英语 必修 第三册 RJ
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
& Listening and Talking
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力
2．solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
3．solar system 太阳系；类太阳系
4．soap n. 肥皂
5．towel n. 毛巾；抹布
6．telescope n. 望远镜
7．microwave n. 微波炉
8．tissue n. 纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
2．lack n. 缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏
3．float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流
4．otherwise adv. 否则；要不然
5．beyond prep. 在更远处；超出
6．keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．current adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮→currently adv. 当前；目前
2．sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的→ sufficiently adv. 充分地；足够地
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
facility 熟义：n. 设施；设备
生义：n. (学习、做事的)天资，才能，天赋
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
figure__out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
观察下列句子并写出黑体部分的功能
1．He hopes to be offered a job to drive taxis.后置定语
2．She hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone. 结果状语
3．Will you be able to attend the lecture to be given by Professor Li tomorrow 后置定语
4．On arriving home, Jack was surprised to find his door open.原因状语
5．An investigation is under way to find out how the disaster happened. 目的状语
探究一 热词
(一)高频词
1.lack n. 缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏(教材P42)
lacking adj. 缺乏的；短缺的 (a) lack of ... 缺乏……；短缺…… for lack of ... 因为……的缺乏 lack confidence/determination 缺乏信心/决心 lack (for) nothing 没有欠缺 be lacking in 在……方面缺乏/欠缺
【语境感知】
①His failure in the exam was due to lack of preparation.
他考试失败是因为缺乏准备。
②They were unable to complete the task for lack of resources.
他们因资源不足而无法完成任务。
③As the only child of wealthy parents, he lacked for nothing.
作为富裕家庭的独子，他什么都不缺。
④She felt nervous, increasingly lacking in confidence about herself.
她感到紧张，对自己越来越缺乏信心。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The girl isn't willing to attend the party for lack of a proper dress.
②Judging from his conduct, I assume he is lacking in education.
③I lacked for nothing, for he was both father and mother to me.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④她因缺乏交通工具而无法参加会议。
She__was__unable__to__attend__the__meeting__due__to__a__lack__of__transportation.
⑤如果他们在说谎，他们的答案可能会缺乏细节。
If__they're__lying,__their__answers__will__probably__be__lacking__in__detail.
2.beyond prep. 在更远处；超出；非(某人)所能理解(教材P42)
beyond相关短语： be beyond sb 使某人无法想象(或理解) beyond imagination 超乎想象 beyond belief 不可置信 beyond (one's) control 超出(某人的)控制 beyond description/endurance 难以形容/忍受 beyond expectation 出乎意料 beyond doubt/question 毋庸置疑 beyond repair 无法修理 beyond recognition 无法识别/辨认
【语境感知】
①Why Joan ever married such an idiot in the first place is beyond me.
琼当初为什么嫁给这样一个白痴，我真不明白。
②Sweden is lovely in summer—cold beyond belief in winter.
瑞典的夏天非常宜人——冬天却冷得令人难以置信。
③Tonight's performance has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond control.
由于无法控制的情况，今晚的演出取消了。
④The necessity and urgency of that are beyond doubt.
这样做的必要性和紧迫性是毋庸置疑的。
⑤He survived the accident, but his car was damaged beyond repair.
他在事故中幸免于难，但他的汽车却损坏得无法修理了。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Why on earth he's trying to claim it is beyond me (I).
②The sight in the mountains was beautiful beyond description (describe)．
③Beyond question, this is an important contribution to mankind.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④自从我上次离开这里以来，这座小镇已经变得让人认不出来了。
The__town__has__changed__beyond__recognition__since__I__was__last__here.
⑤云南这片土地的确充满了无法想象的魅力和美。
The__land__of__Yunnan__is__indeed__filled__with__charm__and__beauty__beyond__imagination.
3.keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的(教材P43)
keenly adv. 敏锐地；热切地 be keen on (doing) sth 热衷于(做)某事 be keen to do sth 渴望做某事 be keen that ... 渴望……；热切期望……
【语境感知】
①They are keenly aware that this will be their last chance to succeed.
他们敏锐地意识到这将是他们成功的最后机会。
②She's not keen on being told what to do.
她不喜欢别人向她发号施令。
③The 40 year old said he is keen to see the city become vibrant again.
40岁的他说，他渴望看到这座城市再次充满活力。
④The chairman is keen that the company should expand its product range.
董事长迫切希望公司扩大产品范围。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The young player is keen to__win (win) a gold medal in the Winter Olympic Games.
②He keenly (keen) felt that he should do something to help.
③We are all keen that the school should get involved too.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④年轻人热衷于建立有意义的人际关系。
Young__people__are__keen__on__building__meaningful__relationships.
⑤父母渴望他们的女儿成为音乐家。
The__parents__were__keen__that__their__daughter__should__become__a__musician.
(二)拓展词
4.current adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮→currently adv. 当前；目前
【语境感知】
My current job is teaching, and I'm currently preparing lessons for my students.
我当前的工作是教书，目前正在为我的学生备课。
5.sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的→sufficiently adv. 充分地；足够地
【语境感知】
The light in the room is sufficient for reading, and it illuminates the pages sufficiently.
房间里的光线足够阅读，也能充分照亮书页。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The food at the restaurant was sufficiently (sufficient) tasty to satisfy my hunger.
②Currently (current), over 500 students are enrolled on the course.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③第二天，她感觉身体好多了，可以去上班了。
The__following__day__she__felt__sufficiently__well__to__go__to__work.
④他逆着急流游向岸边。
He__swam__to__the__shore__against__a__strong__current.
（三）熟词生义
6.facility [熟义] n. 设施；设备 [生义] n. (学习、做事的)天资，才能，天赋
【语境感知】
①The hotel has its own pool and leisure facilities.
这家酒店有自己的游泳池和休闲设施。
②He plays the piano with surprising facility.
他弹钢琴的天赋令人惊讶。
【学会理解】同义词替换
①She has a great facility for adapting new environments. faculty__天赋
【学会表达】翻译句子
②这所学校拥有出色的体育设施，包括一个大型体育馆和几个户外运动场。
The__school__has__excellent__sports__facilities,__including__a__large__gym__and__several__outdoor__playing__fields.
探究二 短语
7.figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白(教材P42)
其他常见“动词＋out”相关短语： break out (战争、灾难等)爆发；发生 give out 分发；用完；耗尽，精疲力尽；发出(热、光等) come out 出现；出版；结果是 work out 算出；想出；制订出；产生结果；被证明有效 bring out 使显出；出版；生产
【语境感知】
①When Saturday finally arrived, Kevin still hadn't figured out what he was going to do.
当星期六终于来到时，凯文仍然没有想出他要做什么。
②After a month their food supplies gave out.
一个月后，他们的食物供应用完了。
③The sky cleared and the sun came out.
天空放晴，太阳出来了。
④They're trying to work out a peace formula acceptable to both sides in the dispute.
他们正在设法制订出一个争执双方都可以接受的和平方案。
⑤He's bringing out a new album next month.
他下个月将推出一张新专辑。
【学会运用】选词填空(work out/figure out/break out)
①Fighting broke__out in three districts of the city last night.
②They worked__out an effective method, which was confirmed by the leadership.
③We spent about one month in figuring__out how to start the equipment.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④如今，研究人员已经解开他们秘密的一部分。
Now__researchers__have__figured__out__part__of__their__secret.
⑤当我们离目的地只有几英里的路程时，汽油用完了。
When__we__were__only__a__few__miles__from__our__destination__the__petrol__gave__out.
