Unit 1 Science and Scientists Section Ⅲ Using Language & Assessing Your Progress课件（共145张）+讲义

英语 选择性必修 第二册 RJ
Section Ⅲ　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
——Listening and Speaking——
一、听力微技能1——听前预测
预测是在做听力之前根据题目和所给答案选项等已有信息，对即将听到的对话或段落内容进行预测，以此判断出听力材料所涉及的方向，做到心中有数。
(1)从答案选项中预测：
Q：What does Tom do
A．He's a truck driver.
B．He's a ship captain.
C．He's a pilot.
录音：
W：Tom flew to Anchorage last night, then took some passengers from there to Dallas.
M：Yeah, but he couldn't land because the airport in Dallas was snowed in.
从选项看，问题是关于职业方面的，再从flew, passengers, airport这些信息词中可以确定Tom的职业是pilot。
(2)从说话人的口气预测：
在A，B两人的对话中，如果B是附和或赞成，往往说“Yes”，“I agree”，“Sure”，“I think so”等。但如果A用否定句，B表示同意时则用“No”，“Neither/Nor”等。
例如：
A：Harvey doesn't seem to fit into this class.
B：No, he is really a fish out of water.
二、话题口语表达(开放型)
通过以下两个问题，和你的小伙伴互相提问，了解著名物理学家——史蒂芬·霍金。
1．What about Hawking's image in people's mind
2．What makes Hawking a famous figure in the world
3．What effect does Hawking's story have on your life
——Reading for Writing——
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处
2．rainbow n. 彩虹
3．plasma n. 血浆
4．aerospace n. 航空航天工业
5．aviation n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行
6．jet n. 喷气式飞机
7．missile n. 导弹
8．leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能
9．concept n. 概念；观念
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1．cast vt. 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
2．pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
3．concrete n. 混凝土　adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
4．defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解
5．outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的
6．gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
7．abstract adj. 抽象的；理论上的　n. (文献等的)摘要
8．besides prep. 除……之外(还)　adv. 而且；此外
9．furthermore adv. 此外；再者
10．fault n. 弱点；过错
11．shift n. 改变；转换；轮班　vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1．patriotic adj. 爱国的→patriot n. 爱国者
2．mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工→mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的
3．assistant n. 助理；助手→assist v. 帮助，协助→assistance n. 帮助，援助
4．steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv. 逐渐地，稳步地
5．astronomy n. 天文学→astronomer n. 天文学家
6．brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的→brilliantly adv. 灿烂地；辉煌地；光亮地
7．vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv. 生动地；逼真地；鲜明地
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
trace [熟义] v. 追溯；追踪；踪迹
[生义] n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹　v. 绘出；勾画出(轮廓)
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1．break__out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
2．in__charge__of 主管；掌管
3．come__down__with 患(病)；染上(小病)
4．above__all 最重要的是；尤其是
课文三维剖析
THE FATHER OF CHINA'S AEROSPACE
中国航天之父
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science1 than Qian Xuesen. Described by2 the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man3 with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well－respected man. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。 Born in Shanghai in 19114, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering5. However, after6 the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation7 because8 he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country9. 钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies10. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s11, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology12. As a graduate assistant13 at the California Institute of Technology14during the 1930s15, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and16 in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA's leading space－exploration centres17. 1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。 1 impact的后置定语 2　过去分词短语作状语 3　其后带了两个后置定语，一个是介词短语with__“great__...__spirit”；另一个是定语从句who__was__...__and__devotion 4　过去分词短语作状语 5　目的状语 6　引导时间状语从句 7　decision的后置定语 8　引导原因状语从句 9　宾语从句；need sb/sth to do sth, to do sth作宾补，句中its__own__powerful__air__force是宾语，to__protect__and__defend__the__country是宾补 10　目的状语 11　时间状语 12　pioneer的后置定语 13　方式状语 14　地点状语 15　时间状语 16　and连接两个并列分句 17　the Jet Propulsion Laboratory的同位语
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US18, Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and19 was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also20 its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When21he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make22.” 留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。那时候，中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。有人问他：“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答十分坚定：“有什么不能的，外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。” Under Qian's leadership23, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets24. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man－made satellite, Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ25, from a Long March rocket. Because26 much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecrafts27 can also be traced back to Qian's research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China's aerospace”． 在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。 Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist28 was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing29. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research. 钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。 On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian's death, and30 people honoured and remembered him in different ways. 2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。 18　介词后跟动名词短语作时间状语 19　and 连接两个并列谓语动词received和was__put 20　not only ... but also ... 连接介词of的两个宾语 21　引导时间状语从句 22　定语从句 23　方式状语 24　过去分词短语作状语 25　its first man－made satellite的同位语 26　引导原因状语从句 27　technology的后置定语 28　主语从句 29　other things的同位语 30　连接两个并列分句
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT
一个纯思维的世界
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease31which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles32, his world became one of abstract thought. 史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 Hawking first achieved fame when33 he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 196434. In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe35. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end36　. The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space37. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge38. During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle's lectures39, Hawking stood up and pointed out that40 Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that41 the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true. Hawking's own work on the big bang theory42 was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born. 霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论：第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终；另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德·霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。 So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius43 Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless44 in what he said or did45. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say46, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about47. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries48. 那么，是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成为一名天才呢？除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。 31　原因状语从句 32　定语从句，修饰disease 33　引导时间状语从句 34　状语 35　theories的后置定语 36　非限制性定语从句，解释说明the steady state theory 37　非限制性定语从句，解释说明the big bang theory 38　Fred Hoyle的同位语 39　时间状语 40　引导宾语从句 41　引导宾语从句 42　work的后置定语 43　“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，Stephen Hawking是宾语，a genius是名词作宾补 44　让步状语从句的省略，从句补充完整为though__he__was_ _sometimes__careless 45　介词in的宾语从句 46　宾语从句 47　介词of的宾语从句 48 him的宾补
阅读领悟
(一)填空并连线
第一篇：
第二篇：
(二)高频语法现象
1．状语从句的省略
竣工后，该建筑将提供约130间公寓和一个地下停车场。
When__finished,__the building will contain about 130 apartments and an underground car park.
2．名词作宾补
长期的努力和个性使他成为一个领导者。
The long－term hard work and personality made__him__a__leader．
3．which引导非限制性定语从句
他发动了汽车，汽车平稳地发出嗡嗡声。
He started the car, which__hummed__smoothly．
4．介词后接宾语从句
我不明白他在说些什么。
I couldn't make head nor tail of what__he__was__saying.
5．名词后跟两个定语
那个开着黑色汽车的年轻人现在是一名体育明星，他的父亲是我们的老师。
The young man in__a__black__car__whose__father__is__our__teacher is now a sports star.
(三)问题链
1．What made Qian Xuesen an outstanding and creative scientist according to the text
He__was__greatly__interested__in__music__and__drawing.
2．What did Qian and Hawking have in common according to the two passages
They__were__both__excellent__scientists__and__made__great__contributions.
探究一　热词
1.pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)(教材P7)
pour out 涌出；倒出 pour in 涌入 pour into 朝……里面倒；涌入 pour out one's heart to sb 向某人敞开心扉；倾诉衷肠
①I poured out my thoughts on paper in an attempt to rationalize my feelings.
我将自己的想法倒出，写在纸上以求理顺情绪。
②Letters of complaint continue to pour in.
投诉信纷至沓来。
③A large number of tourists pour into the scenic spot, making it very crowded.
大量的游客涌入景区，使得景区十分拥挤。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She poured out her troubles to me over a cup of coffee.
②News, facts and opinions pour in from every corner of the world.
【学会表达】翻译
③I used to pour time and energy into projects that were doomed from the start.
过去我总是将时间和精力投入到一些从一开始就注定要失败的项目上。
④朋友是那些我们在悲伤之时可以敞开心扉之人。(读后续写之友谊)
Friends__are__those__whom__we__can__pour__out__our__heart__to__when__we're__sad.
2.defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解(教材P7)
·defence n. 防御；保卫；辩护 defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫 defend sb/sth/oneself from/against ... 保护某人/某物/自己免受……伤害
①Smith has announced that she will defend herself in the case.
史密斯已宣布她将在此案中为自己辩护。
②While entering a strange yard in that village, you have to defend yourself against the guard dog.
当你进入那个村子里一个陌生的院子时，你必须保护自己不受看门狗的伤害。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①All our officers are trained to defend themselves from/against knife attacks.
②If cornered, the snake will defend itself (it).
③Nobody spoke out in his defence (defend)．
【学会表达】翻译
④她做好了随时保卫家人和国家的准备。
She__has__always__been__ready__to__defend__not__only__the__family__but__also__the__country.
3.gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的(教材P8)
·gift n. 礼物；天赋；才能　v. 赠送；(无意中)让(对手)获得 be gifted in (doing) ... 在(做)……方面有天赋 be gifted with ... 天生具备……
①Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic.
有些有天赋的人可能在学校表现不佳，因为他们的天赋不是学术方面的。
②He was gifted with a charming smile.
他有一副迷人的微笑。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She was an accomplished pianist, a superb swimmer, and a gifted (gift) artist.
②Brain is gifted in composing; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
【学会表达】翻译
③学校常常不能满足资优学生的需求。
Schools__often__fail__to__meet__the__needs__of__gifted__children.
4.fault n. 弱点；过错(教材P9)
be one's fault 是某人的过错 be at fault 有过错；有责任 find fault with 挑剔，挑……的毛病
①Why should I say sorry when it's not my fault
不是我的错为什么要我道歉？
②She did not wish to convey that they were all at fault.
她不愿表明他们都有错。
③There was not a single thing about her that one could find fault with.
在她身上找不出一点让别人挑剔的地方。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It's not his (he) fault that he's so arrogant—he was born that way.
②He could never accept that he had been at fault.
【学会表达】完成句子
③但事实上，并不是你记忆力的问题。
But, in fact, it's not your memory that is__at__fault．
④他最喜欢做的事就是找我的茬。
What he likes to do best is to__find__fault__with__me．
1．mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工→mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的
We need a mechanic to do the fix job for this is the oldest working mechanical clock in the world.
我们需要一个机械师来修理，因为这是世界上最古老的仍在运转的机械钟。
2．assistant n. 助理；助手→assist v. 帮助，协助→assistance n. 帮助，援助
Since 1976 he has been operating the shop with the assistance of volunteers while his wife as the assistant to assist him to do ordinary work.
