英语 必修 第三册 RJ
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．cm abbr. (centimetre or centimeter) 厘米
2．pilot n. 飞行员；领航员
3．force n. 力；力量
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人
2．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续→procedural adj. 程序上的；程序性的
2．mental adj. 精神的；思想的→mentally adv. 精神上；智力上
一、发音规则
英语中的重读是指在单词或短语中强调或突出某个音节、单词或短语的发音。重读在英语中非常重要，它可以帮助听者正确理解和解释句子的含义。以下是一些英语重读的规则和模式：
1．词性影响
名词、代词、形容词、副词(特别是以 y结尾、以 s或 es结尾的表示时间、次数、频率等的副词)以及实义动词通常需要重读。冠词、介词(单音节介词通常不重读，但双音节和多音节介词会重读；位于句首或需要特殊强调的单音节介词也会重读)、连词、助动词等虚词通常不重读。
2．音节影响
(1)所有的单音节单词都需要重读。
(2)双音节单词：名词一般重读第一个音节，动词一般重读第二个音节。
(3)多音节单词：通常重读倒数第三个音节，但也有例外，如后缀为 ese、 eer、 ique时，一般重读后缀；后缀为 ic时，一般重读ic前一个音节；后缀为 al时，一般重读单词中间某个音节。
3．其他情况
以ate结尾的单词：动词一般重读ate，发音为/eit/；名词一般轻读ate，发音为/It/。形容词修饰名词时，通常重读名词；若只有形容词，则重读形容词。在两个形容词修饰一个名词的情况下，通常重读第一个形容词和名词，中间不重读。动词短语中，通常重读后面的介词。
二、语境朗读
1．试读并写出以下句子中的重读词汇。
(1)The streets are wide and clean.
________________________________________________________________________
(2)I am so glad to see you again.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)streets, wide, clean
(2)so, glad, see, again
2．试读并写出以下句子中重读的虚词。
(1)We saw him playing by the river.
________________________________________________________________________
(2)On my way to school, my bike was broken.
________________________________________________________________________
(3)Didn't I tell you yesterday
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)by (2)On (3)Didn't
3．试读并体会下列对话中画线处的重读词汇。
Alice: Hey, John,__could you please pass me the salt I'm trying to season my steak．
John: Sure thing, Alice. Here you go. By the way, have you ever tried using just a pinch of pepper instead It really enhances the flavor.
Alice: Actually,__I haven't. I usually stick to salt, but I'm willing to give it a try. Thanks for the suggestion．
John: You're welcome. You know, sometimes it's the little things that make a big difference. Like, adding a dash of lemon juice can completely transform a dish.
Alice: Interesting. I'll keep that in mind next time I'm cooking.
探究 热词
(一)高频词
1.intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的；智能的(教材P39)
intelligence n. 智力；才智；智慧 It is intelligent to do ... 做……是明智的 intelligent system 智能系统 intelligent beings 外星人；智慧生物 high/low intelligence 高/低智商 intelligence quotient (IQ) 智商 emotional intelligence 情商 artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能
【语境感知】
①Helen had a few intelligent things to say on the subject.
海伦在这个问题上有几句明智的话要说。
②It is intelligent to learn from your mistakes and use that knowledge to improve.
从错误中学习并利用这些知识来提升自己是明智的。
③Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
情商既注重头脑，又注重心灵，它可以为我们指明正确的方向。
④In recent years, you may have read news about artificial intelligence (AI) creating its own art, such as painting or writing poems.
近年来，你可能读到过关于人工智能进行艺术创作的新闻，比如绘画或写诗。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①We build machines that are more__intelligent (intelligent) than we are.
②He didn't even have the intelligence (intelligent) to call for an ambulance.
③It's intelligent to__pause (pause) when your feelings become bad.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④告诉他们真相是明智的。
It__is__intelligent__to__tell__them__the__truth.
⑤有些人相信，外太空存在像人类一样的智慧型生物。
Some__people__believe__that__there__are__intelligent__beings__like__mankind__in__outer__space.
(二)拓展词
2.procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续→procedural adj. 程序上的；程序性的
【语境感知】
To complete task efficiently, we need to follow the procedure carefully to keep it procedural.
为了高效完成任务，我们需要仔细遵循程序，使其符合程序。
3.mental adj. 精神的；思想的→mentally adv. 精神上；智力上
【语境感知】
Reading books regularly exercises our mental muscles, making us mentally stronger.
经常读书锻炼我们的脑力，使我们的精神更加强大。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①In the future, I will get myself well prepared both mentally (mental) and physically for my college study.
②The two sides have spent most of their time arguing over procedural (procedure) problems.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③做家务也可以是一种精神放松方式。
Doing__housework__can__also__be__a__form__of__mental__relaxation.
④按照惯常的程序行事是很重要的。
It's__important__to__follow__the__regular__procedure.
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义
(D)1.curious (C)2.equipment (E)3.experience (A)4.astronaut (B)5.condition A．n. 宇航员；太空人 B．n. 状况，状态；条件 C．n. 设备，装备 D．adj. 好奇的，求知欲强的 E．n. 经历，经验 (C)6.pilot training (E)7.selection procedure (A)8.graduate from (D)9.education background (B)10.be selected to do sth A.毕业于…… B.被选中做某事 C.飞行员培训 D.教育背景 E.筛选程序
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．mental adj. 精神的；思想的
2．pilot n. 飞行员；领航员
3．astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人
4．related adj. 相关的；有联系的
5．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
6．cm abbr. 厘米
7．procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续
8．spin v. (使)快速旋转
9．force n. 力；力量
10．physical adj. 身体的
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．It's estimated that she is 180 cm in height (high).