探究三 长难句分析
8.As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.(教材P42) 众所周知，宇航员在太空中工作需要保持健康和冷静。
【分析】 as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如；如同”。 as引导的从句： “正如；如同”，引导非限制性定语从句 “随着，当……时”，引导时间状语从句 “因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句 “尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，相当于though “照……方式”，引导方式状语从句 “像……一样”，引导比较状语从句
【语境感知】
①As we all know, knowledge is power.
众所周知，知识就是力量。
②As days passed, the weather gradually improved, bringing warmer temperatures.
随着时间的推移，天气逐渐好转，气温升高。
③I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.
我想单独去做，因为我一直更喜欢这样做。
④You're as tall as your father.
你和你的父亲一样高。
⑤Hard as he worked, he failed to pass the exam.
尽管他努力学习了，但他还是没能通过考试。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It's not as hard as I thought.
②As he suggested, things should be as simple as possible, but no simpler.
③Happy as/though they were, there was something missing.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。
She__sobbed__loudly__as__I__threw__the__cake__away.
⑤你不在，所以我留了一张字条儿。
As__you__were__out,__I__left__a__message.
探究四 动词不定式作定语和状语
动词不定式作定语和状语：动词不定式作为非谓语动词的一种形式，在句中可以灵活地充当定语和状语，以增加句子的表达力和灵活性，使语言更加生动和多样。
语法点1 动词不定式作定语
(1)动词不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，动词不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系。动词不定式通常要放在这些被修饰词后。
①I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多工作要做。(动宾关系)
②The future to greet us will be bright.
我们的未来将是美好的。(主谓关系)
③I have no time to go there.
我没有时间去那里。(动状关系)
④He has got a chance to go abroad.
他有一个出国的机会。(同位关系)
1)动词不定式与其修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而该动词不定式为不及物动词时，其后须加上适当的介词。
I am looking for a room to live in.
我正在找一间屋子住。
2)当作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的承受者时，动词不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，但其含义有所不同。
①Do you have anything to send
你有什么东西要寄吗？(动词不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)
②Do you have anything to be sent
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(动词不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
(2)动词不定式作定语的常见情况：
1)动词不定式作定语可以表示将来的动作。
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
我借了一些我假期要读的书。
2)序数词，形容词最高级， the last, the only，不定代词something等词后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，且非谓语动词与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用动词不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：plan, ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
完成句子
①下个月发射的卫星是中国制造的。
The satellite to__launch__next__month is made in China.
②她希望有一所舒适的房子住。
She hopes to have a comfortable house to__live__in．
③在我们做好在月球上长时间工作的准备之前，还有许多问题需要解决。
There're still many problems to__be__solved before we are ready for a long time on the Moon.
④他们已经放弃了再买一套新房子的计划。
They have given up the plan to__buy__another__new__house．
⑤他一直在找茬儿和我吵架。
He's always trying to find some excuse to__argue__with__me.
语法点2 动词不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语
1)动词不定式作目的状语，主要表示某一动作或状态的目的。常用于下列结构中：only to (仅仅为了); in order to (为了); so as to (以便); so/such ... as to ... (如此……以至于……)。
①I come here only to say goodbye to you.
我来仅仅是向你告别。
②He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班公交车。
2)动词不定式的复合结构作目的状语
当动词不定式或动词不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用动词不定式的复合结构，即在动词不定式(短语)之前加“for ＋名词/宾格代词”作状语。
He opened the door for the children to come in.
他开门让孩子们进来。
3)目的状语从句与动词不定式的转换
目的状语从句还可以变为动词不定式(短语)作状语，使句子在结构上更简化。可分为两种情况：
当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为动词不定式(短语)作状语。
We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.
→We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.
我们将早点动身，以便及时到达。
当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。
I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.
→I came early (in order) for you to read my report before the meeting.
我来得早是为了让你在会议前读我的报告。
(2)作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果。常用于下列结构中：only to do (不料竟会……); enough to do (足够做……); too ... to ... (太……而不能……); so/such ... as to ... (如此……以至于……)。
①He hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had left.
他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。
②He was so tired as to be unable to walk.
＝He was too tired to walk.
他累得走不动了。
(3)作原因状语
动词不定式作原因状语，常跟在一些形容词或过去分词之后，说明产生某种情绪的原因。常见的形容词有happy, lucky, surprised, sorry, glad, delighted, anxious, interested, worried等。
①We're quite glad to meet you here.
我们很高兴在这里见到你。
②They were very surprised to be informed of the news.
被告知这个消息令他们很吃惊。
完成句子
①要成为一名宇航员，你必须经过严格的选拔程序。
To__become__an__astronaut,__you must go through a strict selection procedure.
②他们正在学习一门新语言以便与外国人交流。
They are learning a new language in order to__communicate__with__foreigners．
③她环顾四周，发现她的包还在树下。
She looked around to__find__her__bag__was__still__under__the__tree．
④他挨家挨户拜访，告诉人们这个令人激动的消息。
He called at every door to__tell__people__the__exciting__news．
⑤我们听说她又结婚了，感到很惊讶。
We were very surprised to__learn__she__had__got__married__again．
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义
(E)1.microwave (C)2.muscle (D)3.facility (A)4.tissue (B)5.soap A．n. 纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织 B．n. 肥皂 C．n. 肌肉；实力；影响力 D．n. 设施；设备 E．n. 微波炉 (C)6.solar system (E)7.figure out (A)8.beyond doubt (B)9.(a) lack of (D)10.be keen on (doing) sth A．毋庸置疑 B．缺乏……；短缺…… C．太阳系；类太阳系 D．热衷于(做)某事 E．弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
2．towel n. 毛巾；抹布
3．otherwise adv. 否则；要不然
4．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
5．keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的
6．telescope n. 望远镜
7．float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流
8．sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的
9．lack n. 缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏
10．beyond prep. 在更远处；超出
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I want to have a chance to__further (further) my study abroad.
2．I woke up to__find (find) it was raining hard.
3．Would you please bring me some paper to__write (write) on
4．We are not old enough to vote and to__be__voted (vote)．
5．I'm keen on starting (start) my own business someday.
6．The teacher explains the concept clearly in order to__help (help) students understand.
7．I have sufficiently (sufficient) charged my phone, so I won't run out of battery soon.
8．The building to__be__built (build) next month will be a modern hospital.
Ⅳ.选词填空
expect, keen, lack, current, muscle, float, recycle, facility
1．Lack of money will have an adverse effect on our research programme.
2．Tomorrow is Earth Day; let's discuss what we can do to__recycle things.
3．In today's game the Chinese basketball team played beyond expectation．
4．Medical facilities are being reorganized and upgraded.
5．There wasn't enough water to__float the ship.
6．I'm currently working on a new project for my company.
7．She remained keenly interested in international affairs.
8．He goes to the gym regularly to keep his muscles strong.
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．He admitted a__lack__of__motivation (缺乏动力) and a feeling of sloth.
2．How can faculty improve their teaching so__as__to__encourage__creativity (以便激发创造力)
3．As__you__know (如你所知), I'm a big fan of classical music, so I'm excited to attend the concert tonight.
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．她一直热衷于阅读经典小说。
She's__always__been__keen__on__reading__classic__novels.
2．他们终于弄清楚了登上山顶的最佳方式。
They__finally__figured__out__the__best__way__to__get__to__the__top__of__the__mountain.
