon.
B．It discovered a new type of rock formation.
C．It established an everlasting base for future missions.
D．It marked a significant milestone in China's space exploration.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 2019, Chang'e 4 achieved ... in that area.”可知，嫦娥四号在月球背面的软着陆是中国在太空探索方面的一个重要里程碑。故选D。
33．How did Chinese engineers solve the communication problem with Chang'e 4
A．They used a special radio wave.
B．They set up large equipment on the moon.
C．They used a network of ground based stations.
D．They sent a communications satellite into space.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The main challenge of landing ... into space.”可知，中国工程师为了解决与嫦娥四号的通信问题，向太空发射了一颗通信卫星。故选D。
34．What challenge did the closed ecological system experiment face
A．Lack of sunlight.
B．Equipment failure.
C．Extreme temperatures.
D．Shortage of oxygen supply.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This experiment worked for nine days, but it had to be stopped when the temperatures dropped below －52 ℃.(这个实验运行了九天，但是当温度降至零下52 ℃时，不得不终止。)”可知，封闭生态系统实验面临着极端温度的挑战。故选C。
35．What is the author's attitude to China's achievements in space exploration
A．Positive. B．Indifferent.
C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，中国的航天计划已经取得了重大里程碑式的成就，从载人神舟计划到嫦娥四号在月球背面的成功软着陆。这些成就彰显了中国在太空探索领域日益增长的进步。由此可推知，作者对中国在太空探索方面取得的成就持积极态度。故选A。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hotels orbit Saturn's pale orange moon, Titan. Cruise ships roam the docking stations like fish. Have you ever imagined making this future space travel in the fiction films a reality __36__
Large companies and entire governments have teamed up to make space travel and exploration easier and quicker. Several countries are planning space missions. Some aim to build stations orbiting the moon. __37__ Eventually, they maybe build settlements there!
Yet no human has traveled beyond Earth's orbit since 1972. Money is part of the problem. To put a pound of anything in space costs about $10，000. Consider that the old NASA space shuttles carried 2.2 million pounds (998，000 kg) of fuel alone. Once in space, we face the problem of enormous space. Current technology and fuels can propel spacecraft at around 36，000 miles (58，000 km) per hour. __38__ Therefore, human astronauts need some sort of new engine technology. Without it, they would not likely live long enough to complete journeys to other worlds.
__39__ Some human astronauts live and work in the International Space Station (ISS). They're in small spaces far from home. They suffer mentally and emotionally. Moods sour. Depression kicks in. Clear thinking muddies. Fear runs high.
Accessing fresh food is another issue. Today, astronauts eat lots of freeze dried meals.
__40__ We need those to be healthy. Of course, space doesn't have grocery stores. Deep space travelers may need to grow food on board. Unfortunately, good nutrition cannot fully protect an astronaut. All that time spent floating affects bones, muscles, and the blood. The body suffers damage from radiation streaming from stars and supernovas.
A．Others intend to land humans on Mars.
B．Freezing food reduces its vitamins and minerals.
C．Even if a trip fit within a lifetime, it wouldn't be easy.
D．In some ways, we are on the edge of this imagined future.
E．Frozen food cannot provide them with enough good nutrition.
F．With that amazing speed, spacecrafts would carry astronauts to other worlds.
G．Even at that speed, it would take 78，000 years to reach the nearest star system.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了太空旅行正在成为现实，大公司和整个政府已经联手使太空旅行和探索更容易、更快捷，但是其中仍然存在一些挑战和问题。
36．答案：D
解析：根据上文“Hotels orbit Saturn's ... fiction films a reality？(酒店围绕着土星的淡橙色卫星土卫六运行。游轮像鱼儿一样在码头游荡。你有没有想过把科幻电影里的未来太空旅行变成现实？)”可知，D项(在某些方面，我们正处于这种想象未来的边缘。)承接上文。故选D。
37．答案：A
解析：上文“Large companies and entire governments ... build stations orbiting the moon.”提到了一些国家的目标。A项(另一些打算把人类送上火星。)承接上文，其中的Others与上文中的Some相呼应。故选A。
38．答案：G
解析：根据上文“Current technology and fuels can propel spacecraft at around 36，000 miles (58，000 km) per hour.(目前的技术和燃料可以推动航天器以每小时36，000英里(58，000公里)的速度飞行。)”可知，G项(即使以这样的速度，也需要78，000年才能到达最近的星系。)承接上文。故选G。
39．答案：C
解析：根据下文内容可知，本段主要说明了太空旅行的不易之处。C项(即使一生只有一次旅行，也不容易。)引出下文。故选C。
40．答案：B
解析：根据下文“We need those to be healthy.”可知，设空处主要说明保持健康所需的物质是什么，B项(冷冻食物会减少食物中的维生素和矿物质。)符合语境，其中的vitamins and minerals对应下文中的those。故选B。
第三部分
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It took humans thousands of years to understand our own planet, and centuries __41__ our neighboring planets. Nowadays, new worlds are being __42__ every week.
Up to the present time, astronomers have __43__ more than 370 “exoplanets”—planets orbiting (绕……运动) outer space stars other than our sun. There is a “hot Saturn (土星)” 260 light－years from Earth that orbits its parent star so __44__ that a year there lasts less than three days. __45__ another star 150 light years out is a burning “hot
Jupiter (木星)”， where upper atmosphere is being burning to form a huge comet like tail. Astronomers have found another three __46__ orbiting a pulsar (脉冲星)—the remains of a once huge star shrinking into a small atomic nucleus the __47__ of a city. Some planets have obviously fallen into their suns. Others have been thrown out of their __48__ to become “floaters” that float in the darkness of the universe.
Among all these, scientists are eager to find a clue of the __49__： planets like the Earth. That is, planets orbiting their stars at just the right distance—neither too hot nor too cold—to __50__ life as we know it. We have not yet found planets that are quite like our own, __51__ because they're inconspicuous (不起眼的). To see a planet as __52__ and slim as ours among the brightness of its star is like trying to see a firefly in a fireworks
display. __53__ by pushing technology to the __54__， astronomers are rapidly approaching the day when they can find another Earth. And when they do, they can examine it for __55__ of life.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了除地球之外的其他“系外行星”，并介绍了人类为了寻找与地球相似的行星所做出的努力。
41．A.explore B．separate
C．forget D．Defend
42．A.revised B．discovered
C．saved D．created
解析：句意：人类花了数千年的时间才了解了我们自己的星球，并花了数百年的时间探索我们邻近的星球。explore探索；separate分离；forget忘记；defend保卫。故选A。
解析：revise修改，复习；discover发现；save拯救；create创造。根据上文“new worlds are being”可知，此处指新的世界正在被发现。故选B。
43．A.travelled B．damaged
C．recognized D．Ignored
44．A.slowly B．easily
C．wrongly D．rapidly
解析：travel旅行；damage损坏；recognize认出，识别；ignore忽视。根据下文“hot Saturn (土星)”和“hot Jupiter (木星)”可知，此处指天文学家已经识别了370多颗“系外行星”。故选C。
解析：slowly缓慢地；easily容易地；wrongly错误地；rapidly迅速地，很快地。根据下文“a year there lasts less than three days”可知，在“热土星”一年的持续时间不到三天，由此可知，“热土星”绕其母星运行的速度是很快的。故选D。
45．A.Removing B．Circling
C．Lighting D．Showing
解析：句意：环绕150光年外的另一颗恒星移动的是一颗燃烧的“热木星”，在那里上层大气正在燃烧，形成一个巨大的彗星状尾巴。remove移动；circle环绕……移动；light点燃；show展示。故选B。
46．A.stars B．moons
C．planets D．satellites
解析：根据上文“exoplanets”可知，本段介绍的是“系外行星”，由此可知，此处指另外三颗围绕脉冲星运行的行星。故选C。
47．A.type B．distance
C．power D．Size
48．A.authorities B．species
C．systems D．facilities
解析：上文“a once huge star”描述恒星的尺寸，由此可知，此处指缩小成一个城市大小的小原子核。故选D。
解析：authority权力，权威；species物种；system体系，系统；facility设施。根据下文“to become ‘floaters’ that float in the darkness of the universe”可知，此处指其他行星被赶出了它们所在的星系。故选C。
49．A.familiar B．previous
C．unknown D．Distant
50．A.hide B．discover
C．injure D．support
解析：familiar熟悉的；previous以前的；unknown未知的；distant遥远的。根据下文“planets like the Earth”可知，找到像地球这样的行星对我们来说应是一条熟悉的线索。故选A。
解析：hide隐藏；discover发现；injure伤害；support支持。根据上文“neither too hot nor too cold”可知，既不太热也不太冷的条件应是支持人类生存的。故选D。
51．A.luckily B．instantly
C．probably D．Officially
52．A.small B．bright
C．blue D．clear
解析：句意：我们还没有发现与我们自己的行星非常相似的行星，可能是因为它们不起眼。 luckily幸运的是；instantly立即；马上；probably可能；或许；officially官方地。故选C。
解析：small小的；bright明亮的；blue蓝色的；clear清楚的。根据下文“a firefly in a fireworks display”可知，在烟花表演中的萤火虫是小的，由此可知，此处指小的行星。故选A。
53．A.And B．Yet
C．So D．Thus
54．A.limits B．ends
C．opposites D．beginnings
解析：上文提到我们还没有发现与我们自己的行星非常相似的行星，下文提到天文学家正在迅速接近找到另一个地球的那一天，上下文表示转折。故选B。
解析：句意：然而，通过将技术推向极限，天文学家正在迅速接近找到另一个地球的那一天。limit限制，极限；end结尾；opposite对立面；beginning开端。故选A。
55．A.examples B．designs
C．means D．signs
解析：example例子；design设计；means方法；sign迹象。根据上文内容可知，天文学家正在寻找与地球相似的星球，由此可知，他们要调查那些星球是否有生命迹象。故选D。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The survival needs of astronauts in space depend on the amount of time in space. For short missions, they require __56__ (protect) against the cold temperatures and solar glare. These needs are __57__ (particular) pressing during spacewalks, when astronauts are outside their ships. Spacesuits are protective suits with oxygen tanks, active fingertip heaters and other protective __58__ (measure).