自1976年以来，他一直在志愿者的帮助下经营这家店，而他的妻子作为助理协助他做日常工作。(读后续写之人物描写)
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant (assist) took her place.
②The breakdown was due to a mechanical (mechanic) failure.
【学会表达】翻译
③We need a mechanical digger to level the ground.
我们需要一台挖掘机来平整土地。
④他请求我们协助他完成计划。
He__asked__us__to__assist__him__in__carrying__on__his__plan.
trace
[熟义]v. 追溯；追踪；查出 [生义]n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 v. 绘出，勾画出(轮廓)
①We finally traced him to an address in Chicago.
我们终于追查到他在芝加哥的一个地址。
②It's exciting to discover traces of earlier civilizations.
发现以前文明的遗迹，真令人兴奋。
③He traced the route on the map.
他在地图上勾画出了路线。
【学会运用】同义词替换
①The classic superheroes like Spiderman or Superman trace back to many decades ago.date
【学会表达】翻译
②One day he left, and disappeared without a trace.
有一天他离开了，消失得无影无踪。
③A tear traced a path down her cheek.(读后续写之情绪描写)
一滴眼泪沿着她的面颊流了下来。__
探究二　短语
1.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发(教材P7)
break其他相关短语： break down (机器或车辆)出毛病，损坏；(讨论、关系或系统)失败，破裂，失灵；感情失控(痛哭起来) break up (使)分裂；(被)拆分；(使)破碎；(夫妻)结束关系；(会议、聚会)解散 break into 强行进入；闯入 break off 折断；(使)断开；突然中止 break away (from ...) (从……)挣脱；脱开；逃脱
①When hostilities broke out he joined up.
战争爆发后，他参了军。
②We are able to assist motorists whose vehicles break down or are involved in accidents within 20 minutes.
我们可在20分钟内协助车辆出现故障或发生事故的驾驶者。
③The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock.
会议在十一点结束。
④Her house was broken into last week.
她的房子上周被人闯入了。
⑤She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.
她掰了一块巧克力给我。(读后续写之动作描写)
⑥I broke away from him and rushed out into the hall.
我挣脱了他，冲进了大厅。(读后续写之动作描写)
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She broke away from the pack and opened up a two－second lead.
②Lee broke off a small piece of orange and held it out to him.
③Since war broke out,__the phones at donation centres have been ringing off the hook.
【学会表达】完成句子
④附近没有人可能会看见他试图闯入那所房子。
There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break__into__the__house．
⑤因为他那时对我那般友善关心，我情不自禁哭了起来。
Because he was being so kind and concerned, I__broke__down__and__cried.
2.come down with 患(病)；染上(小病)(教材P8)
come其他相关短语/表达： come about 发生；产生 come across 偶然发现；偶然遇见 come up 走近；出现；被提及 come up with 想出，提出(计划、想法等) come out (书或光盘)出版，发行；露出；显示；结果是 come to life 恢复知觉；苏醒 when it comes to (doing) sth 当提到/涉及(做)某事时
①I think I'm coming down with flu.
我想我得了流感。
②I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.
我偶然发现了一块小空地，立刻注意到枯黄的草与刚下的雪相映成趣。(读后续写之环境描写)
③We've been asked to come up with some new ideas.
我们被要求提出一些新的想法。
④The truth about what happened is beginning to come out.
所发生的事情的真相开始浮出水面。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Never have I come across such a difficult problem.
②Keep your eye on these jokers; you never know what they will come up with.
③We come down with illnesses more easily when under stress.
【学会表达】完成句子
④日出之后，这个市镇变得充满生气。
The__town__came__to__life after sunrise.
⑤提到做生意，各国都有其独特之处。
Each nation has its own peculiarities when__it__comes__to__doing__business．
⑥这个地方的人很友好——在街上走着就有人上来跟你攀谈。
It's a friendly place—people__come__up__to__you__in__the__street__and__start__talking．
探究三　长难句分析
1.Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(教材P9) 除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。
【分析】　句子主干为he was brave，是“主系表”结构。Besides being brilliant是介词＋动名词短语作状语； though sometimes careless是让步状语从句的省略，补充完整为though he was sometimes careless; what he said or did是介词in的宾语从句。 状语从句省略的条件： 当状语从句的主语是it或者和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词有be动词时，从句的主语和be 动词可以同时省略。
①When asked about his salary, he usually kept silent. (＝When he was asked ...，被动关系)
当被问到他的薪水时，他通常保持沉默。
②While walking down the street，he met his English teacher. (＝When he was walking ...，主动关系)
当他沿着街道走的时候，他遇到了他的英语老师。
③Although young, she is calm and confident on the stage.(＝Although she is young ... )
她虽然年轻，但在舞台上却沉着自信。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①While visiting (visit) the city, they received a warm welcome.
②When asked (ask) why he was late, he kept silent.
【学会表达】句式升级
③If it is possible, I would like to travel to Europe next year.
→If__possible,__I would like to travel to Europe next year.
2.This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.(教材P9) 这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
【分析】　made him one of the greatest thinkers是“make＋名词/代词(宾语)＋ 名词(宾补)”的复合结构，意为“使某人成为……”。 make＋宾语＋宾补
make sb do的被动形式为sb be made to do。
①Nothing will make me change my mind.
什么也不能使我改变主意。
②Aron couldn't speak Polish， and I made myself understood with difficulty.
阿伦不会说波兰语，我好不容易才使他明白我的意思。
③The movie made her into a star overnight.
这部电影使她一夜成名。
④It's the good weather that makes Spain such a popular tourist destination.
正是好天气使西班牙成为如此受欢迎的旅游目的地。（旅游热点）
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He was so funny that he made us laughing （laugh） all through the meal.
②She couldn't make herself heard （hear） above the noise of the traffic.
【学会表达】翻译
③老师的鼓励使我对未来更有信心。
My teacher's encouragement made me more confident of my future.
④另一方面，摇滚歌手把音乐视为生命。
Rock singers， on the other hand， make music their life.
维度一　高频词汇
（一）写出下列单词和短语的英文
1.brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
2.besides prep. 除……之外（还）　adv. 而且；此外
3.abstract adj. 抽象的；理论上的　n. （文献等的）摘要
4.pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
5.vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
6.above all 最重要的是；尤其是
7.in charge of 主管；掌管
8.over the course of 在……期间
9.break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
e down with 患（病）；染上（小病）
（二）写出下列句子中加黑部分的汉语释义
1.We're looking for people of all ages who have performed outstanding acts of bravery， kindness， or courage. 杰出的
2.The house is beautiful. Furthermore， it's in a great location. 此外
3.The friendly intercourse between our two countries can be traced back to last century.追溯
4.How can you defend such behaviour？ 辩解
5.He was a natural politician， a gifted orator who knew how to work a crowd.有天赋的
维度二　语境运用
（三）根据语境填入恰当的内容
1.I was disappointed whenever the cook found fault with my work.
2.He used the old trick of attacking in order to defend himself （he）.
3.The Duanwu Festival， also called the Dragon Boat Festival， is to commemorate the patriotic （patriot） poet Qu Yuan.
4.An assistant （assist） sat typing away at a table beside him.
5.They were using a mechanical （mechanic） shovel to clear up the street.
（四）用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的加黑部分
1.The priceless treasures had been thrown into the Nile. cast
2.Global warming is a real problem. concrete
3.He moved his gaze from the child to her. shifted
4.Get as close to the subject as you can and hold the camera stable.steady
5.No payments were made last week because of a computer error.fault
维度三　能力提升
（五）长难句分析
　Last August， city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.
分析：句子主干是city officials interviewed residents，是“主谓宾”结构。Last August是时间状语；to find out是不定式短语作目的状语，and连接people's attitudes和what引导的宾语从句，作find out的宾语。
（六）句型转换
1.It is difficult for us to get a clear picture of space because of the dusty air.
→The dusty air makes it difficult for us to get a clear picture of space.
2.Everyone may have an opinion about what makes a good student.
→When it comes to what makes a good student， everyone may have an opinion.
维度四　素养提升
（七）根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1.Above all （最重要的是）， you should often have doctor check your eyesight.
2.He must have come down with a bad cold （得了重感冒）， for he has got a sore throat.
3.Thick black smoke was pouring out of the roof （从屋顶滚滚冒出）. （读后续写之环境描写）
（八）翻译
1.约翰不仅喜欢英语，而且说得很好。（not only ... but also ...）
John not only likes English， but also speaks it very well.
2.我在打扫我的卧室的时候，突然听到楼下传来一声尖叫。（状语从句的省略）
While cleaning my bedroom， I heard a scream coming from downstairs suddenly.
课后课时作业（一）
较易题（占比50%）　中档题（占比50%）　拔高题（占比0%）
题号 A B
难度 ★ ★★
　　阅读
A
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old， his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—to the north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move.
Albert did not like school. The German schools of that time were not pleasant. Students could not ask questions. Albert said he felt as if he were in prison.
In 1905， Albert Einstein published some important papers in a German scientific magazine. They included one of the most important scientific documents in history. It explained what came to be called his “Special Theory of Relativity”. Ten years later he expanded it to a “General Theory of Relativity”.
In 1921， he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. It was given to him not for his theories of relativity， but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.
Albert Einstein left Germany in 1933. He moved to the United States to continue his research. Einstein became a citizen of the United States in 1940.
Einstein was a famous man， but you would not have known that by looking at him. His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes. He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work. Students and friends said he had a way of explaining difficult ideas using images that were easy to understand.
Einstein spent the last twenty five years of his life working on what he called a “unified field theory”. He hoped to find a common mathematical statement that could tie together all the different parts of physics. However， he did not succeed.
Albert Einstein died in 1955 at the age of seventy－six.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Albert Einstein （阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦）的生平。
1.What do we know about Albert Einstein in his childhood？
A.He was very clever.
B.He was curious about new things.
C.He liked talking with people.
D.He was good at inventing new things.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The child was filled with ... the needle to move.”可知，Einstein小时候发现指南针的指针总是指向北方时，他充满了好奇，而且他还向他的父亲和叔叔询问了是什么导致指针移动。由此可推知，Einstein小时候对新事物很好奇。故选B。
2.What's the right order of the following events about Albert Einstein？
a.He became a citizen of the United States.
b.He won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
c.He put forward his “General Theory of Relativity”.
d.He left Germany for the United States.