3．实际一点看，这里不是理想的住处。
From__a__practical__point__of__view,__it__isn't__a__good__place__to__live__(in)．
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ 完形填空
(2024·云南省曲靖市麒麟区高一下期末)When Mae Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama, in 1956, no one would have predicted that she would circle the Earth one day. When she was three years old, her parents __1__ to Chicago. In the kindergarten, Jemison __2__ her teacher by telling her she wanted to be a scientist. The __3__ was unusual for any girl, let alone an African American girl. But she never __4__ her dream.
Throughout her academic career, Jemison was a(n) __5__ student. And she had a variety of __6__ outside of school, including dance and theater. After __7__ from Stanford University with a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering, she entered a medical college. Her passion for global __8__ took her to Cuba, Kenya and Thailand during medical school.
Returning to the United States in 1985, for a long held __9__， Jemison applied for admission to NASA's astronaut training program. Later, she was __10__ from 2，000 applicants. __11__， that selection began a series of “firsts” for Jemison. She was the first African American woman __12__ to the training program and became the first African American woman astronaut. On Sept. 12, 1992, she became the first African American woman in __13__ as a science mission specialist.
Jemison has been awarded many honors for her great __14__. She has set an admirable example of how someone with capability and __15__ can open up a new path to achieving their highest goals.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Mae Jemison (梅·杰米森)作为一名非裔美国女性，拥有很多伟大的成就，她是第一位非裔美国女性宇航员，第一位进入太空的非裔美国女性科学任务专家。
1．A.turned B．linked
C．moved D．adapted
答案：C
解析：turn转弯；link联系；move搬家；adapt改编。根据前文“When Mae Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama”可知，此处指她的父母搬到了芝加哥。故选C。
2．A.excited B．surprised
C．frightened D．bothered
答案：B
解析：excite使兴奋；surprise使惊讶；frighten使害怕；bother打扰。根据后文“unusual for any girl”可知，此处指这让老师很惊讶。故选B。
3．A.attitude B．behaviour
C．outcome D．choice
答案：D
解析：attitude态度；behaviour行为；outcome结果；choice选择。根据前文“by telling her she wanted to be a scientist”可知，此处指想要成为科学家这个选择。故选D。
4．A.gave up B．calmed down
C．cut back on D．tried out for
答案：A
解析：give up放弃；calm down冷静下来；cut back on削减；try out for参加……选拔。根据前文“But she never”可知，前后文是转折关系，成为一名科学家对任何女孩来说都不寻常，更不用说非裔美国女孩了，但是她从未放弃过梦想。故选A。
5．A.addicted B．ordinary
C．contented D．remarkable
答案：D
解析：addicted上瘾的；ordinary普通的；contented满足的；remarkable出色的。根据后文“with a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering”可知，此处指Jemison是一名出色的学生。故选D。
6．A.relations B．interests
C．programs D．destinations
答案：B
解析：relation联系；interest兴趣；program计划；destination目的地。根据后文“including dance and theater”可知，此处指她有各种各样的兴趣。故选B。
7．A.graduating B．retiring
C．disappearing D．escaping
答案：A
解析：graduate毕业；retire退休；disappear消失；escape逃跑。根据后文“with a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering”可知，此处指从斯坦福大学毕业。故选A。
8．A.engineering B．science
C．medicine D．chemistry
答案：C
解析：engineering工程；science科学；medicine医学；chemistry化学。根据后文“during medical school”可知，此处指对全球医学的热情。故选C。
9．A.topic B．degree
C．dream D．root
答案：C
解析：根据后文“Jemison applied for admission to NASA's astronaut training program”可知，此处指为了一个长久以来的梦想。故选C。
10．A.appreciated B．selected
C．attracted D．honored
答案：B
解析：appreciate欣赏；select挑选；attract吸引；honor尊敬。根据后文“from 2，000 applicants”可知，此处指她从2，000名申请者中被选中。故选B。
11．A.Amazingly B．Normally
C．Faithfully D．Originally
答案：A
解析：amazingly令人惊讶的是；normally正常地；faithfully忠实地；originally起初。根据后文“that selection began a series of ‘firsts’ for Jemison”可知，此处指令人惊讶的是，这一选择为Jemison开启了一系列的“第一次”。故选A。
12．A.contacted B．limited
C．attached D．admitted
答案：D
解析：contact联系；limit限制；attach贴上；admit录取。根据后文“to the training program”可知，此处指第一个被训练计划录取的非裔美国女性。故选D。
13．A.water B．space
C．network D．land
答案：B
解析：根据前文“and became the first African American woman astronaut”可知，此处指她成为第一位进入太空的非裔美国女性科学任务专家。故选B。
14．A.memories B．confidence
C．achievements D．impressions
答案：C
解析：memory记忆；confidence信心；achievement成就；impression印象。根据前文“Jemison has been awarded many honors”可知，此处指伟大的成就。故选C。
15．A.principle B．approach
C．reflection D．ambition
答案：D
解析：principle原则；approach途径；reflection反映；ambition抱负。根据后文“can open up a new path to achieving their highest goals”可知，此处指一个有抱负的人。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
(2024·重庆市七校联盟高一下期末)Going to outer space is a little like going camping. Food with all the water dried out is lightweight and doesn't spoil (变坏). So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets. __1__
On Earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet on the ground and your sandwich on your plate. __2__ To keep food from floating (漂浮) away, astronauts on the Space Shuttle attach the packets to a special tray. The tray can be fixed to a wall or to the astronaut's lap. To prepare their food, astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper. The liquid sticks to the food better. Regular salt and pepper would float away, maybe up an astronaut's nose.
__3__ So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw (吸管) that can be closed. Astronauts say that most space foods taste pretty good.
Some, such as apples and pudding, are the same as the foods you eat on Earth. Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs (碎屑). __4__ Your body uses food in space the same way it does on Earth. Your body must deal with waste in space too.
During take off and landing, astronauts can't leave their seats to go to the bathroom. They wear diapers (尿布) under their spacesuits instead. The Space Shuttle has a bathroom the size of a small closet. The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away. __5__
A．Liquids float right out of cups and glasses, though.
B．But there's no gravity in space.
C．In outer space, everything seems to be different.
D．Rubbish from daily life can not be thrown everywhere.
E．Some, such as dried pears, taste good right out of the packet.
F．Floating crumbs could get stuck in equipment or an astronaut's eye.
G．A strong flow of air is used instead of water to flush waste down the toilet.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宇航员在外太空中的日常生活。
1．答案：E
解析：上文“So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets.(因此，许多太空食品在地球上变干并储存在特殊的包装中。)”描述了脱水太空食物的特点，E项(有些，比如干梨，直接拿出来吃味道很好。)承接上文，其中的“dried pears”和“packet”与上文内容照应。故选E。
2．答案：B
解析：上文“On Earth, gravity is ... on your plate.”提到地球引力让食物待在盘子里，下文“To keep food from ... to a special tray.”提到太空中要用特殊托盘来防止食物飞走，上下文为转折对比关系，B项(但是在太空中没有重力。)承上启下。故选B。
3．答案：A
解析：根据下文连词“So (所以)”可知，上下文为因果关系，A项(不过，液体会直接从杯子和玻璃杯里浮出来。)与下文“So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw (吸管) that can be closed.(所以宇航员喝任何东西都用一个小袋子，里面有一根可以关闭的吸管。)”为因果关系。故选A。
4．答案：F
解析：上文“Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs (碎屑)．”提到宇航员吃玉米饼而不吃面包，因为碎屑更少。F项(漂浮的面包屑可能会卡在设备或宇航员的眼睛里。)进一步解释宇航员不吃面包的原因。故选F。
5．答案：G
解析：上文“The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away.”提到卫生间里的设施，G项(用一股强劲的气流代替水将粪便冲下厕所。)符合语境。故选G。
Ⅲ 语法填空
(2024·吉林省白城市洮南市第一中学高一下期中)Huangshan City has become a tourist city, __1__ includes Huangshan Mountain Scenic Area and many ancient Huizhou style villages. It lies in the southernmost tip of Anhui Province. The city neighbors Jiangxi Province in the southwest, Zhejiang Province in the southeast, Xuancheng City in the northeast, and Chizhou City in the northwest.