There are many risks in space, not all of which can __59__ (avoid). Anything in space has a small but real risk of being struck by a tiny shooting star __60__ (travel) thousands of miles per hour, which would destroy any materials currently __61__ (use)
then. This is more of a risk the further a ship gets from earth. Another risk __62__ increases with distance is radiation (辐射). The Earth's atmosphere protects against many forms of radiation. Current technologies do not do much to deal __63__ this risk, which accumulates the longer astronauts are in space.
Another long term risk of space travel is bone __64__ muscle degradation (退化) from weightlessness. Astronauts do exercises __65__ (help) reduce the bad effects, but these are only partially effective. Future technologies may be more effective to reduce this risk.
56.__________ 57.________ 58.________ 59.________ 60.________
61.__________ 62.________ 63.________ 64.________ 65.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宇航员在太空中可能遇到的危险。
56．答案：protection
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作require的宾语，应用不可数名词protection。故填 protection。
57．答案：particularly
解析：考查词性转换。句意：当宇航员在飞船外进行太空行走时，这些需求尤其紧迫。设空处修饰形容词pressing，应用副词particularly。故填particularly。
58．答案：measures
解析：考查名词。句意：太空服是带有氧气罐、主动指尖加热器和其他保护措施的防护服。other后接可数名词复数。故填measures。
59．答案：be avoided
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。which指代前面的risks，与avoid之间为被动关系，且情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填be avoided。
60．答案：travel(l)ing
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处travel与shooting star为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填travel(l)ing。
61．答案：being used
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处use与materials为被动关系，应用being done形式作后置定语，表示正在进行。故填being used。
62．答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词risk，关系词在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。
63．答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意：目前的技术在应对这种风险方面做得并不多，宇航员在太空中的时间越长，这种风险就越高。deal with意为“处理”，为固定短语。故填 with。
64．答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：太空旅行的另一个长期风险是失重导致骨骼和肌肉退化。此处bone与muscle为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填 and。
65．答案：to help
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：宇航员通过锻炼来帮助减少不良影响，但这些只是部分有效。设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填 to help。
第四部分
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华，你校英文报正在征稿，拟给天宫太空站(Tiangong Space Station)的宇航员们写一封信。你准备向校英文报投稿，要点如下：
1．对他们在航天事业中取得的成就感到骄傲；
2．询问太空站上的生活和工作情况；
3．表达关心和祝福。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear astronauts,
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear astronauts，
I'm writing with great excitement to tell you how proud I am of your remarkable achievements in China's space science and technology.
I'm much curious about your life and work in Tiangong Space Station, and I'd like to ask you some questions. Have you adapted to the weightless environment If you miss your families, is it possible for you to make video calls on a regular basis Additionally, I cannot help admiring your pioneering work, wondering what it takes to be a qualified astronaut.
Wish you a successful mission and a comfortable journey!
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Dream for Future
People were busy in their own laboratories in the Mars. Turtex told me, “Let us go to the Earth to have a cup of coffee.”
I laughed for such a childish joke and I also jokingly asked him, “Is there no coffee shop in the Mars？”
He replied, “It has but they can't prepare coffee as tasty as that on the Earth.”
However, for a while I thought it would be better to take a cup of tasty coffee from Ramu's Coffee Shop located at our village, Kushmandi.
Turtex told me to enter a room near his laboratory. We entered there and found that the room was internally coated with some materials like sponge. Turtex closed the door of the room with a clap. I saw some colourful buttons inside the room. After a few seconds I heard another clap and noticed that the door opened.
Turtex said, “Come with me.”
I asked, “Where？”
He replied, “Now we are at Kushmandi.”
I shouted, “What？”
We came out of the room and I astonishingly viewed the skyscrapers around me. Turtex said loudly, “What's wrong with you Come with me.”
Eventually we entered a coffee club designed like a Five Star Restaurant. Suddenly I noticed a display board with an electronic text on, “Welcome to Kushmandi. Now you are in famous Ramu's Coffee Shop. Enjoy the taste of the best coffee on the Earth.”
Suddenly many hazy and crazy questions came to my mind.
“What was the nearby room of the lab How was it possible to travel an enormous distance from the Mars to the Earth Is it like opening my favourite TV channel with a remote How the poor coffee stall of our village turned into a Five Star Coffee Club In which century were we？”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Thinking such hazy things, I followed Turtex into the coffee club.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
The waiter brought us two cups of coffee and left.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和朋友Turtex(图特斯)在火星上忽然想要喝地球上家乡的咖啡，他们回到地球，发现家乡的咖啡摊位已经变成了五星级咖啡俱乐部。作者和Turtex喝到咖啡了吗？梦醒后作者发现自己躺在医院，发生了什么事？
[精彩范文]
Thinking such hazy things, I followed Turtex into the coffee club. The delicious smell of coffee rushed into my nose. Oh, my loveable tasty coffee. How eager I was to have a cup of it at once! “Come here，” Turtex said. Still absorbed in those hazy questions, I followed Turtex and sat beside a table, which was coated with strange materials, waiting to enjoy the best coffee on the Earth.
The waiter brought us two cups of coffee and left. Impatiently I took it and took a sip. “Oh, my gosh.” It was so hot that it seemed that my mouth got burnt. But then I heard a hair cutting sound. I slowly opened my eyes and found that a nurse was cutting my hair and putting them into a tray beside my bed and telling me, “Nothing serious. It needs just two stitches on your forehead and you will be OK within a week.” I finally realized that it was our village hospital at Kushmandi that I was in, not at the coffee club.英语 必修 第三册 RJ
UNIT 4 单元检测卷
时间：120分钟 满分：150分
较易题(占比40%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比10%)
题型 听力 阅读 七选五 完形填空 语法填空 应用文写作 读后续写
A B C D
难度 ★ ★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★★ ★★★
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
扫一扫·听录音
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Professor and assistant.
B．Teacher and student.
C．Manager and secretary.
2．When will the tournament start
A．August 3rd.
B．August 13th.
C．August 14th.
3．Why does the teacher ask the students to hand in the lesson
A．For practice. B．To grade it.
C．To complete the task.
4．What kind of gift does his friend like
A．Expensive. B．Cheap.
C．Easy to take.
5．How does the man feel about the class
A．He wishes the teacher would explain more.
B．He doesn't make sense of what the teacher said.
C．He thinks the teacher explains too little.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．How does the man know that the woman is Spanish
A．By her dress. B．By her hairstyle.
C．By her accent.