A.d， b， c， a B.c， b， d， a
C.c， b， a， d D.d， a， c， b
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 1905”和“Ten years later ... to a ‘General Theory of Relativity’.”可知，1915年他提出了他的“广义相对论”；根据第四段中的“In 1921， he won the Nobel Prize in Physics.”可知，1921年，他获得了诺贝尔物理学奖；根据第五段“Albert Einstein left Germany ... of the United States in 1940.”可知，1933年他离开德国去了美国，1940年成为美国公民。由此可知，关于Einstein生平的正确顺序是c， b， d， a。故选B。
3.What can be inferred about Albert Einstein from the passage？
A.Albert Einstein didn't like asking questions at school.
B.Albert Einstein hated school for its strict rules.
C.Albert Einstein's lessons were too difficult to understand.
D.Albert Einstein cared little about how he looked.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes.（他的白发又长又乱。他穿着旧衣服。）”可推知，Einstein不太关心自己的外表。故选D。
4.What's the passage mainly about？
A.The life story of Albert Einstein.
B.The scientific discoveries of Albert Einstein.
C.Albert Einstein and his theories of relativity.
D.How Albert Einstein won great success in his life.
答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“Albert Einstein was ... his time alone.（阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦1879年出生于德国。他是个安静的孩子，大部分时间都一个人待着。）”及最后一段“Albert Einstein died in 1955 at the age of seventy－six.（爱因斯坦于1955年去世，享年76岁。）”可知，文章主要讲述了Albert Einstein的生平。故选A。
B
The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi of Massachusetts Institute of Technology， Louis E. Brus of Columbia University， and Alexei I. Ekimov of Nanocrystals Technology Inc. in New York for the discovery and development of quantum dots （量子点）.
The three scientists each contributed to a fundamental discovery， according to officials from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences， which awards several of the prizes each year. The work they've done has already led to new technology in television screens and bio－imaging.
Reached by phone during a press conference early Wednesday morning， Bawendi offered a stream of reactions： “Shocked. Sleepy. Very unexpected. And very honored.”
In a rare event， the winners' names were leaked to the Swedish media before the official announcement. But Bawendi said he'd been sound asleep， so he didn't hear anything about it.
Quantum dots are particles （粒子） that are so incredibly small that their size actually starts to affect their properties. For example， blue quantum dots and red quantum dots can be made from the exact same material， with the only difference being the size of the particle itself. （The blue quantum dots are smaller than red ones.）
In fact， changing the size can alter （改变） many different properties beyond just color， which means that quantum dots could be useful for a variety of applications， including building better solar panels and perhaps even creating fuel by using sunlight.
The three scientists will share the prize money of 11 million Swedish kronor （close to$995，000） in equal parts. This is the third science－focused Nobel Prize to be awarded the week. On Tuesday， the physics prize was awarded to Anne L' Huillier， Pierre Agostini and Ferenc Krausz. And on Monday， Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman won the prize in physiology or medicine.
Officials announced the literature prize on Thursday， followed by the peace prize on Friday. The economics prize was awarded on Monday.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了2023年诺贝尔化学奖的获得者的研究以及其他奖项的获得情况。
5.How did Bawendi feel when receiving the call early Wednesday morning？
A.Angry. B.Surprised.
C.Bored. D.Sorry.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Shocked. Sleepy. Very unexpected. And very honored.”可知，在周三清晨接到电话时，Bawendi （巴文迪）感到惊讶。故选B。
6.What causes the difference in color between blue quantum dots and red ones？
A.The size of the particles.
B.The difference in materials.
C.The change in shapes.
D.The variety of applications.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“For example ... the particle itself.（例如，蓝色量子点和红色量子点可以由完全相同的材料制成，唯一的区别是粒子本身的大小。）”可知，粒子的大小导致了蓝色量子点和红色量子点之间颜色的差异。故选A。
7.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 7 refer to？
A.The 2023 Nobel Prize in physics.
B.The 2023 Nobel Prize in medicine.
C.The 2023 Nobel Prize in literature.
D.The 2023 Nobel Prize in chemistry.
答案：D
解析：指代判断题。根据第一段内容及画线词前的“The three scientists ... in equal parts.”可知，2023年诺贝尔化学奖被授予三位科学家，他们将平分1，100万瑞典克朗（接近995，000美元）的奖金。This指的是2023年诺贝尔化学奖。故选D。
8.What is the text？
A.A short story. B.A diary entry.
C.A news report. D.A research article.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容并结合文章介绍了他们的研究以及其他奖项的获得情况可推知，本文是一篇新闻报道。故选C。
1.expand/Ik?sp?nd/v. 扩大；扩展
2.effect/I?fekt/n. 影响；效果
3.fundamental/?f?nd ?mentl/adj. 基本的；根本的
4.shocked/??kt/adj. 震惊的；惊愕的
5.be awarded to 授予；判给
6.a variety of 各种各样的
　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
With the start of new school， freshmen of Hendersonville High School in Nashville were excited to meet new classmates and teachers. Among them， however， 15－year－old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born. Going to a new school and being “different” is always scary. Sergio was particularly concerned with what his classmates would think of him.
Sergio's parents had trained him to use his left hand from an early age. As he grew up， he was used to not using his right hand. He could write with his left one and do some things with special tricks or techniques. Despite this， in the first days of new school， Sergio always felt like hiding his underdeveloped right hand in his sleeve as if nobody would ever find out if he did so.
It didn't take long for someone to learn Sergio's secret. Jeff Wilkins， the teacher of Sergio's engineering class， figured out that Sergio was missing part of his hand and decided to do something for the new student. Jeff had been leading a robotics project in the school and expert in 3D printing technology. Besides， he hoped to take advantage of this hands－on chance to help his robotics students learn more about engineering and how building a robotic hand worked.
So in his class， Jeff announced with great enthusiasm， “You're supposed to be engineering， coming up with new ideas and solving issues. Now Sergio needs a new hand， so we'll work together to build Sergio a robotic hand.” His words fueled everyone's curiosity and creativity.
For the next four weeks， Jeff and his class including Sergio worked on the project. After some precise measurements and researches， the class put forward a design draft. Jeff made a few adjustments and gave them some practical suggestions. With access to online models and a 3D printer， they eventually created a robotic hand， which was intended to look good and work well， like catching something.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Then came the final testing day.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 The life－changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5R解读故事
1.Read for characters （人物）
Sergio Peralta， Sergio's parents， Jeff Wilkins， classmates
2.Read for conflict/problems （冲突/问题）
Sergio's right hand had never fully formed since he was born and he was particularly concerned with what his classmates would think of him.
3.Read for plot （情节）
4.Read for emotional changes （情感变化）
At first， Sergio Peralta felt nervous and concerned due to his different right hand among other students； then he actively joined in the project which showed his enthusiasm.
5.Read for theme （主题）
Good deeds warm the heart.
4步确定框架
Step 1：先写最后一句（主题句）
Soon voluntary donations poured in， which would go to the school's scientific research and help students develop better.
Step 2：再写衔接句（第一段的最后一句）
Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand！
Step 3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
Everyone is anxious about whether the robotic hand can work well on Sergio's body. Sergio is emotional for his new right hand.
第二段：
Jeff and his students are happy and they consider helping Sergio is worthy.
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
The whole class gathered in the science classroom， watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self－made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm. Successfully he caught hold of the baseball on the desk and everyone present broke into cheers！
第二段：
Jeff said， “Meanwhile， I hope to foster students' scientific spirit through this hands－on operation.” His students stated that Jeff challenged them to transform abstract concepts into reality， from which they benefited greatly.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Sergio Peralta （塞尔吉奥·佩拉尔塔）由于先天性的手部残疾而对高中第一天开学感到非常紧张。他的老师Jeff Wilkins （杰夫·威尔金斯）关注到了Sergio的情况，决定利用3D技术给他打造一只“新手”。在全班同学的共同努力下，“新手”的测试结果怎么样？这给Sergio的生活带来了怎样的改变？
[精彩范文]
Then came the final testing day. The whole class gathered in the science classroom， watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm. It fitted quite well！ So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly. Having put a baseball on the desk， Jeff signed to Sergio to pick it up. Slowly， Sergio extended his right hand and reached for the ball. Successfully he caught hold of it and everyone present broke into cheers！ Holding the ball， Sergio couldn't contain his tears. Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand！
The life－changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention. Jeff and his students became an instant hit and various media competed to cover the news. When interviewed about the intention of the project， Jeff said， “I intended Sergio's robotic hand to show our support for him. Meanwhile， I hope to foster students' scientific spirit through this hands－on operation.” His students stated that Jeff challenged them to transform abstract concepts into reality， from which they benefited greatly. Soon voluntary donations poured in， which would go to the school's scientific research and help students develop better.
情节逻辑（范文和自己想的有何不同）
语言表达（原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确） 1. 2. 3.
课后课时作业（二）
较易题（占比30%）　中档题（占比70%）　拔高题（占比0%）
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ　阅读
Edwin Hubble made his most important discoveries in the 1920s. Today， other astronomers continue the work he began. Many of them are using the Hubble Space Telescope that is named after him.
Edwin Powell Hubble was born in 1889 in Marshfield， Missouri. He spent his early years in the state of Kentucky. Then he moved with his family to Chicago， in Louisville. He attended the University of Chicago. He studied mathematics and astronomy. Hubble was a good student. He was a good athlete， too. He was a member of the University of Chicago championship basketball team in 1909. He also was an excellent boxer. Several people urged him to train for the world heavyweight boxing championship after college. Instead， he decided to continue his studies. He went to Queen's College at Oxford， England.
At Oxford， Hubble studied law. He was interested in British Common Law， because his family had come to America from England many years before. He spent three years at Oxford. In 1913， Hubble returned to the United States. He opened a law office in Louisville， Kentucky. After a short time， however， he decided he did not want to be a lawyer. He returned to the University of Chicago. There， once again， he studied astronomy. Edwin Hubble was the first person to use the Hale Telescope. He died in 1953 while preparing to spend four nights looking through the telescope at the sky.
Hubble's work led to new researches on the birth of the universe. One astronomer said scientists have been filling in the details ever since. And， he said， there is a long way to go.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了科学家Edwin Hubble （埃德温·哈勃）的成长和学习经历，直到最后从事天文学研究的过程。
1.According to this passage， what was Edwin Hubble most interested in？
A.Sports. B.Law.
C.Astronomy. D.Mathematics.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He studied mathematics and astronomy. （他学习数学和天文学。）”和第三段中的“There， once again， he studied astronomy.（在那里，他再次学习了天文学。）”可推知，他对天文学最感兴趣。故选C。
2.Why did Edwin Hubble return to the University of Chicago？
A.Because he was interested in British Common Law.
