英语 必修 第三册 RJ
Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪
2．argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
3．pattern n. 模式；图案；模范
4．high end adj. 高端的
5．foam n. 泡沫橡胶；泡沫
6．pillow n. 枕头
7．smartphone n. 智能手机
8．in closing 最后
9．oxygen n．氧；氧气
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．argue vt.& vi. 论证；争辩；争论
2．shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的
3．analysis n. (对事物的)分析；分析结果
4．monitor n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控
5．limited adj. 有限的
6．attach vt. 系；绑；贴
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的→fatally adv. 致命地；不幸地
2．regularly adv. 经常；定期地→regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的
3．closing adj. 结尾的；结束的 n. 停业；关闭；倒闭→close v. (使)结束，终止；关闭
4．mystery n. 神秘事物；谜→ mysterious adj. 神秘的→mysteriously adv. 神秘地
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
resource 熟义：n. 资源；财力；物力
生义：n. 勇气；才智；谋略
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1．result__in 导致；造成
2．as__a__result 所以；结果(是)
3．provide__for__sb 提供生活所需
4．run__out 用完；耗尽
课文三维剖析
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE
OF TIME AND MONEY
探索太空是浪费时间和金钱吗？
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or1 other planets much further away. Some people argue that2 we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow view which3 fails to realise how4 exploring space5 helps us. 1意为“无论……还是……” 2引导宾语从句 3引导定语从句，修饰view 4引导宾语从句 5动名词短语作主语
世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务，无论是去火星还是更远的星球。一部分人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。相反，我们应该解决世界上穷人的温饱问题，并尽快找到污染、致命性疾病等其他问题的解决方案。然而，另一部分人觉得这是一种肤浅的观点，没有认识到探索太空给我们带来的好处。
Firstly, exploring space6 has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that7 now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food8 to feed Earth's increasing population9. 6动名词短语作主语 7引导定语从句，修饰many__satellites 8不定式短语作后置定语 9不定式短语作目的状语
首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。许多卫星记录着陆地与天气模式数据，然后把这些数据传输给地球上的科学家。经过仔细的分析，科学家们可以为农民提供有用的建议和意见。因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that10 benefit us all. High end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of11 advanced technology which12 was first created to meet the requirements13 for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that14 doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products, such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras, are changing our lives. 10引导定语从句，修饰improvements 11介词短语作原因状语 12引导定语从句，修饰advanced__technology 13不定式短语作目的状语 14引导定语从句，修饰machines
其次，太空探索推动了科技进步，使全人类受益。由于采用了先进的技术，如今全球高端产品的生产标准提高了，而这些技术最初是为了满足太空探索的要求而研制出来的。例如，太空技术促进了各种新型材料的研发，还帮助一些公司制造出更好的心脏监测仪以及医生经常使用的其他设备。如今，太空技术广泛应用于各行各业，一些日用产品，如记忆海绵枕头、智能手机摄像头等，正在改变我们的生活。
Finally, sending astronauts into space15 has helped people to think about the world's problems and16 even to find ways to solve them17. Seeing pictures of our planet18 as an island in a black sea made people realise that19 our planet's resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population20, scientists are trying to find other planets that21 could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because22 it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets. 最后，将航天员送入太空促使人们思考全球问题，甚至去寻找解决办法。看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。目前最受关注的是火星，因为它离地球较近。未来，人类很可能居住在这两个星球上。 In closing, exploring space23 provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions24 to people's short term and long term problems. 15动名词短语作主语 16连接两个动词不定式短语to__think__about__the__world's__problems和to__find__ways，作宾语补足语 17不定式短语作后置定语 18动名词短语作主语 19引导宾语从句 20不定式短语作目的状语 21引导定语从句，修饰other__planets 22引导原因状语从句 23动名词短语作主语 24不定式短语作目的状语
总而言之，太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。因此，这项事业应该继续下去，以便为人类(面临的)长期问题和短期问题提供更好的更新的解决方案。
阅读领悟
(一)根据课文信息完成表格
(二)填入适当的衔接词或内容，完成段意
Para.1：Some__people__argue__that__we__should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However,__others__feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
Para.2：Firstly,__exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
Para.3：Secondly,__space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.
Para.4：Finally,__sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways to solve them.
Para.5：In__closing,__exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
(三)相关话题语块
1．around__the__globe 世界各地
2．a__shallow__view 肤浅的观点
3．find__immediate__solutions__to__...__ 立即找到……的解决方案
4．result__in 导致；造成
5．the__fight__against__world__hunger 与世界饥饿的对抗
6．provide useful recommendations and advice 提供有用的建议和意见
7．the resources on Earth will run out 地球上的资源将会耗尽
8．promote technological improvements 推动科技进步
9．provide the world with many different benefits 为世界提供了各方面的好处
10．provide new and better solutions to 为……提供新的更好的解决方案
探究一 热词
(一)高频词
1.argue vt.& vi. 论证；争辩；争论；说服；主张(教材P44)
argument n. 争论；争吵；论点 argue with 与……争论；与……争辩 argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争论某事 argue for/against (doing) sth 据理力争/反对(做)某事 argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that ... 认为/主张…… have an argument with sb 与某人争吵 settle an argument 解决争端
【语境感知】
①My parents always argue with each other about money management, but they eventually find a compromise.
我父母总是就资金管理问题争论不休，但他们最终找到了一个折中的办法。
②Health experts argue against smoking, saying its harmful effects on the body.
健康专家反对吸烟，称吸烟对身体有害。
③The salesperson skillfully argued me into buying the latest smartphone model.
售货员巧妙地说服我买了最新款的智能手机。
④(2024·北京高考)The 18th century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things in themselves that are unknowable.
18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。
⑤We had an argument with the waiter about the bill.
我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①We tried to argue him into joining us in helping the homeless.
②She argued that taxes must be increased to pay for public services.
③My friend argued against my decision to quit my job, saying I should stick it out.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④他说服我买了一件新的夹克衫。
He__argued__me__into__buying__a__new__jacket.
⑤我今天有点生气，因为我和老板争吵了。
I__feel__a__bit__angry__today__because__I__had__an__argument__with__my__boss.
2.limited adj. 有限的(教材P44)
limit v. 限制；限定 n. 限制；限度；(区域的)界限；(可能行动或结果的)范围 limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的 be limited to 受限于…… limit ... to ... 把……限制在……范围内 set a limit to 限定范围在…… there is a/no limit to ... ……是有/无限度的 within limits 适当地，在一定范围内
【语境感知】
①Many people in China have limited exposure to English.
许多中国人接触英语的机会有限。
②My knowledge of the subject is limited to what I've read in books.
