英语 必修 第三册 RJ
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．gravity n. 重力；引力
2．frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区
3．vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆
4．determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
5．satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星
6．orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
7．giant adj. 巨大的；伟大的 n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人
8．mankind n. 人类
9．agency n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
10．data n. [pl.] 资料；数据
11．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
12．spacecraft n. 航天器；宇宙飞船
13．disappointment n. 失望；沮丧
14．universe n. 宇宙；天地万物
15．spacewalk n. 太空行走；太空行走的时间
16．jade n. 玉；翡翠；玉器
17．module n. 舱；组件；模块
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．determine vt. 查明；确定；决定
2．launch vt.& n. 发射；发起；上市
3．leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt. 跳过；跃过
4．disappointment n. 失望；沮丧
5．desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望
6．signal vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．transmit vt.& vi. 传输；发送→transmission n. 传输；传递
2．independent adj. 独立的；自立的→independence n. 独立(之日)；自主；自立 →independently adv. 独立地；自立地
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
rocket 熟义：n. 火箭；火箭弹
生义：v. 快速增长；猛增
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1．carry__on 继续做，坚持干
2．in__the__hope__of__...__ 抱着……的希望
3．so__as__to__(do__sth) 为了；以便
课文三维剖析
SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER
太空：最后的边境
“Are we alone What's out there？” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries1. Space__exploration__has__come__a__long__way,__and__we__now__hope__to__discover__other__planets__that__are__suitable__enough__to__support__life. 1不定式短语作目的状语
“我们是孤家寡人吗？外面还有什么呢？”仰望星空，人们一直想要更加深刻地认识太空。科学家们也正在努力寻求答案。他们研制出飞行器，将勇敢者送入太空，去探寻宇宙的奥秘。太空探索已经取得长足的发展，而现在，他们也十分希望发现能够维持生命存在的其他行星。
Before the mid 20th century, most people felt travelling into space2 was only a dream that3 could never come true. However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. After__many__experiments,__they__succeeded__in__making__rockets__that__could__escape__Earth's__gravity. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space4. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying5，“That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” Following this, there were many more important space achievements. For example, on 5 September 1977, America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space6, and7 it still transmits data to this day. And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts from many different countries on board8. 2动名词短语作主语 3引导定语从句，修饰dream 4不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the__first__person 5现在分词作伴随状语 6不定式短语作目的状语 7连接并列分句 8with复合结构作状语
二十世纪中叶之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个无法实现的梦。然而，科学家们决意要帮助人类实现这个梦想。无数次实验之后，他们终于成功研制出能够摆脱地心引力的火箭。1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。八年后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，说出了那句名言： “对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。”此后，诸多其他目标得以实现。例如，为了研究外太空，美国国家航空航天局于1977年9月5日发射“旅行者一号”，该探测器至今仍在传回数据。再如，国际空间站(1998年建立)使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作，上面的宇航员来自不同国家。
Although__scientists__try__to__make__sure__nothing__goes__wrong,__accidents__can__still__happen. For example, all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecraft died during their missions. However, while9 such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe10 did not die. This is because11 people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration12 despite the huge risks. 9引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管” 10不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the__desire 11引导表语从句 12动名词短语作介词of的宾语
虽然科学家们极力确保万无一失，但事故仍时有发生。例如，“联盟11号”“挑战者号”和“哥伦比亚号”宇宙飞船上的宇航员们在执行任务时全部遇难。这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space13 in 2003, when14 Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit15 and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by16 the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. On 23 July 2020, China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars17. It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of valuable information. And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station18. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly furthering our understanding of the universe19. 13不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the__third__country 14引导非限制性定语从句 15“不定冠词＋序数词＋名词”表示“又……，再……” 16过去分词短语作状语 17不定式短语作目的状语 18不定式短语作目的状语 19现在分词短语作结果状语
中国的太空项目起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内发展迅速。2003年，杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”宇宙飞船成功环绕地球运行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。此后，“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行以及中国人的第一次太空行走。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。2020年7月23日，中国发射“天问一号”探测火星表面。它于2021年2月抵达，随后发回大量有价值的信息。从2021年到2022年，中国完成了多次火箭(发射)任务，建立了自己的空间站。2022年，“梦天”太空舱的发射标志着天宫空间站基本建成。这个现代化的空间站使得宇航员们能够开展很多重要实验，从而大大加深我们对宇宙的了解。
The__future__of__space__exploration__remains__bright. Many countries have plans to further study planets20 like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that21 will enable the human race to survive well22 into the future. 20不定式短语作后置定语 21引导定语从句，在从句中作主语 22不定式短语作宾语补足语
太空探索的未来仍然是光明的。很多国家都已制订计划，将进一步研究火星、木星等行星。尽管困难重重，科学家们希望获得更多有价值的发现，让人类延续生存，直到未来。
阅读领悟
(一)课文段意连线
(D)Para.1
(B)Para.2
(E)Para.3
(A)Para.4
(C)Para.5
A．China has made great progress in space exploration in the early 21st century, becoming the third country to send humans to space.
B．Space travel became a reality in the 20th century, with American and Soviet space missions.
C．The future of space exploration looks bright, as many countries are planning further missions.
D．Humans have always had a natural curiosity about space.
E．Space travel has always involved great risk, but despite the risks exploration continues.
(二)细节理解填空
(三)相关话题语块
1．realise__the__dream__to__explore__space 实现探索太空的梦想
2．launch__satellites 发射卫星
3．one__giant__leap__for__mankind 人类巨大的一步
4．achieve__many__goals 实现很多目标
5．explore__the__universe 探索宇宙
6．carry on space exploration 进行太空探索
7．despite the huge risks 尽管有巨大的风险
8．make great progress in a short time 在短时间内取得巨大的进步
9．signal one step further 标志着往前一步
10．survive well 好好生存
探究一 热词
(一)高频词
1.determined adj. 有决心的，意志坚定的(教材P40)
determine vt. 查明；确定；决定 determination n. 决心；决定 determine to do sth 决心做某事(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事 be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态) be determined that ... 决心……
【语境感知】
①I was proud of his strong determination.
我为他坚毅的决心而骄傲。
②He determined to start his own business after years of working for someone else.
在为别人工作多年后，他决定自己创业。
③After careful consideration, she determined on pursuing a career in medicine.
经过深思熟虑后，她决定从事医学事业。
④She is determined to finish her studies despite the challenges she faces.
她下定决心要完成学业，尽管面临诸多挑战。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The parents were determined that the two girls should be fully self supporting.
②I determine to__continue (continue) to research in this area and improve my study in the future.
③There was an expression of fierce determination (determine) on her face.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④他下决心要成为一名优秀的篮球运动员。
He__was__determined__to__become__an__excellent__basketball__player.
⑤我已经决定毕业后去西藏。
I__have__determined__on/upon__going__to__Tibet__after__graduation.
2.launch vt.& n. 发射；发起；上市；使投身于(事业等)(教材P40)
launch a rocket/communications satellite 发射火箭/通信卫星 launch (oneself) into (热情地)开始做，投入 launch out 开始从事，投身于(新的、尤指更令人兴奋的事业) the launch of ……的发射/发起/上市
【语境感知】
①NASA launched a communications satellite to improve communication links.
NASA发射了一颗通信卫星以改善通信链路。
②She launched herself into a new hobby, painting landscapes in her free time.
她投身于一项新爱好，即在空闲时间画风景画。
③It's time I launched out on my own.
该是我自己创业的时候了。
④The launch of a series of new car models has contributed to the growth of the automobile industry.
一系列新车型的推出促进了汽车行业的发展。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The publishing house is going to launch out a new journal.
②She launched herself into her studies with renewed determination.
③The launch of the new smartphone model attracted huge crowds and media attention.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④为了筹集15万美元，该组织发起了一场募捐活动。
The__organization__launched__a__campaign__to__raise__$150，000.
⑤科学家们成功地将一颗卫星送入轨道，以研究地球的大气层。
Scientists__successfully__launched__a__satellite__into__orbit__to__study__the__planet's__atmosphere.
3.leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt. 跳过；跃过(教材P40)
a leap in ... ……的骤变/剧增/激增 make/take a leap 纵身一跳；飞速增长 leap up 跃起 leap at 迅速抓住；急切地接受(机会) look before you leap 三思而后行
【语境感知】
①The invention of the Internet was a leap in human communication and connectivity.
互联网的发明是人类沟通和连接方面的一大飞跃。
②She took a flying leap and landed on the other side of the stream.
她纵身一跃，落在了小溪的另一边。
③The cat leaped up onto the counter as soon as it saw the fish on the plate.
猫一看到盘子里的鱼，就跳上了柜台。
④The post of principal of the theatre school became vacant and he leapt at the chance.
戏剧学校校长的职位空缺了，他抓住了这个机会。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①There is a great leap in technology advancement since the invention of smartphones.
②When I offered her the job, she leapt at it immediately.
③He leaped up from his chair when he heard the good news.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④不管你想做什么事，请三思而后行。
No__matter__what__you__want__to__do,__please__look__before__you__leap.
⑤宋代是城市发展史上的一次飞跃和重要转折。
The__development__of__the__city__was__an__important__transition__and__a__leap__in__the__Song__Dynasty.
4.disappointment n. 失望；沮丧(教材 P41)
disappoint v. 使失望 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的 be disappointed at/by sth 对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb/sth 对某人/某事感到失望 be disappointed to do sth 做某事很失望 be disappointed that ... 失望的是…… to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
【语境感知】
①The wine was excellent, but the food was disappointing.
酒很好，但食物令人失望。
②She was disappointed at the outcome of the game, despite her team's best efforts.
尽管她的团队已经尽力了，但她对比赛的结果还是很失望。
③I am disappointed in you—I really thought I could trust you!
你真让我失望——我原以为可以相信你的！
④In the next spring, he reached the same spot but was disappointed to find only leaves.
第二年春天，他来到了同一个地方，但失望地发现只有树叶。
⑤I was disappointed that John was not there.
我很失望约翰不在那儿。
⑥To Edward's disappointment, Gina never turned up at the party.
令爱德华失望的是，吉娜从未出现在聚会上。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①In spite of his disappointment (disappoint), he managed a weak smile.
②Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing (disappoint) nevertheless.
③He was disappointed to__see (see) she wasn't in the match.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④令我非常失望的是，他拒绝帮助我。
To__my__great__disappointment,__he__refused__to__help__me.
⑤他们对结果感到失望是可以理解的。
They__were__understandably__disappointed__with__the__result.
5.desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望(教材P41)
have a/no desire for sth 急于想得到某物/对某物没有欲望 have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事 satisfy one's desire 满足某人的欲望 desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 desire that sb/sth (should) do sth 渴望某人/物做某事
【语境感知】
①Many people in rural areas have a strong desire to improve their lives through having jobs.
许多农村地区的人强烈希望通过工作来改善生活。
②He worked hard to satisfy his desire for success and recognition in his field.
他努力工作，以满足他在自己领域获得成功和认可的愿望。
③Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country.
想住在这个国家北方的人更少了。
④Harold desired that he (should) be buried next to his wife after he died.
哈罗德希望他死后能葬在他的妻子旁边。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He desires to__join (join) the army and devote himself to the motherland.
②I have no desire for money that has been made by dishonest means.
③The president desired that you (should)__visit (visit) him next month.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④我有强烈的愿望去帮助和关心他人。
I__had__a__strong__desire__to__help__and__care__for__people.
⑤她希望这事暂时别提。
She__desires__that__it__should__not__be__mentioned__for__the__present.
6.signal vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号；示意 n. 信号；标志(教材P41)
signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal (sb) that ... (向某人)发信号/示意…… a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号 a/the signal of ……的信号 send/give out a signal 发出信号
【语境感知】
①She quickly put a finger to her lips and signalled them to be quiet.
她迅速把手指放在嘴唇上，示意他们保持安静。
②She has signalled (that) she is willing to stand as a candidate.
她表示愿意作为候选人参加竞选。
③The flashing red light served as a warning signal to slow down.
闪烁的红灯作为警告信号，提示减速慢行。
④Kurdish leaders saw the visit as an important signal of support.
库尔德领导人将这次访问视作一种表示支持的重要信号。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Chest pains can be a warning signal of heart problems.
②The policeman signalled to the truck to stop.
③That would signal that something in common can be found.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④他示意要我们加入他们队。
He__signalled__to__us__to__join__their__team.
⑤最早的交通信号灯是为火车而不是汽车通行设计的。
The__earliest__traffic__signals__were__designed__for__trains,__not__cars.
(二)拓展词
7.transmit vt.& vi. 传输；发送→transmission n. 传输；传递
【语境感知】
The music was transmitted wirelessly through Bluetooth, providing a clear transmission of sound to the speakers.