B.Because he was eager to be a famous judge in future.
C.Because his parents had been to Britain a few years before.
D.Because he wanted to go on with the study of astronomy.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He returned to ... he studied astronomy.”可知，他回到芝加哥大学的目的是继续学习天文学。故选D。
3.Which of the following is the RIGHT order according to this passage？
a.He joined the University of Chicago championship basketball team.
b.He studied astronomy at the University of Chicago once again.
c.He moved to Louisville with his family.
d.He used the Hale Telescope to look at the sky.
e.He became a lawyer in Louisville for a short period of time.
A.c， a， b， d， e B.a， c， b， e， d
C.c， a， e， b， d D.a， b， d， e， c
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Then he moved with his family to Chicago， in Louisville.”和“He was a member of ... in 1909.”，第三段中的“He opened a law office in Louisville， Kentucky.”，“He returned to ... he studied astronomy.”和“Edwin Hubble was the first person to use the Hale Telescope.”可知，Hubble先是随家人搬到路易斯维尔的芝加哥，然后在芝加哥大学加入了篮球队，之后他做了一段时间的律师，然后又重返芝加哥大学学习天文学，最后他成为第一个使用海尔望远镜的人。故选C。
4.What can we know from this passage？
A.The Hubble Space Telescope was made by Hubble himself.
B.Edwin Powell Hubble went to Oxford， England in 1910.
C.Edwin Powell Hubble grew up in Marshfield， Missouri.
D.Hubble died while he was looking at the sky.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He spent three years ... the United States. （他在牛津待了三年。1913年，哈勃回到了美国。）”可知，他于1910年去了英国牛津。故选B。
Ⅱ　七选五
The age range between about 13 and 19 is an important time in an individual's life. 　1　 While you are a teenager， many exciting opportunities for success are given to you. Taking on the right amount of responsibility and independence can push you towards becoming a successful teenager.
First， participate in extra－curricular activities. Schools give students opportunities for staying active. Pick an activity that appeals to you such as athletics， academic clubs， or special－interest clubs. Extra－curricular activities build character through team work， time－management， and competition. Don't be too worried if you aren't very good at what you like， for the important thing is passion. 　2　
Besides， volunteer. 　3　 Meanwhile， volunteering can teach you job－related skills such as responsibility or time－management. Some schools also reward the learning aspect of volunteer work with credit hours. If you are interested in college， volunteering makes you much more appealing during the application process.
Third， use your summer for academic programs. Getting a head start at college could mean sacrificing your summer vacation. Various universities offer programs for future college students based on interests such as journalism， photography， art， sports， etc. 　4　 Research different programs and then figure out which one is the best choice for you. Check the requirements and deadlines. Avoid getting into trouble because of a simple mistake， and you will have a great time.
Finally， know when to ask for help and advice. Being responsible and independent does not mean being alone. 　5　 So， seek advice from parents， older siblings， advisors at work， teachers， or someone whom you trust. Opening up channels of communication at a young age is a great habit for success.
A.Make sure your maturity level and interests are leveled.
B.Making and meeting goals can motivate you to progress.
C.Huge steps are taken within that period.
D.They give teenagers the chance to earn college credits.
E.Offering help is a symbol of kindness.
F.It will drive you to put in your best effort.
G.Taking on new tasks and meeting goals will be hard work.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何成为一名成功的青少年提出了四条建议。
1.答案：C
解析：根据上文“The age range ... in an individual's life.”以及下文“While you are a ... success are given to you.”可知，此处应该讲述青少年时期，对人生影响巨大。C项（在这段时间内，青少年会迈出巨大的步伐。）符合语境。故选C。
2.答案：F
解析：根据上文“Don't be too worried ... important thing is passion.”可知，此处在讲述激情的重要性。F项中的It指代上文中的passion，且F项（它会驱使你全力以赴。）承接上文。故选F。
3.答案：E
解析：根据上文“Besides， volunteer.（此外，去做志愿者。）”可知，该段主要讲述的是志愿帮助。E项（提供帮助是善良的象征。）符合语境。故选E。
4.答案：D
解析：根据上文“Various universities offer ... art， sports， etc.”可知，大学为学生提供了各种预备课程，这些课程能够帮助学生。D项（它们给青少年获得大学学分的机会。）中的They指代上文中的各项课程，符合语境。故选D。
5.答案：G
解析：根据下文“So， seek advice from parents ... or someone whom you trust.”可知，青少年在遇到困难时，可以向他人求助。G项（接受新任务和实现目标将是艰苦的工作。）引出下文，且与下文构成因果关系。故选G。
Ⅲ　应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack发邮件称其想要了解中国的科学家，请你给他回一封邮件，向他介绍科学家屠呦呦，内容包括：
1.简要介绍屠呦呦；
2.她对你的影响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：青蒿素 artemisinin； 疟疾 malaria
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[精彩范文]
Dear Jack，
I'm glad to know that you are interested in Chinese great scientists. I'll introduce to you my favourite scientist， Tu Youyou.
Tu Youyou devoted most of her time to finding the cure for malaria. In 2015， she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering artemisinin， which is the key to the treatment of malaria. Behind her success were numerous failures and setbacks， but never did she give up. Inspired by her story， I decided to study harder so as to realise my dream.
I hope her story can also have a positive effect on you.
Yours，
Li Hua
　单元写作
单元写作——介绍一位科学家
本单元的话题是科学和科学家，通过本单元的学习，学会写一篇介绍科学家的文章。此类文章属于人物介绍，是记叙文的写作范畴。写作时要围绕人物选取材料，因此选材要有代表性，要选择人物的突出成就或能够彰显人物性格特点的事迹进行介绍，做到主题鲜明、内容清晰、简明扼要、重点突出。另外还要注意所选材料的客观性与真实性，不要言过其实。
1.人物介绍一般包括以下几点：
（1）出生年月和出生地点；
（2）主要经历、事迹和成就；
（3）影响和评价。
2.叙述方法：一般按照时间顺序，从科学家的人生经历到创造性的贡献等作出介绍，最后是结论性的评价。
3.人称和时态：通常使用第三人称。如果叙述的是发生在过去的事情，常用一般过去时；若叙述当前的情况，常用一般现在时；对未来的展望则常用一般将来时。
　　Of so many famous scientists all over the world， I admire 　　　　 （名字） most. Born on 　　　　 （时间） in 　　　　 （地点）， he/she was from 　　　　 （家庭）. Having graduated from 　　　　 （学校）， he/she was sent to work as 　　　　 （职业）. He/She began his/her research in 　　　　 （领域）. He/She is honored as 　　　　 （成就）. Famous as he/she is， he/she cares little 　　　　 （品格及评价）. 　　His/Her great contribution to human beings and his/her noble personality impressed me deeply.
※开头常用句式
1.Born in 1920， she was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.
她出生于1920年，是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
2.Professor Green， known to the world as a scientist， is not only diligent but also warm hearted.
格林教授是一位闻名世界的科学家，他不仅勤勉，而且热心。
3.He is a well－known scientist whose theories have changed the world.
他是一位著名的科学家，他的理论改变了世界。
※主体段落常用句式
1.Behind her success were numerous failures and setbacks， but never did she give up.
她成功的背后是无数的失败和挫折，但她从未放弃。
2.He devoted his whole life to his country and people， and even to the world.
他把他的一生献给了他的国家和人民，甚至献给了世界。
3.As a top scientist in the world， he/she lived a very simple life， but his/her contributions were invaluable to the field of science.
作为世界顶尖的科学家，他/她过着非常简朴的生活，但他/她对科学领域的贡献是非常宝贵的。
4.He/She was an admirable man/woman who displayed the characteristics of wisdom， strength and courage.
他/她是一位令人钦佩的男士/女士，展现出了智慧、力量和勇气。
5.He actively promoted the spread of scientific ideas about matters such as morality， who is the person with willingness to serve the country.
他积极地推动诸如道德之类的科学观念的传播，是一个愿意为国家服务的人。
6.She dedicates her time， knowledge and wisdom to her students and to future scientists from all over the world who come to study with her.
她为她的学生以及世界各国来向她求学的未来科学家们奉献出自己的时间、知识和智慧。
※结尾常用句式
1.Inspired by her story， I decided to study harder so as to realise my dream.
受到她的故事的鼓舞，我决定更加努力学习，以实现我的梦想。
2.This is an age not only of great science； it is an age of great scientists.
这不仅是一个伟大的科学时代；也是一个伟大的科学家时代。
3.She has fulfilled her role in her career and set a shining example to the younger generations.
她在事业上履行了自己的职责，并为年轻一代树立了光辉的榜样。
假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚笔友Jenny来信，让你介绍一位你最崇拜的中国科学家，请你根据下列表格中的内容提示给她写一封回信。
姓名 梁建英 出生年份 1972年
职务 中国高铁总设计师
主要经历 1.1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作； 2.研制出时速300～350公里高速动车组； 3.2015年获奖。
　　注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：高速动车组high－speed EMU
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[精彩范文]
Dear Jenny，
The Chinese scientist I admire most is Liang Jianying， general designer of the China high－speed EMU.
Liang Jianying was born in 1972. Since she graduated from university in 1995， she has been devoting all her time to researching into the development of the China high－speed railway. Afterwards， she invented the 300－350 km/h high－speed EMU， making it more convenient for us to get around quickly. It is because of her outstanding contributions to our country that China is playing a leading role in high－speed railways all over the world. As a consequence， she was awarded in 2015.
Liang Jianying has set a good example for us. From her， I realize that we should keep on trying until we realise our dreams.
Yours，
Li Hua
1(共145张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
单元主题：人与自我/人与社会——
科学与科学精神
Section Ⅲ Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
——Listening and Speaking——
一、听力微技能1——听前预测
预测是在做听力之前根据题目和所给答案选项等已有信息，对即将听到的对话或段落内容进行预测，以此判断出听力材料所涉及的方向，做到心中有数。
(1)从答案选项中预测：
Q：What does Tom do
A．He's a truck driver.
B．He's a ship captain.
C．He's a pilot.
录音：
W：Tom flew to Anchorage last night, then took some passengers from there to Dallas.
M：Yeah, but he couldn't land because the airport in Dallas was snowed in.
从选项看，问题是关于职业方面的，再从flew, passengers, airport这些信息词中可以确定Tom的职业是pilot。
(2)从说话人的口气预测：
在A，B两人的对话中，如果B是附和或赞成，往往说“Yes”，“I agree”，“Sure”，“I think so”等。但如果A用否定句，B表示同意时则用“No”，“Neither/Nor”等。
例如：
A：Harvey doesn't seem to fit into this class.
