英语 选择性必修 第二册 RJ
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
——Building up your vocabulary——
一、构词法
Affix （prefix/suffix） 含义 例词
de－ 离开；向下 departure； depress； deny； decrease； decline
ex－ 向外；出去 expose； export； exclude； exit； express
co－ 共同；一起 cooperate； coexistence； collaborate； correlation
be－ 使……成为 behave； become； believe； behalf； because
－ation 行为；结果 qualification； adaptation； presentation； motivation； expectation
－en 使成为；使具有……特性 strengthen； broaden； citizen； darken； golden
－fy ……化；使成为…… qualify； satisfy； simplify； diversify； beautify
－ous ……的；有……性质的 ambitious； tremendous； dangerous； delicious； precious
二、动词＋介词
1.请在词云图中选出本单元已学过的六个动词，并与它们搭配的介词组成词块
①engage in ②participate in
③speak up ④qualify ... for
⑤involve ... in ... ⑥adapt to ...
2.选用上面的词块完成下列句子
①Despite being rejected so many times， I still applied for any job that I was qualified for.
②Try to find humour in life and engage in activities that make you laugh.
③It would be difficult not to involve the child's father in the arrangements.
④To survive in that sort of environment， animals have to evolve to adapt to their surroundings.
——Discovering useful structures——
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1.culture shock 文化冲击
2.zone n. （有别于周围的）地区；地带；区域
3.comfort zone 舒适区；舒适范围
4.homesickness n. 思乡病；乡愁
5.insight n. 洞察力；眼光
6.departure n. 离开；启程；出发
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1.motivate vt. 成为……的动机；激发；激励
2.expectation n. 期望；预期；期待
3.applicant n. 申请人
4.expose vt. 使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于（险境）
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换（可查字典）
1.overwhelming adj. 无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的→overwhelm vt. 压倒；淹没；难以禁受
2.advisor n. 顾问→advise v. 通知，告知；劝告，建议→advisable adj. 明智的，可取的
3.reasonable adj. 有道理的；合情理的→reason n. 原因，理由
4.firm n. 公司；商行；事务所 adj. 结实的；牢固的；坚定的→firmly adv. 坚固地，牢固地；强而有力地；坚决地
四、核心短语：写出英语表达
fall in love with 爱上
找出下列句子中的名词性从句并分类
1.What is important in study is diligence rather than intelligence.
What is important in study；主语从句
2.The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race；宾语从句
3.This is a fact that holidays are a major test of any relationship.
that holidays are a major test of any relationship；同位语从句
4.My family insisted that I should not give in， but stay and fight.
that I should not give in， but stay and fight；宾语从句
5.I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you.
that he should be so rude to you；宾语从句
6.I am worried about whether I can finish it on time.
whether I can finish it on time；宾语从句
7.He looks as though he hasn't had a square meal for weeks.
as though he hasn't had a square meal for weeks；表语从句
8.Before the truth was revealed， all people were convinced that he was innocent.
that he was innocent；宾语从句
探究一 热词
1.motivate vt. 成为……的动机；激发；激励（教材P16）
·motivated adj. 积极的；主动的 ·motivation n. 动力；积极性；动机 be motivated by 受……驱使；被……所激励 motivate sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 highly motivated 积极性高的 motivation for （doing） sth （做）某事的动机
①It is generally accepted that people are motivated by success.
人们普遍认为，成功催人奋进。
②I don't want to be missing out， and that motivates me to get up and do something every day.
我可不想错过，这激励我每天起床做点什么。
③Most people said that pay was their main motivation for working.
大多数人说获得报酬是他们工作的主要动机。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He is genuinely motivated by a desire to help people.
②Teaching is all about motivating people to learn （learn）.
【学会表达】翻译
③我认为对世界的好奇是学习的最大动力。
I think that being curious about the world is the greatest motivation for learning.
④在学习英语的过程中，我们应该保持动力去实现我们的目标。
In the course of learning English， we should stay motivated to achieve our goals.