音乐通过蓝牙无线传输，为扬声器提供清晰的声音传输。
8.independent adj. 独立的；自立的→independence n. 独立(之日)；自主；自立→independently adv. 独立地；自立地
【语境感知】
She is an independent woman who chooses to live independently and values her independence above all else.
她是一位独立的女性，选择独立生活，并把独立看作最重要的价值观。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The two scientists both made the same discovery independently (independent), at roughly the same time.
②When the transmission (transmit) is good, some foreign stations can be heard.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③典礼通过卫星向五十多个国家进行了实况转播。
The__ceremony__was__transmitted__live__by__satellite__to__over__fifty__countries.
④独立对我来说很重要。
It__was__important__to__me__to__be__independent.
（三）熟词生义
9.rocket [熟义] n. 火箭；火箭弹 [生义] v. 快速增长；猛增
【语境感知】
①The rocket was launched from a space research base.
这枚火箭是从太空研究基地发射的。
②The price of meat, particularly pork, has indeed rocketed in the past months.
过去几个月，肉类，尤其是猪肉的价格确实飙升了。
【学会理解】同义词替换
①Since its release last month, the sales of the company's latest product have rocketed.soared__猛增
【学会表达】翻译句子
②航天飞机发射时，它像火箭一样直冲云霄。
When__the__space__shuttle__was__launched,__it__rose__into__the__sky__like__a__rocket.
探究二 短语
10.so as to (do sth) 为了；以便(教材P41)
意为“以便……；为使……；目的是……”的短语： so as to (do sth) (只能位于句中；否定形式用so as not to) in order to (do sth) (可位于句首或句中) so that (只能位于句中) in order that (只能位于句中)
【语境感知】
①We should improve our ability to engage in international communication so as to tell China's story well and make the voice of China heard.
我们应该提高参与国际交流的能力，以便讲好中国的故事，让中国的声音被听到。
②In order to keep the environment clean, everyone should recycle and reduce waste.
为了保持环境清洁，每个人都应该回收并减少浪费。
③I brought an umbrella with me so that I wouldn't get wet in the rain.
我带了一把伞，以便在雨中不会被淋湿。
④They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.
他们坐飞机到那里是为了能及时参加开幕式。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He practiced speaking English every day so as to__improve (improve) his fluency.
②My friends endured tremendous danger in order to__help (help) me.
③All those concerned must work together in order that agreement can be reached on this issue.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④他每天都练习，目的是成为一名更好的音乐家。
He__practiced__every__day__in__order__that__he__would__become__a__better__musician.
⑤为了提高我的写作技巧，我读了很多书和文章。
In__order__to__improve__my__writing__skills,__I__read__a__lot__of__books__and__articles.
探究三 长难句分析
11.This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(教材P41) 这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
【分析】 This is because ... “这是因为……”，because 引导表语从句，表示原因。 表示原因/结果的表语从句： It/This/That is because ... “这/那是因为……”，其中It/This/That指代上文提到的情况，because引导表语从句，表示原因 That's why ... “那就是为什么……”，why引导表语从句，表示结果 The reason (why ...) is/was that ... “……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句，表示原因的具体内容
【语境感知】
①The flowers are blooming beautifully; this is because spring has arrived.
花儿开得如此美丽，这是因为春天已经到了。
②That is why the country is called the Gateway to Europe.
那就是为什么这个国家被称为通往欧洲的门户。
③The reason why he's so popular is that he is kind and generous.
他如此受欢迎的原因是他既善良又慷慨。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
②She is always unhappy; this is because she is rather demanding.
③The reason why Jack missed the lecture was that he forgot the time.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④这是因为听是我们日常获取语言信息的主要途径。
That__is__because__listening__is__a__key__way__of__receiving__language__information__in__our__daily__life.
⑤我放弃的原因是我完全看不到将要到达的地方。
The__reason__why__I__gave__up__is__that__I__could__not__see__the__place__which__I__was__going__to__reach__completely.
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义
(B)1.spacecraft (E)2.universe (C)3.mankind (D)4.agency (A)5.determined A．adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的 B．n. 航天器；宇宙飞船 C．n. 人类 D．n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 E．n. 宇宙；天地万物 (D)6.on board (A)7.carry on (C)8.focus on (E)9.step onto (B)10.in the hope of doing sth A．继续做，坚持干 B．抱着……的希望 C．专注于；集中于 D．在船上；在飞机上 E．走上；踏上
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt. 跳过；跃过
2．giant adj. 巨大的；伟大的 n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人
3．data n. [pl.] 资料；数据
4．frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区
5．signal vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志
6．desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望
7．determine vt. 查明；确定；决定
8．rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹
9．transmit vt.& vi. 传输；发送
10．orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I have a strong desire to__write (write) a book and share my experiences with others.
2．Don't raise your hopes too high, or you may be disappointed (disappoint).
3．Harrer was one of the first to__climb (climb) the north face of the Eiger.
4．It's a story about a man who left jail and determined to__reform (reform)．
5．He sent an email to the company in the hope of getting an interview opportunity.
6．The images of the moon's surface were__transmitted (transmit) back to earth and printed out.
7．A new satellite has been put into orbit around the earth.
8．The children were encouraged to think independently (independent) and solve problems on their own.
Ⅳ.选词填空
module, satellite, leap, signal, vehicle, mankind, launch, disappoint
1．The phone rang, signal(l)ing that someone was calling.
2．Only light vehicles are allowed over the old bridge.
3．In summary, this was a disappointing performance.
4．The rocket was__launched from the space center in Florida last month.
5．The course consists of five optional modules．
6．She threw back the covers and leapt/leaped out of bed.
7．The satellite revolves around the earth once every hundred minutes.
8．The civilization of mankind has taken thousands of years to develop.
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．She determined/was__determined__to__go__out__and__shop (决定外出购物) till she dropped.
2．Despite the challenges, the charity will__carry__on__helping__those__in__need (将坚持帮助那些有需要的人)．
3．He admitted that his parents were strict with him; that__was__why (那就是……的原因) he made so many achievements.
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．她的伙伴们有强烈的获胜欲望。
Her__partners__have__a__strong__desire__to__win.
2．这对夫妇搬到了一个大城市，希望得到更好的治疗。
The__couple__moved__to__a__big__city__in__the__hope__of__getting__better__treatment.
3．为了到达山顶，我们不得不徒步数小时。
We__had__to__hike__for__several__hours__in__order/so__as__to__get__to__the__top__of__the__mountain.
课后课时作业(一)
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比70%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 完形填空
(2024·广西桂林市高一下期末)Careers in science are often considered as difficult for students lacking talent or intelligence, yet the experience of Scott Kelly, commander of the International Space Station, stands as an example to prove it's __1__．
As a child, he displayed little interest in science or any other __2__. He spent most of his school days daydreaming because he was unable to __3__ the lessons. As a result, his grades were terrible and he barely graduated from high school, doubting whether he would ever __4__ his dreams.
That all __5__ when he picked up and read The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe's book of the pioneering Americans who first explored space. __6__ at last, he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes. Therefore, he __7__ his mind to perform well in his science classes.
After years of daydreaming, it was not a(n) __8__ task. But he approached it like a game. The more he __9__ his study skills, the more he gained knowledge and improved. __10__， it became a personal __11__ to see how capable he could become. No one was more surprised than him when this __12__ daydreamer began to get straight A's in his science exams, which is significant for him to become an astronaut.
We'd better stop __13__ the statement that science is just too hard. If you are a student who has been told “you're not a science person” or “your mind doesn't function that way”， just __14__ such comments! Anyone who desires to learn can master these subjects—they just need to be __15__ to do the work.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Scott Kelly (斯科特·凯利)从对科学不感兴趣到成为国际空间站指挥官，强调了只要有决心和努力，任何人都能克服困难，实现自己的梦想。
1．A.wrong B．normal
C．unusual D．illegal
答案：A
解析：wrong错误的；normal正常的；unusual不寻常的；illegal非法的。根据上文“Careers in science ... talent or intelligence”及表示转折的词“yet”可知，作者认为这种观点是错误的。故选A。
2．A.schedules B．goals
C．subjects D．students
答案：C
解析：根据下文“He spent most of his school days daydreaming”可知，他对科学或任何其他学科都表现出很少的兴趣。故选C。
3．A.work on B．set about
C．think about D．focus on
答案：D
解析：work on从事于；set about开始；think about考虑；focus on集中于。根据上文“He spent most of his school days daydreaming”可知，他无法专注于课程。故选D。
4．A.reach B．accept
C．realize D．observe
答案：C
解析：reach到达；accept接受；realize实现；observe观察。根据下文“his dreams”可知，此处表示实现梦想。故选C。
5．A.finished B．realized
C．happened D．changed
答案：D
解析：finish完成；realize意识到；happen发生；change改变。根据下文“he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes”可知，他以前是一个成绩很差的学生，现在却要决心成为宇航员，由此可推知，此处指一切都改变了。故选D。
6．A.Inspired B．Disappointed
C．Satisfied D．Shocked
答案：A
解析：inspired受到鼓舞的；disappointed失望的；satisfied满意的；shocked震惊的。根据下文“he was determined to be an astronaut”可知，他受到鼓舞。故选A。
7．A.gave up B．made up
C．formed into D．got into
答案：B
解析：give up放弃；make up下定决心；form into形成；get into进入。根据上文“he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes”可知，他下定决心要在科学课上表现出色。故选B。
8．A.possible B．difficult
C．easy D．intelligent
答案：C
解析：possible可能的；difficult困难的；easy容易的；intelligent聪明的。根据上文“After years of daydreaming”可知，他以前总是做白日梦，现在要真正努力学习，这并不是一项容易的任务。故选C。
9．A.planned B．practiced
C．arranged D．exchanged
答案：B
解析：plan计划；practice练习；arrange安排；exchange交换。根据下文“his study skills”可知，他练习学习能力。故选B。
10．A.Particularly B．Surprisingly
C．Fortunately D．Eventually
答案：D
解析：particularly尤其；surprisingly令人惊讶地；fortunately幸运地；eventually最终。根据下文“it became a personal”以及“daydreamer began ... to become an astronaut”可知，下文是经过了一系列努力之后的最终结果。故选D。
11．A.warning B．deal
C．competition D．movement
答案：C
解析：warning警告；deal交易；competition竞赛；movement运动。根据下文“to see how capable he could become”可知，这成了一场自己和自己的竞赛。故选C。
12．A.real B．former
C．free D．latest
答案：B
解析：real真实的；former以前的；free自由的；latest最新的。根据下文“daydreamer”可知，此处指这个曾经做白日梦的学生开始在科学考试中取得全A的成绩。故选B。
13．A.signing B．breaking
C．furthering D．criticizing
答案：C
解析：sign签署；break打破；further推进；criticize批评。根据下文“the statement that science is just too hard”可知，此处指我们最好不要再进一步宣扬“科学太难了”的说法。故选C。
14．A.apply B．ignore
C．return D．handle
答案：B
解析：apply申请；ignore忽略；return返回；handle处理。根据上文“If you are a student ... function that way”以及下文“such comments”可知，此处指要忽略这些评论。故选B。
15．A.willing B．worried
C．equal D．forced
答案：A
解析：句意：任何想要学习的人都可以掌握这些科目——他们只需要愿意去做这项工作。willing愿意的；worried担心的；equal平等的；forced被迫的。故选A。
Ⅱ 阅读
(2024·河南省郑州市高一下期末)As human beings, we naturally tend to become more and more curious about everything about ourselves, including our history, psychology and philosophy. Much of our knowledge moves around humankind itself, as if we were the most important thing in the universe.
But in the course of the centuries, we have come to realize just how many wrong ideas we have had. We have learned of the existence of black holes, waves of space, and the extraordinary molecular (分子的) structures in every cell of our bodies.
The more we discover, the more we understand that what we don't yet know is greater than what we know. The more powerful our telescopes are, the stranger and more unexpected are the heavens we see. The closer we look at the detail of matter, the more we discover of its great structure.
In a famous story told by Plato in the seventh book of The Republic, some men are chained at the bottom of a dark cave and see only shadows cast upon a wall by a fire behind them. They think that this is reality. One of them frees himself, leaves the cave and discovers the light of the sun and the wider world. At first, the light, to which his eyes are unaccustomed (不适应的), surprises and confuses him. But eventually he can see and returns excitedly to his friends to tell them what he has seen. They find it hard to believe.