我对这门学科的知识仅限于我在书中读到的。
③There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.
我们能承受的痛苦是有限的。
④In the circumstances we'll tell you what we can, within limits, of course, and in confidence.
在这种情况下，我们会告诉你我们能做的，当然是在一定范围内，而且是保密的。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She has limited herself to 1，000 calories a day to keep fit.
②Her tone implied that her patience was limited (limit).
③There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to serving the people.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④你不得不限制这趟旅行的费用。
You__have__to__set__a__limit__to__the__expense__of__the__trip.
⑤教授历史不应该局限于讲年代和人物。
The__teaching__of__history__should__not__be__limited__to__dates__and__figures.
3.attach vt. 系；绑；贴(教材P46)
attached adj. 热爱……的；附属的 attachment n. 附属；依恋；附件 attach ... to ... 把……固定/附在……上 attach importance/significance to ... 认为……有重要性/意义；重视…… be attached to 附属于；依恋
【语境感知】
①Some models come with attachments for dusting.
一些模型带有除尘装置。
②Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
在申请表上附上一张近期的照片。
③The keychain is attached to my bag so I won't lose it.
钥匙扣附在我的包上，所以我不会把它弄丢的。
④The employee has been working there for over 20 years and is deeply attached to the company.
该员工已经在这里工作了20多年，对公司有着深厚的感情。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①You'd better attach labels to things before you file them away.
②For simplicity, use only one attachment (attach) for our test.
③She is very attached (attach) to her family and friends.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④我们应该重视儿童的心理健康。
We__should__attach__importance/significance__to__children's__mental__health.
⑤我们学校曾经附属于一所公立学校。
At__one__time__our__school__was__attached__to__a__public__school.
(二)拓展词
4.fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的→fatally adv. 致命地；不幸地
【语境感知】
The car accident was fatal, and the driver was fatally injured.
这次车祸是致命的，司机受了重伤。
5.regularly adv. 经常；定期地→regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的
【语境感知】
He exercises regularly, which helps him maintain a regular weight.
他经常锻炼，这有助于他保持正常的体重。
6.closing adj. 结尾的；结束的 n. 停业；关闭；倒闭→close v. (使)结束，终止；关闭
【语境感知】
The store was closed for the day, but in closing, the owner thanked all the customers for their support.
这家店今天关门了，但在关门时，店主感谢了所有顾客的支持。
7.mystery n. 神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj. 神秘的→mysteriously adv. 神秘地
【语境感知】
This mysteriously dressed stranger left a note with a mysterious message written on it, adding to the mystery of his identity.
这位穿着神秘的陌生人留下了一张纸条，上面写着一条神秘的信息，增加了他身份的神秘感。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①I'm going to give you ten minutes to deliver the closing (close) argument of your life.
②What happened to the paintings after that is an unsolved mystery (mysterious)．
③Schools regularly (regular) bring children to the beach for natural history lessons.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④我们定期会面，讨论工程进展情况。
We__meet__regularly__to__discuss__the__progress__of__the__project.
⑤那天早晨，空气中有一种神秘的气息。
There__was__something__mysterious__in__the__air__that__morning.
⑥忽视心脏病发作的早期预警信号是致命的。
It__is__fatal__to__ignore__the__early__warning__signs__of__a__heart__attack.
（三）熟词生义
8.resource [熟义] n. 资源；财力；物力 [生义] n. 勇气；才智；谋略
【语境感知】
①Only limited resources are available to support the charity's operations.
只有有限的资源可用于支持慈善机构的运作。
②He felt that all his resources could not defend him.
他感到自己的一切谋略都无法保护自己。
【学会理解】同义词替换
①I found him a man of rare resource, always thoroughly reliable.intelligence__才智
【学会表达】翻译句子
②学生们充分利用学校提供的资源来准备考试。
The__students__make__the__most__of__the__resource__provided__by__their__school__to__prepare__for__the__exams.
探究二 短语
9.result in 导致；造成(教材P44)
result相关短语： result in 导致；造成(指某原因必然导致的某种结果，即主语是原因，宾语是结果) result from 由……而引起的(指某种结果是由于某种原因而产生的，即主语是结果，宾语是原因) as a result 结果(在句中作状语) as a result of＝because of 因为，由于 without result 毫无结果，徒劳
【语境感知】
①Neglecting your health can result in serious health problems in the future.
忽视自己的健康可能会导致未来出现严重的健康问题。
②The car accident resulted from the driver's negligence and speeding.
这场车祸是由于司机的疏忽和超速造成的。
③As a result, services have been drastically reduced.
结果，服务被大大减少了。
④As a result of the pilots' strike, all flights had to be cancelled.
由于飞行员罢工，所有的航班都不得不取消。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The student's poor grades resulted from a lack of preparation.
②Millions will face starvation next year as a result of the drought.
③As a result, there were very few textbooks for the students to use.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④这个实验他做了两百次，毫无结果。
He__did__the__experiment__for__200__times__without__result.
⑤成千上万的动物被困在大火中，导致了死亡或受伤。
Thousands__of__animals__got__trapped__in__the__fire,__resulting__in__death__or__injury.
10.run out 用完；耗尽(教材P45)
run其他相关短语： run across 偶然碰见 run after 追赶；追求 run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等) run through 快速阅读；迅速传遍
【语境感知】
①The batteries in my remote control ran out just as I was about to start watching my favorite show.
就在我正要开始看我最喜欢的节目时，我的遥控器没电了。
②I ran across a rare book that I had been searching for while I was clearing out a cupboard.
我在打扫橱柜时偶然发现了一本我一直在找的珍本书。
③The little boy ran after his kite excitedly.
小男孩兴奋地追着风筝跑。
④The driver failed to negotiate a bend and ran into a tree.
该司机没能顺利转过一个弯，撞上了一棵树。
⑤A thrill of alarm ran through him.
一阵惊恐的感觉传遍他的全身。
run out “……用完”，为不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态，其主语通常是物(时间、食物、金钱等)。 run out of “用完……”，为及物动词短语，可用于被动语态。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The dog ran after the cat, chasing it through the yard.
②Yesterday I ran across/into a classmate of mine, who returned from England.
③He ran through the names on the list on the table.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④很快，钱被用完了，他们必须找到一份工作来谋生。
Soon,__the__money__began__to__run__out__and__they__must__find__a__job__to__earn__a__living.
⑤在去海滩的路上，我的汽车因为汽油耗尽而抛锚了。
My__car__broke__down__on__the__way__to__the__beach__because__it__had__run__out__of__petrol.