2.expectation n. 期望；预期；期待（教材P17）
·expect vt. 期待；预料 ·expected adj. 预料的，预期的 ·unexpected adj. 出乎意料的，始料不及的 expectations of ... 对……的期望 with expectations 满怀期待 live up to/come up to/meet one's expectations 不辜负某人的期望，如某人所愿 contrary to/against/beyond expectations 出乎意料；超出预期 in （the） expectation of ... 预计会有……，期待…… expect （ ... ） to do sth 期待/预计（……）做某事 expect＋that 从句 预料……
①Instead of living up to the expectations of others， what we should do is asking ourselves what we really want.
我们应该做的是问问自己我们真正想要的是什么，而不是去达成他人的期待。
②The beauty of the West Lake in spring is beyond his expectations.
西湖的春日美景出乎他的意料。（旅游景点）
③You can't expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.
不要指望在几个月内就能学会一门外语。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①I applied for the post more in hope than expectation （expect）.
②We are in momentary expectation of the arrival of you.
【学会表达】翻译
③在这里见到你真好，实在是没想到！
How lovely to see you here—this really is an unexpected pleasure！
④我真期待晚上能有点自己的时间。
I do expect to have some time to myself in the evenings.
3.applicant n. 申请人（教材P17）
·apply vt. 应用，运用 vi.& vt. 申请 ·application n. 应用，运用；申请；申请表 applicant for ... ……的申请人 job applicant 求职者 apply （ ... ） to ... （把……）应用于…… apply to do sth 申请做某事 apply （to ...） for ... （向……）申请…… an application form 一份申请表
①The job applicant must have good verbal skills.
求职者必须具有良好的语言表达技能。（应用文写作之招募启事）
②Those who continuously acquire new knowledge that they can apply to their work are more likely to succeed.
那些不断获取新知识并将其运用于他们的工作的人更有可能成功。
③（全国乙卷）There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.
申请英国大学和学院食品课程的学生人数有所增加。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①There were over 500 applicants （apply） for the job.
②Students apply for admission to a particular college.
【学会表达】翻译
③如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。（应用文写作之申请信）
It would be highly appreciated if you could take my application into account.
④得知会议即将召开，我写信申请参加。（应用文写作之申请信）
Knowing that the meeting will be held around the corner， I am writing to apply to attend it.
4.expose vt. 使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于（险境）（教材P17）
·exposure n. 接触；体验；暴露；揭露 ·exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的 expose sb/sth/oneself to ... 使某人/某物/自己暴露于……之下；使某人/某物/自己接触…… exposure to 暴露；接触
①She was left feeling exposed and vulnerable.
她感到自己孤立无助，非常脆弱。
②Using Wi－Fi in a public place such as a hotel， cafe or bar can expose your data to a network which is not secure.
使用酒店、咖啡馆或酒吧等公共场所的无线网络会把你的数据暴露在不安全的网络中。（网络安全）
③She gradually became deaf after lengthy exposure to noise in the workplace.
由于长期暴露在工作场所的噪音中，她逐渐失聪了。（读后续写之人物描写）
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Many students choose to study abroad for they want to expose themselves to another culture.
②Daniel's early exposure （expose） to motor racing did not excite his interest.
【学会表达】完成句子
③听太多嘈杂的音乐已经给一些青少年造成了听力问题。
Being exposed to loud music too much has caused hearing problems in some teenagers.
④油漆因受雨淋而脱落了。
The paint came off as a result of exposure to the rain.
探究二 复习名词性从句
名词性从句
类型 功能 语序 it 引导词 that省略
主语从句 充当主语 陈述语序 作形式主语 连词 连接代词 连接副词 不可省
表语从句 充当表语 一般不省
宾语从句 充当宾语 作形式宾语 可省
同位语从句 充当同位语 一般不省
名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在整个句子中的作用相当于名词，故将它们统称为名词性从句。在名词性从句中，连词（that、whether、if等）一般只起连接作用，在句中不作成分；连接代词（who、what、which、whom 等）常作主语、宾语、表语等，而连接副词（when、where、how、why 等）常作状语，表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。
语法点1 主语从句
用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
（1）that引导主语从句时一般不省略
That she finished reading an English novel surprised us all.