__2__ (locate) in the subtropics (亚热带), the city has a typical subtropical monsoon(季风) humid climate. It is __3__ (clear) divided into four seasons with short spring and autumn while long summer and winter. The comfortable weather affords good opportunities __4__ (travel) to the city and its impressive environments throughout the year.
It is a region __5__ a long history and splendid cultures. Since using Huizhou as its former name, the city __6__ (be) famous for the ancient Hui Culture, including Hui businessmen, Hui carvings, Xin'an school of painting, Xin'an medicine, Hui architecture, Hui cuisine, __7__ Hui Opera.
Nightlife here is not colourful, but it can be leisurely. For locals, __8__ (drink) tea in a tea house is a popular activity. Or you can walk to Xin'an River to appreciate the beauty of the city at night or just taste the local snacks in the night market along the __9__ (bank) of Xin'an River. If you happen to be on the mountain, watching __10__ sky with stars is very romantic.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了安徽省黄山市的位置、气候及其文化习俗。
1．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：黄山市已成为一个旅游城市，包括黄山风景区和许多徽州风格的古村落。此处引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词city，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which。故填which。
2．答案：Located
解析：考查非谓语动词。(be) located in “位于，坐落于”，此处省略be动词，located在句中作状语；位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Located。
3．答案：clearly
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰后文动词divided。故填clearly。
4．答案：to travel
解析：考查非谓语动词。good opportunities to do sth “做某事的好机会”，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to travel。
5．答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意：这是一个有着悠久历史和灿烂文化的地区。表示“拥有”，应用介词with。故填with。
6．答案：is
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述事实，应用一般现在时，主语the city是单数，谓语动词应用单数。故填is。
7．答案：and
解析：考查连词。设空前的Hui businessmen, Hui carvings, Xin'an school of painting, Xin'an medicine, Hui architecture, Hui cuisine和设空后的Hui Opera为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
8．答案：drinking
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：对当地人来说，在茶馆喝茶是一项很受欢迎的活动。此处应用动名词作主语。故填drinking。
9．答案：banks
解析：考查名词。根据后文“of Xin'an River”可知，此处指“新安江的(两)岸”，表示复数概念。故填banks。
10．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。此处特指“满是星星的天空”，应用定冠词the。故填the。
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Back in the early 1980s, the idea of home computers was catching on. I wasn't keen on getting one. Somehow, I evolved and have owned several computers over the years. Some days, I loved my computer, but more often than not, I hated it. I didn't grow up with them, and they were a challenge to my mental health. Dealing with modern technology was my introduction to stress, and I know who to blame: my children.
They weren't satisfied that their dad and I finally bought a computer and learned to send e mails. We were quite happy with that, but next came a cellphone. Then just talking on the phone was not acceptable; they insisted we learn to text as well. We couldn't get a break.
I remember well the night that Facebook became a household word around here. Those kids of ours were determined to set up a joint account for us. It took some convincing. We felt no guilt for grating on (激怒) their nerves considering the drama they'd sometimes created for us during their teenage years. A little payback wouldn't hurt those two.
More recently, my husband and I were forced into getting rid of our flip phones and getting smartphones. I will admit that I progressed into appreciating mine. I liked speaking to Siri and finding out what I needed to know in an instant. I enjoyed having Internet access everywhere I went. I felt a sense of accomplishment; my husband—not so much. To this day, he would happily take back his flip phone.
Last Christmas, our children surprised us with yet another popular form of technology—Alexa. The girls took our smartphones in hand and got us programmed. Before we fully understood what was happening, we could tell Alexa to turn our lamp on or off, and she would. To be honest, we were a bit annoyed at having to learn how to use yet another device, but we decided to keep it. We mastered turning the lamp on and off, and once again I got the hang of it sooner than my husband did. I became his Alexa coach.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
One night, Alexa did not turn on the lamp when I gave the command. We should thank our children and grandchildren.
5R解读故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
I, my husband, my__children
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
My husband and I were forced into getting rid of our flip phones and getting__smartphones;__we were a bit annoyed at having to learn how to use yet another device Alexa, but we decided to keep__it.
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
Dealing with modern technology was my introduction to stress. My husband and I were__forced into getting smartphones. I felt a__sense__of__accomplishment;__my husband—not so much.
5．Read for theme (主题)
Accept and use technology to make our life more__convenient．
4步确定框架
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
However,__the__fact__is__that__our__children__and__grandchildren__let__us__really__accept__and__use__technology__to__make__our__life__more__convenient.
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
Then__Alexa____turned__on__the__light__itself.
Step 3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
I tried to say “Turn on the light” countless times, but Alexa didn't work. My husband complained.
第二段：
We should__thank our children and grandchildren for teaching us to use technology, otherwise our life is always invariable__and__boring．
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
I tried to say “Turn on the light” to it countless times, but Alexa didn't work. “New technologies are always unreliable，” my husband complained. I searched__the__Internet and immediately found the reason why Alexa couldn't work. I just needed to tell Alexa to set the light color to white or whatever color I wanted, and then it would turn on the light.
第二段：
It was our children and grandchildren that taught us to use__technology so that I could find a solution on__the__Internet by myself. Without them, our life is always invariable and boring. Our children and grandchildren “force” us to accept__and__use technology, which seems to put us under pressure.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的孩子们为他们推荐了现代科技产品，作者慢慢接受了它们。去年圣诞节，孩子们给作者的智能手机安装了Alexa程序，但在使用的过程中出现了问题。对此，作者和丈夫是怎样的反应？作者和丈夫对现代科技有怎样的感想？
[精彩范文]
One night, Alexa did not turn on the lamp when I gave the command. I tried to say “Turn on the light” to it countless times, but Alexa didn't work. “New technologies are always unreliable，” my husband complained. I searched the Internet and immediately found the reason why Alexa couldn't work. I just needed to tell Alexa to set the light color to white or whatever color I wanted, and then it would turn on the light. Then Alexa turned on the light itself.
We should thank our children and grandchildren. It was our children and grandchildren that taught us to use technology so that I could find a solution on the Internet by myself. Without them, our life is always invariable and boring. Our children and grandchildren “force” us to accept and use technology, which seems to put us under pressure. However, the fact is that our children and grandchildren let us really accept and use technology to make our life more convenient.
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1. 2. 3.