7．When did the woman begin to live in Canada
A．At the age of twenty.
B．At the age of twelve.
C．At the age of twenty five.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What do several people advise the woman to do
A．Get more yellow clothes.
B．Buy a new shirt for Peter.
C．Try clothes of different colors.
9．What color makes the woman young and energetic
A．Yellow. B．Pink.
C．Black.
10．Who is really an expert in clothing
A．Peter. B．The woman.
C．Peter's wife.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What does the woman think of the man's behavior
A．Impolite. B．Disgusting.
C．Unbelievable.
12．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Classmates. B．Workmates.
C．Teacher and student.
13．What do we know about the man
A．He does well in maths.
B．He may fall asleep in the end.
C．He is often late for class.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What is the man studying
A．Writing. B．English.
C．German.
15．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Teacher and student.
B．Classmates.
C．Mother and son.
16．Why didn't the man come to the class
A．He had been writing reports all day long.
B．He had given it up.
C．He came back late and his friend was tired.
17．What do we know about the man
A．He is from an English speaking country.
B．He is interested in learning foreign languages.
C．He had studied the languages before he came.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．What's the passage mainly about
A．The beauty of Death Valley.
B．Introduction of Death Valley.
C．How Death Valley forms.
19．What can we learn from the passage
A．No one dares to visit Death Valley in summer.
B．Extreme weather seldom strikes Death Valley.
C．There used to be signs of volcanoes' explosions.
20．Which direction does Death Valley lie in the state of California
A．South. B．North.
C．West.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Make Space in Your Summer for Free Fun
You don't have to go to the moon to meet an astronaut; You can do it at the Air and Space Museum on July 16.
Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937. But she'll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16—the museum's first Family Day of the season—to tell you all about her adventures. (Okay, it's actually an actress pretending to be Earhart.) NASA astronaut Patrick Forrester will be there to answer your questions, e and learn how space exploration changed the world.
Another Family Day event takes place on July 25. At “Discover the Moon Day！” you can steer (驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet), examine meteorites (陨石) that were found on the moon, see the capsule (太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3 D glasses.
You can create lunar art and take a moon quiz. We'll give you one example: July 20, 1969. Do you know what happened that day
National Air and Space Museum
Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW
Open daily 10 am to 7：30 pm through September 1 (with a few early closings at 5：30 pm; visit our website for details)．
Family Day programmes are from 10 am to 3 pm.
Information specialists are available Monday through Friday from 9 am to 5 pm and Saturday from 9 am to 4 pm. All ages, but best for age 7 and older.
For more information, call 202－633－2214 or go www.airandspace.si.edu.
21．What can museum visitors do on July 16
A．Create lunar art.
B．Step into an unusual capsule.
C．Learn about a missing woman pilot's life.
D．See a movie about Earhart's adventures.
22．What do we know about “Discover the Moon Day！”？
A．It includes a moon quiz competition.
B．It's the first Family Day at the museum.
C．It features a famous astronaut's explanations.
D．It gives people first hand experience of space.
23．What's the closing time for the Family Day programmes
A．3 pm. B．4 pm.
C．5：30 pm. D．7：30 pm.
B
Katherine Johnson was the most recognized of the African American “human computers”， and she was a NASA female mathematician who calculated (计算) trajectories for early space flights—from the 1930s until the 1980s.
Born in 1918, in the little town of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, Katherine Johnson was simply attracted by numbers. As a child, she counted everything. She counted the steps on the road, the steps up to school, the number of dishes she washed. By the time she was 10 years old, she had been a high school freshman, which was truly amazing in a time when school for African Americans normally stopped at eighth grade. To realize her math potential, her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute, West Virginia, where blacks could continue high school education. Katherine's excellent performance proved her father's decision was the right one：Teachers allowed Katherine to skip several grades to graduate from high school at 14 and from college at 18, majoring in mathematics, as the top student of the historically black West Virginia State College in Institute.
In 1953, after years as a teacher and later as a stay at home mom, she began working for NASA, which began hiring women to measure and calculate the results of wind tunnel tests in 1935. In a time before the electronic computers, these women were called “computer”. Even after NASA began using electronic computers, the astronaut John Glenn requested that she should personally recheck the calculations made by the new electronic computers before his flight.
She continued to work at NASA until her retirement in 1986. Her calculations proved important to the success of the Apollo lunar landing program and the United States journey into space. Her story was the basis for the 2016 film Hidden Figures.
Katherine Johnson, a great mathematician, physicist, space scientist and the last “computer” who wore skirts, passed away on February 24, 2020.
24．What can we learn about Katherine from Paragraph 2
A．She left school at eighth grade.
B．She skipped grades in college.
C．She went to high school at 14.
D．She was gifted in math as a child.
25．How long did Katherine work at NASA
A．For 18 years. B．For 33 years.
C．For 51 years. D．For 67 years.
26．Why was Katherine called “computer” in NASA
A．She played the role of a computer.
B．She calculated as fast as computers.
C．She was in charge of the computers.
D．She was skilled in operating computers.
27．What's the best title for the text
A．Female scientists at NASA
B．A great female mathematician's decision
C．Katherine Johnson, a “computer” who wore skirts
D．Katherine Johnson's great educational background
C
Scientists have already established from multiple studies that Mars contains large amounts of water. Most of the water exists in the form of ice. Chinese researchers say they have built an artificial intelligence (AI) robot that can use materials found on Mars to produce catalysts (催化剂) to break down water and release oxygen. It could be another way for space travelers in the future to make much needed oxygen on Mars.
Experiments were carried out on meteorites that either came from Mars or contained materials similar to the Martian surface. The “robot chemist” first used an acid and chemical mixture to separate and examine materials contained in the meteorites. It identified several different metallic elements and then worked to identify different molecules (分子) that could be produced from meteorite materials. The system found more than 3.7 million possible molecule combinations. The robot used that data to predict which catalysts would be able to split water molecules to produce oxygen. The catalyst chosen as the best fit was able to operate at minus 37 degrees Celsius. This temperature is similar to current conditions on Mars.
The study's lead writer, Jun Jiang, said that as a boy, he often dreamed of being able to one day travel in space. “So when we finally saw that the catalysts made by the robot could actually produce oxygen by splitting water molecules, I felt like my dream was coming true. I even started to imagine that I, myself, will live on Mars in the future.”
A report explaining the study's results notes Jiang suggests that for every square meter of Martian material, his group's system could produce nearly 60 grams of oxygen per hour. The researchers say this level of production could remove the need for future astronauts to transport oxygen from Earth. “The robot can work continuously for years，” Jiang said.
Jiang said, “It could also be used to produce other useful catalysts on Mars. This could include processes for making substances to support the growth of plants that could be used to produce food for astronauts. Different chemicals can be made by this robot. Mars might also not be the only place where it could find other uses, suggesting the moon as another possibility.”
28．What do Chinese scientists use AI robots to do in the research
A．To collect water data from Mars.
B．To produce oxygen from water on Mars.
C．To explore the ice coverage on Mars.
D．To assist humans in settling down on Mars.
29．Which aspect of the research does Paragraph 2 focus on
A．Its process. B．Its scale.
C．Its result. D．Its effect.
30．Why does the author mention Jiang's dream
A．To explain the chemical reaction.
B．To advocate space travel.
C．To prove the success of the study.
D．To show the future life on Mars.
31．What does Jiang stress in the last paragraph
A．The substances for growing plants on Mars.
B．The existence of oxygen on the moon.
C．The possible discovery of chemicals on Mars.
D．The potential application of AI robots.
D
The idea for China's space program was put forward in 1956 by Qian Xuesen, a pioneer in Chinese rocket science. Following full preparation, the manned Shenzhou program began in 1992, and in 2003, the first Chinese astronaut, Yang Liwei, took adventure into space. In 2007, the lunar orbiter Chang'e 1 was launched, followed by the experimental manned space station Tiangong 1 in 2011.
In 2019, Chang'e 4 achieved a soft landing on the lunar far side, marking the first successful soft landing by humans in that area. A “soft” landing is one where the spacecraft lands in a controlled way, and gets no damage. Twelve hours later, the small Yutu 2 was let go. To understand why Chang'e 4's soft landing was such an achievement, consider the difficulty of any space mission, especially one to the far side of the moon. While the far side of the moon is often called the dark side of the moon, it is not really dark.