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义
(E)1.pattern (C)2.argument (D)3.high－end (A)4.oxygen (B)5.globe A．n. 氧；氧气 B．n. 地球；世界；地球仪 C．n. 争论；争吵；论点 D．adj. 高端的 E．n. 模式；图案；模范 (C)6.provide for sb (A)7.in closing (E)8.as a result (B)9.run out (D)10.argue with A．最后 B．用完；耗尽 C．提供生活所需 D．与……争论；与……争辩 E．所以；结果(是)
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．monitor n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控
2．shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的
3．argue vt.& vi. 论证；争辩；争论
4．analysis n. (对事物的)分析；分析结果
5．regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的
6．limited adj. 有限的
7．attach vt. 系；绑；贴
8．mystery n. 神秘事物；谜
9．resource n. 资源；财力；物力
10．fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Remember to take the medicine regularly (regular) three times a day.
2．They may only have a limited (limit) amount of time to get their points across.
3．While we all have this need for attachment (attach), the way we show it differs.
4．He was fatally (fatal) wounded as he tried to escape.
5．Mary described how she got into an argument (argue) with one of them.
6．It was a great achievement that a month later a global (globe) agreement was reached.
7．He entered the army in the closing (close) stages of the war.
8．The old castle has a mysterious (mystery) air about it, as if something strange has happened there.
Ⅳ.选词填空
shallow, high end, argue, attach, monitor, pattern, pillow, analysis
1．He unifies own employment history to discuss own several views shallowly．
2．Meetings are held periodically to__monitor progress on the case.
3．My bed is with three high pillows and the thick, warm cover.
4．He conducted several analyses of the data before drawing a conclusion.
5．He prefers to buy high end electronics products for the best performance.
6．We can't go on like this—we seem to be always arguing．
7．Patterns of language learning and language use are complex.
8．You can use this cable to__attach the printer to the computer.
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．At first, I didn't feel we belonged here, but now I am__attached__to__the__land (依恋这片土地) I live on.
2．The benefit which the big river brings to the villagers isn't__limited__to__agriculture (不仅限于农业).
3．Their food has__almost__run__out (几乎已经吃光了) and they are running__out__of__their__patience (正在耗尽他们的耐心)．
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
He__made__one__big__mistake,__and,__as__a__result,__he__lost__his__job.
2．如果我们现在不解决这个问题，将来它会导致更多的新问题。
If__we__don't__solve__this__problem__now,__it__will__result__in__more__new__problems__in__the__future.
3．他的生活条件很差，因为他必须养活家里的五口人。
His__living__conditions__are__very__bad__because__he__has__to__provide__for__five__people__in__his__family.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★★ ★★★ ★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·甘肃省兰州第一中学高一下期末)A home science experiment took__the__world__by__storm. Two teens from Toronto, Canada, sent a Lego man rising above the Earth and captured their tiny astronaut's trip on film.
Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad, both 17, used a weather balloon to launch their plastic lego model 16 miles above the Earth. This is inside a part of Earth's atmosphere.
The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The MIT students had launched a weather balloon with a camera into near space and taken many unusual images of the Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent four months figuring out how to launch their own spacecraft into the space. Traveling to space is expensive for NASA, but Mathew and Asad worked hard to keep their costs down. They bought much of their equipment used. In total, the project cost only $400.
“We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up，” Mathew told reporters. They had to pump extra helium (氦) into the balloon so that it would rise quickly and avoid being blown too far off course by the strong winds. The toy astronaut's journey lasted 97 minutes before the balloon broke and he fell back to Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent two weekends looking for their spacecraft. It had landed 76 miles away from the launch site.
The student scientists are currently finishing up their final year of high school and applying for colleges. They are also looking into more do it yourself space projects. “I guess the sky is not really the limit anymore，” Mathew told reporters. “We never knew we'd get this far. It's been a lesson for us that hard work pays off.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了两名加拿大多伦多的青少年进行的一项自制科学实验，他们利用气象气球将乐高小人送入近太空并拍摄了整个过程，实验的成功引起了广泛的关注。
1．By saying “took the world by storm” in the first paragraph, the writer meant the experiment ________．
A．harmed the world B．flooded the world
C．attracted the world D．managed the world
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Two teens from Toronto ... their tiny astronaut's trip on film.”可知，来自加拿大多伦多的两名青少年把一个乐高人送上了地球，并把他们的小宇航员之旅拍了下来。由此可推知，实验引起了全世界的极大关注和兴趣，就像一阵风暴席卷全球一样，took the world by storm意为“吸引了世界”。故选C。
2．Which of the following about the students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is mentioned in this passage
A．They were examples for Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
B．They helped Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad to achieve dream.
C．They launched a weather balloon together with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
D．They studied with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad in the same school.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The two teens were inspired ... Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)．”可推知，麻省理工学院的学生项目给了二人灵感，是他们的范例。故选A。
3．How did Mathew and Asad keep their costs down
A．By making the weather balloon themselves.
B．By borrowing spacecraft from the MIT students.
C．By making their spacecraft by hand.
D．By using second hand equipment.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Traveling to space is ... the project cost only $400. (到太空旅行对美国宇航局来说是昂贵的，但Mathew (马修)和Asad (阿萨德)努力降低成本。他们的大部分设备都是二手的。这个项目总共只花了400美元。)”可知，他们通过购买二手设备来降低成本。故选D。
4．What problems did Mathew and Asad have on launch day
A．They ran out of helium.
B．The wind was too strong.
C．The balloon suddenly broke.
D．Their spacecraft was blown away.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We had a lot of anxiety ... Mathew told reporters.”可知，他们在发射当天遇到的问题是风太大。故选B。
B
(2024·四川省成都市10县市高一下期末)The moon has no air, no water and an extreme 250℃， but the biggest challenge for scientists to set up camp is the loose dust. It damages space suits, affects scientific equipment and makes moving around difficult.
Now scientists have come up with a possible solution, showing that moon dust could be melted to create solid roads and landing areas by using a giant lens (透镜). “You might think: Streets on the moon, who needs that？” said Prof. Jens Gunster, “But in fact it's a kind of demand.”
Dust has destroyed previous missions, such as the Lunar Surveyor 3 spacecraft, and overcoming this challenge is urgent for NASA, which aims to establish an everlasting lunar base.
Taking building materials to the moon would be too expensive, so new solutions are needed. “You need to use what's there and that's simply loose dust，” said Gunster.
He, and his research team, experimented with a special material called EAC－1A, a substitute for the loose dust. They used a laser beam (激光) to heat the dust to about 1，600℃ to melt it. They then made it into triangle shapes, each about 25 cm across, to create solid roads and landing areas.