2．She is highly intelligent (intelligence) but her work lacks organization.
3．Becoming a firefighter requires special training (train) to deal with emergencies and save lives.
4．He is mentally (mental) ill and cannot be held responsible for his actions.
5．She believed that she would__achieve (achieve) her dream of becoming a doctor one day.
6．Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse.
7．Being (be) an astronaut requires a great deal of courage, determination, and a passion for space exploration.
8．She failed to satisfy all the requirements (require) for entry to the college.
Ⅳ.选词填空
cm, condition, astronaut, force, address, spin, procedure, down
1．All the procedures must be done in the correct order.
2．He changed our world through the force of his ideas.
3．She spun round as the man, with a holler, burst through the door.
4．Then, slowly, the kite started to come down．
5．The snake usually reaches a length of 100 cm.
6．Everyone in the group exchanged email addresses．
7．The astronauts are preparing for touchdown tomorrow morning.
8．After the accident, the patient was rushed to the hospital and is now being treated in a stable condition．
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．Steve was__curious__about (对……感到好奇) the world I came from.
2．When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to__be__trained (接受训练) for a space flight.
3．We must pay__attention__to__English__grammar (关注英语语法) when we learn English.
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．她关掉了煤气，够机灵的。
She__was__intelligent__enough__to__turn__off__the__gas.
2．他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。
He__not__only__read__the__book,__but__also__remembered__what__he__had__read.
3．他在18岁时取得了他的第一个显著成就。
He__made__his__first__notable__achievement__at__the__age__of__18.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·山东省济南市高一下期末)We can see the moon every day, but in fact, humans have not been able to see the true face of the moon. For example, we all view the same side of it—the near side. So why don't we ever see the far side of the moon
The secret behind this fascinating mystery is “tidal locking (潮汐锁定)”. To better understand it, let's imagine two friends holding hands and turning around. As they turn, they always face each other because they're locked in position by their hands. Similarly, the moon is locked to Earth by tidal force, which means it takes just as long for the moon to turn about its axis (轴) as it does to go around Earth. As a result, we always see the same side of the moon from our position on Earth, while the opposite side, known as the far side or the dark side, remains hidden from view.
Now, you might be wondering why people use the term “dark side” when referring to the far side of the moon. Contrary to popular belief, the far side isn't always in darkness. Like the near side, it experiences day and night. However, since we can't observe it from Earth, it often lies in mystery, and thus it gets this name.
Although we'll never see the far side of the moon directly from Earth, humanity has found ways to explore it. Several spacecrafts have taken photos which furthered our understanding of the lunar far side. In June 2024, China's Chang'e 6 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon and sent back more closeup photos. It brought back soil and rocks collected from there, opening a new chapter in lunar exploration and enabling scientists to discover what they didn't know about the moon.
There is still so much more to explore on the lunar far side. For example, the far side of the moon is a rare and quiet place free from radio signals reflecting from our planet, which allows scientists to study space phenomena with greater clarity, making it a perfect location for studying space using radio waves.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类无法看到月球背面的原因。
1．How does the writer explain “tidal locking” in Paragraph 2
A．By analyzing data.
B．By quoting a study.
C．By giving an example.
D．By comparing findings.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To better understand it ... to go around Earth. (为了更好地理解它，让我们想象两个朋友手牵着手转圈。当他们转圈时，他们总是面对着对方，因为他们被手锁定了位置。同样地，月球被潮汐力锁定在地球上，这意味着月球绕其轴旋转所需的时间与月球绕地球旋转所需的时间一样长。)”可推知，第二段通过举两个朋友牵手转圈的例子，来说明潮汐锁定。故选C。
2．What is a common misunderstanding of the far side of the moon
A．There lives unknown life.
B．It shouldn't be disturbed.
C．It is visible from Earth.
D．There is no sunlight.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Contrary to popular belief, the far side isn't always in darkness.”可知，普遍的看法是月球的背面总是黑暗的，没有阳光。故选D。
3．Why is Chang'e 6 mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．To share a well known legend.
B．To explain its working principle.
C．To promote an advanced technology.
D．To show efforts of lunar exploration.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In June 2024 ... know about the moon.”可知，嫦娥六号发回特写照片并带回收集的土壤和岩石，开启了月球探索的新篇章。由此可推知，提到嫦娥6号旨在展示月球探索的成果。故选D。
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Hidden value of the lunar far side.
B．Detailed information of mysteries.
C．Special advantages of radio waves.
D．Brief reviews of moon exploration.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，月球背面没有来自我们星球的无线电信号反射，这使得科学家能够更清晰地研究太空现象，使其成为使用无线电波研究太空的理想地点。由此可知，最后一段主要说明月球背面的隐藏价值。故选A。
B
(2024·陕西省西安市临潼区高一下期末)A Japanese company tried to land the first M1 private space vehicle on the Moon. However, on 25 April, the M1 spacecraft became the latest in a long line of Moon missions that didn't quite make it. Until now, only three government－funded space agencies have soft－landed on the Moon and only China is successful in its first attempt.
Why is it so hard to touch down safely on the Moon
Getting a mission to the Moon, around 384，000 kilometres from the Earth, is much more intricate than sending a satellite into low－Earth orbit—and failures can occur early on, even for missions that don't plan to land. This happened with NASA's Lunar Flashlight mission, a small spacecraft that was launched in December and was supposed to map the Moon's ice. Its engines stopped working soon after launch.
Even if a lander makes it to the neighborhood of the Moon, it still has to find its way down to the surface with no global－positioning satellites for guidance and virtually no atmosphere to help to slow it down. Once it gets within the critical (关键的) last few kilometres, its software has to deal quickly and autonomously with any last－minute challenges, such as its sensors potentially becoming confused by large amounts of dust kicked up by the engines.