她读完了一部英文小说让我们大吃一惊。
（2）it作形式主语
有时可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句置于句末。用it 作形式主语的常见结构有：
It be＋名词（词组）＋that 从句，常见的名词（词组）有：fact， pity， shame， question， common knowledge等。
①It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
英语正在被人们接受为一种国际语言，这是一个事实。
②It is common knowledge that swimming is one of the best forms of exercise.
大家都知道游泳是最好的锻炼方式之一。
It be ＋形容词 ＋ that从句，常见的形容词有：natural， important， strange， unclear， uncertain等。
①It is natural that mothers love their children.
母亲爱自己的孩子是天生的。
②It is strange that he should go in the opposite direction.
真奇怪，他竟然朝相反的方向走了。
在“It is necessary/important/essential＋that ...”结构中从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。 It is essential that you （should） have some experience. 你必须得有些经验。
It be ＋ 过去分词 ＋that 从句，常见的过去分词有：announced， believed， reported， said， proved等。
①It is reported that some modern monks are using computers.
有报道说有些现代和尚在使用计算机。
②It has been proved that pride goes before a fall.
事实证明骄兵必败。
其他常用it作形式主语代替that从句的句型：
It doesn't matter that ... ……是无关紧要的
It makes no difference that ... ……没有影响
It occurs/strikes/hits sb that ... 某人突然想到/意识到……
it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或 whether 引导均可，但如果后置的主语从句的引导词后面接 or not 时，只能用whether。
单句语法填空
①What I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me.
②It is a pity that their performance in this big event didn't live up to our expectations.
③Whether teachers can be replaced by AI is discussed on the newspaper.
④When the new road is open to traffic hasn't been made clear.
⑤Whom they are going to invite is uncertain.
语法点2 表语从句
用作表语的从句叫表语从句，由连词（that， whether， as if， as though， because），连接代词（what/whatever， which/whichever， who/whoever， whom， whose）和连接副词（when， where， why， how）引导。
（1）if不能引导表语从句
（2）that引导表语从句时不能省略
My advice is that you （should） go to apologize to him.
我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。
（3）as if/though引导表语从句
as if/though 意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词（seem， appear， look， taste， sound， feel， smell 等）之后。若表语从句所陈述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所陈述的是事实或是极有可能发生的情况，则从句用陈述语气。
①When a pencil is partly in a glass of water， it looks as if it were broken. （虚拟语气）
当铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看起来好像折断了似的。
②You look as though you are friends. （陈述语气）
你们看起来像是朋友。
（4）其他常见的表语从句
This/That is/was why ... （表示结果）“这/那就是……的原因”（why 引导表语从句）
Tom overslept this morning. That is why he was late for work.
汤姆今天早晨睡过头了。那是他上班迟到的原因。
The reason why ... is/was that ... （表示原因）“……的原因是……”（why 引导定语从句，that 引导表语从句）
The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus.
他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车。
系动词之后统称表语，所以找到系动词就找到表语了。常见系动词如下，数量不多，务必背记： ①表示状态：be， seem， appear， keep， remain， stay， stand， lie， sit， continue ②表示变化：become， get， turn， grow， go， come， fall， run ③表示感知：feel， look， sound， smell，taste， touch ④表示结果：prove， turn out 其中除了be，其他皆兼有实义动词的用法，需注意辨别。
完成句子
①问题仍然是他们能否帮助我们。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
②我的建议是立即开始这项工作。
My suggestion is that the work （should） be started at once.
③修理屋顶的时间是在阳光灿烂的时候。
The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
④他担心她是否能从这场手术中恢复。
All he's worried about is whether she can recover from this surgery.
⑤问题是谁来处理这个棘手的问题。
The question is who will handle the tough problem.
语法点3 宾语从句
用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
（1）that 引导宾语从句时，常被省略，但下列情况下 that 不能省略：
动词后有多个 that 引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个 that 可省略，其余的 that 不可省略。
He said （that） the book was very interesting and that all the children liked to read it.