We are all in the depths of a cave, chained by our ignorance and prejudice (偏见), so our weak senses show only shadows. If we try to see further, we are confused: we are unaccustomed. But we try. This is science. Scientific thinking explores and redraws the world, gradually offering us better and better images of it, teaching us to think in ever more effective ways. Its strength is its ability to overthrow old ideas, to uncover new regions of reality, and to construct new, more effective images of the world. This adventure rests upon the entirety of past knowledge, but at its heart is change.
The incompleteness and the uncertainty of our knowledge, hung over the abyss (深渊) of what we don't know, does not make life meaningless; it makes life interesting and precious.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对宇宙认知的局限性与探索未知的重要性。
1．What are the first three paragraphs mainly about
A．Splendid cultures for centuries created by man.
B．Enough existing technologies for further exploration.
C．New discoveries of the universe proved to be wrong.
D．Our incomplete and uncertain knowledge of the universe.
答案：D
解析：段落大意题。根据文章前三段内容可知，人类对于自身的探索从历史、心理学到哲学，而这些探索揭示了我们曾有的许多错误观念，我们了解了黑洞的存在、空间波以及人体细胞内的分子结构等。所以，前三段都在说明我们对宇宙的认知是不完整且充满不确定性的。故选D。
2．Why does the author use the story told by Plato
A．To let us truly realize the cruelty of reality.
B．To cheer for the heroic deeds of pursuing freedom.
C．To inspire us to explore more about the unknown world.
D．To prove our unfamiliarity and prejudice about the world.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In a famous story ... and the wider world.”可知，柏拉图在《理想国》第七卷中讲述了一个著名的故事，一些人被锁在一个黑暗的洞穴底部，只能看到身后的火投射在墙上的影子，他们认为这是现实。其中一人重获自由，离开洞穴，发现了阳光和更广阔的世界。由此可推知，作者用柏拉图讲的故事激励我们去更多地探索未知的世界。故选C。
3．What does the author want to stress in the article
A．Making nature take its course improves our lives.
B．Past knowledge prevents us building a new world.
C．Exploring the universe makes our life meaningful.
D．Discovering the universe a lot will cause confusion.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章整体上强调了尽管人类的知识存在局限性和不确定性，但正是这种对未知的探索让生命变得有趣且宝贵。科学思维不断挑战旧观念，揭示新的现实层面，构建更有效的世界观。由此可推知，作者想要强调的是探索宇宙赋予了我们生活的意义。故选C。
4．What could be the best title for the passage
A．The Reasons for Learning to People
B．The Significance of Exploring the Unknown
C．The Effect of Knowledge on Human Beings
D．The Eagerness for Knowledge of the Unknown
答案：B
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，整篇文章围绕人类对未知的探索展开，讨论了这一过程如何逐渐改变我们的认知，使生活充满意义。B项(探索未知的意义)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
(2024·广东省广州市五校高一下期末)Beijing, China—China's Chang'e 6 lunar probe has successfully landed on the far side of the Moon, marking a significant milestone (里程碑) in the country's space exploration program. The probe touched down in the South Pole Aitken (SPA) Basin on June 2, 2024, becoming the second spacecraft __1__ (land) on the Moon's far side.
The Chang'e 6 mission is designed to collect lunar samples, conduct scientific experiments __2__ pave the way for future human exploration of the Moon. The probe __3__ (equip) with a variety of instruments, which will be used to study the composition of the lunar surface and atmosphere.
The successful landing of Chang'e 6 is a major achievement for China's space program, which __4__ (make) rapid progress in recent years. The Chang'e 6 mission is expected to provide people with __5__ (value) new insights into the geological history of the Moon. The __6__ (collect) samples will be studied by scientists around the world to help us better understand __7__ formation and evolution of the Moon. The mission is also a significant step forward for China's plans to establish sites __8__ a permanent human presence on the Moon is possible.
China's growing space program is seen __9__ a sign of the country's increasing technological advances and its ambition to become a major player in the global space race. The success is a testament to China's __10__ (commit) to space exploration and is sure to inspire future generations of Chinese scientists and engineers.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国嫦娥六号月球探测器成功着陆月球背面的消息，并对嫦娥六号的任务及其意义进行了简要介绍。
1．答案：to land
解析：考查非谓语动词。被序数词修饰的名词后面应用动词不定式作定语。故填to land。
2．答案：and
解析：考查连词。“collect lunar samples”，“conduct scientific experiments”以及“pave the way for future human exploration of the Moon”为三个并列成分，应用and连接。故填and。
3．答案：is equipped
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。be equipped with是固定短语，意为“配备……”，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语The probe是单数，且与equip之间为被动关系。故填is equipped。
4．答案：has made
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语which指代先行词China's space program，是单数。故填has made。
5．答案：valuable
解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词insights，应用形容词valuable作定语。故填valuable。
6．答案：collected
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处作定语修饰名词samples，且和samples之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填collected。
7．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。名词短语formation and evolution被介词短语of the Moon修饰，表示特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。
8．答案：where
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是sites，设空处在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
9．答案：as
解析：考查介词。句意：中国不断发展的太空计划被视为该国技术进步日益加快和其在全球太空竞赛中成为主要参与者的雄心的象征。see ... as ... 为固定短语，意为“把……看作……”。故填as。
10．答案：commitment
解析：考查词性转换。to是介词，后面应接名词作宾语。故填commitment。
精深阅读
(2024·湖北省武汉市重点中学5G联合体高一下期末)Some of the world's most important scientists think the idea of people living on Mars will come true one day. Stephen Hawking believed humans must move into space to survive. “Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe，” he said. Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense. He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot—for example, about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment.
However, scientists will need to terraform Mars for people to be able to live. One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature there is about －60 ℃. One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce greenhouse gases. This could take many centuries. However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe.
Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still stay healthy in mind and body. As a test, six people lived in a Mars like environment in Hawaii for a year before “returning to Earth” recently. It was a 1，200 square foot room that was on the side of a volcano and used the sun for energy. Christiane Heinicke, one of the people who lived there, said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities. Another important finding was that the people living together should all be able to get along and work together.
One particular organization based in Europe is planning to send the first humans to Mars before 2030. The organization believes that its project is giving people worldwide the chance to be part of the first human crew ever to live on Mars for good. However, many experts think the project's cost of US $6 billion is too low for it to be successful. The American space agency NASA believes that sending people to Mars would cost US about $100 billion, although this estimate is based on bringing them back to Earth, too. Regardless, it seems that humans living on Mars may well happen a lot sooner than most people believe.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们认为人类移居火星的想法终有一天能够实现，以及对未来移居火星的一些设想。
1．Why is Stephen Hawking mentioned in Paragraph 1
A．To predict the future.
B．To show his concern.
C．To introduce the topic.
D．To advertise space living.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Stephen Hawking believed ... our future should be safe (Stephen Hawking (史蒂芬·霍金)认为人类必须进入太空才能生存。‘一旦我们扩展到太空并建立独立的殖民地，我们的未来就应该是安全的’)”可推知，此处引用Stephen Hawking的话来引出人类需要将领地延伸至太空，引入了本文的话题。故选C。
2．What does the underlined word “terraform” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Warming up a planet.
B．Moving to a planet.
C．Constructing a planet.
D．Changing the environment on a planet.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“One of the main goals ... that people can breathe.”可知，科学家们需要将火星改造成和地球环境更相似的地方，使人类能够居住。由此可知，画线词terraform意为“改造某个星球的环境”。故选D。
3．What can you learn from the text
A．The budget of the project is cost effective.
B．Greenhouse gases are a must for living on Mars.
C．Hawaii is a place with Mars like environment.
D．Humans living on Mars will be a reality in the not too distant future.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One idea for warming Mars ... that people can breathe.”可知，在火星上生活必须要有温室气体。故选B。
4．What could be a suitable title for the text
A．Life on Mars
B．Homes on Mars
C．Mars Exploration
D．Escape from Planet Earth
答案：B
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家为移民火星做出的一些准备。B项(在火星上安家？)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．independent adj. 独立的
2．average adj. 平均的；正常的，一般的 n. 平均数；平均水平
3．produce v. 产生；引起；生长
4．rainfall n. 降雨量；下雨
5．estimate v．& n. 估计；判断
(二)高频短语
6．come__true (愿望、梦想等)成真
7．make sense 有道理
8．warm__up 使热；变热
9．get along 和睦相处
10．for good 永远地；彻底地
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．There were several young people sitting around looking bored (bore)．
12．She tried to calm down, but she just couldn't keep herself from being angry.
13．Children need opportunities for growth (grow) and development in all areas of their lives.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．The issue of climate change is a major concern for many people today.(有关某事的)问题，担忧
15．Thanks to his help we were able to survive this terrible disaster in the end. 幸免于难
16．After years of research, scientists announced an important finding in the field of cancer treatment.发现
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
particular， vary， main
17．My collection is really diverse because I've traveled all over the world to find them.various
18．Poor housing and unemployment are the major problems.main
19．You can select a specific application to open a document.particular
(六)长难句分析
20．However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe.
句意：然而，这应该会导致降雨和植物生长，从而产生更多人们可以呼吸的空气。
分析：主干是it__should__lead__...__of__plants；现在分词短语resulting in ... 作结果状语；that引导定语从句，修饰air。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．Her patience and kindness allow__us__to__feel__comfortable (使我们感到舒适) in her presence.
22．The movie was__based__on (基于) a popular novel, but the plot was significantly changed.
(八)仿写句子
23．However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe. (现在分词短语作结果状语)
仿写：到处都是泥和积水，很难从一个地方走到另一个地方。
There__is__mud__and__water__everywhere,__making__it__difficult__to__travel__from__place__to__place.
课后课时作业(二)
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·湖南省长沙地质中学高一下期中)The International Space Station (ISS) is a science laboratory in space. It is made of many different pieces that have been added on slowly since 1998. The group of astronauts working there changes often, but people have been living in the ISS for almost 18 years.
On Wednesday, NASA discovered that there was a leak in the ISS. The station is full of air that the astronauts can breathe. But outside the ISS, in space, there is no air. That means the pressure inside the station is much higher. So, the ISS was like a bike tire with a tiny hole in it.
On Thursday, the astronauts went to work and soon found the leak. It was less than 2 millimeters wide. That's about as wide as the lead (笔芯) on a pencil that hasn't been sharpened. The hole is in a Russian part of the station, called the Soyuz. The Soyuz is the spacecraft that brought three of the astronauts to the ISS. Luckily, the Soyuz can still be used to return to Earth. When the astronauts first found the leak, German astronaut Alexander Gerst did something that seemed very natural—he covered the hole with his thumb. Because the hole was so tiny, the astronauts were never in any danger. But it was still important to stop the leak. While they waited for more advice from Earth, the astronauts covered the hole with special tape. After many people discussed the problem on the ground, the astronauts were told how to fix the hole. Sergey Prokopyev of Russia did the job, filling the hole with cloth soaked in special glue.
The repair seems to have worked. The astronauts were able to get the air pressure back to normal. On Friday, the astronauts returned to their regular work.
NASA says that the hole was probably made by a tiny bit of a meteorite (陨石)—a rock flying through space. Some people believe the hole could be from a screw (螺丝) that came loose. It is also possible that the station was hit by a small piece of “space debris (残骸)”—tiny pieces of trash from other spacecraft. As more and more rockets and satellites are sent into space, space debris is a more common problem.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了宇航员修复国际空间站的泄漏的过程和结果。
1．What was the problem with the ISS
A．The air started to go out from the ISS.
B．The ISS was hit by a piece of space debris.
C．The pressure outside the ISS was higher than that inside.
D．The astronauts inside the ISS had difficulty in breathing.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“On Wednesday, NASA discovered that there was a leak in the ISS.”可知，美国宇航局发现国际空间站出现了泄漏，由此可推知，空气开始从国际空间站排出。故选A。
2．What do we know about the hole
A．It was as sharp as a pencil lead.
B．It was caused by three of Russian astronauts.
C．It had posed a great danger to the astronauts.
D．It was so small that the thumb could cover it.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When the astronauts first found ... with his thumb.”可知，这个洞太小了，拇指可以盖住它。故选D。
3．What did the astronauts use to fix the leak in the ISS
A．A thumb and special tape.
B．Special tape and cloth soaked in special glue.
C．A pencil lead and special tape.
D．A pencil and cloth soaked in special glue.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While they waited for more advice ... filling the hole with cloth soaked in special glue.”可知，宇航员们用特殊胶带和布浸泡在特殊胶水中来修复国际空间站的泄漏。故选B。
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．The Danger of the Leak in the International Space Station
B．The International Space Station Finds the Origin of the Leak
C．New Ways to Fix the Leak in the International Space Station
D．Astronauts Fix the Leak in the International Space Station
答案：D
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了宇航员修复国际空间站的泄漏的过程和结果。D项(宇航员修复国际空间站的泄漏)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
B
(2024·安徽省芜湖市高一下期中)It's easy for consumers to buy food and drinks like a bowl of hot rice and coke online or from neighbourhood shops, but for astronauts such things were impossible in the past.