To pull off a successful landing in such a challenging environment, the government－funded space agencies have spent huge amount of money on repeated tests and have learned a lot from each failed and successful attempt.
“In the 1960s, when the United States and the Soviet Union were racing to land there, they crashed spacecraft after spacecraft before each finally succeeded in 1966，” says Stephen Indyk, director of space systems at Honeybee Robotics in Greenbelt, Maryland. “Without lessons learned from the setbacks (挫折) and successes, it's a lot to ask of a private company to get it right in the first attempt.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了月球与地球的距离、月球的环境特点以及历史上政府资助的太空机构在月球着陆方面的经验和教训，说明了月球着陆的复杂性和挑战性。
5．What can be learned about M1 spacecraft
A．It became the latest unsuccessful Mars mission.
B．It was launched by an American private company.
C．It was the company's first public－funded space vehicle.
D．It failed to soft－land on the surface of the Moon.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A Japanese company ... quite make it.”可知，M1太空飞行器未能成功在月球表面软着陆。故选D。
6．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “intricate” in Paragraph 3
A．simple B．demanding
C．inflexible D．unfortunate
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“and failures can occur early on, even for missions that don't plan to land (而且即使是不打算着陆的任务，也可能在早期就出现失败)”可推知，执行登月任务比将卫星送入近地轨道要复杂，说明要求比较高。故选B。
7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The reasons to land on the Moon.
B．The necessity of teamwork.
C．The landing challenges.
D．The costs of space exploration.
答案：C
解析：段落大意题。根据第四段“Even if a lander ... by the engines.(即使着陆器到达了月球附近，它仍然需要在没有全球定位卫星引导和几乎没有大气层帮助减速的情况下找到降落到月球表面的路。一旦进入关键的最后几公里，它的软件必须迅速自主地处理任何最后一分钟的挑战，比如发动机扬起的大量灰尘可能会使其传感器产生混淆。)”可知，本段主要讲述了在如此具有挑战性的环境中成功着陆月球需要面对的挑战。故选C。
8．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage
A．Technology. B．Environment.
C．Culture. D．Economy.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论了日本公司尝试将首个私人太空飞行器M1降落在月球上但未能成功的情况，以及月球着陆的复杂性和挑战性。文章涉及太空技术、太空任务和太空探索等方面的内容，与科技紧密相关。由此可推知，这篇文章最有可能出现在杂志的科技部分。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
(2024· 广东省广州市增城区高一下期末)Sending astronauts to Mars is a big challenge. It's a long, dangerous journey. And astronauts will have to take EVERYTHING they need. __1__
Launching things into space is expensive. “To get to Mars, we already have the technology，” says Michael Flynn. “The problem is, it's costly.”
__2__ Instead of building a heavy spaceship and packing it full of stuff, why not build Water Walls—a recycling system and use the stuff as part of the spaceship
Making oxygen and taking away carbon dioxide—the waste gas you breathe out—is one problem in space. Water Walls will remove carbon dioxide the same way it's done here on Earth—with living plants. Living plants take in carbon dioxide to make their food, and give off oxygen. But plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft. __3__
Algae are tiny plants that live in water. The algae will live in bags in the walls too, fed by poop and sunlight, eating up carbon dioxide and making oxygen for the astronauts to breathe.
__4__ It's compact (紧密的), efficient, and doesn't need a lot of fancy machinery that might break down. A mission to Mars will require astronauts to get back to nature.
Alas, the human body needs a lot of help to survive in space. If only we were more like the tardigrade (水熊虫)! Tardigrades are very tiny insect like creatures that live in soil. When they find themselves in danger, they roll themselves up into a ball and dry out. In this state they can survive without food or water for 100 years. __5__
A．Algae can be a good choice.
B．Nothing is wasted in the spacecraft.
C．But Flynn thinks he has a solution.
D．So a trip to Mars is full of packing challenge.
E．If only we could train them to fly a spaceship.
F．This onboard recycling system has many advantages.
G．The more you take, the more rockets you must launch, and the more it costs.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Water Walls回收系统，并提到了藻类作为可能的选择，以及这种系统的一些优势。
1．答案：D
解析：根据前文“Sending astronauts to Mars ... take EVERYTHING they need.(将宇航员送上火星是一项巨大的挑战。这是一段漫长而危险的旅程。宇航员将不得不带上他们所需要的一切。)”可知，D项(所以火星之旅充满了打包的挑战。)是对前文的总结。故选D。
2．答案：C
解析：根据前文“Launching things into space is expensive ... it's costly.”可知，此处讲述送东西到火星的成本太高，后文“Instead of building ... as part of the spaceship？”提出一种解决方法，C项(但弗林认为他有办法。)承前启后。故选C。
3．答案：A
解析：根据前文内容可知，植物很难在宇宙飞船中生长，再根据后文“Algae are tiny plants that live in water.”可知，后文开始介绍藻类，所以设空处应是提到用藻类解决植物很难在宇宙飞船中生长的问题，A项(藻类是一个不错的选择。)符合文意。故选A。
4．答案：F
解析：设空处位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文内容可知，本段讲述Water Walls回收系统的优点，F项(这种机载回收系统有许多优点。)概括本段内容。故选F。
5．答案：E
解析：设空处位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文内容可知，此处是在讲述水熊虫这种生物对于宇宙航行的优势，E项(要是我们能训练它们驾驶宇宙飞船就好了。)是对前文提到的水熊虫的假设，符合文意。故选E。
精深阅读
(2024·江西省部分学校高一下期末)Where is “space” exactly This may seem like a simple question, but the answer may be more difficult than you think.