The process is slow and it would take about 100 days to create a landing spot measuring 10 meters by 10 meters. Gunster said, “A lens of about 2.37m2 would be needed. But dust would still be a problem for the lens. The lens will not work sooner or later because of the accumulated dust, so a shaking lens may help deal with this problem.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。针对月球上建立基地所面临的主要挑战——松散的月球灰尘，本文主要介绍了一种可能的解决方案：利用巨大的透镜融化月球尘埃来创建坚实的道路和着陆区。
5．What is the key problem in setting up camp on the moon according to the author
A．The loose dust.
B．The high temperature.
C．The expensive material.
D．The lack of water and air.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The moon has no air ... to set up camp is the loose dust.”可知，科学家们在月球上建立营地的最大挑战是松散的灰尘。故选A。
6．Which statement may the author agree with according to the text
A．Dust makes moving around the moon easy.
B．There is no need to build a road on the moon.
C．The process of construction on Earth is as slow as that on the moon.
D．Setting up an everlasting lunar base is an important task for NASA currently.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Dust has destroyed previous missions ... which aims to establish an everlasting lunar base.”可知，建立一个永久的月球基地对美国宇航局来说是一项重要的任务。故选D。
7．What does the underlined word “substitute” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Process. B．Base.
C．Replacement. D．Problem.
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“They used a laser beam (激光) ... to create solid roads and landing areas.(为了熔化灰尘，他们使用激光束将灰尘加热到约1，600℃。然后把它做成三角形，每个约25厘米宽，形成坚实的道路和着陆区域。)”可知，此处的灰尘指代前文所使用的特殊材料EAC－1A，即研究者使用特殊材料EAC－1A替代了月球上的尘土。画线词意为“代替”。故选C。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Solid Roads Can Be Built on the Moon
B．Building Material Will Be Taken to the Moon
C．Lens Can Be Used to Solve the Dust Problem on the Moon
D．A Permanent Lunar Base Will Be Built on the Moon
答案：C
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了月球上建立基地所面临的主要挑战——松散的月球灰尘，并介绍了一种可能的解决方案：利用巨大的透镜融化月球尘埃来创建坚实的道路和着陆区。C项(透镜可以用来解决月球上的灰尘问题)概括本文主要内容，可作为本文最佳标题。故选C。
Ⅱ 应用文写作
(2024·重庆市七校联盟高一下期末)假设你是李华，你所在的班级举行了一次班会，班会的主题是：太空探险的意义。请结合下表内容，用英语给校报写一篇文章，客观地介绍班会上同学们讨论的情况并表达你自己的观点。
赞同的理由 1.获得新知识； 2.从太空取得新资源； 3.扩大人类未来的生存空间。
反对的理由 1.耗资巨大； 2.宇航员的安全问题。
你自己的观点 ……
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Outer Space Exploration, YES or NO
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.
[精彩范文]
Outer Space Exploration, YES or NO
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day. Different students have different attitudes towards it.
Some of us think it important to research the outer space because, first of all, people can get a better understanding of the outer space. Second, new resources can be found there for human beings. Third, this exploration can possibly bring about new living space for human life in the near future.
However, others are strongly against it. They believe that it takes so much money to do this kind of exploration, which is not worth the value. Besides, it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work in the outer space.
In my opinion, people should be pioneering, and therefore the outer space exploration is worth trying out.
单元写作
单元写作——观点对比类议论文
观点对比类议论文属于说服性议论文，是对某个议论对象提出见解或主张并说明理由，并使之信服的文章。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非来确定其观点的正误，肯定或否定某种主张，从而达到让读者信服的目的。其写法与一般议论文的写法相同，应注意以下三点：
1．在开头提出议题，也就是提出论点。议题要开门见山，并且开头句往往是主题句。
2．议论时要有充分的论据，可以运用列举事实、展示数据、提供事例、借助常识或利用亲身经历的方法。正文部分是写作的重点，论证方法可以用归纳法、推理法、比较法等。
3．在结论部分发表自己的观点。观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可。
议论文写作四步法：
第一步：介绍话题，提出论点。给出一些历史背景或个人资料。
第二步：从正方辩论。给出实例，证明论点。
第三步：从反方辩论。给出实例，证明论点。
第四步：发表自己的观点。
Recently, students in our class have had a discussion on ______________ (讨论的话题)． On the one hand, some students think ____________________ (反对的观点). They think ________________ (反对的论据一). ________________ (反对的论据二)． On the other hand, most of them think ____________________ (赞成的观点). They think ________________ (赞成的论据一). ________________ (赞成的论据二)． As for me, ____________ (自己的观点)．
※开头常用句式
1．We had a discussion about whether it is necessary to ...
我们对是否有必要……进行了讨论。
2．We've had a survey on ...
我们做了一个关于……的调查。
3．We have held a discussion about whether it is good or not to ...
我们已经就……的利与弊进行了讨论。
※主体段落常用句式
1．Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
意见主要分为两类。
2．Different people, however, have different opinions/think quite differently on this matter.
然而，不同的人对这件事有不同的看法。
3．60% of the students are for the idea.
60%的学生赞成这个想法。
4．45% of the students hold the view that ... For one thing, ... For another thing, ...
45%的学生认为……一方面，……另一方面，……
5．A case in point is ...
一个典型的例子是……
6．However, the others are strongly against this opinion. To begin with ... What's more ... In addition ... Finally ...
然而，其他人却强烈反对这一观点。首先……而且……此外……最后……
※结尾常用句式
1．As for me ... /For my part ... /As far as I'm concerned ... /From my point of view ...
对我来说……/就我而言……/在我看来……/从我的观点来看……
2．In conclusion, I am for the former opinion that ...
综上所述，我支持前者观点，即……
3．Everything has its advantages and disadvantages.
每件事都有优点和缺点。
最近，你班同学就“探索太空是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下面提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况，并谈谈自己的看法。
30%的同学认为太空不值得探索。
理由：
1．离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远；
2．浪费金钱。
70%的同学认为太空值得探索。
理由：
1．已使用卫星进行通讯传播、天气预报；
2．有望解决人口问题。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether space is worth exploring.
[精彩范文]
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.
30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile, holding the belief that space exploration is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money.
However, 70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it, such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What's more, with further space research, we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day.
As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life.