Members of China's Shenzhou manned space flight, however, were able to enjoy such food, thanks to Joyoung, a Chinese firm. Joyoung created a mobile space kitchen for the astronauts. A drinking water machine, an air heater and a soybean milk maker were all accessible in the kitchen through a smart app. Tang Hongbo, who was a member of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft said in the news that during his three month trip, he could eat hot food with just half hour efforts, a contrast to the past when similar attempts required several hours. “If we had time, we would also use equipment to eat homemade yogurt. We could also control the equipment in the space kitchen through mobile phone apps，” he said.
In the past, most foods couldn't be directly heated in a microwave oven in the space. Conduction equipment often caused uneven (不均匀的) heating. An astronaut had to spend as long as four hours to heat some vegetables in the space kitchen. To solve the problem, Joyoung has developed equipment that gives out hot air to heat vegetables in a 360 degree way. That enables astronauts to eat steaming hot fish flavoured pork and Gongbao chicken, a spicy, stir fried Chinese dish.
Besides Joyoung, a group of companies, including Xiaomi Corp and Huawei Technologies, have contributed their technologies to the development of the space station. A vacuum (真空) cleaner made haircuts on the spacecraft possible. NOLO VR, a Chinese virtual reality manufacturer, has helped astronauts develop an experimental equipment through which laboratory technicians on the ground can see and experience what astronauts are doing in space.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍九阳公司为宇航员们设计了一个移动太空厨房，让宇航员们更加方便、快捷地享用食物。
5．What do astronauts think of Joyoung's mobile space kitchen
A．Water saving. B．Energy wasting.
C．Time saving. D．Money wasting.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tang Hongbo, who was a member of ... when similar attempts required several hours.(神舟载人飞船成员汤洪波在新闻中说，在他三个月的旅行中，他只需要半个小时就能吃到热的食物，而过去类似的尝试需要几个小时。)”可知，宇航员认为九阳的移动太空厨房能节省时间。故选C。
6．How does the author show the convenience on Shenzhou manned spacecraft
A．By making contrasts.
B．By analyzing results.
C．By providing pictures.
D．By answering questions.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Tang Hongbo, who was a member of ... when similar attempts required several hours.和第三段内容可知，在过去，大多数食物不能在太空中的微波炉中直接加热，加热一些蔬菜需要很长时间，但有了九阳开发的设备，宇航员能够在短时间内吃到热气腾腾的饭菜。由此可推知，作者通过将过去和现在的情况作比较，来展现神舟载人飞船上先进设备带来的便捷。故选A。
7．What does the last paragraph want to show
A．Joyoung needs to further its technology.
B．What astronauts are doing is significant.
C．Astronauts on board can do as they wish.
D．There are more technologies for the spacecraft.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，除了九阳，还有很多其他公司也为空间站的开发贡献了他们的技术。由此可推知，最后一段表明有更多的技术应用于宇宙飞船。故选D。
8．What is the best title of the text
A．The Hot Diet on the Space Station Needs to Be Addressed
B．Earth to Space, Firms Add Value by Creating Technology
C．Modern Technology Brings Convenience to Human Beings
D．Manufacturers Make Big Profits from Inventing Equipment
答案：B
解析：标题判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍九阳公司为宇航员们设计了一个移动太空厨房，让宇航员们更加方便、快捷地享用食物，除此之外，包括小米和华为在内的一些公司也为空间站的发展贡献了自己的技术。B项(从地球到太空，企业通过创造技术来增加价值)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Writing Assignment
Mrs Peabody, the English teacher, gave the class a writing assignment. “Write something in some way related to summer vacation，” she said. “Be as creative as you can. But，” the teacher added, “make sure you use proper spelling and grammar.”
That night Jim sat at his desk at home and stared at a blank sheet of paper. He didn't want to write about his summer vacation as usual. What could he write about, except a dog, a water park and two weeks of camp Boring ... He'd actually been happy to get back to school.
So he wrote what he wanted. Not an essay at all but a short story, science fiction. It was about a distant planet that didn't have summer—it was spring all the time. And it didn't have vacations either. The aliens on the planet worked 24 hours a day. They wished they had vacations.
The next morning he handed in the story, but later that night he lay awake until 3 am, thinking, “Why did I do that Will Mrs Peabody think I ignored the assignment？” English was his favorite class. Maybe he would beg Mrs Peabody for a chance to write another one, the sort she wanted.
But when he got to class the following day, it turned out that Mrs Peabody had already read and graded the essays.
The teacher said, “I'm going to pass back your summer vacation writings in a minute. I'm afraid I've got some rather harsh words to say. Almost everyone in class simply wrote an essay about his or her summer vacation ... Almost everyone.”
“This is bad，” Jim thought, “I'm getting an F. I know it.”
“But，” the teacher continued, “one of you had the courage to be as imaginative as I asked you to be. Jim Martin was the only one who got an A on the assignment.”
Jim couldn't believe his ears.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
When Mrs Peabody invited Jim to share some thoughts on his writing, other students were all looking at him expectantly. Mrs Peabody thought it was time to explain Jim's grade.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英语老师布置与暑假相关的写作任务，Jim (吉姆)没有按常规写暑假经历，而是创作了关于没有暑假的外星球的科幻故事，最后他获得了老师给出的A等成绩。他会与同学们分享什么呢？老师为什么会给Jim高分呢？
[精彩范文]
When Mrs Peabody invited Jim to share some thoughts on his writing, other students were all looking at him expectantly. Jim, feeling both surprised and nervous, slowly made his way to the front of the classroom. Clearing his throat, he began, “Well, I guess I just wanted to write something different. You know, everyone else would be writing about their beach trips or family vacations, and I thought, ‘Why not create a whole new world？’” He paused and then continued, “On this planet, they don't have summer or vacations, and I kind of felt sorry for the aliens there. It made me appreciate our summers even more.”
Mrs Peabody thought it was time to explain Jim's grade. She stood up and addressed the class. “Jim stretched his imagination and took a risk. That's precisely what I was hoping. Creativity and originality are qualities that are often overlooked in favor of conformity. His work reminded us all that writing is not just about meeting expectations—it's about exploring the boundaries of your imagination. That's why Jim earned an A．” The class erupted into applause, and Jim, standing tall, felt a surge of pride and newfound confidence in his own creativity.
精深阅读
(2024·吉林省吉林市普通高中高一下期末)No civilization is complete without legends about outer space. Our need to challenge the limits of what we know has made humans try to discover new worlds. However, outer space exploration can't be carried out without heavy investments, which can sometimes become a burden for any country or institution. But this changed forever.
Blue Origin, the space exploration company founded by American Jeff Bezos, amazon.com's CEO, made history on Nov. 23. It successfully launched a rocket to the edge of space and brought it back to Earth for a safe landing. The rocket, named New Shepard, was the first successful reusable rocket in space flight history. The next step is to prove it can fly again, making sure it is indeed reusable.
“We're getting closer to a new era of space tourism，” commented Discover magazine. Reusable rockets will help companies such as Blue Origin to achieve “a cost saving means” of transporting humans into space and back, said the magazine.
Previously, whenever a rocket had been sent into orbit, it had always been destroyed or lost in the process. Even the space shuttle, which returned to the ground undamaged and on its own power, was only partly reusable. This problem has made a single launch mission extremely expensive. A completely reusable system makes space travel more affordable and sustainable.
Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX and another big player in private space exploration, called the idea of a reusable system “the breakthrough needed to completely change access to space”．
According to an article in The Atlantic magazine, New Shepard's success has ended “a private space race” between Bezos and Musk. However, according to Emily Calandrelli, host and producer of Xploration Outer Space on Fox, it is not completely fair “to compare the two companies' achievements to date” because “their successes could be considered separate unique milestones on two different paths”. Blue Origin is aiming to sell directly to buyers (wealthy space tourists) while SpaceX is aiming to sell to large companies and the government (NASA, the Air Force). These two ideas require very different rockets.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了太空飞行史上第一个成功的可重复使用火箭的相关信息。
1．Why is outer space exploration difficult to achieve
A．Because there are no legends about it.
B．Because it needs a lot of money.
C．Because there are no good rockets.
D．Because humans don't have the technology.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, outer space exploration can't be carried out ... for any country or institution.(然而，太空探索不能在没有大量投资的情况下进行，这有时会成为任何一个国家或机构的负担。)”可知，太空探索难以实现的原因是需要大量的资金投入。故选B。
2．Compared with the past, what do reusable rockets enable companies like Blue Origin to achieve
A．A newer means of space tourism.
B．A safer landing back to Earth.
C．A smaller investment to make profits.
D．A less competition with other companies.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Reusable rockets will help companies ... said the magazine.(杂志称，可重复使用的火箭将帮助Blue Origin等公司实现‘节省成本的手段’，将人类送入太空并返回。)”可推知，与过去相比，可重复使用的火箭使Blue Origin等公司能够减少投资并获得利润。故选C。
3．What did Emily Calandrelli mean in the last paragraph
A．The two companies are similar in technologies.
B．The two companies haven't ended their space race.
C．The two companies have different target customers.
D．The two companies have the same goals.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Blue Origin is aiming to sell ... require very different rockets.(Blue Origin的目标是直接向买家(富裕的太空游客)销售，而SpaceX的目标是向大公司和政府(NASA，空军)销售。这两种想法需要完全不同的火箭。)”可推知，在最后一段Emily Calandrelli的意思是这两家公司有不同的目标客户。故选C。
4．What can be the best title of the passage
A．The Rise of Private Space Exploration Companies
B．The New Form of Space Travel
C．Comparing Achievements in Private Space Exploration
D．The First Successful Reusable Rocket in Space Flight History
答案：D
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了太空飞行史上第一个成功的，且可重复使用的火箭的相关信息。故选D。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．limit__ n. 限制；界限 v. 限制；限量；使限于
2．burden n. 负担
3．reusable adj. 可重复使用的
4．sustainable adj. 可持续的
5．separate v. (使)分离；隔开 adj. 不同的；分开的
(二)高频短语
6．carry out 进行；执行；完成
7．make sure 确保
8．in the process 在过程中；在进行中
9．access__to 去……的通路，使用……的机会
10．according__to 根据
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．The government is encouraging more investment (invest) in green energy.
12．The sky, which is partly (part) cloudy, is perfect for a picnic.
13．Homes are more__affordable (afford) than at any time in the past five years.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．The invention of the Internet can be seen as a milestone in human communication.里程碑
15．The Internet has become a means of connecting people from all over the world.方式；途径
16．In order to avoid the heavy traffic on the roads, some people prefer to travel by night and rest during the day.拥堵的
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
end， unique， found
17．The rainy season finished earlier this year, allowing for a successful harvest.ended
18．The university was established in 1875, with a focus on science and technology.founded
19．The way he plays the violin is truly distinct; his technique and emotion are beyond description.unique
(六)长难句分析
20．Previously, whenever a rocket had been sent into orbit, it had always been destroyed or lost in the process.
句意：以前，每当一个火箭被送入轨道，它总是在这个过程中被摧毁或丢失。
分析：主干是it__had__always__been__destroyed__or__lost；whenever引导时间状语从句；Previously作状语，修饰整个句子。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．The first step is to__make__a__plan (制订一个计划) before starting any new task.
22．The joy of what__we__learn__from__travel (我们从旅行中学到的) is to see the world through different eyes.
(八)仿写句子
23．Even the space shuttle, which returned to the ground undamaged and on its own power, was only partly reusable.(非限制性定语从句)
仿写：中国是我的祖国，正在快速发展。
China,__which__is__my__motherland,__is__developing__fast.