B：No, he is really a fish out of water.
二、话题口语表达(开放型)
通过以下两个问题，和你的小伙伴互相提问，了解著名物理学家——史蒂芬·霍金。
1．What about Hawking's image in people's mind
2．What makes Hawking a famous figure in the world
3．What effect does Hawking's story have on your life
WELCOME UNIT
——Reading for Writing——
预习检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业（一）
5
课后课时作业（二）
6
预习检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．shadow n. ____________________
2．rainbow n. _____
3．plasma n. _____
4．aerospace n. ______________
5．aviation n. _______________________
6．jet n. ____________
7．missile n. _____
8．leadership n. _________________________
9．concept n. ____________
阴影；影子；背光处
彩虹
血浆
航空航天工业
航空制造业；航空；飞行
喷气式飞机
导弹
领导；领导地位；领导才能
概念；观念
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1．____ vt. 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
2．_____ vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
3．________ n. 混凝土　adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
4．______ vt. 保卫；防守；辩解
5．__________ adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的
6．______ adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
7．_______ adj. 抽象的；理论上的　n. (文献等的)摘要
cast
pour
concrete
defend
outstanding
gifted
abstract
8．______ prep. 除……之外(还)　adv. 而且；此外
9．___________ adv. 此外；再者
10．_____ n. 弱点；过错
11．_____ n. 改变；转换；轮班　vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向
besides
furthermore
fault
shift
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1．patriotic adj. 爱国的→_______ n. 爱国者
2．mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工→__________ adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的
3．assistant n. 助理；助手→______ v. 帮助，协助→__________ n. 帮助，援助
4．steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→________ adv. 逐渐地，稳步地
5．astronomy n. 天文学→__________ n. 天文学家
6．brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的→_________ adv. 灿烂地；辉煌地；光亮地
7．vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→______ adv. 生动地；逼真地；鲜明地
patriot
mechanical
assist
assistance
steadily
astronomer
brilliantly
vividly
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
trace [熟义] v. __________________
[生义] n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹　v. 绘出；勾画出(轮廓)
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1．_________ (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
2．___________ 主管；掌管
3．_______________ 患(病)；染上(小病)
4．_________ 最重要的是；尤其是
追溯；追踪；踪迹
break out
in charge of
come down with
above all
自主学习　课文语篇
Perhaps no other scientist
has had a greater impact on
China's aerospace science1 than
Qian Xuesen. Described by2 the
authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man3 with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well－respected man.
课文三维剖析
1 impact的__________
2　过去分词短语作_____
3　其后带了两个________
__，一个是介词短语__________________；另一个是定语从句_________
___________
后置定语
THE FATHER OF CHINA'S AEROSPACE
中国航天之父
状语
后置定
语
with “great ... spirit”
　　　　　　　 who as ... and devotion
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。
4　过去分词短语作状语
5　_____状语
6　引导_________从句
7　decision的_________
8　引导_________从句
9　_____从句；need sb/sth to do sth, to do sth作_____，句中_______________________是宾语，_______________________
_______是宾补
Born in Shanghai in 19114 , Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering5. However, after6 the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation7 because8 he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country9.
目的
时间状语
后置定语
原因状语
宾语
宾补
its own powerful air force
to protect and defend the country
钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。
10　目的状语
11　_____状语
12　pioneer的_________
13　_____状语
14　_____状语
15　_____状语
16　and连接两个_________
17　the Jet Propulsion Laboratory的________
Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies10. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s11 , Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology12. As a graduate assistant13 at the California Institute of Technology14during the 1930s15, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and16 in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA's leading space－exploration centres17.
时间
后置定语
方式
地点
时间
并列分句
同位语
1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。
18　介词后跟____________作时间状语
19　and 连接两个并列谓语动词________和________
20　not only ... but also ... 连接介词of的两个宾语
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US18 , Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and19 was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also20 its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless,
动名词短语
received
was put
21　引导时间状语从句
22　______从句
Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When21he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make22.”
定语
留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。那时候，中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。有人问他：“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答十分坚定：“有什么不能的，外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。”
23　_____状语
24　过去分词短语作______
25　its first man－made satellite的_______
26　引导_________从句
27　technology 的后置定语
Under Qian's leadership23 , China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets24. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man－made satellite, Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ25 , from a Long March rocket. Because26 much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecrafts27 can also be traced back to Qian's research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China's aerospace”．
方式
状语
同位语
原因状语
在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。
28　_____从句
29　other things的_______
Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist28 was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing29. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.
主语
同位语
钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。
30　连接两个__________
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian's death, and30 people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。
并列分句
31　__________从句
32　______从句，修饰disease
Stephen Hawking was one
of the most famous and gifted
scientists in physics. Most people
are familiar with images of him
in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease31which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles32 , his world became one of abstract thought.
原因状语
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT
一个纯思维的世界
定语
史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
33　引导__________从句
34　状语
35　theories的_________
36　_____________从句，解释说明the steady state theory
37　非限制性定语从句，解释说明the big bang theory
38　Fred Hoyle的_______
Hawking first achieved fame when33 he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 196434. In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe35. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end36. The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space37. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge38.
时间状语
后置定语
非限制性定语
同位语
39　______状语
40　引导_____从句
41　引导宾语从句
42　work的__________
During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle's lectures39, Hawking stood up and pointed out that40 Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that41 the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true. Hawking's own work on the big bang theory42 was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born.
时间
宾语
后置定语
霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论：第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终；另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德·霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。
43　“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，Stephen Hawking是____，a genius是名词作_____
44　让步状语从句的省略，从句补充完整为_______________
_________________
45　介词in的______从句
46　宾语从句
47　介词of的宾语从句
48 him的______
So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius43？ Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless44 in what he said or did45. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say46, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about47. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries48.
宾语
宾补
though he was sometimes careless
宾语
宾补
那么，是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成为一名天才呢？除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
(一)填空并连线
第一篇：
阅读领悟
pursue
Shanghai
Beijing
aviation
returned
founded
leadership
first
assistant
rocket
died
第二篇：
Characteristics
fame
(二)高频语法现象
1．状语从句的省略
竣工后，该建筑将提供约130间公寓和一个地下停车场。
_____________, the building will contain about 130 apartments and an underground car park.
2．名词作宾补
长期的努力和个性使他成为一个领导者。
The long－term hard work and personality _________________．
3．which引导非限制性定语从句
他发动了汽车，汽车平稳地发出嗡嗡声。
He started the car, _____________________．
When finished
made him a leader
which hummed smoothly
4．介词后接宾语从句
我不明白他在说些什么。
I couldn't make head nor tail of _________________.
5．名词后跟两个定语
那个开着黑色汽车的年轻人现在是一名体育明星，他的父亲是我们的老师。
The young man __________________________________ is now a sports star.
what he was saying
in a black car whose father is our teacher
(三)问题链
1．What made Qian Xuesen an outstanding and creative scientist according to the text
________________________________________
2．What did Qian and Hawking have in common according to the two passages
______________________________________________________
He was greatly interested in music and drawing.
They were both excellent scientists and made great contributions.
合作探究 课时重点
探究一　热词
1.pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)(教材P7)
pour out 涌出；倒出
pour in 涌入
pour into 朝……里面倒；涌入
pour out one's heart to sb 向某人敞开心扉；倾诉衷肠
①I poured out my thoughts on paper in an attempt to rationalize my feelings.
我将自己的想法倒出，写在纸上以求理顺情绪。
②Letters of complaint continue to pour in.
投诉信纷至沓来。
③A large number of tourists pour into the scenic spot, making it very crowded.
大量的游客涌入景区，使得景区十分拥挤。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She poured ____ her troubles to me over a cup of coffee.
②News, facts and opinions pour ___ from every corner of the world.
【学会表达】翻译
③I used to pour time and energy into projects that were doomed from the start.
_______________________________________________________________
④朋友是那些我们在悲伤之时可以敞开心扉之人。(读后续写之友谊)
__________________________________________________________
out
in
过去我总是将时间和精力投入到一些从一开始就注定要失败的项目上。
Friends are those whom we can pour out our heart to when we're sad.
2.defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解(教材P7)
defence n. 防御；保卫；辩护
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
defend sb/sth/oneself from/against ... 保护某人/某物/自己免受……伤害
①Smith has announced that she will defend herself in the case.
史密斯已宣布她将在此案中为自己辩护。
②While entering a strange yard in that village, you have to defend yourself against the guard dog.
当你进入那个村子里一个陌生的院子时，你必须保护自己不受看门狗的伤害。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①All our officers are trained to defend themselves ____________ knife attacks.
②If cornered, the snake will defend ______ (it).
③Nobody spoke out in his ________ (defend)．
【学会表达】翻译
④她做好了随时保卫家人和国家的准备。
_______________________________________________________________
from/against
itself
defence
She has always been ready to defend not only the family but also the country.
3.gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的(教材P8)
gift n. 礼物；天赋；才能　v. 赠送；(无意中)让(对手)获得
be gifted in (doing) ... 在(做)……方面有天赋
be gifted with ... 天生具备……
①Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic.
有些有天赋的人可能在学校表现不佳，因为他们的天赋不是学术方面的。
②He was gifted with a charming smile.
他有一副迷人的微笑。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She was an accomplished pianist, a superb swimmer, and a _______ (gift) artist.
②Brain is gifted ___ composing; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
【学会表达】翻译
③学校常常不能满足资优学生的需求。
_____________________________________________
gifted
in
Schools often fail to meet the needs of gifted children.
①Why should I say sorry when it's not my fault
不是我的错为什么要我道歉？
②She did not wish to convey that they were all at fault.
她不愿表明他们都有错。
③There was not a single thing about her that one could find fault with.
在她身上找不出一点让别人挑剔的地方。
4.fault n. 弱点；过错(教材P9)
be one's fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错；有责任
find fault with 挑剔，挑……的毛病
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It’s not ___ (he) fault that he's so arrogant—he was born that way.
②He could never accept that he had been ___ fault.
【学会表达】完成句子
③但事实上，并不是你记忆力的问题。
But, in fact, it's not your memory that _________．
④他最喜欢做的事就是找我的茬。
What he likes to do best is __________________．
his
at
is at fault
to find fault with me
1．mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工→mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的
We need a mechanic to do the fix job for this is the oldest working mechanical clock in the world.