22(共87张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
单元主题：人与自然——太空探索
Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．globe n. _______________________
2．argument n. ___________________
3．pattern n. ___________________
4．high end adj. _________
5．foam n. ________________
6．pillow n. _______
7．smartphone n. ________________
8．in closing ________________
9．oxygen n．________________
地球；世界；地球仪
争论；争吵；论点
模式；图案；模范
高端的
泡沫橡胶；泡沫
枕头
智能手机
最后
氧；氧气
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．________ vt.& vi. 论证；争辩；争论
2．________ adj. 肤浅的；浅的
3．________ n. (对事物的)分析；分析结果
4．________ n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控
5．________ adj. 有限的
6．________ vt. 系；绑；贴
argue
shallow
analysis
monitor
limited
attach
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．________ adj. 致命的；灾难性的→________ adv. 致命地；不幸地
2．________ adv. 经常；定期地→________ adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的
3．________ adj. 结尾的；结束的 n. 停业；关闭；倒闭→________ v. (使)结束，终止；关闭
4．________ n. 神秘事物；谜→ ___________ adj. 神秘的→___________ adv. 神秘地
fatal
fatally
regularly
regular
closing
close
mystery
mysterious
mysteriously
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
resource 熟义：n. ___________________
生义：n. 勇气；才智；谋略
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1．__________ 导致；造成
2．__________ 所以；结果(是)
3．______________ 提供生活所需
4．________ 用完；耗尽
资源；财力；物力
result in
as a result
provide for sb
run out
自主学习 课文语篇
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or1 other planets much further away. Some people argue that2 we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow view which3 fails to realise how4 exploring space5 helps us
课文三维剖析
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY
探索太空是浪费时间和金钱吗？
1意为“__________________”
2引导________从句
3引导_____从句，修饰_____
4引导________从句
5动名词短语作________
无论……还是……
宾语
定语
view
宾语
主语
世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务，无论是去火星还是更远的星球。一部分人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。相反，我们应该解决世界上穷人的温饱问题，并尽快找到污染、致命性疾病等其他问题的解决方案。然而，另一部分人觉得这是一种肤浅的观点，没有认识到探索太空给我们带来的好处。
笔记空间﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
6动名词短语作________
7引导______从句，修饰
________________
8不定式短语作__________
9不定式短语作__________
Firstly, exploring space6 has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that7 now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food8 to feed Earth's increasing population9.
主语
定语
many satellites
后置定语
目的状语
首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。许多卫星记录着陆地与天气模式数据，然后把这些数据传输给地球上的科学家。经过仔细的分析，科学家们可以为农民提供有用的建议和意见。因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。
笔记空间﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
10引导______从句，修饰______________
11介词短语作_________
12引导_______从句，修饰___________________
13不定式短语作
__________
14引导______从句，修饰__________
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that10 benefit us all. High end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of11 advanced technology which12 was first created to meet the requirements13 for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that14 doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products, such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras, are changing our lives.
定语
improvements
原因状语
定语
advanced technology
目的状语
定语
machines
其次，太空探索推动了科技进步，使全人类受益。由于采用了先进的技术，如今全球高端产品的生产标准提高了，而这些技术最初是为了满足太空探索的要求而研制出来的。例如，太空技术促进了各种新型材料的研发，还帮助一些公司制造出更好的心脏监测仪以及医生经常使用的其他设备。如今，太空技术广泛应用于各行各业，一些日用产品，如记忆海绵枕头、智能手机摄像头等，正在改变我们的生活。
笔记空间﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
15动名词短语作______
16连接两个动词不定式短语____________________________和__________，作____________
17不定式短语作___________
18动名词短语作_______
Finally, sending astronauts into space15 has helped people to think about the world's problems and16 even to find ways to solve them17. Seeing pictures of our planet18 as an island in a black sea made people realise that19 our planet's resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population20, scientists are trying to find other planets that21 could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because22 it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets.
主语
to think about the world's problems
to find ways
宾语补足语
后置定语
主语
19引导______从句
20不定式短语作__________
21引导_______从句，修饰____________
22引导___________从句
最后，将航天员送入太空促使人们思考全球问题，甚至去寻找解决办法。看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。目前最受关注的是火星，因为它离地球较近。未来，人类很可能居住在这两个星球上。
宾语
目的状语
定语
other planets
原因状语
23动名词短语作
_______
24不定式短语作
_________
In closing, exploring space23 provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions24 to people's short term and long term problems.
总而言之，太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。因此，这项事业应该继续下去，以便为人类(面临的)长期问题和短期问题提供更好的更新的解决方案。
主语
目的状语
(一)根据课文信息完成表格
阅读领悟
helps
reasons
benefits
hunger
improvements
world's
ways
conclusion
(二)填入适当的衔接词或内容，完成段意
Para.1：_____________________________ stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. ____________________ this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
Para.2：________， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
Some people argue that we should
However, others feel
Firstly
Para.3：__________， space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.
Para.4：________， sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways to solve them.
Para.5：____________， exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
Secondly
Finally
In closing
(三)相关话题语块
1．________________ 世界各地
2．________________ 肤浅的观点
3．_____________________________ 立即找到……的解决方案
4．__________ 导致；造成
5．__________________________ 与世界饥饿的对抗
around the globe
a shallow view
find immediate solutions to ...
result in
the fight against world hunger
6．provide useful recommendations and advice _________________________
7．the resources on Earth will run out ______________________
8．promote technological improvements __________________
9．provide the world with many different benefits __________________________
10．provide new and better solutions to _______________________________
提供有用的建议和意见
地球上的资源将会耗尽
推动科技进步
为世界提供了各方面的好处
为……提供新的更好的解决方案
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
（一）高频词
argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
argue with 与……争论；与……争辩
argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争论某事
argue for/against (doing) sth 据理力争/反对(做)某事
argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that ... 认为/主张……
have an argument with sb 与某人争吵
settle an argument 解决争端
1.argue vt.& vi. 论证；争辩；争论；说服；主张(教材P44)
【语境感知】
①My parents always argue with each other about money management, but they eventually find a compromise.
我父母总是就资金管理问题争论不休，但他们最终找到了一个折中的办法。
②Health experts argue against smoking, saying its harmful effects on the body.
健康专家反对吸烟，称吸烟对身体有害。
③The salesperson skillfully argued me into buying the latest smartphone model.
售货员巧妙地说服我买了最新款的智能手机。
④(2024·北京高考)The 18th century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things in themselves that are unknowable.
18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。
⑤We had an argument with the waiter about the bill.
我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①We tried to argue him ________ joining us in helping the homeless.
②She argued ________ taxes must be increased to pay for public services.
③My friend argued _______ my decision to quit my job, saying I should stick it out.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④他说服我买了一件新的夹克衫。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤我今天有点生气，因为我和老板争吵了。
____________________________________________________________________
into
that
against
He argued me into buying a new jacket.
I feel a bit angry today because I had an argument with my boss.
limit v. 限制；限定 n. 限制；限度；(区域的)界限；(可能行动或结果的)范围
limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的
be limited to 受限于……
limit ... to ... 把……限制在……范围内
set a limit to 限定范围在……
there is a/no limit to ... ……是有/无限度的
within limits 适当地，在一定范围内
2.limited adj. 有限的(教材P44)
【语境感知】
①Many people in China have limited exposure to English.