Nowadays, most countries are generally in agreement that space begins when Earth's atmosphere ends. But no one can tell where atmosphere actually ends and outer space begins. This leaves the door open for a variety of explanations until the Karman Line was recognized by international laws. The so called Karman Line is an imaginary line 100 kilometers above Earth's surface. Once this line is crossed, the air is too thin and traditional planes would need to reach the speed of 30，564 kilometers per hour or risk falling back to Earth. According to the international laws, once pilots and aircraft cross that line, they are recognized as astronauts and spacecraft and are free to conduct space operations without concern for international borders.
In the early age of space exploration, the US defined space differently and insisted that space start 19.3 kilometers below the Karman Line, since the US was confident that it would lead and remain to be the leader in the traditional aircraft industry.
Well aware that the US wanted to operate advanced spying aircraft safely, many developing countries opposed the idea and sought to establish much higher space limits—965.6 kilometers above Earth's surface. This space limit makes things a bit difficult for every country, though. At that height, even the International Space Station and Tiangong Space Station (orbiting between 320 to 435 kilometers up), and many satellites (orbiting 869 kilometers up) would not be considered spacecraft!
In recent years, the US has been trying to determine a “safer border of space”. In 2009, it suggested that the border of space begin at 118 kilometers above Earth's surface. What was its argument this time It said that many breakthroughs have been made in space and spying technologies by other countries!
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了太空的起点在哪里这一问题。
1．What is mentioned about the Karman Line according to the international laws
A．It is unsafe for some countries.
B．Traditional planes should not cross it.
C．Pilots can fly freely above it.
D．It is the highest line pilots can reach.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“According to the international laws ... concern for international borders.”可知，根据国际法，飞行员一旦跨越了卡门线，就不用受国际边界的约束，能自由地飞行。故选C。
2．Many developing countries suggested that space begin at ________．
A．965.6 kilometers above Earth's surface
B．118 kilometers above Earth's surface
C．100 kilometers above Earth's surface
D．90.7 kilometers above Earth's surface
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“many developing countries ... above Earth's surface (许多发展中国家对这一想法表示反对，并寻求建立更高的太空限制——即在地球表面以上965.6公里处)”可知，许多发展中国家建议太空从地球表面以上965.6公里开始。故选A。
3．What does the author most probably think of the US' suggestions
A．Smart. B．Unfair.
C．Scientific. D．Uncreative.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在太空探索的早期，美国坚持太空始于卡门线以下19.3公里处，因为美国有信心在传统的飞机工业中保持领先地位；根据最后一段内容可知，美国因为认为其他国家在太空和侦察技术方面取得了许多突破，因此提出太空边界应始于地球表面以上118公里处，由此可推知，美国的建议是从自己的利益出发，因此作者认为这是不公平的。故选B。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Where Does Space Begin Exactly
B．How High Should the Karman Line Be
C．How Can We Protect Our National Borders
D．Why Does the US Want to Change the Karman Line
答案：A
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章在第一段提出关于太空的起点在哪里的问题，后文分别介绍了不同的国家的看法。由此可知，A项(太空到底从哪里开始？)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．atmosphere n. 大气层；空气；氛围，环境
2．conduct v. 进行，组织，实施
3．define v. 解释；阐明；标明……界限
4．establish v. 建立；确立
5．breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破
(二)高频短语
6．seem like 似乎；看起来像是
7．a variety of 各种各样的
8．be__recognized__as 被认为是……
9．remain to be 依然是
10．seek__to__do__sth 试图做某事
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．I often create imaginary (imagine) worlds in my head when I'm bored.
12．Please provide a clear explanation (explain) of the rules before we start the game.
13．As a developing (develop) artist, she works hard to improve her painting skills every day.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．You can tell when someone is lying by looking at their eyes. 判断
15．I need to learn how to operate this new software before I can start my project. 操作
16．The so called “experts” in this field often disagree with each other.所谓的
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
reach， oppose， recognize
17．We considered this agreement to be an important step forward. recognized
18．Politicians again failed to achieve an agreement.reach
19．They strongly objected to the idea of building a new shopping mall in the historic district. opposed
(六)长难句分析
20．In the early age of space exploration, the US defined space differently and insisted that space start 19.3 kilometers below the Karman Line, since the US was confident that it would lead and remain to be the leader in the traditional aircraft industry.
句意：在太空探索的早期，美国对太空的定义不同，并坚持太空始于卡门线以下19.3公里处，因为美国相信自己将领导并保持传统飞机工业的领导者地位。
分析：主干是the__US__defined__...__and__insisted__...；第一个that引导宾语从句；since引导原因状语从句；第二个that引导宾语从句。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．They suggested that the question (should)__be__discussed (被讨论) at the next meeting.
22．The team sought__to__win__the__championship (试图赢得冠军) by playing their best game.
(八)仿写句子
23．In recent years, the US has been trying to determine a “safer border of space”. (现在完成进行时)
仿写：她从昨晚10点起就一直在睡觉。
She__has__been__sleeping__since__10__o'clock__last__night.