他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。
宾语从句前有插入语时：
We hope， on the contrary， that he will stay at home with us.
恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。
that 引导的宾语从句位于句首时：
That he will come， I believe.
我相信他会来。
（2）一般情况下介词后常用 wh－类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只能用 whether，不能用 if。
Everything depends on whether you agree with us.
一切取决于你跟我们意见是否一致。
（3）it作形式宾语
宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是在下列用法中，常用到形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。
动词 find/feel/think/make/consider 等＋it＋宾补＋从句
He thinks it important that we try to do some housework after school.
他认为我们放学后尝试做一些家务是重要的。
动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy 等＋it＋从句
①I don't like it that he's so lazy.
我不喜欢他那么懒惰。
②We would appreciate it if you can come here.
如果你能来这里我们将非常感激。
动词短语 see to ＋it＋从句
Would you see to it that she gets home early？
你负责保证她早点到家，好吗？
固定搭配 take it for granted that 认为……理所当然/owe it to sb that ... 把……归功于……
We owe it to you that there wasn't a serious accident.
多亏了你，才没有发生严重事故。
（4）大多数及物动词（短语）后都可以跟宾语从句，需注意的是：
在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that 引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
①I'm sorry you feel that way， but my mother insists that he （should） come.
我很抱歉你有这样的感觉，但我妈妈坚持要他来。
②I suggested that he （should） study harder.
我建议他更加努力学习。
（5）doubt用于否定句或疑问句时，其后用 that 引导宾语从句；用于肯定句时，其后用 whether或if引导宾语从句。
①I never doubted that she would come.
我十分肯定她会来。
②I doubt whether/if the new one will be much better.
我不确定这个新的是否会好很多。
翻译
①她要求向她报告有关情况。
She asked that she （should） be kept informed.
②他问老板是否能请一天假。
He asked the boss whether he could have a day off.
③我发现音乐会的票已经卖完了。
I found out that all the tickets for the concert had been sold out.
④我们应该调查发生了什么事情，哪里出了问题。
We should investigate what happened and what went wrong.
⑤我认为我们保持冷静是很重要的。
I think it important that we should keep calm.
语法点4 同位语从句（仅了解）
用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句
（1）可跟同位语从句的名词
belief 信念；hope 希望；opinion 观点；wish 愿望；question 问题；doubt 怀疑；idea 主意；possibility 可能性；truth 事实；promise诺言；explanation 解释；news消息；thought 想法；fact 事实；problem 问题
（2）同位语从句的引导词
同位语从句常用 that， whether， why， where， how，when 等引导，还可使用 what， who， whose， which 等；if一般不引导同位语从句。that 和 whether 在从句中不作成分，that 无实际意义，whether表示“是否”。其他引导词具有实际意义，同时在同位语从句中作一定的成分。同位语从句的引导词一般都不省略。
①The report that he was going to resign was false.
他打算辞职的报道是假的。
②There's some doubt whether John will come on time.
不确定约翰是否会按时到来。
③The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该做这项工作的问题需要考虑。
（3）同位语从句中需要注意的问题
在suggestion， advice， request， order，demand，requirement 等意为“建议、要求、命令”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，should 可以省略。
①He agreed with my suggestion that we （should） change the date.
他同意我提出的更改日期的建议。
②I followed his advice that I （should） finish my homework before supper.
我听从了他关于我应该在晚饭前做完作业的建议。
完成句子
①毫无疑问，这位申请人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人交流。
There is no doubt that the advantage of the applicant lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
②有消息说史密斯一家搬去了芝加哥。
Word came that the Smiths moved to Chicago.
维度一 高频词汇
（一）写出下列词缀的含义及例词
1.－ation→行为；结果→adaptation； presentation； qualification； motivation
2.－fy→……化；使成为……→beautify； qualify； satisfy； simplify
3.ex－ →向外；出去→express； export； expose； exclude
4.－ous→……的；有……性质的→ambitious； tremendous； precious； dangerous
（二）选词填空
motivated， applicant， expectation， exposure， firm
1.It had been a success far beyond their expectations.