许多中国人接触英语的机会有限。
②My knowledge of the subject is limited to what I've read in books.
我对这门学科的知识仅限于我在书中读到的。
③There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.
我们能承受的痛苦是有限的。
④In the circumstances we'll tell you what we can, within limits, of course, and in confidence.
在这种情况下，我们会告诉你我们能做的，当然是在一定范围内，而且是保密的。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She has limited herself ________ 1，000 calories a day to keep fit.
②Her tone implied that her patience was ________ (limit).
③There is ________ limit to one's life, but ________ limit to serving the people.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④你不得不限制这趟旅行的费用。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤教授历史不应该局限于讲年代和人物。
____________________________________________________________________
to
limited
a
no
You have to set a limit to the expense of the trip.
The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures.
attached adj. 热爱……的；附属的
attachment n. 附属；依恋；附件
attach ... to ... 把……固定/附在……上
attach importance/significance to ... 认为……有重要性/意义；重视……
be attached to 附属于；依恋
3.attach vt. 系；绑；贴(教材P46)
【语境感知】
①Some models come with attachments for dusting.
一些模型带有除尘装置。
②Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
在申请表上附上一张近期的照片。
③The keychain is attached to my bag so I won't lose it.
钥匙扣附在我的包上，所以我不会把它弄丢的。
④The employee has been working there for over 20 years and is deeply attached to the company.
该员工已经在这里工作了20多年，对公司有着深厚的感情。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①You'd better attach labels ________ things before you file them away.
②For simplicity, use only one _____________ (attach) for our test.
③She is very ________ (attach) to her family and friends.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④我们应该重视儿童的心理健康。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤我们学校曾经附属于一所公立学校。
____________________________________________________________________
to
attachment
attached
We should attach importance/significance to children's mental health.
At one time our school was attached to a public school.
4.fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的→_________ adv. 致命地；不幸地
【语境感知】
The car accident was fatal, and the driver was fatally injured.
这次车祸是致命的，司机受了重伤。
fatally
（二）拓展词
5.regularly adv. 经常；定期地→_________ adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的
【语境感知】
He exercises regularly, which helps him maintain a regular weight.
他经常锻炼，这有助于他保持正常的体重。
regular
6.closing adj. 结尾的；结束的 n. 停业；关闭；倒闭→________ v. (使)结束，终止；关闭
【语境感知】
The store was closed for the day, but in closing, the owner thanked all the customers for their support.
这家店今天关门了，但在关门时，店主感谢了所有顾客的支持。
close
7.mystery n. 神秘事物；谜→_____________ adj. 神秘的→ ____________ adv. 神秘地
【语境感知】
This mysteriously dressed stranger left a note with a mysterious message written on it, adding to the mystery of his identity.
这位穿着神秘的陌生人留下了一张纸条，上面写着一条神秘的信息，增加了他身份的神秘感。
mysterious
mysteriously
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①I'm going to give you ten minutes to deliver the ________ (close) argument of your life.
②What happened to the paintings after that is an unsolved ________ (mysterious)．
③Schools ________ (regular) bring children to the beach for natural history lessons.
closing
mystery
regularly
【学会表达】翻译句子
④我们定期会面，讨论工程进展情况。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤那天早晨，空气中有一种神秘的气息。
____________________________________________________________________
⑥忽视心脏病发作的早期预警信号是致命的。
____________________________________________________________________
We meet regularly to discuss the progress of the project.
There was something mysterious in the air that morning.
It is fatal to ignore the early warning signs of a heart attack.
8.resource [熟义] n. 资源；财力；物力
[生义] n. _________________
【语境感知】
①Only limited resources are available to support the charity's operations.
只有有限的资源可用于支持慈善机构的运作。
②He felt that all his resources could not defend him.
他感到自己的一切谋略都无法保护自己。
（三）熟词生义
勇气；才智；谋略
【学会理解】同义词替换
①I found him a man of rare resource, always thoroughly reliable.______________
【学会表达】翻译句子
②学生们充分利用学校提供的资源来准备考试。
____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
intelligence 才智
The students make the most of the resource provided by their school to prepare for the exams.
探究二 短语
result相关短语：
result in 导致；造成(指某原因必然导致的某种结果，即主语是原因，宾语是结果)
result from 由……而引起的(指某种结果是由于某种原因而产生的，即主语是结果，宾语是原因)
as a result 结果(在句中作状语)
as a result of＝because of 因为，由于
without result 毫无结果，徒劳
9.result in 导致；造成(教材P44)
【语境感知】
①Neglecting your health can result in serious health problems in the future.
忽视自己的健康可能会导致未来出现严重的健康问题。
②The car accident resulted from the driver's negligence and speeding.
这场车祸是由于司机的疏忽和超速造成的。
③As a result, services have been drastically reduced.
结果，服务被大大减少了。
④As a result of the pilots' strike, all flights had to be cancelled.
由于飞行员罢工，所有的航班都不得不取消。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The student's poor grades resulted ________ a lack of preparation.
②Millions will face starvation next year as a result ________ the drought.
③________ a result, there were very few textbooks for the students to use.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④这个实验他做了两百次，毫无结果。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤成千上万的动物被困在大火中，导致了死亡或受伤。
____________________________________________________________________
from
of
As
He did the experiment for 200 times without result.
Thousands of animals got trapped in the fire, resulting in death or injury.
run其他相关短语：
run across 偶然碰见
run after 追赶；追求
run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等)
run through 快速阅读；迅速传遍
10.run out 用完；耗尽(教材P45)
【语境感知】
①The batteries in my remote control ran out just as I was about to start watching my favorite show.
就在我正要开始看我最喜欢的节目时，我的遥控器没电了。
②I ran across a rare book that I had been searching for while I was clearing out a cupboard.
我在打扫橱柜时偶然发现了一本我一直在找的珍本书。
③The little boy ran after his kite excitedly.
小男孩兴奋地追着风筝跑。
④The driver failed to negotiate a bend and ran into a tree.
该司机没能顺利转过一个弯，撞上了一棵树。
⑤A thrill of alarm ran through him.
一阵惊恐的感觉传遍他的全身。
run out “……用完”，为不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态，其主语通常是物(时间、食物、金钱等)。
run out of “用完……”，为及物动词短语，可用于被动语态。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The dog ran ________ the cat, chasing it through the yard.
②Yesterday I ran ___________ a classmate of mine, who returned from England.
③He ran __________ the names on the list on the table.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④很快，钱被用完了，他们必须找到一份工作来谋生。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤在去海滩的路上，我的汽车因为汽油耗尽而抛锚了。
____________________________________________________________________
after
across/into
through
Soon, the money began to run out and they must find a job to earn a living.