16(共67张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION单元主题：人与自然——太空探索
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 助力听说
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．cm abbr. (centimetre or centimeter) __________
2．pilot n. ________________
3．force n. ____________
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．__________ n. 宇航员；太空人
2．__________ adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．__________ n. 程序；步骤；手续→__________ adj. 程序上的；程序性的
2．________ adj. 精神的；思想的→________ adv. 精神上；智力上
厘米
飞行员；领航员
力；力量
astronaut
intelligent
procedure
procedural
mental
mentally
自主学习 助力听说
一、发音规则
英语中的重读是指在单词或短语中强调或突出某个音节、单词或短语的发音。重读在英语中非常重要，它可以帮助听者正确理解和解释句子的含义。以下是一些英语重读的规则和模式：
1．词性影响
名词、代词、形容词、副词(特别是以 y结尾、以 s或 es结尾的表示时间、次数、频率等的副词)以及实义动词通常需要重读。冠词、介词(单音节介词通常不重读，但双音节和多音节介词会重读；位于句首或需要特殊强调的单音节介词也会重读)、连词、助动词等虚词通常不重读。
2．音节影响
(1)所有的单音节单词都需要重读。
(2)双音节单词：名词一般重读第一个音节，动词一般重读第二个音节。
(3)多音节单词：通常重读倒数第三个音节，但也有例外，如后缀为 ese、 eer、 ique时，一般重读后缀；后缀为 ic时，一般重读ic前一个音节；后缀为 al时，一般重读单词中间某个音节。
3．其他情况
以ate结尾的单词：动词一般重读ate，发音为/eit/；名词一般轻读ate，发音为/It/。形容词修饰名词时，通常重读名词；若只有形容词，则重读形容词。在两个形容词修饰一个名词的情况下，通常重读第一个形容词和名词，中间不重读。动词短语中，通常重读后面的介词。
二、语境朗读
1．试读并写出以下句子中的重读词汇。
(1)The streets are wide and clean.
__________________________________________________________________
(2)I am so glad to see you again.
__________________________________________________________________
streets, wide, clean
so, glad, see, again
2．试读并写出以下句子中重读的虚词。
(1)We saw him playing by the river.
__________________________________________________________________
(2)On my way to school, my bike was broken.
__________________________________________________________________
(3)Didn't I tell you yesterday
__________________________________________________________________
by
On
Didn't
3．试读并体会下列对话中画线处的重读词汇。
Alice: Hey, John, could you please pass me the salt I'm trying to season my steak．
John: Sure thing, Alice. Here you go. By the way, have you ever tried using just a pinch of pepper instead It really enhances the flavor.
Alice: Actually, I haven't. I usually stick to salt, but I'm willing to give it a try. Thanks for the suggestion．
John: You're welcome. You know, sometimes it's the little things that make a big difference. Like, adding a dash of lemon juice can completely transform a dish.
Alice: Interesting. I'll keep that in mind next time I'm cooking.
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
（一）高频词
intelligence n. 智力；才智；智慧
It is intelligent to do ... 做……是明智的
intelligent system 智能系统
intelligent beings 外星人；智慧生物
high/low intelligence 高/低智商
intelligence quotient (IQ) 智商
emotional intelligence 情商
artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能
1.intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的；智能的(教材P39)
【语境感知】
①Helen had a few intelligent things to say on the subject.
海伦在这个问题上有几句明智的话要说。
②It is intelligent to learn from your mistakes and use that knowledge to improve.
从错误中学习并利用这些知识来提升自己是明智的。
③Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
情商既注重头脑，又注重心灵，它可以为我们指明正确的方向。
④In recent years, you may have read news about artificial intelligence (AI) creating its own art, such as painting or writing poems.
近年来，你可能读到过关于人工智能进行艺术创作的新闻，比如绘画或写诗。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①We build machines that are ________________ (intelligent) than we are.
②He didn't even have the _____________ (intelligent) to call for an ambulance.
③It's intelligent ________ (pause) when your feelings become bad.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④告诉他们真相是明智的。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤有些人相信，外太空存在像人类一样的智慧型生物。
____________________________________________________________________
more intelligent
intelligence
to pause
It is intelligent to tell them the truth.
Some people believe that there are intelligent beings like mankind in outer space.
2.procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续→_____________ adj. 程序上的；程序性的
【语境感知】
To complete task efficiently, we need to follow the procedure carefully to keep it procedural.
为了高效完成任务，我们需要仔细遵循程序，使其符合程序。
procedural
（二）拓展词
3.mental adj. 精神的；思想的→__________ adv. 精神上；智力上
【语境感知】
Reading books regularly exercises our mental muscles, making us mentally stronger.
经常读书锻炼我们的脑力，使我们的精神更加强大。
mentally
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①In the future, I will get myself well prepared both ________ (mental) and physically for my college study.
②The two sides have spent most of their time arguing over __________ (procedure) problems.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③做家务也可以是一种精神放松方式。
____________________________________________________________________
④按照惯常的程序行事是很重要的。
____________________________________________________________________
mentally
procedural
Doing housework can also be a form of mental relaxation.
It's important to follow the regular procedure.
对点练习 巩固所学
a.匹配下列单词的词义 b.匹配下列短语的词义
(___)1.curious (___)2.equipment (___)3.experience (___)4.astronaut (___)5.condition A．n. 宇航员；太空人 B．n. 状况，状态；条件 C．n. 设备，装备 D．adj. 好奇的，求知欲强的 E．n. 经历，经验 (___)6.pilot training (___)7.selection procedure (___)8.graduate from (___)9.education background (___)10.be selected to do sth A.毕业于……
B.被选中做某事
C.飞行员培训
D.教育背景
E.筛选程序
Ⅰ.匹配词义
D
C
E
A
B
C
E
A
D
B
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．________ adj. 精神的；思想的
2．________ n. 飞行员；领航员
3．__________ n. 宇航员；太空人
4．________ adj. 相关的；有联系的
5．___________ adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
mental
pilot
astronaut
related
intelligent
6．________ abbr. 厘米
7．___________ n. 程序；步骤；手续
8．________ v. (使)快速旋转
9．________ n. 力；力量
10．________ adj. 身体的
cm
procedure
spin
force
physical
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．It's estimated that she is 180 cm in ________ (high).