我们需要一个机械师来修理，因为这是世界上最古老的仍在运转的机械钟。
2．assistant n. 助理；助手→assist v. 帮助，协助→assistance n. 帮助，援助
Since 1976 he has been operating the shop with the assistance of volunteers while his wife as the assistant to assist him to do ordinary work.
自1976年以来，他一直在志愿者的帮助下经营这家店，而他的妻子作为助理协助他做日常工作。(读后续写之人物描写)
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She couldn't attend the meeting so her _________ (assist) took her place.
②The breakdown was due to a ___________ (mechanic) failure.
【学会表达】翻译
③We need a mechanical digger to level the ground.
_______________________________
④他请求我们协助他完成计划。
_________________________________________
assistant
mechanical
我们需要一台挖掘机来平整土地。
He asked us to assist him in carrying on his plan.
Trace
[熟义]v. 追溯；追踪；查出
[生义]n. ___________________
v. ___________________
痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
绘出，勾画出(轮廓)
①We finally traced him to an address in Chicago.
我们终于追查到他在芝加哥的一个地址。
②It's exciting to discover traces of earlier civilizations.
发现以前文明的遗迹，真令人兴奋。
③He traced the route on the map.
他在地图上勾画出了路线。
【学会运用】同义词替换
①The classic superheroes like Spiderman or Superman trace back to many decades ago._____
【学会表达】翻译
②One day he left, and disappeared without a trace.
_________________________________
③A tear traced a path down her cheek.(读后续写之情绪描写)
________________________________
date
有一天他离开了，消失得无影无踪。
一滴眼泪沿着她的面颊流了下来。
探究二　短语
1.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发(教材P7)
break其他相关短语：
break down (机器或车辆)出毛病，损坏；(讨论、关系或系统)失败，破裂，失灵；感情失控(痛哭起来)
break up (使)分裂；(被)拆分；(使)破碎；(夫妻)结束关系；(会议、聚会)解散
break into 强行进入；闯入
break off 折断；(使)断开；突然中止
break away (from ...) (从……)挣脱；脱开；逃脱
①When hostilities broke out he joined up.
战争爆发后，他参了军。
②We are able to assist motorists whose vehicles break down or are involved in accidents within 20 minutes.
我们可在20分钟内协助车辆出现故障或发生事故的驾驶者。
③The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock.
会议在十一点结束。
④Her house was broken into last week.
她的房子上周被人闯入了。
⑤She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.
她掰了一块巧克力给我。(读后续写之动作描写)
⑥I broke away from him and rushed out into the hall.
我挣脱了他，冲进了大厅。(读后续写之动作描写)
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She broke _____ from the pack and opened up a two－second lead.
②Lee broke ____ a small piece of orange and held it out to him.
③Since war broke ____, the phones at donation centres have been ringing off the hook.
【学会表达】完成句子
④附近没有人可能会看见他试图闯入那所房子。
There was no one nearby who might see him trying to __________________．
⑤因为他那时对我那般友善关心，我情不自禁哭了起来。
Because he was being so kind and concerned,____________________.
away
off
out
break into the house
I broke down and cried
2.come down with 患(病)；染上(小病)(教材P8)
come其他相关短语/表达：
come about 发生；产生
come across 偶然发现；偶然遇见
come up 走近；出现；被提及
come up with 想出，提出(计划、想法等)
come out (书或光盘)出版，发行；露出；显示；结果是
come to life 恢复知觉；苏醒
when it comes to (doing) sth 当提到/涉及(做)某事时
①I think I'm coming down with flu.
我想我得了流感。
②I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.
我偶然发现了一块小空地，立刻注意到枯黄的草与刚下的雪相映成趣。(读后续写之环境描写)
③We've been asked to come up with some new ideas.
我们被要求提出一些新的想法。
④The truth about what happened is beginning to come out.
所发生的事情的真相开始浮出水面。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Never have I come ______ such a difficult problem.
②Keep your eye on these jokers; you never know what they will come up _____.
③We come down _____ illnesses more easily when under stress.
【学会表达】完成句子
④日出之后，这个市镇变得充满生气。
___________________ after sunrise.
⑤提到做生意，各国都有其独特之处。
Each nation has its own peculiarities ___________________________．
⑥这个地方的人很友好——在街上走着就有人上来跟你攀谈。
It's a friendly place—___________________________________________．
across
with
The town came to life
when it comes to doing business
people come up to you in the street and start talking
with
探究三　长难句分析
1.Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(教材P9)
除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。
【分析】　句子主干为he was brave，是“主系表”结构。Besides being brilliant是介词＋动名词短语作状语； though sometimes careless是让步状语从句的省略，补充完整为though he was sometimes careless; what he said or did是介词in的宾语从句。
状语从句省略的条件：
当状语从句的主语是it或者和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词有be动词时，从句的主语和be 动词可以同时省略。
①When asked about his salary, he usually kept silent. (＝When he was asked ...，被动关系)
当被问到他的薪水时，他通常保持沉默。
②While walking down the street，he met his English teacher. (＝When he was walking ...，主动关系)
当他沿着街道走的时候，他遇到了他的英语老师。
③Although young, she is calm and confident on the stage.(＝Although she is young ... )
她虽然年轻，但在舞台上却沉着自信。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①While _______ (visit) the city, they received a warm welcome.
②When ______ (ask) why he was late, he kept silent.
【学会表达】句式升级
③If it is possible, I would like to travel to Europe next year.
→__________, I would like to travel to Europe next year.
visiting
asked
If possible
make sb do的被动形式为sb be made to do。
①Nothing will make me change my mind.
什么也不能使我改变主意。
②Aron couldn't speak Polish， and I made myself understood with difficulty.
阿伦不会说波兰语，我好不容易才使他明白我的意思。
③The movie made her into a star overnight.
这部电影使她一夜成名。
④It's the good weather that makes Spain such a popular tourist destination.
正是好天气使西班牙成为如此受欢迎的旅游目的地。（旅游热点）
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He was so funny that he made us ________（laugh） all through the meal.
②She couldn't make herself ______（hear） above the noise of the traffic.
【学会表达】翻译
③老师的鼓励使我对未来更有信心。
________________________________________________________
④另一方面，摇滚歌手把音乐视为生命。
______________________________________________
laughing
heard
My teacher's encouragement made me more confident of my future.
Rock singers, on the other hand, make music their life.
对点练习 巩固所学
维度一　高频词汇
（一）写出下列单词和短语的英文
1.________ adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
2._______ prep. 除……之外（还）　adv. 而且；此外
3.________ adj. 抽象的；理论上的　n. （文献等的）摘要
4._____ vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
5.______ adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
6._________ 最重要的是；尤其是
brilliant
besides
abstract
pour
vivid
above all
7.___________ 主管；掌管
8.________________ 在……期间
9._________ （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
10.______________ 患（病）；染上（小病）
in charge of
over the course of
break out
come down with
（二）写出下列句子中加黑部分的汉语释义
1.We’re looking for people of all ages who have performed outstanding acts of bravery， kindness， or courage. ________
2.The house is beautiful. Furthermore， it's in a great location. _____
3.The friendly intercourse between our two countries can be traced back to last century.______
4.How can you defend such behaviour？______
5.He was a natural politician， a gifted orator who knew how to work a crowd.
__________
杰出的
此外
追溯
辩解
有天赋的
维度二　语境运用
（三）根据语境填入恰当的内容
1.I was disappointed whenever the cook found fault _____ my work.
2.He used the old trick of attacking in order to defend ________（he）.
3.The Duanwu Festival， also called the Dragon Boat Festival， is to commemorate the _________（patriot） poet Qu Yuan.
4.An ________（assist） sat typing away at a table beside him.
5.They were using a ___________（mechanic） shovel to clear up the street.
with
himself
patriotic
assistant
mechanical
（四）用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的加黑部分
1.The priceless treasures had been thrown into the Nile. _____
2.Global warming is a real problem. ________
3.He moved his gaze from the child to her. _______
4.Get as close to the subject as you can and hold the camera stable._______
5.No payments were made last week because of a computer error._____
cast
concrete
shifted
steady
fault
维度三　能力提升
（五）长难句分析
　Last August， city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.
分析：句子主干是_____________________________，是“主谓宾”结构。Last August是时间状语；to find out是不定式短语作__________，and连接people's attitudes和what引导的______从句，作find out的______。
city officials interviewed residents
目的状语
宾语
宾语
（六）句型转换
1.It is difficult for us to get a clear picture of space because of the dusty air.
→The dusty air _________________________ a clear picture of space.
2.Everyone may have an opinion about what makes a good student.
→_____________________________________， everyone may have an opinion.
makes it difficult for us to get
When it comes to what makes a good student
维度四　素养提升
（七）根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1._________ （最重要的是）， you should often have doctor check your eyesight.
2.He must have ________________________（得了重感冒）， for he has got a sore throat.
3.Thick black smoke was ____________________（从屋顶滚滚冒出）. （读后续写之环境描写）
Above all
come down with a bad cold
pouring out of the roof
（八）翻译
1.约翰不仅喜欢英语，而且说得很好。（not only ... but also ...）
________________________________________________
2.我在打扫我的卧室的时候，突然听到楼下传来一声尖叫。（状语从句的
省略）
____________________________________________________________________
John not only likes English， but also speaks it very well.
While cleaning my bedroom， I heard a scream coming from downstairs suddenly.
课后课时作业（一）
较易题（占比50%）　中档题（占比50%）　拔高题（占比0%）
题号 A B
难度 ★ ★★
阅读
A
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old， his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—to the north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move.
Albert did not like school. The German schools of that time were not pleasant. Students could not ask questions. Albert said he felt as if he were in prison.
In 1905， Albert Einstein published some important papers in a German scientific magazine. They included one of the most important scientific documents in history. It explained what came to be called his “Special Theory of Relativity”. Ten years later he expanded it to a “General Theory of Relativity”.
In 1921， he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. It was given to him not for his theories of relativity， but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.
Albert Einstein left Germany in 1933. He moved to the United States to continue his research. Einstein became a citizen of the United States in 1940.
Einstein was a famous man， but you would not have known that by looking at him. His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes. He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work. Students and friends said he had a way of explaining difficult ideas using images that were easy to understand.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Albert Einstein （阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦）的生平。
Einstein spent the last twenty five years of his life working on what he called a “unified field theory”. He hoped to find a common mathematical statement that could tie together all the different parts of physics. However， he did not succeed.
Albert Einstein died in 1955 at the age of seventy-six.
1.What do we know about Albert Einstein in his childhood？
A.He was very clever.
B.He was curious about new things.