The main challenge of landing on the moon's far side is communication, as there is no direct line of sight to Earth, making radio communication with spacecraft there typically impossible. Chinese engineers designed a unique solution to this problem. Before Chang'e 4's mission, they sent the Queqiao communications satellite into space. When engineers needed to communicate with Chang'e 4 and Yutu 2, they could send radio messages to Queqiao. The messages would then be sent from the satellite down to the Lander. This allowed for contact between Earth and the far side of the moon.
One of Chang'e 4's experiments aimed to test a closed ecological (生态的) system, important for space missions. In this system, plants produce food and oxygen for fruit flies, while the fruit flies produce CO2 for the plants. This experiment worked for nine days, but it had to be stopped when the temperatures dropped below －52 ℃.
China's space program has achieved significant milestones, from the manned Shenzhou program to the successful soft landing of Chang'e 4 on the lunar far side. These achievements reflect China's growing progress in space exploration.
32．Why was the Chang'e 4's soft landing on the lunar far side important
A．It found evidence of water on the moon.
B．It discovered a new type of rock formation.
C．It established an everlasting base for future missions.
D．It marked a significant milestone in China's space exploration.
33．How did Chinese engineers solve the communication problem with Chang'e 4
A．They used a special radio wave.
B．They set up large equipment on the moon.
C．They used a network of ground based stations.
D．They sent a communications satellite into space.
34．What challenge did the closed ecological system experiment face
A．Lack of sunlight.
B．Equipment failure.
C．Extreme temperatures.
D．Shortage of oxygen supply.
35．What is the author's attitude to China's achievements in space exploration
A．Positive. B．Indifferent.
C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hotels orbit Saturn's pale orange moon, Titan. Cruise ships roam the docking stations like fish. Have you ever imagined making this future space travel in the fiction films a reality __36__
Large companies and entire governments have teamed up to make space travel and exploration easier and quicker. Several countries are planning space missions. Some aim to build stations orbiting the moon. __37__ Eventually, they maybe build settlements there!
Yet no human has traveled beyond Earth's orbit since 1972. Money is part of the problem. To put a pound of anything in space costs about $10，000. Consider that the old NASA space shuttles carried 2.2 million pounds (998，000 kg) of fuel alone. Once in space, we face the problem of enormous space. Current technology and fuels can propel spacecraft at around 36，000 miles (58，000 km) per hour. __38__ Therefore, human astronauts need some sort of new engine technology. Without it, they would not likely live long enough to complete journeys to other worlds.
__39__ Some human astronauts live and work in the International Space Station (ISS). They're in small spaces far from home. They suffer mentally and emotionally. Moods sour. Depression kicks in. Clear thinking muddies. Fear runs high.
Accessing fresh food is another issue. Today, astronauts eat lots of freeze dried meals.
__40__ We need those to be healthy. Of course, space doesn't have grocery stores. Deep space travelers may need to grow food on board. Unfortunately, good nutrition cannot fully protect an astronaut. All that time spent floating affects bones, muscles, and the blood. The body suffers damage from radiation streaming from stars and supernovas.
A．Others intend to land humans on Mars.
B．Freezing food reduces its vitamins and minerals.
C．Even if a trip fit within a lifetime, it wouldn't be easy.
D．In some ways, we are on the edge of this imagined future.
E．Frozen food cannot provide them with enough good nutrition.
F．With that amazing speed, spacecrafts would carry astronauts to other worlds.
G．Even at that speed, it would take 78，000 years to reach the nearest star system.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It took humans thousands of years to understand our own planet, and centuries __41__ our neighboring planets. Nowadays, new worlds are being __42__ every week.
Up to the present time, astronomers have __43__ more than 370 “exoplanets”—planets orbiting (绕……运动) outer space stars other than our sun. There is a “hot Saturn (土星)” 260 light－years from Earth that orbits its parent star so __44__ that a year there lasts less than three days. __45__ another star 150 light years out is a burning “hot Jupiter (木星)”， where upper atmosphere is being burning to form a huge comet like tail. Astronomers have found another three __46__ orbiting a pulsar (脉冲星)—the remains of a once huge star shrinking into a small atomic nucleus the __47__ of a city. Some planets have obviously fallen into their suns. Others have been thrown out of their __48__ to become “floaters” that float in the darkness of the universe.
Among all these, scientists are eager to find a clue of the __49__： planets like the Earth. That is, planets orbiting their stars at just the right distance—neither too hot nor too cold—to __50__ life as we know it. We have not yet found planets that are quite like our own, __51__ because they're inconspicuous (不起眼的). To see a planet as __52__ and slim as ours among the brightness of its star is like trying to see a firefly in a fireworks display. __53__ by pushing technology to the __54__， astronomers are rapidly approaching the day when they can find another Earth. And when they do, they can examine it for __55__ of life.
41．A.explore B．separate
C．forget D．defend
42．A.revised B．discovered
C．saved D．created
43．A.travelled B．damaged
C．recognized D．ignored
44．A.slowly B．easily
C．wrongly D．rapidly
45．A.Removing B．Circling
C．Lighting D．Showing
46．A.stars B．moons
C．planets D．satellites
47．A.type B．distance
C．power D．size
48．A.authorities B．species
C．systems D．facilities
49．A.familiar B．previous
C．unknown D．distant
50．A.hide B．discover
C．injure D．support
51．A.luckily B．instantly
C．probably D．officially
52．A.small B．bright
C．blue D．clear
53．A.And B．Yet
C．So D．Thus
54．A.limits B．ends
C．opposites D．beginnings
55．A.examples B．designs
C．means D．signs
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The survival needs of astronauts in space depend on the amount of time in space. For short missions, they require __56__ (protect) against the cold temperatures and solar glare. These needs are __57__ (particular) pressing during spacewalks, when astronauts are outside their ships. Spacesuits are protective suits with oxygen tanks, active fingertip heaters and other protective __58__ (measure).
There are many risks in space, not all of which can __59__ (avoid). Anything in space has a small but real risk of being struck by a tiny shooting star __60__ (travel) thousands of miles per hour, which would destroy any materials currently __61__ (use) then. This is more of a risk the further a ship gets from earth. Another risk __62__ increases with distance is radiation (辐射). The Earth's atmosphere protects against many forms of radiation. Current technologies do not do much to deal __63__ this risk, which accumulates the longer astronauts are in space.
Another long term risk of space travel is bone __64__ muscle degradation (退化) from weightlessness. Astronauts do exercises __65__ (help) reduce the bad effects, but these are only partially effective. Future technologies may be more effective to reduce this risk.
56．______ 57.______ 58.______ 59.______
60．______ 61.______ 62.______ 63.______
64．______ 65.______
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华，你校英文报正在征稿，拟给天宫太空站(Tiangong Space Station)的宇航员们写一封信。你准备向校英文报投稿，要点如下：
1．对他们在航天事业中取得的成就感到骄傲；
2．询问太空站上的生活和工作情况；
3．表达关心和祝福。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear astronauts,
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Dream for Future
People were busy in their own laboratories in the Mars. Turtex told me, “Let us go to the Earth to have a cup of coffee.”
I laughed for such a childish joke and I also jokingly asked him, “Is there no coffee shop in the Mars？”
He replied, “It has but they can't prepare coffee as tasty as that on the Earth.”
However, for a while I thought it would be better to take a cup of tasty coffee from Ramu's Coffee Shop located at our village, Kushmandi.
Turtex told me to enter a room near his laboratory. We entered there and found that the room was internally coated with some materials like sponge. Turtex closed the door of the room with a clap. I saw some colourful buttons inside the room. After a few seconds I heard another clap and noticed that the door opened.
Turtex said, “Come with me.”
I asked, “Where？”
He replied, “Now we are at Kushmandi.”
I shouted, “What？”
We came out of the room and I astonishingly viewed the skyscrapers around me. Turtex said loudly, “What's wrong with you Come with me.”
Eventually we entered a coffee club designed like a Five Star Restaurant. Suddenly I noticed a display board with an electronic text on, “Welcome to Kushmandi. Now you are in famous Ramu's Coffee Shop. Enjoy the taste of the best coffee on the Earth.”
Suddenly many hazy and crazy questions came to my mind.
“What was the nearby room of the lab How was it possible to travel an enormous distance from the Mars to the Earth Is it like opening my favourite TV channel with a remote How the poor coffee stall of our village turned into a Five Star Coffee Club In which century were we？”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Thinking such hazy things, I followed Turtex into the coffee club. The waiter brought us two cups of coffee and left.