2．She is highly ___________ (intelligence) but her work lacks organization.
3．Becoming a firefighter requires special ___________ (train) to deal with emergencies and save lives.
4．He is __________ (mental) ill and cannot be held responsible for his actions.
height
intelligent
training
mentally
5．She believed that she _____________ (achieve) her dream of becoming a doctor one day.
6．Much of the crime in this area is related ________ drug abuse.
7．________ (be) an astronaut requires a great deal of courage, determination, and a passion for space exploration.
8．She failed to satisfy all the ______________ (require) for entry to the college.
would achieve
to
Being
requirements
Ⅳ.选词填空
1．All the __________ must be done in the correct order.
2．He changed our world through the __________ of his ideas.
3．She __________ round as the man, with a holler, burst through the door.
4．Then, slowly, the kite started to come __________．
procedures
cm, condition, astronaut, force, address, spin, procedure, down
force
spun
down
5．The snake usually reaches a length of 100 ________.
6．Everyone in the group exchanged email __________．
7．The ____________ are preparing for touchdown tomorrow morning.
8．After the accident, the patient was rushed to the hospital and is now being treated in a stable ___________．
cm
addresses
astronauts
condition
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．Steve ________________ (对……感到好奇) the world I came from.
2．When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ________________ (接受训练) for a space flight.
3．We must ______________________________ (关注英语语法) when we learn English.
was curious about
to be trained
pay attention to English grammar
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．她关掉了煤气，够机灵的。
____________________________________________________________________
2．他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。
____________________________________________________________________
3．他在18岁时取得了他的第一个显著成就。
____________________________________________________________________
She was intelligent enough to turn off the gas.
He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.
He made his first notable achievement at the age of 18.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·山东省济南市高一下期末)We can see the moon every day, but in fact, humans have not been able to see the true face of the moon. For example, we all view the same side of it—the near side. So why don't we ever see the far side of the moon
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★
The secret behind this fascinating mystery is “tidal locking (潮汐锁定)”. To better understand it, let's imagine two friends holding hands and turning around. As they turn, they always face each other because they're locked in position by their hands. Similarly, the moon is locked to Earth by tidal force, which means it takes just as long for the moon to turn about its axis (轴) as it does to go around Earth. As a result, we always see the same side of the moon from our position on Earth, while the opposite side, known as the far side or the dark side, remains hidden from view.
Now, you might be wondering why people use the term “dark side” when referring to the far side of the moon. Contrary to popular belief, the far side isn't always in darkness. Like the near side, it experiences day and night. However, since we can't observe it from Earth, it often lies in mystery, and thus it gets this name.
Although we'll never see the far side of the moon directly from Earth, humanity has found ways to explore it. Several spacecrafts have taken photos which furthered our understanding of the lunar far side. In June 2024, China's Chang'e 6 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon and sent back more closeup photos. It brought back soil and rocks collected from there, opening a new chapter in lunar exploration and enabling scientists to discover what they didn't know about the moon.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类无法看到月球背面的原因。
There is still so much more to explore on the lunar far side. For example, the far side of the moon is a rare and quiet place free from radio signals reflecting from our planet, which allows scientists to study space phenomena with greater clarity, making it a perfect location for studying space using radio waves.
1．How does the writer explain “tidal locking” in Paragraph 2
A．By analyzing data. B．By quoting a study.
C．By giving an example. D．By comparing findings.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To better understand it ... to go around Earth. (为了更好地理解它，让我们想象两个朋友手牵着手转圈。当他们转圈时，他们总是面对着对方，因为他们被手锁定了位置。同样地，月球被潮汐力锁定在地球上，这意味着月球绕其轴旋转所需的时间与月球绕地球旋转所需的时间一样长。)”可推知，第二段通过举两个朋友牵手转圈的例子，来说明潮汐锁定。故选C。
2．What is a common misunderstanding of the far side of the moon
A．There lives unknown life.
B．It shouldn't be disturbed.
C．It is visible from Earth.
D．There is no sunlight.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Contrary to popular belief, the far side isn't always in darkness.”可知，普遍的看法是月球的背面总是黑暗的，没有阳光。故选D。
3．Why is Chang'e 6 mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．To share a well known legend.
B．To explain its working principle.
C．To promote an advanced technology.
D．To show efforts of lunar exploration.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In June 2024 ... know about the moon.”可知，嫦娥六号发回特写照片并带回收集的土壤和岩石，开启了月球探索的新篇章。由此可推知，提到嫦娥6号旨在展示月球探索的成果。故选D。
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Hidden value of the lunar far side.
B．Detailed information of mysteries.
C．Special advantages of radio waves.
D．Brief reviews of moon exploration.
解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，月球背面没有来自我们星球的无线电信号反射，这使得科学家能够更清晰地研究太空现象，使其成为使用无线电波研究太空的理想地点。由此可知，最后一段主要说明月球背面的隐藏价值。故选A。
B
(2024·陕西省西安市临潼区高一下期末)A Japanese company tried to land the first M1 private space vehicle on the Moon. However, on 25 April, the M1 spacecraft became the latest in a long line of Moon missions that didn't quite make it. Until now, only three government－funded space agencies have soft－landed on the Moon and only China is successful in its first attempt.
Why is it so hard to touch down safely on the Moon
Getting a mission to the Moon, around 384，000 kilometres from the Earth, is much more intricate than sending a satellite into low－Earth orbit—and failures can occur early on, even for missions that don't plan to land. This happened with NASA's Lunar Flashlight mission, a small spacecraft that was launched in December and was supposed to map the Moon's ice. Its engines stopped working soon after launch.