2.This book will give your students a firm grasp of English grammar.
3.I largely work with people who already are motivated.
4.How many applicants did you have for the job？
5.Even a brief exposure to radiation is very dangerous.
维度二 语法运用
（三）单句语法填空
1.The reason why Mary wouldn't like to go out today is that she doesn't feel well.
2.It was not certain whether/if he would pass the final exam.
3.None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
4.That our team had won first prize made us very happy.
5.I believe you have done your best and that everything will go well.
维度三 素养提升
（四）根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1.Many foreign tourists fall in love with China （爱上了中国） the first time they pay a visit to this great country.
2.Before you start your trip， study the map to be/get familiar with （熟悉） the area you are going to.
3.Stepping out of your comfort zone （走出你的舒适区） will give you a sense of achievement and help your self－belief.
（五）翻译
1.她所担心的只有他是否都好。（表语从句）
All she's worried about is whether he is all right.
2.他发现乡村的生活节奏慢。（宾语从句）
He found that life moved slowly in the countryside.
课后课时作业
较易题（占比70%） 中档题（占比30%） 拔高题（占比0%）
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 完形填空
Today was another enlightening day at my new American school. Back in China， lunchtime is a 1 hour. We eat， talk， and most importantly， take a short nap to 2 for the afternoon. This relaxing routine of our midday break allowed for a 3 escape from the day's demands. But here？ It's like a 4 against the clock.
The bell rang， and everyone 5 to the cafeteria. I followed， naively （天真地） thinking I'd have 6 time to eat and perhaps even close my eyes for a moment. However， I barely had time to finish my sandwich before the next bell hit. Where did the time go？
And the nap？ Forget about it. There's no 7 for that comfort here. In China， we have these cozy mats in the classroom for our post－lunch rest. But in America， the 8 of napping in school seems as 9 to them as the absence of a nap is to me.
At first， I felt quite sleepy in the afternoon classes. I 10 that brief break we get in China. But then I noticed something. Even without the nap， my classmates were hardly tired. Perhaps they're used to this fast schedule， or maybe they 11 on pure youthful energy. Who knows？
I'm beginning to 12 that life here is simply faster. People eat 13 ， converse rapidly， and shift swiftly. It's a（n） 14 with the lifestyle back in China， but perhaps it's not harmful， just another 15 of life.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以午休为例，对比了中国和美国学校不同的生活方式。
1.A.cherished B.productive
C.fixed D.secure
答案：A
解析：cherished 珍贵的；productive 多产的；fixed 固定的；secure 稳固的。根据后文“This relaxing routine of our midday break”可知，中国午餐时间可以放松，是珍贵的时光。故选A。
2.A.fight B.recharge
C.settle D.evaluate
答案：B
解析：fight 战斗；recharge 恢复精力；settle 解决；evaluate 评价。根据前文“take a short nap to”可知，打盹儿是为了保证下午有充足的精力。故选B。
3.A.narrow B.secret
C.desperate D.peaceful
答案：D
解析：narrow 狭窄的；secret 秘密的；desperate 绝望的；peaceful 平静的，和平的。根据后文“escape from the day's demands”可知，午休的放松习惯让他们可以平静地逃离一天的工作。故选D。
4.A.march B.test
C.race D.game
答案：C
解析：march 行军；test 测试；race 比赛；game 游戏。根据后文“I barely had time to finish my sandwich before the next bell hit”可知，美国的午餐时间很紧张，就像是在和时间赛跑。故选C。
5.A.paraded B.wandered
C.leapt D.rushed
答案：D
解析：parade 游行；wander 徘徊；leap 跳跃；rush 奔，冲。前文提到和时间赛跑，所以下课铃响了，每个人都冲向自助餐厅。故选D。
6.A.inadequate B.sufficient
C.limited D.golden
答案：B