24(共92张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
单元主题：人与自然——太空探索
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．muscle n. ____________________
2．solar adj. ________________
3．solar system ________________
4．soap n. _______
5．towel n. ________________
6．telescope n. ________________
7．microwave n. ________________
8．tissue n. ________________________________
肌肉；实力；影响力
太阳的；太阳能的
太阳系；类太阳系
肥皂
毛巾；抹布
望远镜
微波炉
纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．________ vt. 回收利用；再利用
2．________ n. 缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏
3．________ vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流
4．____________ adv. 否则；要不然
5．________ prep. 在更远处；超出
6．________ adj. 热衷的；渴望的
recycle
lack
float
otherwise
beyond
keen
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．________ adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮→__________ adv. 当前；目前
2．________ adj. 足够的；充足的→ ___________ adv. 充分地；足够地
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
facility 熟义：n. ________________
生义：n. (学习、做事的)天资，才能，天赋
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
________________ 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
current
currently
sufficient
sufficiently
设施；设备
figure out
自主学习 课时语法
观察下列句子并写出黑体部分的功能
1．He hopes to be offered a job to drive taxis.____________
2．She hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone. ____________
3．Will you be able to attend the lecture to be given by Professor Li tomorrow ____________
4．On arriving home, Jack was surprised to find his door open.____________
5．An investigation is under way to find out how the disaster happened. ____________
后置定语
结果状语
后置定语
原因状语
目的状语
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
（一）高频词
lacking adj. 缺乏的；短缺的
(a) lack of ... 缺乏……；短缺……
for lack of ... 因为……的缺乏
lack confidence/determination 缺乏信心/决心
lack (for) nothing 没有欠缺
be lacking in 在……方面缺乏/欠缺
1.lack n. 缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏(教材P42)
【语境感知】
①His failure in the exam was due to lack of preparation.
他考试失败是因为缺乏准备。
②They were unable to complete the task for lack of resources.
他们因资源不足而无法完成任务。
③As the only child of wealthy parents, he lacked for nothing.
作为富裕家庭的独子，他什么都不缺。
④She felt nervous, increasingly lacking in confidence about herself.
她感到紧张，对自己越来越缺乏信心。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The girl isn't willing to attend the party for lack ________ a proper dress.
②Judging from his conduct, I assume he is lacking ________ education.
③I lacked ________ nothing, for he was both father and mother to me.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④她因缺乏交通工具而无法参加会议。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤如果他们在说谎，他们的答案可能会缺乏细节。
____________________________________________________________________
of
in
for
She was unable to attend the meeting due to a lack of transportation.
If they're lying, their answers will probably be lacking in detail.
beyond相关短语：
be beyond sb 使某人无法想象(或理解)
beyond imagination 超乎想象
beyond belief 不可置信
beyond (one's) control 超出(某人的)控制
beyond description/endurance 难以形容/忍受
beyond expectation 出乎意料
beyond doubt/question 毋庸置疑
beyond repair 无法修理
beyond recognition 无法识别/辨认
2.beyond prep. 在更远处；超出；非(某人)所能理解(教材P42)
【语境感知】
①Why Joan ever married such an idiot in the first place is beyond me.
琼当初为什么嫁给这样一个白痴，我真不明白。
②Sweden is lovely in summer—cold beyond belief in winter.
瑞典的夏天非常宜人——冬天却冷得令人难以置信。
③Tonight's performance has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond control.
由于无法控制的情况，今晚的演出取消了。
④The necessity and urgency of that are beyond doubt.
这样做的必要性和紧迫性是毋庸置疑的。
⑤He survived the accident, but his car was damaged beyond repair.
他在事故中幸免于难，但他的汽车却损坏得无法修理了。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Why on earth he's trying to claim it is beyond ________ (I).
②The sight in the mountains was beautiful beyond ___________ (describe)．
③________ question, this is an important contribution to mankind.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④自从我上次离开这里以来，这座小镇已经变得让人认不出来了。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤云南这片土地的确充满了无法想象的魅力和美。
____________________________________________________________________
me
description
Beyond
The town has changed beyond recognition since I was last here.
The land of Yunnan is indeed filled with charm and beauty beyond imagination.
keenly adv. 敏锐地；热切地
be keen on (doing) sth 热衷于(做)某事
be keen to do sth 渴望做某事
be keen that ... 渴望……；热切期望……
3.keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的(教材P43)
【语境感知】
①They are keenly aware that this will be their last chance to succeed.
他们敏锐地意识到这将是他们成功的最后机会。
②She's not keen on being told what to do.
她不喜欢别人向她发号施令。
③The 40 year old said he is keen to see the city become vibrant again.
40岁的他说，他渴望看到这座城市再次充满活力。
④The chairman is keen that the company should expand its product range.
董事长迫切希望公司扩大产品范围。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The young player is keen ________ (win) a gold medal in the Winter Olympic Games.
②He ________ (keen) felt that he should do something to help.
③We are all keen ________ the school should get involved too.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④年轻人热衷于建立有意义的人际关系。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤父母渴望他们的女儿成为音乐家。
____________________________________________________________________
to win
keenly
that
Young people are keen on building meaningful relationships.
The parents were keen that their daughter should become a musician.
4.current adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮→__________ adv. 当前；目前
【语境感知】
My current job is teaching, and I'm currently preparing lessons for my students.
我当前的工作是教书，目前正在为我的学生备课。
currently
（二）拓展词
5.sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的→____________ adv. 充分地；足够地
【语境感知】
The light in the room is sufficient for reading, and it illuminates the pages sufficiently.
房间里的光线足够阅读，也能充分照亮书页。
sufficiently
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The food at the restaurant was __________ (sufficient) tasty to satisfy my hunger.
②___________ (current), over 500 students are enrolled on the course.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③第二天，她感觉身体好多了，可以去上班了。
____________________________________________________________________
④他逆着急流游向岸边。
____________________________________________________________________
sufficiently
Currently
The following day she felt sufficiently well to go to work.
He swam to the shore against a strong current.
6.facility [熟义] n. 设施；设备
[生义] n. ___________________________________
【语境感知】
①The hotel has its own pool and leisure facilities.
这家酒店有自己的游泳池和休闲设施。
②He plays the piano with surprising facility.
他弹钢琴的天赋令人惊讶。
（三）熟词生义
(学习、做事的)天资，才能，天赋
【学会理解】同义词替换
①She has a great facility for adapting new environments. ________________
【学会表达】翻译句子
②这所学校拥有出色的体育设施，包括一个大型体育馆和几个户外运动场。
____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
faculty 天赋
The school has excellent sports facilities, including a large gym and several outdoor playing fields.
探究二 短语
其他常见“动词＋out”相关短语：
break out (战争、灾难等)爆发；发生
give out 分发；用完；耗尽，精疲力尽；发出(热、光等)
come out 出现；出版；结果是
work out 算出；想出；制订出；产生结果；被证明有效
bring out 使显出；出版；生产
7.figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白(教材P42)
【语境感知】
①When Saturday finally arrived, Kevin still hadn't figured out what he was going to do.
当星期六终于来到时，凯文仍然没有想出他要做什么。
②After a month their food supplies gave out.
一个月后，他们的食物供应用完了。
③The sky cleared and the sun came out.
天空放晴，太阳出来了。
④They're trying to work out a peace formula acceptable to both sides in the dispute.
他们正在设法制订出一个争执双方都可以接受的和平方案。
⑤He's bringing out a new album next month.
他下个月将推出一张新专辑。
【学会运用】选词填空(work out/figure out/break out)
①Fighting ____________ in three districts of the city last night.
②They ____________ an effective method, which was confirmed by the leadership.
③We spent about one month in ____________ how to start the equipment.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④如今，研究人员已经解开他们秘密的一部分。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤当我们离目的地只有几英里的路程时，汽油用完了。
____________________________________________________________________
broke out
worked out
figuring out
Now researchers have figured out part of their secret.