Even if a lander makes it to the neighborhood of the Moon, it still has to find its way down to the surface with no global－positioning satellites for guidance and virtually no atmosphere to help to slow it down. Once it gets within the critical (关键的) last few kilometres, its software has to deal quickly and autonomously with any last－minute challenges, such as its sensors potentially becoming confused by large amounts of dust kicked up by the engines.
To pull off a successful landing in such a challenging environment, the government－funded space agencies have spent huge amount of money on repeated tests and have learned a lot from each failed and successful attempt.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了月球与地球的距离、月球的环境特点以及历史上政府资助的太空机构在月球着陆方面的经验和教训，说明了月球着陆的复杂性和挑战性。
“In the 1960s, when the United States and the Soviet Union were racing to land there, they crashed spacecraft after spacecraft before each finally succeeded in 1966，” says Stephen Indyk, director of space systems at Honeybee Robotics in Greenbelt, Maryland. “Without lessons learned from the setbacks (挫折) and successes, it's a lot to ask of a private company to get it right in the first attempt.”
5．What can be learned about M1 spacecraft
A．It became the latest unsuccessful Mars mission.
B．It was launched by an American private company.
C．It was the company's first public－funded space vehicle.
D．It failed to soft－land on the surface of the Moon.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A Japanese company ... quite make it.”可知，M1太空飞行器未能成功在月球表面软着陆。故选D。
6．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “intricate” in Paragraph 3
A．simple
B．demanding
C．inflexible
D．unfortunate
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“and failures can occur early on, even for missions that don't plan to land (而且即使是不打算着陆的任务，也可能在早期就出现失败)”可推知，执行登月任务比将卫星送入近地轨道要复杂，说明要求比较高。故选B。
7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The reasons to land on the Moon.
B．The necessity of teamwork.
C．The landing challenges.
D．The costs of space exploration.
解析：段落大意题。根据第四段“Even if a lander ... by the engines.(即使着陆器到达了月球附近，它仍然需要在没有全球定位卫星引导和几乎没有大气层帮助减速的情况下找到降落到月球表面的路。一旦进入关键的最后几公里，它的软件必须迅速自主地处理任何最后一分钟的挑战，比如发动机扬起的大量灰尘可能会使其传感器产生混淆。)”可知，本段主要讲述了在如此具有挑战性的环境中成功着陆月球需要面对的挑战。故选C。
8．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage
A．Technology.
B．Environment.
C．Culture.
D．Economy.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论了日本公司尝试将首个私人太空飞行器M1降落在月球上但未能成功的情况，以及月球着陆的复杂性和挑战性。文章涉及太空技术、太空任务和太空探索等方面的内容，与科技紧密相关。由此可推知，这篇文章最有可能出现在杂志的科技部分。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
(2024· 广东省广州市增城区高一下期末)Sending astronauts to Mars is a big challenge. It's a long, dangerous journey. And astronauts will have to take EVERYTHING they need. __1__
Launching things into space is expensive. “To get to Mars, we already have the technology，” says Michael Flynn. “The problem is, it's costly.”
__2__ Instead of building a heavy spaceship and packing it full of stuff, why not build Water Walls—a recycling system and use the stuff as part of the spaceship
Making oxygen and taking away carbon dioxide—the waste gas you breathe out—is one problem in space. Water Walls will remove carbon dioxide the same way it's done here on Earth—with living plants. Living plants take in carbon dioxide to make their food, and give off oxygen. But plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft. __3__
Algae are tiny plants that live in water. The algae will live in bags in the walls too, fed by poop and sunlight, eating up carbon dioxide and making oxygen for the astronauts to breathe.
__4__ It‘s compact (紧密的), efficient, and doesn’t need a lot of fancy machinery that might break down. A mission to Mars will require astronauts to get back to nature.
Alas, the human body needs a lot of help to survive in space. If only we were more like the tardigrade (水熊虫)! Tardigrades are very tiny insect like creatures that live in soil. When they find themselves in danger, they roll themselves up into a ball and dry out. In this state they can survive without food or water for 100 years. __5__
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Water Walls回收系统，并提到了藻类作为可能的选择，以及这种系统的一些优势。
A．Algae can be a good choice.
B．Nothing is wasted in the spacecraft.
C．But Flynn thinks he has a solution.
D．So a trip to Mars is full of packing challenge.
E．If only we could train them to fly a spaceship.
F．This onboard recycling system has many advantages.
G．The more you take, the more rockets you must launch, and the more it costs.
1．答案：D
2．答案：C
解析：根据前文“Sending astronauts to Mars ... take EVERYTHING they need.(将宇航员送上火星是一项巨大的挑战。这是一段漫长而危险的旅程。宇航员将不得不带上他们所需要的一切。)”可知，D项(所以火星之旅充满了打包的挑战。)是对前文的总结。故选D。
解析：根据前文“Launching things into space is expensive ... it's costly.”可知，此处讲述送东西到火星的成本太高，后文“Instead of building ... as part of the spaceship？”提出一种解决方法，C项(但弗林认为他有办法。)承前启后。故选C。
3．答案：A
4．答案：F
解析：根据前文内容可知，植物很难在宇宙飞船中生长，再根据后文“Algae are tiny plants that live in water.”可知，后文开始介绍藻类，所以设空处应是提到用藻类解决植物很难在宇宙飞船中生长的问题，A项(藻类是一个不错的选择。)符合文意。故选A。
解析：设空处位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文内容可知，本段讲述Water Walls回收系统的优点，F项(这种机载回收系统有许多优点。)概括本段内容。故选F。
解析：设空处位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文内容可知，此处是在讲述水熊虫这种生物对于宇宙航行的优势，E项(要是我们能训练它们驾驶宇宙飞船就好了。)是对前文提到的水熊虫的假设，符合文意。故选E。
5．答案：E
(2024·江西省部分学校高一下期末)Where is “space” exactly This may seem like a simple question, but the answer may be more difficult than you think.