39(共146张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
单元主题：人与自然——太空探索
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业（一）
5
课后课时作业（二）
6
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．gravity n. ________________
2．frontier n. ______________________
3．vehicle n. ________________
4．determined adj. ______________________
5．satellite n. ________________
6．orbit n. ________________________________________
vt.& vi. ______________________________
7．giant adj. ___________________ n. ___________________
重力；引力
边境；国界；边远地区
交通工具；车辆
有决心的；意志坚定的
人造卫星；卫星
(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
巨大的；伟大的
巨人；巨兽；伟人
8．mankind n. _________
9．agency n. _____________________________________
10．data n. [pl.] ________________
11．on board __________________________________
12．spacecraft n. ___________________
13．disappointment n. ________________
14．universe n. ________________
15．spacewalk n. _____________________________
16．jade n. ________________
17．module n. ________________
人类
(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
资料；数据
在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
航天器；宇宙飞船
失望；沮丧
宇宙；天地万物
太空行走；太空行走的时间
玉；翡翠；玉器
舱；组件；模块
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．___________ vt. 查明；确定；决定
2．________ vt.& n. 发射；发起；上市
3．________ n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt. 跳过；跃过
4．__________________ n. 失望；沮丧
5．________ n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望
6．________ vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志
determine
launch
leap
disappointment
desire
signal
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．________ vt.& vi. 传输；发送→______________ n. 传输；传递
2．____________ adj. 独立的；自立的→_____________ n. 独立(之日)；自主；自立 →_____________ adv. 独立地；自立地
transmit
transmission
independent
independence
independently
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
rocket 熟义：n. ________________
生义：v. 快速增长；猛增
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1．__________ 继续做，坚持干
2．________________ 抱着……的希望
3．________________ 为了；以便
火箭；火箭弹
carry on
in the hope of ...
so as to (do sth)
自主学习 课文语篇
“Are we alone What's out there？” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries1. Space__exploration__has__come__a__long__way,__and__we__now__hope__to__discover__other__planets__that__are__suitable__enough__to__support__life.
课文三维剖析
1不定式短语作_________
目的状语
SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER
太空：最后的边境
“我们是孤家寡人吗？外面还有什么呢？”仰望星空，人们一直想要更加深刻地认识太空。科学家们也正在努力寻求答案。他们研制出飞行器，将勇敢者送入太空，去探寻宇宙的奥秘。太空探索已经取得长足的发展，而现在，他们也十分希望发现能够维持生命存在的其他行星。
笔记空间﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
2动名词短语作______
3引导______从句，修饰________
4不定式短语作______________，修饰________________
Before the mid 20th century, most people felt travelling into space2 was only a dream that3 could never come true. However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space4.
主语
定语
dream
后置定语
the first person
5现在分词作_________
6不定式短语作_________
7连接_________
8with复合结构作_____
Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying5，“That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” Following this, there were many more important space achievements. For example, on 5 September 1977, America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space6, and7 it still transmits data to this day. And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts from many different countries on board8.
伴随状语
目的状语
并列分句
状语
二十世纪中叶之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个无法实现的梦。然而，科学家们决意要帮助人类实现这个梦想。无数次实验之后，他们终于成功研制出能够摆脱地心引力的火箭。1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。八年后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，说出了那句名言： “对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。”此后，诸多其他目标得以实现。例如，为了研究外太空，美国国家航空航天局于1977年9月5日发射“旅行者一号”，该探测器至今仍在传回数据。再如，国际空间站(1998年建立)使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作，上面的宇航员来自不同国家。
笔记空间﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
9引导___________从句，意为“______________”
10不定式短语作__________，修饰__________
11引导_______从句
12动名词短语作介词of的_____
Although__scientists__try__to__make__sure__nothing__goes__wrong,__accidents__can__still__happen. For example, all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecraft died during their missions. However, while9 such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe10 did not die. This is because11 people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration12 despite the huge risks.
让步状语
虽然，尽管
后置定语
the desire
表语
宾语
虽然科学家们极力确保万无一失，但事故仍时有发生。例如，“联盟11号”“挑战者号”和“哥伦比亚号”宇宙飞船上的宇航员们在执行任务时全部遇难。这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
笔记空间﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
13不定式短语作________，修饰__________________
14引导______________从句
15“不定冠词＋序数词＋名词”表示“_______________”
16过去分词短语作______
China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space13 in 2003, when14 Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit15 and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by16 the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.
后置定语
the third country
非限制性定语
又……，再……
状语
17不定式短语作__________
18不定式短语作
___________
19现在分词短语作
__________
On 23 July 2020, China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars17.It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of valuable information. And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station18. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly furthering our understanding of the universe19.
目的状语
目的状语
结果状语
中国的太空项目起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内发展迅速。2003年，杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”宇宙飞船成功环绕地球运行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。此后，“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行以及中国人的第一次太空行走。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。2020年7月23日，中国发射“天问一号”探测火星表面。它于2021年2月抵达，随后发回大量有价值的信息。从2021年到2022年，中国完成了多次火箭(发射)任务，建立了自己的空间站。2022年，“梦天”太空舱的发射标志着天宫空间站基本建成。这个现代化的空间站使得宇航员们能够开展很多重要实验，从而大大加深我们对宇宙的了解。
笔记空间﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
20不定式短语作__________
21引导______从句，在从句中作______
22不定式短语作__________
The__future__of__space__exploration__remains__bright. Many countries have plans to further study planets20 like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that21 will enable the human race to survive well22 into the future.
太空探索的未来仍然是光明的。很多国家都已制订计划，将进一步研究火星、木星等行星。尽管困难重重，科学家们希望获得更多有价值的发现，让人类延续生存，直到未来。
后置定语
定语
主语
宾语补足语
A．China has made great progress in space exploration in the early 21st century, becoming the third country to send humans to space.
B．Space travel became a reality in the 20th century, with American and Soviet space missions.
C．The future of space exploration looks bright, as many countries are planning further missions.
D．Humans have always had a natural curiosity about space.
E．Space travel has always involved great risk, but despite the risks exploration continues.
(一)课文段意连线
阅读领悟
(____)Para.1
(____) Para.2
(____) Para.3
(____) Para.4
(____) Para.5
D
B
E
A
C
(二)细节理解填空
dream
was launched
orbited
October
the
first person
stepped onto
the moon
Voyager 1
1969
5 September
(三)相关话题语块
1．________________________________ 实现探索太空的梦想
2．________________ 发射卫星
3．_______________________ 人类巨大的一步
4．___________________ 实现很多目标
5．____________________ 探索宇宙
realise the dream to explore space
launch satellites
one giant leap for mankind
achieve many goals
explore the universe
6．carry on space exploration ________________
7．despite the huge risks ___________________
8．make great progress in a short time ___________________________
9．signal one step further ________________
10．survive well ________________
进行太空探索
尽管有巨大的风险
在短时间内取得巨大的进步
标志着往前一步
好好生存
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
（一）高频词
determine vt. 查明；确定；决定
determination n. 决心；决定
determine to do sth 决心做某事(表示动作)
determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事
be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态)
be determined that ... 决心……
1.determined adj. 有决心的，意志坚定的(教材P40)
【语境感知】
①I was proud of his strong determination.
我为他坚毅的决心而骄傲。
②He determined to start his own business after years of working for someone else.
在为别人工作多年后，他决定自己创业。
③After careful consideration, she determined on pursuing a career in medicine.
经过深思熟虑后，她决定从事医学事业。
④She is determined to finish her studies despite the challenges she faces.
她下定决心要完成学业，尽管面临诸多挑战。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The parents were determined ________ the two girls should be fully self supporting.
②I determine _____________ (continue) to research in this area and improve my study in the future.
③There was an expression of fierce ______________ (determine) on her face.
that
to continue
determination
【学会表达】翻译句子
④他下决心要成为一名优秀的篮球运动员。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤我已经决定毕业后去西藏。
____________________________________________________________________
He was determined to become an excellent basketball player.
I have determined on/upon going to Tibet after graduation.
launch a rocket/communications satellite 发射火箭/通信卫星
launch (oneself) into (热情地)开始做，投入
launch out 开始从事，投身于(新的、尤指更令人兴奋的事业)
the launch of ……的发射/发起/上市
2.launch vt.& n. 发射；发起；上市；使投身于(事业等)(教材P40)
【语境感知】
①NASA launched a communications satellite to improve communication links.
NASA发射了一颗通信卫星以改善通信链路。
②She launched herself into a new hobby, painting landscapes in her free time.
她投身于一项新爱好，即在空闲时间画风景画。
③It's time I launched out on my own.
该是我自己创业的时候了。
④The launch of a series of new car models has contributed to the growth of the automobile industry.
一系列新车型的推出促进了汽车行业的发展。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The publishing house is going to launch ________ a new journal.
②She launched herself ________ her studies with renewed determination.
③The launch ________ the new smartphone model attracted huge crowds and media attention.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④为了筹集15万美元，该组织发起了一场募捐活动。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤科学家们成功地将一颗卫星送入轨道，以研究地球的大气层。
____________________________________________________________________
out
into
of
The organization launched a campaign to raise $150，000.
Scientists successfully launched a satellite into orbit to study the planet's atmosphere.
a leap in ... ……的骤变/剧增/激增
make/take a leap 纵身一跳；飞速增长
leap up 跃起
leap at 迅速抓住；急切地接受(机会)
look before you leap 三思而后行
3.leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt. 跳过；跃过(教材P40)
【语境感知】
①The invention of the Internet was a leap in human communication and connectivity.
互联网的发明是人类沟通和连接方面的一大飞跃。
②She took a flying leap and landed on the other side of the stream.
她纵身一跃，落在了小溪的另一边。
③The cat leaped up onto the counter as soon as it saw the fish on the plate.
猫一看到盘子里的鱼，就跳上了柜台。
④The post of principal of the theatre school became vacant and he leapt at the chance.
戏剧学校校长的职位空缺了，他抓住了这个机会。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①There is a great leap ________ technology advancement since the invention of smartphones.
②When I offered her the job, she leapt ________ it immediately.
③He leaped ________ from his chair when he heard the good news.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④不管你想做什么事，请三思而后行。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤宋代是城市发展史上的一次飞跃和重要转折。
____________________________________________________________________
in
at
up
No matter what you want to do, please look before you leap.
The development of the city was an important transition and a leap in the Song Dynasty.
disappoint v. 使失望
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
be disappointed at/by sth 对某事感到失望
be disappointed in/with sb/sth 对某人/某事感到失望
be disappointed to do sth 做某事很失望
be disappointed that ... 失望的是……
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
4.disappointment n. 失望；沮丧(教材 P41)
【语境感知】
①The wine was excellent, but the food was disappointing.
酒很好，但食物令人失望。
②She was disappointed at the outcome of the game, despite her team's best efforts.
尽管她的团队已经尽力了，但她对比赛的结果还是很失望。
③I am disappointed in you—I really thought I could trust you!
你真让我失望——我原以为可以相信你的！
④In the next spring, he reached the same spot but was disappointed to find only leaves.
第二年春天，他来到了同一个地方，但失望地发现只有树叶。
⑤I was disappointed that John was not there.
我很失望约翰不在那儿。
⑥To Edward's disappointment, Gina never turned up at the party.
令爱德华失望的是，吉娜从未出现在聚会上。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①In spite of his ________________ (disappoint), he managed a weak smile.
②Our defeat was expected but it is ____________ (disappoint) nevertheless.
③He was disappointed ________ (see) she wasn't in the match.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④令我非常失望的是，他拒绝帮助我。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤他们对结果感到失望是可以理解的。
____________________________________________________________________
disappointment
disappointing
to see
To my great disappointment, he refused to help me.
They were understandably disappointed with the result.
have a/no desire for sth 急于想得到某物/对某物没有欲望
have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事
satisfy one's desire 满足某人的欲望
desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth 期望某人做某事
desire that sb/sth (should) do sth 渴望某人/物做某事
5.desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望(教材P41)
【语境感知】
①Many people in rural areas have a strong desire to improve their lives through having jobs.
许多农村地区的人强烈希望通过工作来改善生活。
②He worked hard to satisfy his desire for success and recognition in his field.
他努力工作，以满足他在自己领域获得成功和认可的愿望。
③Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country.
想住在这个国家北方的人更少了。
④Harold desired that he (should) be buried next to his wife after he died.
哈罗德希望他死后能葬在他的妻子旁边。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He desires ________ (join) the army and devote himself to the motherland.
②I have no desire ________ money that has been made by dishonest means.
③The president desired that you _____________ (visit) him next month.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④我有强烈的愿望去帮助和关心他人。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤她希望这事暂时别提。
____________________________________________________________________
to join
for
(should) visit
I had a strong desire to help and care for people.
She desires that it should not be mentioned for the present.
signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事
signal (sb) that ... (向某人)发信号/示意……
a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号
a/the signal of ……的信号
send/give out a signal 发出信号
6.signal vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号；示意
n. 信号；标志(教材P41)
【语境感知】
①She quickly put a finger to her lips and signalled them to be quiet.
她迅速把手指放在嘴唇上，示意他们保持安静。
②She has signalled (that) she is willing to stand as a candidate.
她表示愿意作为候选人参加竞选。
③The flashing red light served as a warning signal to slow down.
闪烁的红灯作为警告信号，提示减速慢行。
④Kurdish leaders saw the visit as an important signal of support.
库尔德领导人将这次访问视作一种表示支持的重要信号。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Chest pains can be a warning signal ________ heart problems.
②The policeman signalled ________ the truck to stop.