When we were only a few miles from our destination the petrol gave out.
【分析】 as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如；如同”。
as引导的从句：
“正如；如同”，引导非限制性定语从句
“随着，当……时”，引导时间状语从句
“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句
“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，相当于though
“照……方式”，引导方式状语从句
“像……一样”，引导比较状语从句
8.As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.(教材P42)
众所周知，宇航员在太空中工作需要保持健康和冷静。
探究三 长难句分析
【语境感知】
①As we all know, knowledge is power.
众所周知，知识就是力量。
②As days passed, the weather gradually improved, bringing warmer temperatures.
随着时间的推移，天气逐渐好转，气温升高。
③I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.
我想单独去做，因为我一直更喜欢这样做。
④You're as tall as your father.
你和你的父亲一样高。
⑤Hard as he worked, he failed to pass the exam.
尽管他努力学习了，但他还是没能通过考试。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It's not as hard ________ I thought.
②________ he suggested, things should be as simple as possible, but no simpler.
③Happy ___________ they were, there was something missing.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤你不在，所以我留了一张字条儿。
____________________________________________________________________
as
As
as/though
She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away.
As you were out, I left a message.
探究四 动词不定式作定语和状语
动词不定式作定语和状语：动词不定式作为非谓语动词的一种形式，在句中可以灵活地充当定语和状语，以增加句子的表达力和灵活性，使语言更加生动和多样。
(1)动词不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，动词不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系。动词不定式通常要放在这些被修饰词后。
①I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多工作要做。(动宾关系)
②The future to greet us will be bright.
我们的未来将是美好的。(主谓关系)
语法点1 动词不定式作定语
③I have no time to go there.
我没有时间去那里。(动状关系)
④He has got a chance to go abroad.
他有一个出国的机会。(同位关系)
1)动词不定式与其修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而该动词不定式为不及物动词时，其后须加上适当的介词。
I am looking for a room to live in.
我正在找一间屋子住。
2)当作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的承受者时，动词不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，但其含义有所不同。
①Do you have anything to send
你有什么东西要寄吗？(动词不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)
②Do you have anything to be sent
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(动词不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
(2)动词不定式作定语的常见情况：
1)动词不定式作定语可以表示将来的动作。
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
我借了一些我假期要读的书。
2)序数词，形容词最高级， the last, the only，不定代词something等词后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，且非谓语动词与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用动词不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：plan, ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
完成句子
①下个月发射的卫星是中国制造的。
The satellite ____________________ is made in China.
②她希望有一所舒适的房子住。
She hopes to have a comfortable house ____________．
to launch next month
to live in
③在我们做好在月球上长时间工作的准备之前，还有许多问题需要解决。
There're still many problems ________________ before we are ready for a long time on the Moon.
④他们已经放弃了再买一套新房子的计划。
They have given up the plan ________________________．
⑤他一直在找茬儿和我吵架。
He's always trying to find some excuse ________________.
to be solved
to buy another new house
to argue with me
(1)作目的状语
1)动词不定式作目的状语，主要表示某一动作或状态的目的。常用于下列结构中：only to (仅仅为了); in order to (为了); so as to (以便); so/such ... as to ... (如此……以至于……)。
①I come here only to say goodbye to you.
我来仅仅是向你告别。
②He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班公交车。
语法点2 动词不定式作状语
2)动词不定式的复合结构作目的状语
当动词不定式或动词不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用动词不定式的复合结构，即在动词不定式(短语)之前加“for ＋名词/宾格代词”作状语。
He opened the door for the children to come in.
他开门让孩子们进来。
3)目的状语从句与动词不定式的转换
目的状语从句还可以变为动词不定式(短语)作状语，使句子在结构上更简化。可分为两种情况：
当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为动词不定式(短语)作状语。
We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.
→We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.
我们将早点动身，以便及时到达。
当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。
I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.
→I came early (in order) for you to read my report before the meeting.
我来得早是为了让你在会议前读我的报告。
(2)作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果。常用于下列结构中：only to do (不料竟会……); enough to do (足够做……); too ... to ... (太……而不能……); so/such ... as to ... (如此……以至于……)。
①He hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had left.
他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。
②He was so tired as to be unable to walk.
＝He was too tired to walk.
他累得走不动了。
(3)作原因状语
动词不定式作原因状语，常跟在一些形容词或过去分词之后，说明产生某种情绪的原因。常见的形容词有happy, lucky, surprised, sorry, glad, delighted, anxious, interested, worried等。
①We're quite glad to meet you here.
我们很高兴在这里见到你。
②They were very surprised to be informed of the news.
被告知这个消息令他们很吃惊。
完成句子
①要成为一名宇航员，你必须经过严格的选拔程序。
____________________， you must go through a strict selection procedure.
②他们正在学习一门新语言以便与外国人交流。
They are learning a new language in order ______________________________．
③她环顾四周，发现她的包还在树下。
She looked around ________________________________．
④他挨家挨户拜访，告诉人们这个令人激动的消息。
He called at every door ____________________________．
⑤我们听说她又结婚了，感到很惊讶。
We were very surprised _________________________________．
To become an astronaut
to communicate with foreigners
to find her bag was still under the tree
to tell people the exciting news
to learn she had got married again
对点练习 巩固所学
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义 (____)1.microwave (____)2.muscle (____)3.facility (____)4.tissue (____)5.soap A．n. 纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织 B．n. 肥皂 C．n. 肌肉；实力；影响力 D．n. 设施；设备 E．n. 微波炉 (____)6.solar system (____)7.figure out (____)8.beyond doubt (____)9.(a) lack of (____)10.be keen on (doing) sth A．毋庸置疑
B．缺乏……；短缺……
C．太阳系；类太阳系
D．热衷于(做)某事
E．弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
Ⅰ.匹配词义
E
C
D
A
B
C
E
A
B
D
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．________ adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
2．________ n. 毛巾；抹布
3．__________ adv. 否则；要不然
4．________ vt. 回收利用；再利用
5．________ adj. 热衷的；渴望的
solar
towel
otherwise
recycle
keen
6．__________ n. 望远镜
7．________ vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流
8．___________ adj. 足够的；充足的
9．________ n. 缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏
10．________ prep. 在更远处；超出
telescope
float
sufficient
lack
beyond
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I want to have a chance ___________ (further) my study abroad.
2．I woke up ________ (find) it was raining hard.
3．Would you please bring me some paper ________ (write) on
4．We are not old enough to vote and _____________ (vote)．
to further
to find
to write
to be voted
5．I'm keen on ________ (start) my own business someday.
6．The teacher explains the concept clearly in order ________ (help) students understand.
7．I have ___________ (sufficient) charged my phone, so I won't run out of battery soon.
8．The building ___________ (build) next month will be a modern hospital.
starting
to help
sufficiently
to be built
Ⅳ.选词填空
1．________ of money will have an adverse effect on our research programme.
2．Tomorrow is Earth Day; let's discuss what we can do ___________ things.
3．In today's game the Chinese basketball team played beyond ___________．
4．Medical ________ are being reorganized and upgraded.
5．There wasn't enough water ________ the ship.
6．I'm ________ working on a new project for my company.
7．She remained ________ interested in international affairs.
8．He goes to the gym regularly to keep his ________ strong.
Lack
expect, keen, lack, current, muscle, float, recycle, facility
to recycle
expectation
facilities
to float
currently
keenly
muscles
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．He admitted ___________________ (缺乏动力) and a feeling of sloth.