My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had run out of petrol.
对点练习 巩固所学
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义 (____)1.pattern (____)2.argument (____)3.high－end (____)4.oxygen (____)5.globe A．n. 氧；氧气 B．n. 地球；世界；地球仪 C．n. 争论；争吵；论点 D．adj. 高端的 E．n. 模式；图案；模范 (____)6.provide for sb (____)7.in closing (____)8.as a result (____)9.run out (____)10.argue with A．最后
B．用完；耗尽
C．提供生活所需
D．与……争论；与……争辩
E．所以；结果
(是)
Ⅰ.匹配词义
E
C
D
A
B
C
A
E
B
D
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．________ n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控
2．________ adj. 肤浅的；浅的
3．________ vt.& vi. 论证；争辩；争论
4．________ n. (对事物的)分析；分析结果
5．________ adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的
monitor
shallow
argue
analysis
regular
6．________ adj. 有限的
7．________ vt. 系；绑；贴
8．________ n. 神秘事物；谜
9．________ n. 资源；财力；物力
10．________ adj. 致命的；灾难性的
limited
attach
mystery
resource
fatal
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Remember to take the medicine ___________ (regular) three times a day.
2．They may only have a ________ (limit) amount of time to get their points across.
3．While we all have this need for __________ (attach), the way we show it differs.
4．He was ________ (fatal) wounded as he tried to escape.
regularly
limited
attachment
fatally
5．Mary described how she got into an __________ (argue) with one of them.
6．It was a great achievement that a month later a ________ (globe) agreement was reached.
7．He entered the army in the ________ (close) stages of the war.
8．The old castle has a ____________ (mystery) air about it, as if something strange has happened there.
argument
global
closing
mysterious
Ⅳ.选词填空
1．He unifies own employment history to discuss own several views __________．
2．Meetings are held periodically ___________ progress on the case.
3．My bed is with three high ________ and the thick, warm cover.
4．He conducted several ________ of the data before drawing a conclusion.
5．He prefers to buy __________ electronics products for the best performance.
6．We can't go on like this—we seem to be always ________．
7．________of language learning and language use are complex.
8．You can use this cable ________ the printer to the computer.
shallowly
shallow, high end, argue, attach, monitor, pattern, pillow, analysis
to monitor
pillows
analyses
high end
arguing
Patterns
to attach
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．At first, I didn't feel we belonged here, but now I ______________________ (依恋这片土地) I live on.
2．The benefit which the big river brings to the villagers _____________________ (不仅限于农业).
3．Their food ________________ (几乎已经吃光了) and they are ________________________ (正在耗尽他们的耐心)．
am attached to the land
isn't limited to agriculture
has almost run out
running out of their patience
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
____________________________________________________________________
2．如果我们现在不解决这个问题，将来它会导致更多的新问题。
____________________________________________________________________
3．他的生活条件很差，因为他必须养活家里的五口人。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He made one big mistake, and, as a result, he lost his job.
If we don't solve this problem now, it will result in more new problems in the future.
His living conditions are very bad because he has to provide for five people in his family.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·甘肃省兰州第一中学高一下期末)A home science experiment took the world by storm. Two teens from Toronto, Canada, sent a Lego man rising above the Earth and captured their tiny astronaut's trip on film.
Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad, both 17, used a weather balloon to launch their plastic lego model 16 miles above the Earth. This is inside a part of Earth's atmosphere.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 难度 ★★ ★★★ ★
The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The MIT students had launched a weather balloon with a camera into near space and taken many unusual images of the Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent four months figuring out how to launch their own spacecraft into the space. Traveling to space is expensive for NASA, but Mathew and Asad worked hard to keep their costs down. They bought much of their equipment used. In total, the project cost only $400.
“We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up，” Mathew told reporters. They had to pump extra helium (氦) into the balloon so that it would rise quickly and avoid being blown too far off course by the strong winds. The toy astronaut's journey lasted 97 minutes before the balloon broke and he fell back to Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent two weekends looking for their spacecraft. It had landed 76 miles away from the launch site.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了两名加拿大多伦多的青少年进行的一项自制科学实验，他们利用气象气球将乐高小人送入近太空并拍摄了整个过程，实验的成功引起了广泛的关注。
The student scientists are currently finishing up their final year of high school and applying for colleges. They are also looking into more do it yourself space projects. “I guess the sky is not really the limit anymore，” Mathew told reporters. “We never knew we'd get this far. It's been a lesson for us that hard work pays off.”
1．By saying “took the world by storm” in the first paragraph, the writer meant the experiment ________．
A．harmed the world B．flooded the world
C．attracted the world D．managed the world
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Two teens from Toronto ... their tiny astronaut's trip on film.”可知，来自加拿大多伦多的两名青少年把一个乐高人送上了地球，并把他们的小宇航员之旅拍了下来。由此可推知，实验引起了全世界的极大关注和兴趣，就像一阵风暴席卷全球一样，took the world by storm意为“吸引了世界”。故选C。
2．Which of the following about the students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is mentioned in this passage
A．They were examples for Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
B．They helped Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad to achieve dream.
C．They launched a weather balloon together with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
D．They studied with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad in the same school.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The two teens were inspired ... Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)．”可推知，麻省理工学院的学生项目给了二人灵感，是他们的范例。故选A。
3．How did Mathew and Asad keep their costs down
A．By making the weather balloon themselves.
B．By borrowing spacecraft from the MIT students.
C．By making their spacecraft by hand.
D．By using second hand equipment.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Traveling to space is ... the project cost only $400. (到太空旅行对美国宇航局来说是昂贵的，但Mathew (马修)和Asad (阿萨德)努力降低成本。他们的大部分设备都是二手的。这个项目总共只花了400美元。)”可知，他们通过购买二手设备来降低成本。故选D。
4．What problems did Mathew and Asad have on launch day
A．They ran out of helium.
B．The wind was too strong.
C．The balloon suddenly broke.
D．Their spacecraft was blown away.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We had a lot of anxiety ... Mathew told reporters.”可知，他们在发射当天遇到的问题是风太大。故选B。
B
(2024·四川省成都市10县市高一下期末)The moon has no air, no water and an extreme 250℃， but the biggest challenge for scientists to set up camp is the loose dust. It damages space suits, affects scientific equipment and makes moving around difficult.
Now scientists have come up with a possible solution, showing that moon dust could be melted to create solid roads and landing areas by using a giant lens (透镜). “You might think: Streets on the moon, who needs that？” said Prof. Jens Gunster, “But in fact it's a kind of demand.”