解析：inadequate 不足的；sufficient 充足的；limited 有限的；golden 美好的。根据后文“However， I barely had time ... did the time go？”可知，此处指作者天真地以为自己还有足够的时间吃东西。故选B。
7.A.excuse B.doubt
C.boundary D.access
答案：D
解析：excuse 借口；doubt 怀疑；boundary 边界；access 获得的机会。根据前文“And the nap？ Forget about it.”可知，此处指没有午睡，no access for表示“无法获得，无法得到”。故选D。
8.A.concept B.application
C.benefit D.knowledge
答案：A
解析：concept 概念；application 申请；benefit 利益；knowledge 知识。根据后文“of napping in school”可知，此处指在学校里午睡的概念。故选A。
9.A.scary B.odd
C.awkward D.shallow
答案：B
解析：scary 可怕的；odd 奇怪的；awkward 尴尬的；shallow 浅的。根据前文可知，作者是中国人，习惯了午睡，对作者来说没有午睡很奇怪。故选B。
10.A.replaced B.postponed
C.missed D.supported
答案：C
解析：replace 代替；postpone 推迟；miss 想念；support 支持。根据前文可知，在美国学校没有午睡时间，作者下午上课感到困，因此想念在中国的短暂休息。故选C。
11.A.operate B.insist
C.concentrate D.reflect
答案：A
解析：operate 做；干；行事；insist 坚持；concentrate 集中；reflect 反思。根据后文“on pure youthful energy”可知，此处指依靠年轻的精力上课。故选A。
12.A.consider B.question
C.grasp D.imagine
答案：C
解析：consider 考虑；question 质问；grasp 明白；抓住；imagine 想象。根据后文“that life here is simply faster”可知，作者开始明白这里的生活就是快得多。故选C。
13.A.regularly B.hurriedly
C.properly D.eventually
答案：B
解析：regularly 定期地；hurriedly 匆忙地；properly 合适地；eventually 最后。根据后文“converse rapidly， and shift swiftly”可知，在美国一切都很匆忙。故选B。
14.A.agreement B.interaction
C.connection D.contrast
答案：D
解析：agreement 协议；interaction 互动；connection 联系；contrast 对比。根据后文“with the lifestyle back in China”可知，这里匆忙的生活方式和中国放松的生活方式形成了对比。故选D。
15.A.manner B.circumstance
C.moment D.challenge
答案：A
解析：manner 方式；方法；circumstance 环境；moment 时刻；challenge 挑战。根据前文“with the lifestyle back in China”可知，这里快节奏的生活方式，也只是另一种生活方式而已。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
Modern communication technology is bringing the world closer every day to overcome cultural differences. Today， many of us plan to travel to a different country for study or business.
1
Here are a couple of tips on how to help bridge the gap between cultures.
Read up on the culture we'll be encountering
Every country in the world， old or new， has a rich and storied history. They celebrate their own holidays， cook national dishes， listen to their own styles of music and wear clothes appropriate for their culture. 2 Not only will it be personally enriching， but it will also give us a way to connect with the local people.
Learn the language
3 Well， the fact that almost everyone can already speak English makes learning a foreign language all the more impressive. Even if we can only speak a few key phrases， it shows that we're making the effort to bridge the cultural gap.
Be patient
Unfortunately， no matter how much we research a country or how well we know the language， there will always be some culture shock and confusion. Words， actions or gestures that are not offensive to us can be very offensive to someone from another culture， and vice versa （反之亦然）. 4
Keep an open mind
When I learn a new language， or study the history of a culture I'm unfamiliar with， I think of it as exploring a new world. There are so many things that make each culture unique. 5
Always try to think about how they see things from their cultural perspective （视觉）； doing so will give us a better understanding of their corner of the world.
A.Why should we make the effort to bridge the gap？
B.We have to be open to trying and learning new things.
C.Why spend more time learning a whole new language？
D.When this happens， it is important to stay patient and be accepting.
E.Showing off our knowledge of the local customs will make us popular.
F.Take time to Google the history and customs of the country we'll be visiting.