C.He liked talking with people.
D.He was good at inventing new things.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The child was filled with ... the needle to move.”可知，Einstein小时候发现指南针的指针总是指向北方时，他充满了好奇，而且他还向他的父亲和叔叔询问了是什么导致指针移动。由此可推知，Einstein小时候对新事物很好奇。故选B。
2.What's the right order of the following events about Albert Einstein？
a.He became a citizen of the United States.
b.He won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
c.He put forward his “General Theory of Relativity”.
d.He left Germany for the United States.
A.d， b， c， a B.c， b， d， a
C.c， b， a， d D.d， a， c， b
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 1905”和“Ten years later ... to a ‘General Theory of Relativity’.”可知，1915年他提出了他的“广义相对论”；根据第四段中的“In 1921， he won the Nobel Prize in Physics.”可知，1921年，他获得了诺贝尔物理学奖；根据第五段“Albert Einstein left Germany ... of the United States in 1940.”可知，1933年他离开德国去了美国，1940年成为美国公民。由此可知，关于Einstein生平的正确顺序是c， b， d， a。故选B。
3.What can be inferred about Albert Einstein from the passage？
A.Albert Einstein didn't like asking questions at school.
B.Albert Einstein hated school for its strict rules.
C.Albert Einstein's lessons were too difficult to understand.
D.Albert Einstein cared little about how he looked.
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes.（他的白发又长又乱。他穿着旧衣服。）”可推知，Einstein不太关心自己的外表。故选D。
4.What's the passage mainly about？
A.The life story of Albert Einstein.
B.The scientific discoveries of Albert Einstein.
C.Albert Einstein and his theories of relativity.
D.How Albert Einstein won great success in his life.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“Albert Einstein was ... his time alone.（阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦1879年出生于德国。他是个安静的孩子，大部分时间都一个人待着。）”及最后一段“Albert Einstein died in 1955 at the age of seventy－six.（爱因斯坦于1955年去世，享年76岁。）”可知，文章主要讲述了Albert Einstein的生平。故选A。
B
The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi of Massachusetts Institute of Technology， Louis E. Brus of Columbia University， and Alexei I. Ekimov of Nanocrystals Technology Inc. in New York for the discovery and development of quantum dots （量子点）.
The three scientists each contributed to a fundamental discovery， according to officials from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences， which awards several of the prizes each year. The work they've done has already led to new technology in television screens and bio－imaging.
Reached by phone during a press conference early Wednesday morning， Bawendi offered a stream of reactions： “Shocked. Sleepy. Very unexpected. And very honored.”
In a rare event， the winners' names were leaked to the Swedish media before the official announcement. But Bawendi said he'd been sound asleep， so he didn't hear anything about it.
Quantum dots are particles （粒子） that are so incredibly small that their size actually starts to affect their properties. For example， blue quantum dots and red quantum dots can be made from the exact same material， with the only difference being the size of the particle itself. （The blue quantum dots are smaller than red ones.）
In fact， changing the size can alter （改变） many different properties beyond just color， which means that quantum dots could be useful for a variety of applications， including building better solar panels and perhaps even creating fuel by using sunlight.
The three scientists will share the prize money of 11 million Swedish kronor （close to $995，000） in equal parts. This is the third science－focused Nobel Prize to be awarded the week. On Tuesday， the physics prize was awarded to Anne L' Huillier， Pierre Agostini and Ferenc Krausz. And on Monday， Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman won the prize in physiology or medicine.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了2023年诺贝尔化学奖的获得者的研究以及其他奖项的获得情况。
Officials announced the literature prize on Thursday， followed by the peace prize on Friday. The economics prize was awarded on Monday.
5.How did Bawendi feel when receiving the call early Wednesday morning？
A.Angry. B.Surprised.
C.Bored. D.Sorry.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Shocked. Sleepy. Very unexpected. And very honored.”可知，在周三清晨接到电话时，Bawendi （巴文迪）感到惊讶。故选B。
6.What causes the difference in color between blue quantum dots and red ones？
A.The size of the particles.
B.The difference in materials.
C.The change in shapes.
D.The variety of applications.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“For example ... the particle itself.（例如，蓝色量子点和红色量子点可以由完全相同的材料制成，唯一的区别是粒子本身的大小。）”可知，粒子的大小导致了蓝色量子点和红色量子点之间颜色的差异。故选A。
7.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 7 refer to？
A.The 2023 Nobel Prize in physics.
B.The 2023 Nobel Prize in medicine.
C.The 2023 Nobel Prize in literature.
D.The 2023 Nobel Prize in chemistry.
解析：指代判断题。根据第一段内容及画线词前的“The three scientists ... in equal parts.”可知，2023年诺贝尔化学奖被授予三位科学家，他们将平分1，100万瑞典克朗（接近995，000美元）的奖金。This指的是2023年诺贝尔化学奖。故选D。
8.What is the text？
A.A short story. B.A diary entry.
C.A news report. D.A research article.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容并结合文章介绍了他们的研究以及其他奖项的获得情况可推知，本文是一篇新闻报道。故选C。
1.expand/Ik?sp?nd/v. 扩大；扩展
2.effect/I?fekt/n. 影响；效果
3.fundamental/?f?nd ?mentl/adj. 基本的；根本的
4.shocked/??kt/adj. 震惊的；惊愕的
5.be awarded to 授予；判给
6.a variety of 各种各样的
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
With the start of new school， freshmen of Hendersonville High School in Nashville were excited to meet new classmates and teachers. Among them， however， 15－year－old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born. Going to a new school and being “different” is always scary. Sergio was particularly concerned with what his classmates would think of him.
读后续写
Sergio's parents had trained him to use his left hand from an early age. As he grew up， he was used to not using his right hand. He could write with his left one and do some things with special tricks or techniques. Despite this， in the first days of new school， Sergio always felt like hiding his underdeveloped right hand in his sleeve as if nobody would ever find out if he did so.
It didn't take long for someone to learn Sergio's secret. Jeff Wilkins， the teacher of Sergio's engineering class， figured out that Sergio was missing part of his hand and decided to do something for the new student. Jeff had been leading a robotics project in the school and expert in 3D printing technology. Besides， he hoped to take advantage of this hands－on chance to help his robotics students learn more about engineering and how building a robotic hand worked.
So in his class， Jeff announced with great enthusiasm， “You're supposed to be engineering， coming up with new ideas and solving issues. Now Sergio needs a new hand， so we'll work together to build Sergio a robotic hand.” His words fueled everyone's curiosity and creativity.
For the next four weeks， Jeff and his class including Sergio worked on the project. After some precise measurements and researches， the class put forward a design draft. Jeff made a few adjustments and gave them some practical suggestions. With access to online models and a 3D printer， they eventually created a robotic hand， which was intended to look good and work well， like catching something.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Then came the final testing day.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
The life－changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
1.Read for characters （人物）
Sergio Peralta， Sergio's parents， ____________， classmates
2.Read for conflict/problems （冲突/问题）
Sergio's right hand had never fully ________ since he was born and he was particularly _________ with what his classmates would think of him.
5R解读故事
Jeff Wilkins
formed
concerned
3.Read for plot （情节）
afraid
underdeveloped
help
curiosity
creativity
robotic hand
4.Read for emotional changes （情感变化）
At first， Sergio Peralta felt ________ and concerned due to his different right hand among other students； then he _______ joined in the project which showed his __________.
5.Read for theme （主题）
Good deeds warm the heart.
nervous
actively
enthusiasm
Step 1：先写最后一句（主题句）
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2：再写衔接句（第一段的最后一句）
__________________________________________________________
Soon voluntary donations poured in, which would go to the school's scientific
research and help students develop better.
Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand！
4步确定框架
Step 3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
Everyone is ________ about whether the robotic hand can work well on Sergio's body. Sergio is __________ for his new right hand.
第二段：
Jeff and his students are _______ and they consider helping Sergio is ________.
anxious
emotional
happy
worthy
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
The whole class _________ in the science classroom， __________breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self－made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm. Successfully he _____________ the baseball on the desk and everyone present broke into cheers！
第二段：
Jeff said， “Meanwhile， I hope to __________________________ through this hands－on operation.” His students stated that Jeff challenged them to ________________
__________________， from which they benefited greatly.
gathered
watching
foster students' scientific spirit
transform abstract concepts into reality
caught hold of
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Sergio Peralta （塞尔吉奥·佩拉尔塔）由于先天性的手部残疾而对高中第一天开学感到非常紧张。他的老师Jeff Wilkins （杰夫·威尔金斯）关注到了Sergio的情况，决定利用3D技术给他打造一只“新手”。在全班同学的共同努力下，“新手”的测试结果怎么样？这给Sergio的生活带来了怎样的改变？
[精彩范文]
Then came the final testing day. The whole class gathered in the science classroom， watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm. It fitted quite well！ So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly. Having put a baseball on the desk， Jeff signed to Sergio to pick it up. Slowly， Sergio extended his right hand and reached for the ball. Successfully he caught hold of it and everyone present broke into cheers！ Holding the ball， Sergio couldn't contain his tears. Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand！
The life－changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention. Jeff and his students became an instant hit and various media competed to cover the news. When interviewed about the intention of the project， Jeff said， “I intended Sergio's robotic hand to show our support for him. Meanwhile， I hope to foster students' scientific spirit through this hands-on operation.” His students stated that Jeff challenged them to transform abstract concepts into reality， from which they benefited greatly. Soon voluntary donations poured in， which would go to the school's scientific research and help students develop better.
情节逻辑（范文和自己想的有何不同）
语言表达（原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确） 1.
2.
3.
课后课时作业（二）
较易题（占比30%）　中档题（占比70%）　拔高题（占比0%）
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ　阅读
Edwin Hubble made his most important discoveries in the 1920s. Today， other astronomers continue the work he began. Many of them are using the Hubble Space Telescope that is named after him.
Edwin Powell Hubble was born in 1889 in Marshfield， Missouri. He spent his early years in the state of Kentucky. Then he moved with his family to Chicago， in Louisville. He attended the University of Chicago. He studied mathematics and astronomy. Hubble was a good student. He was a good athlete， too. He was a member of the University of Chicago championship basketball team in 1909. He also was an excellent boxer. Several people urged him to train for the world heavyweight boxing championship after college. Instead， he decided to continue his studies. He went to Queen's College at Oxford， England.