2．How can faculty improve their teaching ________________________ (以便激发创造力)
3．________________ (如你所知), I'm a big fan of classical music, so I'm excited to attend the concert tonight.
a lack of motivation
so as to encourage creativity
As you know
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．她一直热衷于阅读经典小说。
____________________________________________________________________
2．他们终于弄清楚了登上山顶的最佳方式。
____________________________________________________________________
3．实际一点看，这里不是理想的住处。
____________________________________________________________________
She's always been keen on reading classic novels.
They finally figured out the best way to get to the top of the mountain.
From a practical point of view, it isn't a good place to live (in)．
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
Ⅰ 完形填空
(2024·云南省曲靖市麒麟区高一下期末)When Mae Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama, in 1956, no one would have predicted that she would circle the Earth one day. When she was three years old, her parents __1__ to Chicago. In the kindergarten, Jemison __2__ her teacher by telling her she wanted to be a scientist. The __3__ was unusual for any girl, let alone an African American girl. But she never __4__ her dream.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Throughout her academic career, Jemison was a(n) __5__ student. And she had a variety of __6__ outside of school, including dance and theater. After __7__ from Stanford University with a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering, she entered a medical college. Her passion for global __8__ took her to Cuba, Kenya and Thailand during medical school.
Returning to the United States in 1985, for a long held __9__， Jemison applied for admission to NASA's astronaut training program. Later, she was __10__ from 2，000 applicants. __11__， that selection began a series of “firsts” for Jemison. She was the first African American woman __12__ to the training program and became the first African American woman astronaut. On Sept. 12, 1992, she became the first African American woman in __13__ as a science mission specialist.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Mae Jemison (梅·杰米森)作为一名非裔美国女性，拥有很多伟大的成就，她是第一位非裔美国女性宇航员，第一位进入太空的非裔美国女性科学任务专家。
Jemison has been awarded many honors for her great __14__. She has set an admirable example of how someone with capability and __15__ can open up a new path to achieving their highest goals.
1．A.turned B．linked
C．moved D．adapted
2．A.excited B．surprised
C．frightened D．bothered
解析：turn转弯；link联系；move搬家；adapt改编。根据前文“When Mae Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama”可知，此处指她的父母搬到了芝加哥。故选C。
解析：excite使兴奋；surprise使惊讶；frighten使害怕；bother打扰。根据后文“unusual for any girl”可知，此处指这让老师很惊讶。故选B。
3．A.attitude B．behaviour
C．outcome D．choice
4．A.gave up B．calmed down
C．cut back on D．tried out for
解析：attitude态度；behaviour行为；outcome结果；choice选择。根据前文“by telling her she wanted to be a scientist”可知，此处指想要成为科学家这个选择。故选D。
解析：give up放弃；calm down冷静下来；cut back on削减；try out for参加……选拔。根据前文“But she never”可知，前后文是转折关系，成为一名科学家对任何女孩来说都不寻常，更不用说非裔美国女孩了，但是她从未放弃过梦想。故选A。
5．A.addicted B．ordinary
C．contented D．remarkable
6．A.relations B．interests
C．programs D．destinations
解析：addicted上瘾的；ordinary普通的；contented满足的；remarkable出色的。根据后文“with a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering”可知，此处指Jemison是一名出色的学生。故选D。
解析：relation联系；interest兴趣；program计划；destination目的地。根据后文“including dance and theater”可知，此处指她有各种各样的兴趣。故选B。
7．A.graduating B．retiring
C．disappearing D．escaping
8．A.engineering B．science
C．medicine D．chemistry
解析：graduate毕业；retire退休；disappear消失；escape逃跑。根据后文“with a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering”可知，此处指从斯坦福大学毕业。故选A。
解析：engineering工程；science科学；medicine医学；chemistry化学。根据后文“during medical school”可知，此处指对全球医学的热情。故选C。
9．A.topic B．degree
C．dream D．root
10．A.appreciated B．selected
C．attracted D．honored
解析：根据后文“Jemison applied for admission to NASA's astronaut training program”可知，此处指为了一个长久以来的梦想。故选C。
解析：appreciate欣赏；select挑选；attract吸引；honor尊敬。根据后文“from 2，000 applicants”可知，此处指她从2，000名申请者中被选中。故选B。
11．A.Amazingly B．Normally
C．Faithfully D．Originally
12．A.contacted B．limited
C．attached D．admitted
解析：amazingly令人惊讶的是；normally正常地；faithfully忠实地；originally起初。根据后文“that selection began a series of ‘firsts’ for Jemison”可知，此处指令人惊讶的是，这一选择为Jemison开启了一系列的“第一次”。故选A。
解析：contact联系；limit限制；attach贴上；admit录取。根据后文“to the training program”可知，此处指第一个被训练计划录取的非裔美国女性。故选D。
13．A.water B．space
C．network D．land
14．A.memories B．confidence
C．achievements D．impressions
解析：根据前文“and became the first African American woman astronaut”可知，此处指她成为第一位进入太空的非裔美国女性科学任务专家。故选B。
解析：memory记忆；confidence信心；achievement成就；impression印象。根据前文“Jemison has been awarded many honors”可知，此处指伟大的成就。故选C。
15．A.principle B．approach
C．reflection D．ambition
解析：principle原则；approach途径；reflection反映；ambition抱负。根据后文“can open up a new path to achieving their highest goals”可知，此处指一个有抱负的人。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
(2024·重庆市七校联盟高一下期末)Going to outer space is a little like going camping. Food with all the water dried out is lightweight and doesn't spoil (变坏). So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets. __1__
On Earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet on the ground and your sandwich on your plate. __2__ To keep food from floating (漂浮) away, astronauts on the Space Shuttle attach the packets to a special tray. The tray can be fixed to a wall or to the astronaut's lap. To prepare their food, astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper. The liquid sticks to the food better. Regular salt and pepper would float away, maybe up an astronaut's nose.
__3__ So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw (吸管) that can be closed. Astronauts say that most space foods taste pretty good.
Some, such as apples and pudding, are the same as the foods you eat on Earth. Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs (碎屑). __4__ Your body uses food in space the same way it does on Earth. Your body must deal with waste in space too.
During take off and landing, astronauts can't leave their seats to go to the bathroom. They wear diapers (尿布) under their spacesuits instead. The Space Shuttle has a bathroom the size of a small closet. The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away. __5__
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宇航员在外太空中的日常生活。
A．Liquids float right out of cups and glasses, though.
B．But there's no gravity in space.
C．In outer space, everything seems to be different.
D．Rubbish from daily life can not be thrown everywhere.
E．Some, such as dried pears, taste good right out of the packet.
F．Floating crumbs could get stuck in equipment or an astronaut's eye.
G．A strong flow of air is used instead of water to flush waste down the toilet.