③That would signal ________ something in common can be found.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④他示意要我们加入他们队。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤最早的交通信号灯是为火车而不是汽车通行设计的。
____________________________________________________________________
of
to
that
He signalled to us to join their team.
The earliest traffic signals were designed for trains, not cars.
7.transmit vt.& vi. 传输；发送→_______________ n. 传输；传递
【语境感知】
The music was transmitted wirelessly through Bluetooth, providing a clear transmission of sound to the speakers.
音乐通过蓝牙无线传输，为扬声器提供清晰的声音传输。
transmission
（二）拓展词
8.independent adj. 独立的；自立的→________________ n. 独立(之日)；自主；自立→_______________ adv. 独立地；自立地
【语境感知】
She is an independent woman who chooses to live independently and values her independence above all else.
她是一位独立的女性，选择独立生活，并把独立看作最重要的价值观。
independence
independently
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The two scientists both made the same discovery ______________ (independent), at roughly the same time.
②When the ___________ (transmit) is good, some foreign stations can be heard.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③典礼通过卫星向五十多个国家进行了实况转播。
____________________________________________________________________
④独立对我来说很重要。
____________________________________________________________________
independently
transmission
The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over fifty countries.
It was important to me to be independent.
9.rocket [熟义] n. 火箭；火箭弹
[生义] v. __________________
【语境感知】
①The rocket was launched from a space research base.
这枚火箭是从太空研究基地发射的。
②The price of meat, particularly pork, has indeed rocketed in the past months.
过去几个月，肉类，尤其是猪肉的价格确实飙升了。
（三）熟词生义
快速增长；猛增
【学会理解】同义词替换
①Since its release last month, the sales of the company's latest product have rocketed.________________
【学会表达】翻译句子
②航天飞机发射时，它像火箭一样直冲云霄。
____________________________________________________________________
soared 猛增
When the space shuttle was launched, it rose into the sky like a rocket.
探究二 短语
意为“以便……；为使……；目的是……”的短语：
so as to (do sth) (只能位于句中；否定形式用so as not to)
in order to (do sth) (可位于句首或句中)
so that (只能位于句中)
in order that (只能位于句中)
10.so as to (do sth) 为了；以便(教材P41)
【语境感知】
①We should improve our ability to engage in international communication so as to tell China's story well and make the voice of China heard.
我们应该提高参与国际交流的能力，以便讲好中国的故事，让中国的声音被听到。
②In order to keep the environment clean, everyone should recycle and reduce waste.
为了保持环境清洁，每个人都应该回收并减少浪费。
③I brought an umbrella with me so that I wouldn't get wet in the rain.
我带了一把伞，以便在雨中不会被淋湿。
④They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.
他们坐飞机到那里是为了能及时参加开幕式。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He practiced speaking English every day so as __________ (improve) his fluency.
②My friends endured tremendous danger in order ________ (help) me.
③All those concerned must work together in order ________ agreement can be reached on this issue.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④他每天都练习，目的是成为一名更好的音乐家。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤为了提高我的写作技巧，我读了很多书和文章。
____________________________________________________________________
to improve
to help
that
He practiced every day in order that he would become a better musician.
In order to improve my writing skills, I read a lot of books and articles.
【分析】 This is because ... “这是因为……”，because 引导表语从句，表示原因。
表示原因/结果的表语从句：
It/This/That is because ... “这/那是因为……”，其中It/This/That指代上文提到的情况，because引导表语从句，表示原因
That's why ... “那就是为什么……”，why引导表语从句，表示结果
The reason (why ...) is/was that ... “……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句，表示原因的具体内容
11.This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(教材P41)
这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
探究三 长难句分析
【语境感知】
①The flowers are blooming beautifully; this is because spring has arrived.
花儿开得如此美丽，这是因为春天已经到了。
②That is why the country is called the Gateway to Europe.
那就是为什么这个国家被称为通往欧洲的门户。
③The reason why he's so popular is that he is kind and generous.
他如此受欢迎的原因是他既善良又慷慨。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The reason ______ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
②She is always unhappy; this is ________ she is rather demanding.
③The reason why Jack missed the lecture was ________ he forgot the time.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④这是因为听是我们日常获取语言信息的主要途径。
_______________________________________________________________________
⑤我放弃的原因是我完全看不到将要到达的地方。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
why
because
that
That is because listening is a key way of receiving language information in our daily life.
The reason why I gave up is that I could not see the place which I was going to reach completely.
对点练习 巩固所学
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义
(___)1.spacecraft (___)2.universe (___)3.mankind (___)4.agency (___)5.determined A．adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的 B．n. 航天器；宇宙飞船 C．n. 人类 D．n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 E．n. 宇宙；天地万物 (___)6.on board (___)7.carry on (___)8.focus on (___)9.step onto (___)10.in the hope of doing sth A．继续做，坚持干
B．抱着……的希望
C．专注于；集中于
D．在船上；在飞机上
E．走上；踏上
Ⅰ.匹配词义
B
E
C
D
A
D
A
C
E
B
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．________ n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt. 跳过；跃过
2．________ adj. 巨大的；伟大的 n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人
3．________ n. [pl.] 资料；数据
4．________ n. 边境；国界；边远地区
5．________ vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志
leap
giant
data
frontier
signal
6．________ n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望
7．__________ vt. 查明；确定；决定
8．________ n. 火箭；火箭弹
9．________ vt.& vi. 传输；发送
10．________ n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
desire
determine
rocket
transmit
orbit
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I have a strong desire ________ (write) a book and share my experiences with others.
2．Don't raise your hopes too high, or you may be ____________ (disappoint).
3．Harrer was one of the first ________ (climb) the north face of the Eiger.
4．It's a story about a man who left jail and determined ________ (reform)．
to write
disappointed
to climb
to reform
5．He sent an email to the company in the hope ________ getting an interview opportunity.
6．The images of the moon's surface __________________ (transmit) back to earth and printed out.
7．A new satellite has been put into orbit ________ the earth.
8．The children were encouraged to think ____________ (independent) and solve problems on their own.
of
were transmitted
around
independently
Ⅳ.选词填空
1．The phone rang, ____________ that someone was calling.
2．Only light ________ are allowed over the old bridge.
3．In summary, this was a ______________ performance.
4．The rocket ______________ from the space center in Florida last month.
5．The course consists of five optional ________．
6．She threw back the covers and ____________ out of bed.
7．The ________ revolves around the earth once every hundred minutes.
8．The civilization of ________ has taken thousands of years to develop.
signal(l)ing
module, satellite, leap, signal, vehicle, mankind, launch, disappoint
vehicles
disappointing
was launched
modules
leapt/leaped
satellite
mankind
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．She ____________________________________________ (决定外出购物) till she dropped.
2．Despite the challenges, the charity ______________________________ (将坚持帮助那些有需要的人)．
3．He admitted that his parents were strict with him; ________________ (那就是……的原因) he made so many achievements.
determined/was determined to go out and shop
will carry on helping those in need
that was why
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．她的伙伴们有强烈的获胜欲望。
____________________________________________________________________
2．这对夫妇搬到了一个大城市，希望得到更好的治疗。
____________________________________________________________________
3．为了到达山顶，我们不得不徒步数小时。
____________________________________________________________________
Her partners have a strong desire to win.
We had to hike for several hours in order/so as to get to the top of the mountain.
The couple moved to a big city in the hope of getting better treatment.
课后课时作业（一）
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比70%) 拔高题(占比0%)
Ⅰ 完形填空
(2024·广西桂林市高一下期末)Careers in science are often considered as difficult for students lacking talent or intelligence, yet the experience of Scott Kelly, commander of the International Space Station, stands as an example to prove it's __1__．
As a child, he displayed little interest in science or any other __2__. He spent most of his school days daydreaming because he was unable to __3__ the lessons. As a result, his grades were terrible and he barely graduated from high school, doubting whether he would ever __4__ his dreams.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★★ ★
That all __5__ when he picked up and read The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe's book of the pioneering Americans who first explored space. __6__ at last, he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes. Therefore, he __7__ his mind to perform well in his science classes.
After years of daydreaming, it was not a(n) __8__ task. But he approached it like a game. The more he __9__ his study skills, the more he gained knowledge and improved. __10__， it became a personal __11__ to see how capable he could become. No one was more surprised than him when this __12__ daydreamer began to get straight A's in his science exams, which is significant for him to become an astronaut.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Scott Kelly (斯科特·凯利)从对科学不感兴趣到成为国际空间站指挥官，强调了只要有决心和努力，任何人都能克服困难，实现自己的梦想。
We'd better stop __13__ the statement that science is just too hard. If you are a student who has been told “you're not a science person” or “your mind doesn't function that way”， just __14__ such comments! Anyone who desires to learn can master these subjects—they just need to be __15__ to do the work.
1．A.wrong B．normal
C．unusual D．illegal
2．A.schedules B．goals
C．subjects D．students
解析：wrong错误的；normal正常的；unusual不寻常的；illegal非法的。根据上文“Careers in science ... talent or intelligence”及表示转折的词“yet”可知，作者认为这种观点是错误的。故选A。
解析：根据下文“He spent most of his school days daydreaming”可知，他对科学或任何其他学科都表现出很少的兴趣。故选C。
3．A.work on B．set about
C．think about D．focus on
4．A.reach B．accept
C．realize D．observe
解析： work on从事于；set about开始；think about考虑；focus on集中于。根据上文“He spent most of his school days daydreaming”可知，他无法专注于课程。故选D。
解析：reach到达；accept接受；realize实现；observe观察。根据下文“his dreams”可知，此处表示实现梦想。故选C。
5．A.finished B．realized
C．happened D．changed
6．A.Inspired B．Disappointed
C．Satisfied D．Shocked
解析：finish完成；realize意识到；happen发生；change改变。根据下文“he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes”可知，他以前是一个成绩很差的学生，现在却要决心成为宇航员，由此可推知，此处指一切都改变了。故选D。
解析：inspired受到鼓舞的；disappointed失望的；satisfied满意的；shocked震惊的。根据下文“he was determined to be an astronaut”可知，他受到鼓舞。故选A。
7．A.gave up B．made up
C．formed into D．got into
8．A.possible B．difficult
C．easy D．intelligent
解析：give up放弃；make up下定决心；form into形成；get into进入。根据上文“he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes”可知，他下定决心要在科学课上表现出色。故选B。
解析：possible可能的；difficult困难的；easy容易的；intelligent聪明的。根据上文“After years of daydreaming”可知，他以前总是做白日梦，现在要真正努力学习，这并不是一项容易的任务。故选C。
9．A.planned B．practiced
C．arranged D．exchanged
10．A.Particularly B．Surprisingly
C．Fortunately D．Eventually
解析：plan计划；practice练习；arrange安排；exchange交换。根据下文“his study skills”可知，他练习学习能力。故选B。
解析：particularly尤其；surprisingly令人惊讶地；fortunately幸运地；eventually最终。根据下文“it became a personal”以及“daydreamer began ... to become an astronaut”可知，下文是经过了一系列努力之后的最终结果。故选D。
11．A.warning B．deal
C．competition D．movement
12．A.real B．former
C．free D．latest
解析：warning警告；deal交易；competition竞赛；movement运动。根据下文“to see how capable he could become”可知，这成了一场自己和自己的竞赛。故选C。
解析：real真实的；former以前的；free自由的；latest最新的。根据下文“daydreamer”可知，此处指这个曾经做白日梦的学生开始在科学考试中取得全A的成绩。故选B。
13．A.signing B．breaking
C．furthering D．criticizing
14．A.apply B．ignore
C．return D．handle
解析：sign签署；break打破；further推进；criticize批评。根据下文“the statement that science is just too hard”可知，此处指我们最好不要再进一步宣扬“科学太难了”的说法。故选C。
解析：apply申请；ignore忽略；return返回；handle处理。根据上文“If you are a student ... function that way”以及下文“such comments”可知，此处指要忽略这些评论。故选B。
15．A.willing B．worried
C．equal D．forced
解析：句意：任何想要学习的人都可以掌握这些科目——他们只需要愿意去做这项工作。willing愿意的；worried担心的；equal平等的；forced被迫的。故选A。
Ⅱ 阅读
(2024·河南省郑州市高一下期末)As human beings, we naturally tend to become more and more curious about everything about ourselves, including our history, psychology and philosophy. Much of our knowledge moves around humankind itself, as if we were the most important thing in the universe.
But in the course of the centuries, we have come to realize just how many wrong ideas we have had. We have learned of the existence of black holes, waves of space, and the extraordinary molecular (分子的) structures in every cell of our bodies.
The more we discover, the more we understand that what we don't yet know is greater than what we know. The more powerful our telescopes are, the stranger and more unexpected are the heavens we see. The closer we look at the detail of matter, the more we discover of its great structure.