UNIT 4 单元检测卷
时间：120分钟 满分：150分
较易题(占比40%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比10%)
题型 听力 阅读 七选五 完形填空 语法填空 应用文写作 读后续写
A B C D
难度 ★ ★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★★ ★★★
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
扫一扫·听录音
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
Text 1
W：Excuse me. I'm having trouble hearing at the back of the room. Did you say that your assistant would correct the final exams M：No, I said that he would collect them. I'll grade them myself.
1．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Professor and assistant.
B．Teacher and student.
C．Manager and secretary.
答案：B
Text 2
M：When will our tournament begin W：Carlos told me it is August 3rd, but the notice says it is August 13th. Carlos was wrong.
2．When will the tournament start
A．August 3rd.
B．August 13th.
C．August 14th.
答案：B
Text 3
W：I'd like everyone to hand in the lesson tomorrow. M：Are you going to grade it or is this one just for practice W：I'll grade it for sure.
3．Why does the teacher ask the students to hand in the lesson
A．For practice. B．To grade it.
C．To complete the task.
答案：B
Text 4
M：Today is my friend's birthday and I'd like to get her a gift. W：What kind of gift is she interested in M：A nice small gift that can be taken easily.
4．What kind of gift does his friend like
A．Expensive. B．Cheap.
C．Easy to take.
答案：C
Text 5
W：How are you getting on with your classes M：Too bad. It seems that the more explanation the teacher gives, the more puzzled I am.
5．How does the man feel about the class
A．He wishes the teacher would explain more.
B．He doesn't make sense of what the teacher said.
C．He thinks the teacher explains too little.
答案：B
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
Text 6
M：Are you Spanish W：Why Yes. How do you know M：I can tell by your accent. W：Well. My family comes from Spain. I did not learn to speak anything but Spanish until I was twenty. M：But your English is perfect. W：That's correct. I began to live in Canada after I left Spain at the age of twenty. M：Then you came to China from Canada. W：That's right. In China I learn to speak Chinese.
6．How does the man know that the woman is Spanish
A．By her dress. B．By her hairstyle.
C．By her accent.
答案：C
7．When did the woman begin to live in Canada
A．At the age of twenty.
B．At the age of twelve.
C．At the age of twenty five.
答案：A
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
Text 7
W：Morning, Peter. Nice suit! A new one M：Oh, yes. My wife bought it for me yesterday. Hmm, you look nice in that yellow dress. Yellow suits you really well. W：Maybe. Several people also have suggested that I get more yellow clothes. They say the color suits me because of my skin. M：That's right. You know, pink, green and black could also be good for you. Actually, I think all colors are okay for a person like you. Different colors can give people different impressions. For example, black could make you look mature, while pink could make you look young and energetic. W：It's kind of you to say so. It sounds like you're a clothing expert. M：Well, compared with my wife, I'm just a beginner.
8．What do several people advise the woman to do
A．Get more yellow clothes.
B．Buy a new shirt for Peter.
C．Try clothes of different colors.
答案：A
9．What color makes the woman young and energetic
A．Yellow. B．Pink.
C．Black.
答案：B
10．Who is really an expert in clothing
A．Peter. B．The woman.
C．Peter's wife.
答案：C
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
Text 8
M：Well, I often have a sleep during the day. W：You do Where M：Uh, sometimes I sleep here in the library. W：Right here No way! How do you do that M：Well, if I'm really tired, I find a quiet desk, and I just put my head on my books and go to sleep. I usually sleep for an hour. W：Are you serious Do you wake up in time for class M：Yeah, I have an alarm clock. W：An alarm clock In the library You're kidding! M：It doesn't ring, so it doesn't make any noise. W：Oh, that's good. Anyway, can I ask you a question about our maths homework I don't really understand this problem ... Where is it Oh, here it is. Yeah. Adam Adam
11．What does the woman think of the man's behavior
A．Impolite. B．Disgusting.
C．Unbelievable.
答案：C
12．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Classmates. B．Workmates.
C．Teacher and student.
答案：A
13．What do we know about the man
A．He does well in maths.
B．He may fall asleep in the end.
C．He is often late for class.
答案：B
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
Text 9
W：Why weren't you at the German class last night, Tom Have you given up M：Well, no ... I came back late yesterday and found John sleeping in the chair. He'd been writing reports all day long and he was too tired to go out again, so we gave the lesson a miss. W：You have missed quite a lot of the lessons lately, haven't you Are you losing interest M：Yes, I'm afraid so. Neither John nor I have a gift for languages. People just laugh at us when we attempt to speak German. How did you and Jane pick it up so quickly and easily You've hardly been in Germany for a month. W：It was neither quick nor easy. We'd both studied the language before we came, and we only needed to revise it. M：Anyway, all our friends here speak English very well, so we don't really need to learn German.
14．What is the man studying
A．Writing. B．English.
C．German.
答案：C
15．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Teacher and student.
B．Classmates.
C．Mother and son.
答案：B
16．Why didn't the man come to the class
A．He had been writing reports all day long.
B．He had given it up.
C．He came back late and his friend was tired.
答案：C
17．What do we know about the man
A．He is from an English speaking country.
B．He is interested in learning foreign languages.
C．He had studied the languages before he came.
答案：A
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
Text 10
Today we visit one of America's great national parks. It is a place of strange and silent beauty. As beautiful as this place is, its name provides evidence of very real danger. Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes. There are mountains that reach more than three thousand meters into the sky. The air temperature during the summer has been as high as fifty－seven degrees Celsius. The sun can heat the ground so that the temperature of the rocks and soil can be as high as seventy－four degrees Celsius. The extreme heat of Death Valley has killed people in the past. It will continue to kill those who do not honor this extreme climate. Death Valley does not forgive those who are not careful. Death Valley is a good example of the violence of nature. It contains evidence of several ancient volcanoes that caused huge explosions. Evidence of one of these explosions is called Ubehebe Crater. The explosion left a huge hole in the ground almost a kilometer and a half wide. Death Valley is a huge place. It extends more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of the state of California, and across the border with the state of Nevada. Death Valley is part of the Great Mojave Desert.
18．What's the passage mainly about
A．The beauty of Death Valley.
B．Introduction of Death Valley.
C．How Death Valley forms.
答案：B
19．What can we learn from the passage
A．No one dares to visit Death Valley in summer.
B．Extreme weather seldom strikes Death Valley.
C．There used to be signs of volcanoes' explosions.
答案：C
20．Which direction does Death Valley lie in the state of California
A．South. B．North.
C．West.
答案：A
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Make Space in Your Summer for Free Fun
You don't have to go to the moon to meet an astronaut; You can do it at the Air and Space Museum on July 16.
Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937. But she'll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16—the museum's first Family Day of the season—to tell you all about her adventures. (Okay, it's actually an actress pretending to be Earhart.) NASA astronaut Patrick Forrester will be there to answer your questions, e and learn how space exploration changed the world.
Another Family Day event takes place on July 25. At “Discover the Moon Day！” you can steer (驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet), examine meteorites (陨石) that were found on the moon, see the capsule (太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3 D glasses.
You can create lunar art and take a moon quiz. We'll give you one example: July 20, 1969. Do you know what happened that day
National Air and Space Museum
Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW
Open daily 10 am to 7：30 pm through September 1 (with a few early closings at 5：30 pm; visit our website for details)．
Family Day programmes are from 10 am to 3 pm.
Information specialists are available Monday through Friday from 9 am to 5 pm and Saturday from 9 am to 4 pm. All ages, but best for age 7 and older.
For more information, call 202－633－2214 or go www.airandspace.si.edu.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天博物馆活动的相关信息。
21．What can museum visitors do on July 16
A．Create lunar art.
B．Step into an unusual capsule.
C．Learn about a missing woman pilot's life.
D．See a movie about Earhart's adventures.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart ... about her adventures.(1937年，先驱飞行员阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特在环球飞行中失踪。但她将于7月16日，也就是博物馆本季的第一个家庭日，来到国家航空航天博物馆，向你讲述她的冒险经历。)”可知，7月16日，博物馆游客可以了解一名失踪女飞行员的经历。故选C。
22．What do we know about “Discover the Moon Day！”？
A．It includes a moon quiz competition.