1．答案：E
2．答案：B
解析：上文“So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets.(因此，许多太空食品在地球上变干并储存在特殊的包装中。)”描述了脱水太空食物的特点，E项(有些，比如干梨，直接拿出来吃味道很好。)承接上文，其中的“dried pears”和“packet”与上文内容照应。故选E。
解析：上文“On Earth, gravity is ... on your plate.”提到地球引力让食物待在盘子里，下文“To keep food from ... to a special tray.”提到太空中要用特殊托盘来防止食物飞走，上下文为转折对比关系，B项(但是在太空中没有重力。)承上启下。故选B。
3．答案：A
解析：根据下文连词“So (所以)”可知，上下文为因果关系，A项(不过，液体会直接从杯子和玻璃杯里浮出来。)与下文“So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw (吸管) that can be closed.(所以宇航员喝任何东西都用一个小袋子，里面有一根可以关闭的吸管。)”为因果关系。故选A。
4．答案：F
5．答案：G
解析：上文“Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs (碎屑)．”提到宇航员吃玉米饼而不吃面包，因为碎屑更少。F项(漂浮的面包屑可能会卡在设备或宇航员的眼睛里。)进一步解释宇航员不吃面包的原因。故选F。
解析：上文“The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away.”提到卫生间里的设施，G项(用一股强劲的气流代替水将粪便冲下厕所。)符合语境。故选G。
Ⅲ 语法填空
(2024·吉林省白城市洮南市第一中学高一下期中)Huangshan City has become a tourist city, __1__ includes Huangshan Mountain Scenic Area and many ancient Huizhou style villages. It lies in the southernmost tip of Anhui Province. The city neighbors Jiangxi Province in the southwest, Zhejiang Province in the southeast, Xuancheng City in the northeast, and Chizhou City in the northwest.
__2__ (locate) in the subtropics (亚热带), the city has a typical subtropical monsoon(季风) humid climate. It is __3__ (clear) divided into four seasons with short spring and autumn while long summer and winter. The comfortable weather affords good opportunities __4__ (travel) to the city and its impressive environments throughout the year.
It is a region __5__ a long history and splendid cultures. Since using Huizhou as its former name, the city __6__ (be) famous for the ancient Hui Culture, including Hui businessmen, Hui carvings, Xin'an school of painting, Xin'an medicine, Hui architecture, Hui cuisine, __7__ Hui Opera.
Nightlife here is not colourful, but it can be leisurely. For locals, __8__ (drink) tea in a tea house is a popular activity. Or you can walk to Xin'an River to appreciate the beauty of the city at night or just taste the local snacks in the night market along the __9__ (bank) of Xin'an River. If you happen to be on the mountain, watching __10__ sky with stars is very romantic.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了安徽省黄山市的位置、气候及其文化习俗。
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
1．答案：which
2．答案：Located
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：黄山市已成为一个旅游城市，包括黄山风景区和许多徽州风格的古村落。此处引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词city，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which。故填which。
解析：考查非谓语动词。(be) located in “位于，坐落于”，此处省略be动词，located在句中作状语；位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Located。
3．答案：clearly
4．答案：to travel
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰后文动词divided。故填clearly。
解析：考查非谓语动词。good opportunities to do sth “做某事的好机会”，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to travel。
5．答案：with
6．答案：is
解析：考查介词。句意：这是一个有着悠久历史和灿烂文化的地区。表示“拥有”，应用介词with。故填with。
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述事实，应用一般现在时，主语the city是单数，谓语动词应用单数。故填is。
7．答案：and
8．答案：drinking
解析：考查连词。设空前的Hui businessmen, Hui carvings, Xin'an school of painting, Xin'an medicine, Hui architecture, Hui cuisine和设空后的Hui Opera为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：对当地人来说，在茶馆喝茶是一项很受欢迎的活动。此处应用动名词作主语。故填drinking。
9．答案：banks
10．答案：the
解析：考查名词。根据后文“of Xin'an River”可知，此处指“新安江的(两)岸”，表示复数概念。故填banks。
解析：考查冠词。此处特指“满是星星的天空”，应用定冠词the。故填the。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Back in the early 1980s, the idea of home computers was catching on. I wasn't keen on getting one. Somehow, I evolved and have owned several computers over the years. Some days, I loved my computer, but more often than not, I hated it. I didn't grow up with them, and they were a challenge to my mental health. Dealing with modern technology was my introduction to stress, and I know who to blame: my children.
读后续写
They weren't satisfied that their dad and I finally bought a computer and learned to send e mails. We were quite happy with that, but next came a cellphone. Then just talking on the phone was not acceptable; they insisted we learn to text as well. We couldn't get a break.
I remember well the night that Facebook became a household word around here. Those kids of ours were determined to set up a joint account for us. It took some convincing. We felt no guilt for grating on (激怒) their nerves considering the drama they'd sometimes created for us during their teenage years. A little payback wouldn't hurt those two.
More recently, my husband and I were forced into getting rid of our flip phones and getting smartphones. I will admit that I progressed into appreciating mine. I liked speaking to Siri and finding out what I needed to know in an instant. I enjoyed having Internet access everywhere I went. I felt a sense of accomplishment; my husband—not so much. To this day, he would happily take back his flip phone.
Last Christmas, our children surprised us with yet another popular form of technology—Alexa. The girls took our smartphones in hand and got us programmed. Before we fully understood what was happening, we could tell Alexa to turn our lamp on or off, and she would. To be honest, we were a bit annoyed at having to learn how to use yet another device, but we decided to keep it. We mastered turning the lamp on and off, and once again I got the hang of it sooner than my husband did. I became his Alexa coach.
One night, Alexa did not turn on the lamp when I gave the command.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
We should thank our children and grandchildren.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
5R解读故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
I, my husband, ____________
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
My husband and I were forced into getting rid of our flip phones and __________________； we were a bit ________ at having to learn how to use yet another device Alexa, but we decided to _________.
my children
getting smartphones
annoyed
keep it
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
Dealing with modern technology was my introduction to ________. My husband and I _____________ into getting smartphones. I felt ________________________； my husband—not so much.
5．Read for theme (主题)
Accept and use technology to make our life _________________．
stress
were forced
a sense of accomplishment
more convenient
4步确定框架
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
____________________________________________________________________
However, the fact is that our children and grandchildren let us really accept and use technology to make our life more convenient.
Then Alexa turned on the light itself.
Step 3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
I tried to say “Turn on the light” countless times, but Alexa didn't work. My husband ______________.
第二段：
We ____________ our children and grandchildren for teaching us to use technology, otherwise our life is always ___________________．
complained
should thank
invariable and boring
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
I tried to say “Turn on the light” to it countless times, but Alexa didn't work. “New technologies are always _________，” my husband complained. I __________________ and immediately found the reason why Alexa couldn't work. I just needed to tell Alexa to set the light color to white or whatever color I wanted, and then it would turn on the light.
第二段：
It was our children and grandchildren that taught us to ________________ so that I could find a solution ________________ by myself. Without them, our life is always invariable and boring. Our children and grandchildren “force” us to ________________ technology, which seems to put us under pressure.
unreliable
searched the Internet
use technology
on the Internet
accept and use
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的孩子们为他们推荐了现代科技产品，作者慢慢接受了它们。去年圣诞节，孩子们给作者的智能手机安装了Alexa程序，但在使用的过程中出现了问题。对此，作者和丈夫是怎样的反应？作者和丈夫对现代科技有怎样的感想？
[精彩范文]
One night, Alexa did not turn on the lamp when I gave the command. I tried to say “Turn on the light” to it countless times, but Alexa didn't work. “New technologies are always unreliable，” my husband complained. I searched the Internet and immediately found the reason why Alexa couldn't work. I just needed to tell Alexa to set the light color to white or whatever color I wanted, and then it would turn on the light. Then Alexa turned on the light itself.
We should thank our children and grandchildren. It was our children and grandchildren that taught us to use technology so that I could find a solution on the Internet by myself. Without them, our life is always invariable and boring. Our children and grandchildren “force” us to accept and use technology, which seems to put us under pressure. However, the fact is that our children and grandchildren let us really accept and use technology to make our life more convenient.
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1.
2.
3.