Dust has destroyed previous missions, such as the Lunar Surveyor 3 spacecraft, and overcoming this challenge is urgent for NASA, which aims to establish an everlasting lunar base.
Taking building materials to the moon would be too expensive, so new solutions are needed. “You need to use what's there and that's simply loose dust，” said Gunster.
He, and his research team, experimented with a special material called EAC－1A, a substitute for the loose dust. They used a laser beam (激光) to heat the dust to about 1，600℃ to melt it. They then made it into triangle shapes, each about 25 cm across, to create solid roads and landing areas.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。针对月球上建立基地所面临的主要挑战——松散的月球灰尘，本文主要介绍了一种可能的解决方案：利用巨大的透镜融化月球尘埃来创建坚实的道路和着陆区。
The process is slow and it would take about 100 days to create a landing spot measuring 10 meters by 10 meters. Gunster said, “A lens of about 2.37m2 would be needed. But dust would still be a problem for the lens. The lens will not work sooner or later because of the accumulated dust, so a shaking lens may help deal with this problem.”
5．What is the key problem in setting up camp on the moon according to the author
A．The loose dust.
B．The high temperature.
C．The expensive material.
D．The lack of water and air.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The moon has no air ... to set up camp is the loose dust.”可知，科学家们在月球上建立营地的最大挑战是松散的灰尘。故选A。
6．Which statement may the author agree with according to the text
A．Dust makes moving around the moon easy.
B．There is no need to build a road on the moon.
C．The process of construction on Earth is as slow as that on the moon.
D．Setting up an everlasting lunar base is an important task for NASA currently.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Dust has destroyed previous missions ... which aims to establish an everlasting lunar base.”可知，建立一个永久的月球基地对美国宇航局来说是一项重要的任务。故选D。
7．What does the underlined word “substitute” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Process. B．Base.
C．Replacement. D．Problem.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“They used a laser beam (激光) ... to create solid roads and landing areas.(为了熔化灰尘，他们使用激光束将灰尘加热到约1，600℃。然后把它做成三角形，每个约25厘米宽，形成坚实的道路和着陆区域。)”可知，此处的灰尘指代前文所使用的特殊材料EAC－1A，即研究者使用特殊材料EAC－1A替代了月球上的尘土。画线词意为“代替”。故选C。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Solid Roads Can Be Built on the Moon
B．Building Material Will Be Taken to the Moon
C．Lens Can Be Used to Solve the Dust Problem on the Moon
D．A Permanent Lunar Base Will Be Built on the Moon
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了月球上建立基地所面临的主要挑战——松散的月球灰尘，并介绍了一种可能的解决方案：利用巨大的透镜融化月球尘埃来创建坚实的道路和着陆区。C项(透镜可以用来解决月球上的灰尘问题)概括本文主要内容，可作为本文最佳标题。故选C。
Ⅱ 应用文写作
(2024·重庆市七校联盟高一下期末)假设你是李华，你所在的班级举行了一次班会，班会的主题是：太空探险的意义。请结合下表内容，用英语给校报写一篇文章，客观地介绍班会上同学们讨论的情况并表达你自己的观点。
赞同的理由 1.获得新知识；
2.从太空取得新资源；
3.扩大人类未来的生存空间。
反对的理由 1.耗资巨大；
2.宇航员的安全问题。
你自己的观点 ……
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Outer Space Exploration, YES or NO
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Outer Space Exploration, YES or NO
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day. Different students have different attitudes towards it.
Some of us think it important to research the outer space because, first of all, people can get a better understanding of the outer space. Second, new resources can be found there for human beings. Third, this exploration can possibly bring about new living space for human life in the near future.
However, others are strongly against it. They believe that it takes so much money to do this kind of exploration, which is not worth the value. Besides, it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work in the outer space.
In my opinion, people should be pioneering, and therefore the outer space exploration is worth trying out.
观点对比类议论文属于说服性议论文，是对某个议论对象提出见解或主张并说明理由，并使之信服的文章。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非来确定其观点的正误，肯定或否定某种主张，从而达到让读者信服的目的。其写法与一般议论文的写法相同，应注意以下三点：
1．在开头提出议题，也就是提出论点。议题要开门见山，并且开头句往往是主题句。
单元写作
单元写作——观点对比类议论文
2．议论时要有充分的论据，可以运用列举事实、展示数据、提供事例、借助常识或利用亲身经历的方法。正文部分是写作的重点，论证方法可以用归纳法、推理法、比较法等。
3．在结论部分发表自己的观点。观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可。
议论文写作四步法：
第一步：介绍话题，提出论点。给出一些历史背景或个人资料。
第二步：从正方辩论。给出实例，证明论点。
第三步：从反方辩论。给出实例，证明论点。
第四步：发表自己的观点。
Recently, students in our class have had a discussion on ______________ (讨论的话题)．
On the one hand, some students think ____________________ (反对的观点). They think _______________ (反对的论据一). ________________ (反对的论据二)．
On the other hand, most of them think ____________________ (赞成的观点). They think _______________ (赞成的论据一). ________________ (赞成的论据二)．
As for me, ____________ (自己的观点)．
※开头常用句式
1．We had a discussion about whether it is necessary to ...
我们对是否有必要……进行了讨论。
2．We've had a survey on ...
我们做了一个关于……的调查。
3．We have held a discussion about whether it is good or not to ...
我们已经就……的利与弊进行了讨论。
※主体段落常用句式
1．Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
意见主要分为两类。
2．Different people, however, have different opinions/think quite differently on this matter.
然而，不同的人对这件事有不同的看法。
3．60% of the students are for the idea.
60%的学生赞成这个想法。
4．45% of the students hold the view that ... For one thing, ... For another thing, ...
45%的学生认为……一方面，……另一方面，……
5．A case in point is ...
一个典型的例子是……
6．However, the others are strongly against this opinion. To begin with ... What's more ... In addition ... Finally ...
然而，其他人却强烈反对这一观点。首先……而且……此外……最后……
※结尾常用句式
1．As for me ... /For my part ... /As far as I'm concerned ... /From my point of view ...
对我来说……/就我而言……/在我看来……/从我的观点来看……
2．In conclusion, I am for the former opinion that ...
综上所述，我支持前者观点，即……
3．Everything has its advantages and disadvantages.
每件事都有优点和缺点。
最近，你班同学就“探索太空是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下面提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况，并谈谈自己的看法。
30%的同学认为太空不值得探索。
理由：
1．离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远；
2．浪费金钱。
70%的同学认为太空值得探索。
理由：
1．已使用卫星进行通讯传播、天气预报；
2．有望解决人口问题。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether space is worth exploring. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.
30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile, holding the belief that space exploration is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money.
However, 70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it, such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What's more, with further space research, we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day.
As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life.