G.Thus， we must always be prepared to encounter and overcome cultural differences.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了遇到和克服文化差异的几条建议。
1.答案：G
解析：上文“Today， many of us ... for study or business.”提到许多人都会去国外学习或出差。下文介绍了克服文化差异的方法。G项（因此，我们必须随时做好遇到和克服文化差异的准备。）承上启下。故选G。
2.答案：F
解析：根据小标题“Read up on the culture we'll be encountering”可知，本段讲述应了解我们将要遇到的文化，F项（花时间来了解一下我们要去的国家的历史和风俗。）符合本段主题。故选F。
3.答案：C
解析：根据小标题“Learn the language”可知，本段主要讲述应学习语言。C项（为什么要花更多的时间学习一门全新的语言呢？）符合本段主题。故选C。
4.答案：D
解析：小标题“Be patient”提到要有耐心。上文“Words， actions or ... vice versa （反之亦然）.”提到了跨文化交流中不好的情况，D项（当这种情况发生时，保持耐心和接受是很重要的。）承接上文。故选D。
5.答案：B
解析：根据小标题“Keep an open mind”可知，本段主要讲述应保持开放的心态。B项（我们必须对尝试和学习新事物持开放的态度。）符合语境。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
（全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level， the national parks， in particular， tend 1 （catch） our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 （treasure） of American heritage （遗产）. How did the national park system come about？ On a cool， starry night in mid September 1870， four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 （be） part of a 15 member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should 5 （do） with such a beautiful place？ They wondered out loud. This area， with 6 （it） unique and breathtaking natural beauty， must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. They all agreed and vowed （承诺） to promote the idea at the 8 （complete） of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later， 18 years before Wyoming became a state， Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 （large） United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell Saint Elias in southern Alaska， 10 became a national monument in 1978， took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园系统的起源。
1.答案：to catch
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处作非谓语。tend to do sth “往往会做某事”为固定用法。故填to catch。
2.答案：treasures
解析：考查名词。句意：它们是美国遗产中的珍宝。根据设空前的are和设空后的of可知，设空处应用名词复数。故填treasures。
3.答案：what
解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导宾语从句，指物，在从句中作主语。故填what。
4.答案：were
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合语境可知，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；主语是They，be动词应用were。故填were。
5.答案：be done
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。主语What与do之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；设空前的should是情态动词，其后应用动词原形。故填be done。
6.答案：its
解析：考查代词。句意：这个地区有着它独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，以供全国人民欣赏。设空处修饰后面的beauty，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
7.答案：for
解析：考查介词。设空处缺少介词，应用for “（表示对象、用途等）给，对，供”。故填for。
8.答案：completion
解析：考查词性转换。句意：他们都同意了（这个想法），并承诺在旅行结束时要推广这个想法。根据设空前的the和设空后的of可知，设空处应用名词。故填completion。
9.答案：largest
解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据设空前的the及语境可知，设空处应用形容词最高级，表示“最大的”。故填largest。
10.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词是Wrangell－Saint Elias，指物。故填which。
精深阅读
When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents， most of them proudly replied， “Well， I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc.” But this kind of misses the point.
More often than not， what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one， or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough， in terms of the language study， every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don't hear it yourself， you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense， it's pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do！
Every person speaks a dialect， too. In the field of language study， a dialect is a changed form of a language that is featured by its variations of structure， phrases and words. For instance， “You got eat or not？” （meaning “Have you eaten？”） is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn't mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well－formed and clearly communicative， according to native Singapore English speakers' solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it's different？
We need to move beyond a narrow idea of accents and dialects—for the benefit of everyone.
Language differences like these provide insights into people's cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age， the way one speaks is a distinct part of one's identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We'd learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了人人都有口音这一观点，这能帮助我们了解不同的文化经历和背景，还能在这个过程中交到更多的朋友。
1.What does the author think of his/her friends' response in Paragraph 1？
A.It reflects their self confidence.
B.It reflects their language levels.
C.It misses the point of communication.