B．It's the first Family Day at the museum.
C．It features a famous astronaut's explanations.
D．It gives people first hand experience of space.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At ‘Discover the Moon Day！’ ... the lunar surface using 3 D glasses.(在‘发现月球日’，你可以驾驶机器人漫游车(一种用于探索行星表面的工具)，检查在月球上发现的陨石，观看阿波罗11号宇航员往返月球时乘坐的太空舱，并使用3D眼镜观看月球表面的照片。)”可知，该活动给人们提供亲身体验太空的机会。故选D。
23．What's the closing time for the Family Day programmes
A．3 pm. B．4 pm.
C．5：30 pm. D．7：30 pm.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，家庭日活动于下午3时结束。故选A。
B
Katherine Johnson was the most recognized of the African American “human computers”， and she was a NASA female mathematician who calculated (计算) trajectories for early space flights—from the 1930s until the 1980s.
Born in 1918, in the little town of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, Katherine Johnson was simply attracted by numbers. As a child, she counted everything. She counted the steps on the road, the steps up to school, the number of dishes she washed. By the time she was 10 years old, she had been a high school freshman, which was truly amazing in a time when school for African Americans normally stopped at eighth grade. To realize her math potential, her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute, West Virginia, where blacks could continue high school education. Katherine's excellent performance proved her father's decision was the right one：Teachers allowed Katherine to skip several grades to graduate from high school at 14 and from college at 18, majoring in mathematics, as the top student of the historically black West Virginia State College in Institute.
In 1953, after years as a teacher and later as a stay at home mom, she began working for NASA, which began hiring women to measure and calculate the results of wind tunnel tests in 1935. In a time before the electronic computers, these women were called “computer”. Even after NASA began using electronic computers, the astronaut John Glenn requested that she should personally recheck the calculations made by the new electronic computers before his flight.
She continued to work at NASA until her retirement in 1986. Her calculations proved important to the success of the Apollo lunar landing program and the United States journey into space. Her story was the basis for the 2016 film Hidden Figures.
Katherine Johnson, a great mathematician, physicist, space scientist and the last “computer” who wore skirts, passed away on February 24, 2020.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Katherine Johnson (凯瑟琳·约翰逊)凭借自己的数学头脑为美国航空航天局作出了重要贡献。
24．What can we learn about Katherine from Paragraph 2
A．She left school at eighth grade.
B．She skipped grades in college.
C．She went to high school at 14.
D．She was gifted in math as a child.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As a child, she counted everything.”以及“To realize her math potential ... high school education.”可知， Katherine Johnson小时候在数学方面很有天赋。故选D。
25．How long did Katherine work at NASA
A．For 18 years. B．For 33 years.
C．For 51 years. D．For 67 years.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 1953 ... working for NASA”以及第四段中的“She continued to work at NASA until her retirement in 1986.”可知，Katherine Johnson在1953年开始为美国航空航天局工作，1986年退休，因此她在美国航空航天局工作了33年。故选B。
26．Why was Katherine called “computer” in NASA
A．She played the role of a computer.
B．She calculated as fast as computers.
C．She was in charge of the computers.
D．She was skilled in operating computers.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“she began working for NASA ... were called ‘computer’”可知，Katherine在美国航空航天局负责测算风洞试验的结果，担任计算机的角色。故选A。
27．What's the best title for the text
A．Female scientists at NASA
B．A great female mathematician's decision
C．Katherine Johnson, a “computer” who wore skirts
D．Katherine Johnson's great educational background
答案：C
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Katherine Johnson凭借自己的数学头脑为美国航空航天局作出重要贡献的故事，并结合最后一段(Katherine Johnson于2020年2月24日去世，她是一位伟大的数学家、物理学家、太空科学家，也是最后一位穿着裙子的“计算机”。)可知，C项(Katherine Johnson，一个穿着裙子的“计算机”)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
C
Scientists have already established from multiple studies that Mars contains large amounts of water. Most of the water exists in the form of ice. Chinese researchers say they have built an artificial intelligence (AI) robot that can use materials found on Mars to produce catalysts (催化剂) to break down water and release oxygen. It could be another way for space travelers in the future to make much needed oxygen on Mars.
Experiments were carried out on meteorites that either came from Mars or contained materials similar to the Martian surface. The “robot chemist” first used an acid and chemical mixture to separate and examine materials contained in the meteorites. It identified several different metallic elements and then worked to identify different molecules (分子) that could be produced from meteorite materials. The system found more than 3.7 million possible molecule combinations. The robot used that data to predict which catalysts would be able to split water molecules to produce oxygen. The catalyst chosen as the best fit was able to operate at minus 37 degrees Celsius. This temperature is similar to current conditions on Mars.
The study's lead writer, Jun Jiang, said that as a boy, he often dreamed of being able to one day travel in space. “So when we finally saw that the catalysts made by the robot could actually produce oxygen by splitting water molecules, I felt like my dream was coming true. I even started to imagine that I, myself, will live on Mars in the future.”
A report explaining the study's results notes Jiang suggests that for every square meter of Martian material, his group's system could produce nearly 60 grams of oxygen per hour. The researchers say this level of production could remove the need for future astronauts to transport oxygen from Earth. “The robot can work continuously for years，” Jiang said.
Jiang said, “It could also be used to produce other useful catalysts on Mars. This could include processes for making substances to support the growth of plants that could be used to produce food for astronauts. Different chemicals can be made by this robot. Mars might also not be the only place where it could find other uses, suggesting the moon as another possibility.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家已经从多项研究中证实火星含有大量的水，且大多数水以冰的形式存在。中国研究人员已经制造了一种人工智能机器人，可以利用火星上发现的材料来生产催化剂，以分解水并释放氧气。
28．What do Chinese scientists use AI robots to do in the research
A．To collect water data from Mars.
B．To produce oxygen from water on Mars.
C．To explore the ice coverage on Mars.
D．To assist humans in settling down on Mars.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，中国科学家在研究中使用人工智能机器人从火星上的水中产生氧气。故选B。
29．Which aspect of the research does Paragraph 2 focus on
A．Its process. B．Its scale.
C．Its result. D．Its effect.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，科学家对来自火星或含有与火星表面相似物质的陨石进行了实验，并讲述了实验过程，由此可知，本段讲述了研究的过程。故选A。
30．Why does the author mention Jiang's dream
A．To explain the chemical reaction.
B．To advocate space travel.
C．To prove the success of the study.
D．To show the future life on Mars.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“So when we finally saw ... Mars in the future. (所以当我们最终看到机器人制造的催化剂实际上可以通过分裂水分子产生氧气时，我觉得我的梦想就要实现了。我甚至开始想象我自己将来会在火星上生活。)”可推知，作者提到蒋的梦想是为了证明这些研究是成功的。故选C。
31．What does Jiang stress in the last paragraph
A．The substances for growing plants on Mars.
B．The existence of oxygen on the moon.
C．The possible discovery of chemicals on Mars.
D．The potential application of AI robots.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，蒋认为机器人也可以用来在火星上生产其他有用的催化剂，用来辅助为宇航员生产食物，还可以制造不同的化学品。由此可推知，蒋在最后一段强调了人工智能机器人的潜在应用。故选D。
D
The idea for China's space program was put forward in 1956 by Qian Xuesen, a pioneer in Chinese rocket science. Following full preparation, the manned Shenzhou program began in 1992, and in 2003, the first Chinese astronaut, Yang Liwei, took adventure into space. In 2007, the lunar orbiter Chang'e 1 was launched, followed by the experimental manned space station Tiangong 1 in 2011.
In 2019, Chang'e 4 achieved a soft landing on the lunar far side, marking the first successful soft landing by humans in that area. A “soft” landing is one where the spacecraft lands in a controlled way, and gets no damage. Twelve hours later, the small Yutu 2 was let go. To understand why Chang'e 4's soft landing was such an achievement, consider the difficulty of any space mission, especially one to the far side of the moon. While the far side of the moon is often called the dark side of the moon, it is not really dark.
The main challenge of landing on the moon's far side is communication, as there is no direct line of sight to Earth, making radio communication with spacecraft there typically impossible. Chinese engineers designed a unique solution to this problem. Before Chang'e 4's mission, they sent the Queqiao communications satellite into space. When engineers needed to communicate with Chang'e 4 and Yutu 2, they could send radio messages to Queqiao. The messages would then be sent from the satellite down to the Lander. This allowed for contact between Earth and the far side of the moon.