In a famous story told by Plato in the seventh book of The Republic, some men are chained at the bottom of a dark cave and see only shadows cast upon a wall by a fire behind them. They think that this is reality. One of them frees himself, leaves the cave and discovers the light of the sun and the wider world. At first, the light, to which his eyes are unaccustomed (不适应的), surprises and confuses him. But eventually he can see and returns excitedly to his friends to tell them what he has seen. They find it hard to believe.
We are all in the depths of a cave, chained by our ignorance and prejudice (偏见), so our weak senses show only shadows. If we try to see further, we are confused: we are unaccustomed. But we try. This is science. Scientific thinking explores and redraws the world, gradually offering us better and better images of it, teaching us to think in ever more effective ways. Its strength is its ability to overthrow old ideas, to uncover new regions of reality, and to construct new, more effective images of the world. This adventure rests upon the entirety of past knowledge, but at its heart is change.
The incompleteness and the uncertainty of our knowledge, hung over the abyss (深渊) of what we don't know, does not make life meaningless; it makes life interesting and precious.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对宇宙认知的局限性与探索未知的重要性。
1．What are the first three paragraphs mainly about
A．Splendid cultures for centuries created by man.
B．Enough existing technologies for further exploration.
C．New discoveries of the universe proved to be wrong.
D．Our incomplete and uncertain knowledge of the universe.
解析：段落大意题。根据文章前三段内容可知，人类对于自身的探索从历史、心理学到哲学，而这些探索揭示了我们曾有的许多错误观念，我们了解了黑洞的存在、空间波以及人体细胞内的分子结构等。所以，前三段都在说明我们对宇宙的认知是不完整且充满不确定性的。故选D。
2．Why does the author use the story told by Plato
A．To let us truly realize the cruelty of reality.
B．To cheer for the heroic deeds of pursuing freedom.
C．To inspire us to explore more about the unknown world.
D．To prove our unfamiliarity and prejudice about the world.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In a famous story ... and the wider world.”可知，柏拉图在《理想国》第七卷中讲述了一个著名的故事，一些人被锁在一个黑暗的洞穴底部，只能看到身后的火投射在墙上的影子，他们认为这是现实。其中一人重获自由，离开洞穴，发现了阳光和更广阔的世界。由此可推知，作者用柏拉图讲的故事激励我们去更多地探索未知的世界。故选C。
3．What does the author want to stress in the article
A．Making nature take its course improves our lives.
B．Past knowledge prevents us building a new world.
C．Exploring the universe makes our life meaningful.
D．Discovering the universe a lot will cause confusion.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章整体上强调了尽管人类的知识存在局限性和不确定性，但正是这种对未知的探索让生命变得有趣且宝贵。科学思维不断挑战旧观念，揭示新的现实层面，构建更有效的世界观。由此可推知，作者想要强调的是探索宇宙赋予了我们生活的意义。故选C。
4．What could be the best title for the passage
A．The Reasons for Learning to People
B．The Significance of Exploring the Unknown
C．The Effect of Knowledge on Human Beings
D．The Eagerness for Knowledge of the Unknown
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，整篇文章围绕人类对未知的探索展开，讨论了这一过程如何逐渐改变我们的认知，使生活充满意义。B项(探索未知的意义)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
(2024·广东省广州市五校高一下期末)Beijing, China—China's Chang'e 6 lunar probe has successfully landed on the far side of the Moon, marking a significant milestone (里程碑) in the country's space exploration program. The probe touched down in the South Pole Aitken (SPA) Basin on June 2, 2024, becoming the second spacecraft __1__ (land) on the Moon's far side.
The Chang'e 6 mission is designed to collect lunar samples, conduct scientific experiments __2__ pave the way for future human exploration of the Moon. The probe __3__ (equip) with a variety of instruments, which will be used to study the composition of the lunar surface and atmosphere.
The successful landing of Chang'e 6 is a major achievement for China's space program, which __4__ (make) rapid progress in recent years. The Chang'e 6 mission is expected to provide people with __5__ (value) new insights into the geological history of the Moon. The __6__ (collect) samples will be studied by scientists around the world to help us better understand __7__ formation and evolution of the Moon. The mission is also a significant step forward for China's plans to establish sites __8__ a permanent human presence on the Moon is possible.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国嫦娥六号月球探测器成功着陆月球背面的消息，并对嫦娥六号的任务及其意义进行了简要介绍。
China's growing space program is seen __9__ a sign of the country's increasing technological advances and its ambition to become a major player in the global space race. The success is a testament to China's __10__ (commit) to space exploration and is sure to inspire future generations of Chinese scientists and engineers.
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
1．答案：to land
2．答案：and
解析：考查非谓语动词。被序数词修饰的名词后面应用动词不定式作定语。故填to land。
解析：考查连词。“collect lunar samples”，“conduct scientific experiments”以及“pave the way for future human exploration of the Moon”为三个并列成分，应用and连接。故填and。
3．答案：is equipped
4．答案：has made
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。be equipped with是固定短语，意为“配备……”，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语The probe是单数，且与equip之间为被动关系。故填is equipped。
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语which指代先行词China's space program，是单数。故填has made。
5．答案：valuable
6．答案：collected
解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词insights，应用形容词valuable作定语。故填valuable。
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处作定语修饰名词samples，且和samples之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填collected。
解析：考查冠词。名词短语formation and evolution被介词短语of the Moon修饰，表示特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是sites，设空处在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
7．答案：the
8．答案：where
9．答案：as
10．答案：commitment
解析：考查介词。句意：中国不断发展的太空计划被视为该国技术进步日益加快和其在全球太空竞赛中成为主要参与者的雄心的象征。see ... as ... 为固定短语，意为“把……看作……”。故填as。
解析：考查词性转换。to是介词，后面应接名词作宾语。故填commitment。
(2024·湖北省武汉市重点中学5G联合体高一下期末)Some of the world's most important scientists think the idea of people living on Mars will come true one day. Stephen Hawking believed humans must move into space to survive. “Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe，” he said. Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense. He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot—for example, about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment.
精深阅读
However, scientists will need to terraform Mars for people to be able to live. One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature there is about －60 ℃. One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce greenhouse gases. This could take many centuries. However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe.
Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still stay healthy in mind and body. As a test, six people lived in a Mars like environment in Hawaii for a year before “returning to Earth” recently. It was a 1，200 square foot room that was on the side of a volcano and used the sun for energy. Christiane Heinicke, one of the people who lived there, said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities. Another important finding was that the people living together should all be able to get along and work together.
One particular organization based in Europe is planning to send the first humans to Mars before 2030. The organization believes that its project is giving people worldwide the chance to be part of the first human crew ever to live on Mars for good. However, many experts think the project's cost of US $6 billion is too low for it to be successful. The American space agency NASA believes that sending people to Mars would cost US about $100 billion, although this estimate is based on bringing them back to Earth, too. Regardless, it seems that humans living on Mars may well happen a lot sooner than most people believe.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们认为人类移居火星的想法终有一天能够实现，以及对未来移居火星的一些设想。
1．Why is Stephen Hawking mentioned in Paragraph 1
A．To predict the future.
B．To show his concern.
C．To introduce the topic.
D．To advertise space living.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Stephen Hawking believed ... our future should be safe (Stephen Hawking (史蒂芬·霍金)认为人类必须进入太空才能生存。‘一旦我们扩展到太空并建立独立的殖民地，我们的未来就应该是安全的’)”可推知，此处引用Stephen Hawking的话来引出人类需要将领地延伸至太空，引入了本文的话题。故选C。
2．What does the underlined word “terraform” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Warming up a planet.
B．Moving to a planet.
C．Constructing a planet.
D．Changing the environment on a planet.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“One of the main goals ... that people can breathe.”可知，科学家们需要将火星改造成和地球环境更相似的地方，使人类能够居住。由此可知，画线词terraform意为“改造某个星球的环境”。故选D。
3．What can you learn from the text
A．The budget of the project is cost effective.
B．Greenhouse gases are a must for living on Mars.
C．Hawaii is a place with Mars like environment.
D．Humans living on Mars will be a reality in the not too distant future.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One idea for warming Mars ... that people can breathe.”可知，在火星上生活必须要有温室气体。故选B。
4．What could be a suitable title for the text
A．Life on Mars
B．Homes on Mars
C．Mars Exploration
D．Escape from Planet Earth
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家为移民火星做出的一些准备。B项(在火星上安家？)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．____________ adj. 独立的
2．________ adj. 平均的；正常的，一般的 n. 平均数；平均水平
3．produce v. ________________
4．________ n. 降雨量；下雨
5．estimate v．& n. ________________
independent
average
产生；引起；生长
rainfall
估计；判断
(二)高频短语
6．___________ (愿望、梦想等)成真
7．make sense _________
8．_________ 使热；变热
9．get along ________________
10．for good ________________
come true
有道理
warm up
和睦相处
永远地；彻底地
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．There were several young people sitting around looking ________ (bore)．
12．She tried to calm down, but she just couldn't keep herself _______ being angry.
13．Children need opportunities for ________ (grow) and development in all areas of their lives.
bored
from
growth
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．The issue of climate change is a major concern for many people today.__________________________
15．Thanks to his help we were able to survive this terrible disaster in the end. ____________
16．After years of research, scientists announced an important finding in the field of cancer treatment.____________
(有关某事的)问题，担忧
幸免于难
发现
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．My collection is really diverse because I've traveled all over the world to find them.________
18．Poor housing and unemployment are the major problems.________
19．You can select a specific application to open a document.___________
various
particular， vary， main
main
particular
(六)长难句分析
20．However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe.
句意：然而，这应该会导致降雨和植物生长，从而产生更多人们可以呼吸的空气。
分析：主干是________________________；现在分词短语resulting in ... 作__________；that引导________从句，修饰________。
it should lead ... of plants
结果状语
定语
air
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．Her patience and kindness ________________________ (使我们感到舒适) in her presence.
22．The movie ________________ (基于) a popular novel, but the plot was significantly changed.
(八)仿写句子
23．However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe. (现在分词短语作结果状语)
仿写：到处都是泥和积水，很难从一个地方走到另一个地方。
____________________________________________________________________
allow us to feel comfortable
was based on
There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
课后课时作业（二）
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·湖南省长沙地质中学高一下期中)The International Space Station (ISS) is a science laboratory in space. It is made of many different pieces that have been added on slowly since 1998. The group of astronauts working there changes often, but people have been living in the ISS for almost 18 years.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★★
On Wednesday, NASA discovered that there was a leak in the ISS. The station is full of air that the astronauts can breathe. But outside the ISS, in space, there is no air. That means the pressure inside the station is much higher. So, the ISS was like a bike tire with a tiny hole in it.
On Thursday, the astronauts went to work and soon found the leak. It was less than 2 millimeters wide. That's about as wide as the lead (笔芯) on a pencil that hasn't been sharpened. The hole is in a Russian part of the station, called the Soyuz. The Soyuz is the spacecraft that brought three of the astronauts to the ISS. Luckily, the Soyuz can still be used to return to Earth. When the astronauts first found the leak, German astronaut Alexander Gerst did something that seemed very natural—he covered the hole with his thumb. Because the hole was so tiny, the astronauts were never in any danger. But it was still important to stop the leak. While they waited for more advice from Earth, the astronauts covered the hole with special tape. After many people discussed the problem on the ground, the astronauts were told how to fix the hole. Sergey Prokopyev of Russia did the job, filling the hole with cloth soaked in special glue.
The repair seems to have worked. The astronauts were able to get the air pressure back to normal. On Friday, the astronauts returned to their regular work.
NASA says that the hole was probably made by a tiny bit of a meteorite (陨石)—a rock flying through space. Some people believe the hole could be from a screw (螺丝) that came loose. It is also possible that the station was hit by a small piece of “space debris (残骸)”—tiny pieces of trash from other spacecraft. As more and more rockets and satellites are sent into space, space debris is a more common problem.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了宇航员修复国际空间站的泄漏的过程和结果。
1．What was the problem with the ISS
A．The air started to go out from the ISS.
B．The ISS was hit by a piece of space debris.
C．The pressure outside the ISS was higher than that inside.
D．The astronauts inside the ISS had difficulty in breathing.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“On Wednesday, NASA discovered that there was a leak in the ISS.”可知，美国宇航局发现国际空间站出现了泄漏，由此可推知，空气开始从国际空间站排出。故选A。
2．What do we know about the hole
A．It was as sharp as a pencil lead.
B．It was caused by three of Russian astronauts.
C．It had posed a great danger to the astronauts.