精深阅读
Nowadays, most countries are generally in agreement that space begins when Earth's atmosphere ends. But no one can tell where atmosphere actually ends and outer space begins. This leaves the door open for a variety of explanations until the Karman Line was recognized by international laws. The so called Karman Line is an imaginary line 100 kilometers above Earth's surface. Once this line is crossed, the air is too thin and traditional planes would need to reach the speed of 30，564 kilometers per hour or risk falling back to Earth. According to the international laws, once pilots and aircraft cross that line, they are recognized as astronauts and spacecraft and are free to conduct space operations without concern for international borders.
In the early age of space exploration, the US defined space differently and insisted that space start 19.3 kilometers below the Karman Line, since the US was confident that it would lead and remain to be the leader in the traditional aircraft industry.
Well aware that the US wanted to operate advanced spying aircraft safely, many developing countries opposed the idea and sought to establish much higher space limits—965.6 kilometers above Earth's surface. This space limit makes things a bit difficult for every country, though. At that height, even the International Space Station and Tiangong Space Station (orbiting between 320 to 435 kilometers up), and many satellites (orbiting 869 kilometers up) would not be considered spacecraft!
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了太空的起点在哪里这一问题。
In recent years, the US has been trying to determine a “safer border of space”. In 2009, it suggested that the border of space begin at 118 kilometers above Earth's surface. What was its argument this time It said that many breakthroughs have been made in space and spying technologies by other countries!
1．What is mentioned about the Karman Line according to the international laws
A．It is unsafe for some countries.
B．Traditional planes should not cross it.
C．Pilots can fly freely above it.
D．It is the highest line pilots can reach.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“According to the international laws ... concern for international borders.”可知，根据国际法，飞行员一旦跨越了卡门线，就不用受国际边界的约束，能自由地飞行。故选C。
2．Many developing countries suggested that space begin at ________．
A．965.6 kilometers above Earth's surface
B．118 kilometers above Earth's surface
C．100 kilometers above Earth's surface
D．90.7 kilometers above Earth's surface
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“many developing countries ... above Earth's surface (许多发展中国家对这一想法表示反对，并寻求建立更高的太空限制——即在地球表面以上965.6公里处)”可知，许多发展中国家建议太空从地球表面以上965.6公里开始。故选A。
3．What does the author most probably think of the US' suggestions
A．Smart. B．Unfair.
C．Scientific. D．Uncreative.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在太空探索的早期，美国坚持太空始于卡门线以下19.3公里处，因为美国有信心在传统的飞机工业中保持领先地位；根据最后一段内容可知，美国因为认为其他国家在太空和侦察技术方面取得了许多突破，因此提出太空边界应始于地球表面以上118公里处，由此可推知，美国的建议是从自己的利益出发，因此作者认为这是不公平的。故选B。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Where Does Space Begin Exactly
B．How High Should the Karman Line Be
C．How Can We Protect Our National Borders
D．Why Does the US Want to Change the Karman Line
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章在第一段提出关于太空的起点在哪里的问题，后文分别介绍了不同的国家的看法。由此可知，A项(太空到底从哪里开始？)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．atmosphere n. ____________________________
2．________ v. 进行，组织，实施
3．define v. ____________________________
4．________ v. 建立；确立
5．breakthrough n. ________________
大气层；空气；氛围，环境
conduct
解释；阐明；标明……界限
establish
重大进展，突破
(二)高频短语
6．seem like ___________________
7．a variety of ________________
8．________________ 被认为是……
9．remain to be ________________
10．________________ 试图做某事
似乎；看起来像是
各种各样的
be recognized as
依然是
seek to do sth
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．I often create ___________ (imagine) worlds in my head when I'm bored.
12．Please provide a clear ______________ (explain) of the rules before we start the game.
13．As a __________ (develop) artist, she works hard to improve her painting skills every day.
imaginary
explanation
developing
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．You can tell when someone is lying by looking at their eyes. ____________
15．I need to learn how to operate this new software before I can start my project. ____________
16．The so called “experts” in this field often disagree with each other.__________
判断
操作
所谓的
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．We considered this agreement to be an important step forward. ___________
18．Politicians again failed to achieve an agreement.________
19．They strongly objected to the idea of building a new shopping mall in the historic district. ________
recognized
reach， oppose， recognize
reach
opposed
(六)长难句分析
20．In the early age of space exploration, the US defined space differently and insisted that space start 19.3 kilometers below the Karman Line, since the US was confident that it would lead and remain to be the leader in the traditional aircraft industry.
句意：在太空探索的早期，美国对太空的定义不同，并坚持太空始于卡门线以下19.3公里处，因为美国相信自己将领导并保持传统飞机工业的领导者地位。
分析：主干是____________________________；第一个that引导_______从句；since引导______________从句；第二个that引导________从句。
the US defined ... and insisted ...
宾语
原因状语
宾语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．They suggested that the question ____________________ (被讨论) at the next meeting.
22．The team __________________________ (试图赢得冠军) by playing their best game.
(八)仿写句子
23．In recent years, the US has been trying to determine a “safer border of space”. (现在完成进行时)
仿写：她从昨晚10点起就一直在睡觉。
____________________________________________________________________
(should) be discussed
She has been sleeping since 10 o'clock last night.
sought to win the championship