One of Chang'e 4's experiments aimed to test a closed ecological (生态的) system, important for space missions. In this system, plants produce food and oxygen for fruit flies, while the fruit flies produce CO2 for the plants. This experiment worked for nine days, but it had to be stopped when the temperatures dropped below －52 ℃.
China's space program has achieved significant milestones, from the manned Shenzhou program to the successful soft landing of Chang'e 4 on the lunar far side. These achievements reflect China's growing progress in space exploration.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的太空计划经历了载人航天、月球探测等重大里程。嫦娥四号成功软着陆月球背面，通过鹊桥中继卫星解决了通信难题，并测试了封闭生态系统。
32．Why was the Chang'e 4's soft landing on the lunar far side important
A．It found evidence of water on the moon.
B．It discovered a new type of rock formation.
C．It established an everlasting base for future missions.
D．It marked a significant milestone in China's space exploration.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 2019, Chang'e 4 achieved ... in that area.”可知，嫦娥四号在月球背面的软着陆是中国在太空探索方面的一个重要里程碑。故选D。
33．How did Chinese engineers solve the communication problem with Chang'e 4
A．They used a special radio wave.
B．They set up large equipment on the moon.
C．They used a network of ground based stations.
D．They sent a communications satellite into space.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The main challenge of landing ... into space.”可知，中国工程师为了解决与嫦娥四号的通信问题，向太空发射了一颗通信卫星。故选D。
34．What challenge did the closed ecological system experiment face
A．Lack of sunlight.
B．Equipment failure.
C．Extreme temperatures.
D．Shortage of oxygen supply.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This experiment worked for nine days, but it had to be stopped when the temperatures dropped below －52 ℃.(这个实验运行了九天，但是当温度降至零下52 ℃时，不得不终止。)”可知，封闭生态系统实验面临着极端温度的挑战。故选C。
35．What is the author's attitude to China's achievements in space exploration
A．Positive. B．Indifferent.
C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，中国的航天计划已经取得了重大里程碑式的成就，从载人神舟计划到嫦娥四号在月球背面的成功软着陆。这些成就彰显了中国在太空探索领域日益增长的进步。由此可推知，作者对中国在太空探索方面取得的成就持积极态度。故选A。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hotels orbit Saturn's pale orange moon, Titan. Cruise ships roam the docking stations like fish. Have you ever imagined making this future space travel in the fiction films a reality __36__
Large companies and entire governments have teamed up to make space travel and exploration easier and quicker. Several countries are planning space missions. Some aim to build stations orbiting the moon. __37__ Eventually, they maybe build settlements there!
Yet no human has traveled beyond Earth's orbit since 1972. Money is part of the problem. To put a pound of anything in space costs about $10，000. Consider that the old NASA space shuttles carried 2.2 million pounds (998，000 kg) of fuel alone. Once in space, we face the problem of enormous space. Current technology and fuels can propel spacecraft at around 36，000 miles (58，000 km) per hour. __38__ Therefore, human astronauts need some sort of new engine technology. Without it, they would not likely live long enough to complete journeys to other worlds.
__39__ Some human astronauts live and work in the International Space Station (ISS). They're in small spaces far from home. They suffer mentally and emotionally. Moods sour. Depression kicks in. Clear thinking muddies. Fear runs high.
Accessing fresh food is another issue. Today, astronauts eat lots of freeze dried meals.
__40__ We need those to be healthy. Of course, space doesn't have grocery stores. Deep space travelers may need to grow food on board. Unfortunately, good nutrition cannot fully protect an astronaut. All that time spent floating affects bones, muscles, and the blood. The body suffers damage from radiation streaming from stars and supernovas.
A．Others intend to land humans on Mars.
B．Freezing food reduces its vitamins and minerals.
C．Even if a trip fit within a lifetime, it wouldn't be easy.
D．In some ways, we are on the edge of this imagined future.
E．Frozen food cannot provide them with enough good nutrition.
F．With that amazing speed, spacecrafts would carry astronauts to other worlds.
G．Even at that speed, it would take 78，000 years to reach the nearest star system.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了太空旅行正在成为现实，大公司和整个政府已经联手使太空旅行和探索更容易、更快捷，但是其中仍然存在一些挑战和问题。
36．答案：D
解析：根据上文“Hotels orbit Saturn's ... fiction films a reality？(酒店围绕着土星的淡橙色卫星土卫六运行。游轮像鱼儿一样在码头游荡。你有没有想过把科幻电影里的未来太空旅行变成现实？)”可知，D项(在某些方面，我们正处于这种想象未来的边缘。)承接上文。故选D。
37．答案：A
解析：上文“Large companies and entire governments ... build stations orbiting the moon.”提到了一些国家的目标。A项(另一些打算把人类送上火星。)承接上文，其中的Others与上文中的Some相呼应。故选A。
38．答案：G
解析：根据上文“Current technology and fuels can propel spacecraft at around 36，000 miles (58，000 km) per hour.(目前的技术和燃料可以推动航天器以每小时36，000英里(58，000公里)的速度飞行。)”可知，G项(即使以这样的速度，也需要78，000年才能到达最近的星系。)承接上文。故选G。
39．答案：C
解析：根据下文内容可知，本段主要说明了太空旅行的不易之处。C项(即使一生只有一次旅行，也不容易。)引出下文。故选C。
40．答案：B
解析：根据下文“We need those to be healthy.”可知，设空处主要说明保持健康所需的物质是什么，B项(冷冻食物会减少食物中的维生素和矿物质。)符合语境，其中的vitamins and minerals对应下文中的those。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It took humans thousands of years to understand our own planet, and centuries __41__ our neighboring planets. Nowadays, new worlds are being __42__ every week.
Up to the present time, astronomers have __43__ more than 370 “exoplanets”—planets orbiting (绕……运动) outer space stars other than our sun. There is a “hot Saturn (土星)” 260 light－years from Earth that orbits its parent star so __44__ that a year there lasts less than three days. __45__ another star 150 light years out is a burning “hot Jupiter (木星)”， where upper atmosphere is being burning to form a huge comet like tail. Astronomers have found another three __46__ orbiting a pulsar (脉冲星)—the remains of a once huge star shrinking into a small atomic nucleus the __47__ of a city. Some planets have obviously fallen into their suns. Others have been thrown out of their __48__ to become “floaters” that float in the darkness of the universe.