D．It was so small that the thumb could cover it.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When the astronauts first found ... with his thumb.”可知，这个洞太小了，拇指可以盖住它。故选D。
3．What did the astronauts use to fix the leak in the ISS
A．A thumb and special tape.
B．Special tape and cloth soaked in special glue.
C．A pencil lead and special tape.
D．A pencil and cloth soaked in special glue.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While they waited for more advice ... filling the hole with cloth soaked in special glue.”可知，宇航员们用特殊胶带和布浸泡在特殊胶水中来修复国际空间站的泄漏。故选B。
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．The Danger of the Leak in the International Space Station
B．The International Space Station Finds the Origin of the Leak
C．New Ways to Fix the Leak in the International Space Station
D．Astronauts Fix the Leak in the International Space Station
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了宇航员修复国际空间站的泄漏的过程和结果。D项(宇航员修复国际空间站的泄漏)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
B
(2024·安徽省芜湖市高一下期中)It's easy for consumers to buy food and drinks like a bowl of hot rice and coke online or from neighbourhood shops, but for astronauts such things were impossible in the past.
Members of China's Shenzhou manned space flight, however, were able to enjoy such food, thanks to Joyoung, a Chinese firm. Joyoung created a mobile space kitchen for the astronauts. A drinking water machine, an air heater and a soybean milk maker were all accessible in the kitchen through a smart app. Tang Hongbo, who was a member of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft said in the news that during his three month trip, he could eat hot food with just half hour efforts, a contrast to the past when similar attempts required several hours. “If we had time, we would also use equipment to eat homemade yogurt. We could also control the equipment in the space kitchen through mobile phone apps，” he said.
In the past, most foods couldn't be directly heated in a microwave oven in the space. Conduction equipment often caused uneven (不均匀的) heating. An astronaut had to spend as long as four hours to heat some vegetables in the space kitchen. To solve the problem, Joyoung has developed equipment that gives out hot air to heat vegetables in a 360 degree way. That enables astronauts to eat steaming hot fish flavoured pork and Gongbao chicken, a spicy, stir fried Chinese dish.
Besides Joyoung, a group of companies, including Xiaomi Corp and Huawei Technologies, have contributed their technologies to the development of the space station. A vacuum (真空) cleaner made haircuts on the spacecraft possible. NOLO VR, a Chinese virtual reality manufacturer, has helped astronauts develop an experimental equipment through which laboratory technicians on the ground can see and experience what astronauts are doing in space.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍九阳公司为宇航员们设计了一个移动太空厨房，让宇航员们更加方便、快捷地享用食物。
5．What do astronauts think of Joyoung's mobile space kitchen
A．Water saving. B．Energy wasting.
C．Time saving. D．Money wasting.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tang Hongbo, who was a member of ... when similar attempts required several hours.(神舟载人飞船成员汤洪波在新闻中说，在他三个月的旅行中，他只需要半个小时就能吃到热的食物，而过去类似的尝试需要几个小时。)”可知，宇航员认为九阳的移动太空厨房能节省时间。故选C。
6．How does the author show the convenience on Shenzhou manned spacecraft
A．By making contrasts.
B．By analyzing results.
C．By providing pictures.
D．By answering questions.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Tang Hongbo, who was a member of ... when similar attempts required several hours.和第三段内容可知，在过去，大多数食物不能在太空中的微波炉中直接加热，加热一些蔬菜需要很长时间，但有了九阳开发的设备，宇航员能够在短时间内吃到热气腾腾的饭菜。由此可推知，作者通过将过去和现在的情况作比较，来展现神舟载人飞船上先进设备带来的便捷。故选A。
7．What does the last paragraph want to show
A．Joyoung needs to further its technology.
B．What astronauts are doing is significant.
C．Astronauts on board can do as they wish.
D．There are more technologies for the spacecraft.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，除了九阳，还有很多其他公司也为空间站的开发贡献了他们的技术。由此可推知，最后一段表明有更多的技术应用于宇宙飞船。故选D。
8．What is the best title of the text
A．The Hot Diet on the Space Station Needs to Be Addressed
B．Earth to Space, Firms Add Value by Creating Technology
C．Modern Technology Brings Convenience to Human Beings
D．Manufacturers Make Big Profits from Inventing Equipment
解析：标题判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍九阳公司为宇航员们设计了一个移动太空厨房，让宇航员们更加方便、快捷地享用食物，除此之外，包括小米和华为在内的一些公司也为空间站的发展贡献了自己的技术。B项(从地球到太空，企业通过创造技术来增加价值)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Writing Assignment
Mrs Peabody, the English teacher, gave the class a writing assignment. “Write something in some way related to summer vacation，” she said. “Be as creative as you can. But，” the teacher added, “make sure you use proper spelling and grammar.”
That night Jim sat at his desk at home and stared at a blank sheet of paper. He didn't want to write about his summer vacation as usual. What could he write about, except a dog, a water park and two weeks of camp Boring ... He'd actually been happy to get back to school.
So he wrote what he wanted. Not an essay at all but a short story, science fiction. It was about a distant planet that didn't have summer—it was spring all the time. And it didn't have vacations either. The aliens on the planet worked 24 hours a day. They wished they had vacations.
The next morning he handed in the story, but later that night he lay awake until 3 am, thinking, “Why did I do that Will Mrs Peabody think I ignored the assignment？” English was his favorite class. Maybe he would beg Mrs Peabody for a chance to write another one, the sort she wanted.
But when he got to class the following day, it turned out that Mrs Peabody had already read and graded the essays.
The teacher said, “I'm going to pass back your summer vacation writings in a minute. I'm afraid I've got some rather harsh words to say. Almost everyone in class simply wrote an essay about his or her summer vacation ... Almost everyone.”
“This is bad，” Jim thought, “I'm getting an F. I know it.”
“But，” the teacher continued, “one of you had the courage to be as imaginative as I asked you to be. Jim Martin was the only one who got an A on the assignment.”
Jim couldn't believe his ears.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
When Mrs Peabody invited Jim to share some thoughts on his writing, other students were all looking at him expectantly.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Mrs Peabody thought it was time to explain Jim's grade.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英语老师布置与暑假相关的写作任务，Jim (吉姆)没有按常规写暑假经历，而是创作了关于没有暑假的外星球的科幻故事，最后他获得了老师给出的A等成绩。他会与同学们分享什么呢？老师为什么会给Jim高分呢？
[精彩范文]
When Mrs Peabody invited Jim to share some thoughts on his writing, other students were all looking at him expectantly. Jim, feeling both surprised and nervous, slowly made his way to the front of the classroom. Clearing his throat, he began, “Well, I guess I just wanted to write something different. You know, everyone else would be writing about their beach trips or family vacations, and I thought, ‘Why not create a whole new world？’” He paused and then continued, “On this planet, they don't have summer or vacations, and I kind of felt sorry for the aliens there. It made me appreciate our summers even more.”
Mrs Peabody thought it was time to explain Jim's grade. She stood up and addressed the class. “Jim stretched his imagination and took a risk. That's precisely what I was hoping. Creativity and originality are qualities that are often overlooked in favor of conformity. His work reminded us all that writing is not just about meeting expectations—it's about exploring the boundaries of your imagination. That's why Jim earned an A．” The class erupted into applause, and Jim, standing tall, felt a surge of pride and newfound confidence in his own creativity.
精深阅读
(2024·吉林省吉林市普通高中高一下期末)No civilization is complete without legends about outer space. Our need to challenge the limits of what we know has made humans try to discover new worlds. However, outer space exploration can't be carried out without heavy investments, which can sometimes become a burden for any country or institution. But this changed forever.
Blue Origin, the space exploration company founded by American Jeff Bezos, amazon.com's CEO, made history on Nov. 23. It successfully launched a rocket to the edge of space and brought it back to Earth for a safe landing. The rocket, named New Shepard, was the first successful reusable rocket in space flight history. The next step is to prove it can fly again, making sure it is indeed reusable.
“We're getting closer to a new era of space tourism，” commented Discover magazine. Reusable rockets will help companies such as Blue Origin to achieve “a cost saving means” of transporting humans into space and back, said the magazine.
Previously, whenever a rocket had been sent into orbit, it had always been destroyed or lost in the process. Even the space shuttle, which returned to the ground undamaged and on its own power, was only partly reusable. This problem has made a single launch mission extremely expensive. A completely reusable system makes space travel more affordable and sustainable.
Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX and another big player in private space exploration, called the idea of a reusable system “the breakthrough needed to completely change access to space”．
According to an article in The Atlantic magazine, New Shepard's success has ended “a private space race” between Bezos and Musk. However, according to Emily Calandrelli, host and producer of Xploration Outer Space on Fox, it is not completely fair “to compare the two companies' achievements to date” because “their successes could be considered separate unique milestones on two different paths”. Blue Origin is aiming to sell directly to buyers (wealthy space tourists) while SpaceX is aiming to sell to large companies and the government (NASA, the Air Force). These two ideas require very different rockets.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了太空飞行史上第一个成功的可重复使用火箭的相关信息。
1．Why is outer space exploration difficult to achieve
A．Because there are no legends about it.
B．Because it needs a lot of money.
C．Because there are no good rockets.
D．Because humans don't have the technology.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, outer space exploration can't be carried out ... for any country or institution.(然而，太空探索不能在没有大量投资的情况下进行，这有时会成为任何一个国家或机构的负担。)”可知，太空探索难以实现的原因是需要大量的资金投入。故选B。
2．Compared with the past, what do reusable rockets enable companies like Blue Origin to achieve
A．A newer means of space tourism.
B．A safer landing back to Earth.
C．A smaller investment to make profits.
D．A less competition with other companies.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Reusable rockets will help companies ... said the magazine.(杂志称，可重复使用的火箭将帮助Blue Origin等公司实现‘节省成本的手段’，将人类送入太空并返回。)”可推知，与过去相比，可重复使用的火箭使Blue Origin等公司能够减少投资并获得利润。故选C。
3．What did Emily Calandrelli mean in the last paragraph
A．The two companies are similar in technologies.
B．The two companies haven't ended their space race.
C．The two companies have different target customers.
D．The two companies have the same goals.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Blue Origin is aiming to sell ... require very different rockets.(Blue Origin的目标是直接向买家(富裕的太空游客)销售，而SpaceX的目标是向大公司和政府(NASA，空军)销售。这两种想法需要完全不同的火箭。)”可推知，在最后一段Emily Calandrelli的意思是这两家公司有不同的目标客户。故选C。
4．What can be the best title of the passage
A．The Rise of Private Space Exploration Companies
B．The New Form of Space Travel
C．Comparing Achievements in Private Space Exploration
D．The First Successful Reusable Rocket in Space Flight History
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了太空飞行史上第一个成功的，且可重复使用的火箭的相关信息。故选D。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．________ n. 限制；界限 v. 限制；限量；使限于
2．________ n. 负担
3．__________ adj. 可重复使用的
4．sustainable adj. ________________
5．separate v. ________________
adj. ________________
limit
burden
reusable
可持续的
(使)分离；隔开
不同的；分开的
(二)高频短语
6．carry out ___________________
7．make sure ________
8．in the process ____________________
9．________________ 去……的通路，使用……的机会
10．________________ 根据
进行；执行；完成
确保
在过程中；在进行中
access to
according to
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．The government is encouraging more ___________ (invest) in green energy.
12．The sky, which is ________ (part) cloudy, is perfect for a picnic.
13．Homes are ______________ (afford) than at any time in the past five years.
investment
partly
more affordable
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．The invention of the Internet can be seen as a milestone in human communication.____________
15．The Internet has become a means of connecting people from all over the world.____________
16．In order to avoid the heavy traffic on the roads, some people prefer to travel by night and rest during the day.____________
里程碑
方式；途径
拥堵的
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．The rainy season finished earlier this year, allowing for a successful harvest.________
18．The university was established in 1875, with a focus on science and technology.__________
19．The way he plays the violin is truly distinct; his technique and emotion are beyond description.________
ended
end， unique， found
founded
unique
(六)长难句分析
20．Previously, whenever a rocket had been sent into orbit, it had always been destroyed or lost in the process.
句意：以前，每当一个火箭被送入轨道，它总是在这个过程中被摧毁或丢失。
分析：主干是_______________________________；whenever引导__________从句；Previously作________，修饰整个句子。
it had always been destroyed or lost
时间状语
状语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．The first step is ____________ (制订一个计划) before starting any new task.
22．The joy of _______________________ (我们从旅行中学到的) is to see the world through different eyes.
(八)仿写句子
23．Even the space shuttle, which returned to the ground undamaged and on its own power, was only partly reusable.(非限制性定语从句)
仿写：中国是我的祖国，正在快速发展。
__________________________________________________________________
to make a plan
what we learn from travel
China, which is my motherland, is developing fast.