At Oxford， Hubble studied law. He was interested in British Common Law， because his family had come to America from England many years before. He spent three years at Oxford. In 1913， Hubble returned to the United States. He opened a law office in Louisville， Kentucky. After a short time， however， he decided he did not want to be a lawyer. He returned to the University of Chicago. There， once again， he studied astronomy. Edwin Hubble was the first person to use the Hale Telescope. He died in 1953 while preparing to spend four nights looking through the telescope at the sky. 　
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了科学家Edwin Hubble （埃德温·哈勃）的成长和学习经历，直到最后从事天文学研究的过程。
Hubble's work led to new researches on the birth of the universe. One astronomer said scientists have been filling in the details ever since. And， he said， there is a long way to go.
1.According to this passage， what was Edwin Hubble most interested in？
A.Sports. B.Law.
C.Astronomy. D.Mathematics.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He studied mathematics and astronomy. （他学习数学和天文学。）”和第三段中的“There， once again， he studied astronomy.（在那里，他再次学习了天文学。）”可推知，他对天文学最感兴趣。故选C。
2.Why did Edwin Hubble return to the University of Chicago？
A.Because he was interested in British Common Law.
B.Because he was eager to be a famous judge in future.
C.Because his parents had been to Britain a few years before.
D.Because he wanted to go on with the study of astronomy.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He returned to ... he studied astronomy.”可知，他回到芝加哥大学的目的是继续学习天文学。故选D。
3.Which of the following is the RIGHT order according to this passage？
a.He joined the University of Chicago championship basketball team.
b.He studied astronomy at the University of Chicago once again.
c.He moved to Louisville with his family.
d.He used the Hale Telescope to look at the sky.
e.He became a lawyer in Louisville for a short period of time.
A.c， a， b， d， e B.a， c， b， e， d
C.c， a， e， b， d D.a， b， d， e， c
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Then he moved with his family to Chicago， in Louisville.”和“He was a member of ... in 1909.”，第三段中的“He opened a law office in Louisville， Kentucky.”，“He returned to ... he studied astronomy.”和“Edwin Hubble was the first person to use the Hale Telescope.”可知，Hubble先是随家人搬到路易斯维尔的芝加哥，然后在芝加哥大学加入了篮球队，之后他做了一段时间的律师，然后又重返芝加哥大学学习天文学，最后他成为第一个使用海尔望远镜的人。故选C。
4.What can we know from this passage？
A.The Hubble Space Telescope was made by Hubble himself.
B.Edwin Powell Hubble went to Oxford， England in 1910.
C.Edwin Powell Hubble grew up in Marshfield， Missouri.
D.Hubble died while he was looking at the sky.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He spent three years ... the United States. （他在牛津待了三年。1913年，哈勃回到了美国。）”可知，他于1910年去了英国牛津。故选B。
Ⅱ　七选五
The age range between about 13 and 19 is an important time in an individual's life. 　1　 While you are a teenager， many exciting opportunities for success are given to you. Taking on the right amount of responsibility and independence can push you towards becoming a successful teenager.
First， participate in extra－curricular activities. Schools give students opportunities for staying active. Pick an activity that appeals to you such as athletics， academic clubs， or special－interest clubs. Extra－curricular activities build character through team work， time－management， and competition. Don't be too worried if you aren't very good at what you like， for the important thing is passion. 　2　
Besides， volunteer. 　3　 Meanwhile， volunteering can teach you job－related skills such as responsibility or time－management. Some schools also reward the learning aspect of volunteer work with credit hours. If you are interested in college， volunteering makes you much more appealing during the application process.
Third， use your summer for academic programs. Getting a head start at college could mean sacrificing your summer vacation. Various universities offer programs for future college students based on interests such as journalism， photography， art， sports， etc. 　4　 Research different programs and then figure out which one is the best choice for you. Check the requirements and deadlines. Avoid getting into trouble because of a simple mistake， and you will have a great time.
Finally， know when to ask for help and advice. Being responsible and independent does not mean being alone. 　5　 So， seek advice from parents， older siblings， advisors at work， teachers， or someone whom you trust. Opening up channels of communication at a young age is a great habit for success.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何成为一名成功的青少年提出了四条建议。
A.Make sure your maturity level and interests are leveled.
B.Making and meeting goals can motivate you to progress.
C.Huge steps are taken within that period.
D.They give teenagers the chance to earn college credits.
E.Offering help is a symbol of kindness.
F.It will drive you to put in your best effort.
G.Taking on new tasks and meeting goals will be hard work. 　
1.答案：C
解析：根据上文“The age range ... in an individual's life.”以及下文“While you are a ... success are given to you.”可知，此处应该讲述青少年时期，对人生影响巨大。C项（在这段时间内，青少年会迈出巨大的步伐。）符合语境。故选C。
2.答案：F
解析：根据上文“Don't be too worried ... important thing is passion.”可知，此处在讲述激情的重要性。F项中的It指代上文中的passion，且F项（它会驱使你全力以赴。）承接上文。故选F。
3.答案：E
解析：根据上文“Besides， volunteer.（此外，去做志愿者。）”可知，该段主要讲述的是志愿帮助。E项（提供帮助是善良的象征。）符合语境。故选E。
4.答案：D
解析：根据上文“Various universities offer ... art， sports， etc.”可知，大学为学生提供了各种预备课程，这些课程能够帮助学生。D项（它们给青少年获得大学学分的机会。）中的They指代上文中的各项课程，符合语境。故选D。
5.答案：G
解析：根据下文“So， seek advice from parents ... or someone whom you trust.”可知，青少年在遇到困难时，可以向他人求助。G项（接受新任务和实现目标将是艰苦的工作。）引出下文，且与下文构成因果关系。故选G。
Ⅲ　应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack发邮件称其想要了解中国的科学家，请你给他回一封邮件，向他介绍科学家屠呦呦，内容包括：
1.简要介绍屠呦呦；
2.她对你的影响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：青蒿素 artemisinin； 疟疾 malaria
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Dear Jack，
I'm glad to know that you are interested in Chinese great scientists. I'll introduce to you my favourite scientist， Tu Youyou.
Tu Youyou devoted most of her time to finding the cure for malaria. In 2015， she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering artemisinin， which is the key to the treatment of malaria. Behind her success were numerous failures and setbacks， but never did she give up. Inspired by her story， I decided to study harder so as to realise my dream.
I hope her story can also have a positive effect on you.
Yours，
Li Hua
单元写作
单元写作——介绍一位科学家
本单元的话题是科学和科学家，通过本单元的学习，学会写一篇介绍科学家的文章。此类文章属于人物介绍，是记叙文的写作范畴。写作时要围绕人物选取材料，因此选材要有代表性，要选择人物的突出成就或能够彰显人物性格特点的事迹进行介绍，做到主题鲜明、内容清晰、简明扼要、重点突出。另外还要注意所选材料的客观性与真实性，不要言过其实。
1.人物介绍一般包括以下几点：
（1）出生年月和出生地点；
（2）主要经历、事迹和成就；
（3）影响和评价。
2.叙述方法：一般按照时间顺序，从科学家的人生经历到创造性的贡献等作出介绍，最后是结论性的评价。
3.人称和时态：通常使用第三人称。如果叙述的是发生在过去的事情，常用一般过去时；若叙述当前的情况，常用一般现在时；对未来的展望则常用一般将来时。
Of so many famous scientists all over the world， I admire 　　　　 （名字） most.
Born on 　　　　 （时间） in 　　　　 （地点）， he/she was from 　　　　 （家庭）. Having graduated from 　　　　 （学校）， he/she was sent to work as 　　　　 （职业）. He/She began his/her research in 　　　　 （领域）. He/She is honored as 　　　　 （成就）. Famous as he/she is， he/she cares little 　　　　 （品格及评价）.
His/Her great contribution to human beings and his/her noble personality impressed me deeply.
1.Born in 1920， she was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.
她出生于1920年，是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
2.Professor Green， known to the world as a scientist， is not only diligent but also warm hearted.
格林教授是一位闻名世界的科学家，他不仅勤勉，而且热心。
3.He is a well－known scientist whose theories have changed the world.
他是一位著名的科学家，他的理论改变了世界。
※开头常用句式
1.Behind her success were numerous failures and setbacks， but never did she give up.
她成功的背后是无数的失败和挫折，但她从未放弃。
2.He devoted his whole life to his country and people， and even to the world.
他把他的一生献给了他的国家和人民，甚至献给了世界。
3.As a top scientist in the world， he/she lived a very simple life， but his/her contributions were invaluable to the field of science.
作为世界顶尖的科学家，他/她过着非常简朴的生活，但他/她对科学领域的贡献是非常宝贵的。
※主体段落常用句式
4.He/She was an admirable man/woman who displayed the characteristics of wisdom， strength and courage.
他/她是一位令人钦佩的男士/女士，展现出了智慧、力量和勇气。
5.He actively promoted the spread of scientific ideas about matters such as morality， who is the person with willingness to serve the country.
他积极地推动诸如道德之类的科学观念的传播，是一个愿意为国家服务的人。
6.She dedicates her time， knowledge and wisdom to her students and to future scientists from all over the world who come to study with her.
她为她的学生以及世界各国来向她求学的未来科学家们奉献出自己的时间、知识和智慧。
1.Inspired by her story， I decided to study harder so as to realise my dream.
受到她的故事的鼓舞，我决定更加努力学习，以实现我的梦想。
2.This is an age not only of great science； it is an age of great scientists.
这不仅是一个伟大的科学时代；也是一个伟大的科学家时代。
3.She has fulfilled her role in her career and set a shining example to the younger generations.
她在事业上履行了自己的职责，并为年轻一代树立了光辉的榜样。
※结尾常用句式
假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚笔友Jenny来信，让你介绍一位你最崇拜的中国科学家，请你根据下列表格中的内容提示给她写一封回信。
姓名 梁建英 出生年份 1972年
职务 中国高铁总设计师 主要经历 1.1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作； 2.研制出时速300～350公里高速动车组； 3.2015年获奖。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：高速动车组high－speed EMU
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Dear Jenny，
The Chinese scientist I admire most is Liang Jianying， general designer of the China high－speed EMU.
Liang Jianying was born in 1972. Since she graduated from university in 1995， she has been devoting all her time to researching into the development of the China high-speed railway. Afterwards， she invented the 300－350 km/h high-speed EMU， making it more convenient for us to get around quickly. It is because of her outstanding contributions to our country that China is playing a leading role in high－speed railways all over the world. As a consequence， she was awarded in 2015.
Liang Jianying has set a good example for us. From her， I realize that we should keep on trying until we realise our dreams.
Yours，
Li Hua