Among all these, scientists are eager to find a clue of the __49__： planets like the Earth. That is, planets orbiting their stars at just the right distance—neither too hot nor too cold—to __50__ life as we know it. We have not yet found planets that are quite like our own, __51__ because they're inconspicuous (不起眼的). To see a planet as __52__ and slim as ours among the brightness of its star is like trying to see a firefly in a fireworks display. __53__ by pushing technology to the __54__， astronomers are rapidly approaching the day when they can find another Earth. And when they do, they can examine it for __55__ of life.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了除地球之外的其他“系外行星”，并介绍了人类为了寻找与地球相似的行星所做出的努力。
41．A.explore B．separate
C．forget D．defend
答案：A
解析：句意：人类花了数千年的时间才了解了我们自己的星球，并花了数百年的时间探索我们邻近的星球。explore探索；separate分离；forget忘记；defend保卫。故选A。
42．A.revised B．discovered
C．saved D．created
答案：B
解析：revise修改，复习；discover发现；save拯救；create创造。根据上文“new worlds are being”可知，此处指新的世界正在被发现。故选B。
43．A.travelled B．damaged
C．recognized D．ignored
答案：C
解析：travel旅行；damage损坏；recognize认出，识别；ignore忽视。根据下文“hot Saturn (土星)”和“hot Jupiter (木星)”可知，此处指天文学家已经识别了370多颗“系外行星”。故选C。
44．A.slowly B．easily
C．wrongly D．rapidly
答案：D
解析：slowly缓慢地；easily容易地；wrongly错误地；rapidly迅速地，很快地。根据下文“a year there lasts less than three days”可知，在“热土星”一年的持续时间不到三天，由此可知，“热土星”绕其母星运行的速度是很快的。故选D。
45．A.Removing B．Circling
C．Lighting D．Showing
答案：B
解析：句意：环绕150光年外的另一颗恒星移动的是一颗燃烧的“热木星”，在那里上层大气正在燃烧，形成一个巨大的彗星状尾巴。remove移动；circle环绕……移动；light点燃；show展示。故选B。
46．A.stars B．moons
C．planets D．satellites
答案：C
解析：根据上文“exoplanets”可知，本段介绍的是“系外行星”，由此可知，此处指另外三颗围绕脉冲星运行的行星。故选C。
47．A.type B．distance
C．power D．size
答案：D
解析：上文“a once huge star”描述恒星的尺寸，由此可知，此处指缩小成一个城市大小的小原子核。故选D。
48．A.authorities B．species
C．systems D．facilities
答案：C
解析：authority权力，权威；species物种；system体系，系统；facility设施。根据下文“to become ‘floaters’ that float in the darkness of the universe”可知，此处指其他行星被赶出了它们所在的星系。故选C。
49．A.familiar B．previous
C．unknown D．distant
答案：A
解析：familiar熟悉的；previous以前的；unknown未知的；distant遥远的。根据下文“planets like the Earth”可知，找到像地球这样的行星对我们来说应是一条熟悉的线索。故选A。
50．A.hide B．discover
C．injure D．support
答案：D
解析：hide隐藏；discover发现；injure伤害；support支持。根据上文“neither too hot nor too cold”可知，既不太热也不太冷的条件应是支持人类生存的。故选D。
51．A.luckily B．instantly
C．probably D．officially
答案：C
解析：句意：我们还没有发现与我们自己的行星非常相似的行星，可能是因为它们不起眼。 luckily幸运的是；instantly立即；马上；probably可能；或许；officially官方地。故选C。
52．A.small B．bright
C．blue D．clear
答案：A
解析：small小的；bright明亮的；blue蓝色的；clear清楚的。根据下文“a firefly in a fireworks display”可知，在烟花表演中的萤火虫是小的，由此可知，此处指小的行星。故选A。
53．A.And B．Yet
C．So D．Thus
答案：B
解析：上文提到我们还没有发现与我们自己的行星非常相似的行星，下文提到天文学家正在迅速接近找到另一个地球的那一天，上下文表示转折。故选B。
54．A.limits B．ends
C．opposites D．beginnings
答案：A
解析：句意：然而，通过将技术推向极限，天文学家正在迅速接近找到另一个地球的那一天。limit限制，极限；end结尾；opposite对立面；beginning开端。故选A。
55．A.examples B．designs
C．means D．signs
答案：D
解析：example例子；design设计；means方法；sign迹象。根据上文内容可知，天文学家正在寻找与地球相似的星球，由此可知，他们要调查那些星球是否有生命迹象。故选D。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The survival needs of astronauts in space depend on the amount of time in space. For short missions, they require __56__ (protect) against the cold temperatures and solar glare. These needs are __57__ (particular) pressing during spacewalks, when astronauts are outside their ships. Spacesuits are protective suits with oxygen tanks, active fingertip heaters and other protective __58__ (measure).
There are many risks in space, not all of which can __59__ (avoid). Anything in space has a small but real risk of being struck by a tiny shooting star __60__ (travel) thousands of miles per hour, which would destroy any materials currently __61__ (use) then. This is more of a risk the further a ship gets from earth. Another risk __62__ increases with distance is radiation (辐射). The Earth's atmosphere protects against many forms of radiation. Current technologies do not do much to deal __63__ this risk, which accumulates the longer astronauts are in space.
Another long term risk of space travel is bone __64__ muscle degradation (退化) from weightlessness. Astronauts do exercises __65__ (help) reduce the bad effects, but these are only partially effective. Future technologies may be more effective to reduce this risk.
56．______ 57.______ 58.______ 59.______
60．______ 61.______ 62.______ 63.______
64．______ 65.______
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宇航员在太空中可能遇到的危险。
56．答案：protection
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作require的宾语，应用不可数名词protection。故填 protection。
57．答案：particularly
解析：考查词性转换。句意：当宇航员在飞船外进行太空行走时，这些需求尤其紧迫。设空处修饰形容词pressing，应用副词particularly。故填particularly。
58．答案：measures
解析：考查名词。句意：太空服是带有氧气罐、主动指尖加热器和其他保护措施的防护服。other后接可数名词复数。故填measures。
59．答案：be avoided
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。which指代前面的risks，与avoid之间为被动关系，且情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填be avoided。
60．答案：travel(l)ing
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处travel与shooting star为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填travel(l)ing。
61．答案：being used
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处use与materials为被动关系，应用being done形式作后置定语，表示正在进行。故填being used。
62．答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词risk，关系词在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。
63．答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意：目前的技术在应对这种风险方面做得并不多，宇航员在太空中的时间越长，这种风险就越高。deal with意为“处理”，为固定短语。故填 with。
64．答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：太空旅行的另一个长期风险是失重导致骨骼和肌肉退化。此处bone与muscle为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填 and。
65．答案：to help
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：宇航员通过锻炼来帮助减少不良影响，但这些只是部分有效。设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填 to help。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华，你校英文报正在征稿，拟给天宫太空站(Tiangong Space Station)的宇航员们写一封信。你准备向校英文报投稿，要点如下：
1．对他们在航天事业中取得的成就感到骄傲；
2．询问太空站上的生活和工作情况；
3．表达关心和祝福。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear astronauts,
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear astronauts，
I'm writing with great excitement to tell you how proud I am of your remarkable achievements in China's space science and technology.
I'm much curious about your life and work in Tiangong Space Station, and I'd like to ask you some questions. Have you adapted to the weightless environment If you miss your families, is it possible for you to make video calls on a regular basis Additionally, I cannot help admiring your pioneering work, wondering what it takes to be a qualified astronaut.
Wish you a successful mission and a comfortable journey!
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Dream for Future
People were busy in their own laboratories in the Mars. Turtex told me, “Let us go to the Earth to have a cup of coffee.”
I laughed for such a childish joke and I also jokingly asked him, “Is there no coffee shop in the Mars？”
He replied, “It has but they can't prepare coffee as tasty as that on the Earth.”
However, for a while I thought it would be better to take a cup of tasty coffee from Ramu's Coffee Shop located at our village, Kushmandi.
Turtex told me to enter a room near his laboratory. We entered there and found that the room was internally coated with some materials like sponge. Turtex closed the door of the room with a clap. I saw some colourful buttons inside the room. After a few seconds I heard another clap and noticed that the door opened.
Turtex said, “Come with me.”
I asked, “Where？”
He replied, “Now we are at Kushmandi.”
I shouted, “What？”
We came out of the room and I astonishingly viewed the skyscrapers around me. Turtex said loudly, “What's wrong with you Come with me.”
Eventually we entered a coffee club designed like a Five Star Restaurant. Suddenly I noticed a display board with an electronic text on, “Welcome to Kushmandi. Now you are in famous Ramu's Coffee Shop. Enjoy the taste of the best coffee on the Earth.”
Suddenly many hazy and crazy questions came to my mind.
“What was the nearby room of the lab How was it possible to travel an enormous distance from the Mars to the Earth Is it like opening my favourite TV channel with a remote How the poor coffee stall of our village turned into a Five Star Coffee Club In which century were we？”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Thinking such hazy things, I followed Turtex into the coffee club. The waiter brought us two cups of coffee and left.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和朋友Turtex(图特斯)在火星上忽然想要喝地球上家乡的咖啡，他们回到地球，发现家乡的咖啡摊位已经变成了五星级咖啡俱乐部。作者和Turtex喝到咖啡了吗？梦醒后作者发现自己躺在医院，发生了什么事？
[精彩范文]
Thinking such hazy things, I followed Turtex into the coffee club. The delicious smell of coffee rushed into my nose. Oh, my loveable tasty coffee. How eager I was to have a cup of it at once! “Come here，” Turtex said. Still absorbed in those hazy questions, I followed Turtex and sat beside a table, which was coated with strange materials, waiting to enjoy the best coffee on the Earth.
The waiter brought us two cups of coffee and left. Impatiently I took it and took a sip. “Oh, my gosh.” It was so hot that it seemed that my mouth got burnt. But then I heard a hair cutting sound. I slowly opened my eyes and found that a nurse was cutting my hair and putting them into a tray beside my bed and telling me, “Nothing serious. It needs just two stitches on your forehead and you will be OK within a week.” I finally realized that it was our village hospital at Kushmandi that I was in, not at the coffee club.
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