D.It misses the real meaning of accents.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“When I ... But this kind of misses the point.（当我向一些朋友提到我们都有口音时，大多数人都自豪地回答说：‘嗯，我的英语/中文等说得很标准。’但是这并没有抓住问题的关键。）”可知，在第一段中作者认为他/她朋友的回答忽略了口音的真正含义。故选D。
2.Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English？
A.To support the use of dialects.
B.To show the importance of dialects.
C.To correct a grammatical mistake.
D.To highlight a traditional method.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For instance ... because it's different？”以及倒数第二段“We need to ... benefit of everyone.（为了大家的利益，我们需要越过口音和方言的狭隘概念。）”可知，作者是支持方言的使用的。由此可推知，作者使用新加坡英语口语的例子是为了支持方言的使用。故选A。
3.What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph？
A.Learn to speak with your local dialect.
B.Look for an official definition of accents.
C.Appreciate the value of accents and dialects.
D.Separate our local languages from others'.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Language differences ... and backgrounds.（像这样的语言差异可以让我们深入了解人们的文化经历和背景。）”以及“Most people ... along the way. （大多数人都乐于谈论他们语言背后的文化。我们还能借此更多地了解我们生活的这个世界，并结交朋友。）”可推知，作者建议我们欣赏口音和方言的价值。故选C。
4.What can be a suitable title for this passage？
A.Everyone Has an Accent
B.Accents Improve Our Identities
C.Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding
D.Standard English Is at Risk
答案：A
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人人都有口音，这种差异能帮助我们了解文化经历和背景，从而在这个过程中交到更多的朋友，A项（每个人都有口音）最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
精深阅读——好词句小练
（一）热词
1.define v. 给……下定义，解释
2.dialect n. 方言，土话
3.feature v. 以……为特色，以……为主要组成
4.variation n. 变化，变动
5.narrow adj. 狭隘的
（二）高频短语
1.give rise to 引起，导致
2.in terms of 就……而言；从……角度来看
3.sort of 某种程度上；有点
4.point out 指出
5.for the benefit of 为了……的利益
（三）根据语境填入恰当的内容
1.I think I put more expression （express） into my lyrics than a lot of other singers do.
2.On the far side of the street was a restaurant that looked acceptable （accept）.
3.The conditions laid down to me were not too limiting （limit）.
（四）写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
1.I have spent a lot of time scratching my head about how to improve my oral English.口头的
2.Native people were allowed to retain some sense of their traditional culture and religion.土著的
3.The drama course gives students a solid grounding in the basic techniques of acting.扎实的
（五）用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1.He's just a（n） ordinary guy who loves his dog.regular
2.He failed to note that he was the one who started the fight.mention
3.He answered that this was absolutely impossible.replied
（六）长难句分析
More often than not， what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one， or that pronunciations are different from our own.
句意：通常情况下，当我们说某人“有口音”时，我们的意思是他们的口音与当地口音不同，或者发音与我们自己的发音不同。
分析：句子主干为what we mean is that ...，是“主系表”结构。what 引导主语从句，其中when引导时间状语从句；两个that均引导表语从句，由连词or连接。
（七）根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1.It's pointless to （……是没有意义的） worry about things that are out of our control.
2.In a global age （在全球化时代）， it is important to understand different cultures and perspectives.
（八）仿写句子
Sometimes it is necessary to say no.（It is＋adj.＋to do sth）
仿写：重要的是，首先要了解是什么导致了你的压力。
It is important to understand what causes your stress in the first place.
18(共100张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES
单元主题：人与社会——文化沟通与交流
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
——Build up your vocabulary——
Affix （prefix/suffix） 含义 例词
de－ _____________ _________； ________； _____；
_________；_________
ex－ ____________ _______； ______； _______；
________；________
______ 共同；一起 ________； __________； __________；
____________
be－ _____________ _______； _______； ______；
_________；________
一、构词法
离开；向下
departure
depress
deny
decrease
decline
向外；出去
expose
export
exclude
exit
express
co－
cooperate
coexistence
collaborate
correlation
使……成为
behave
become
believe
behalf
because
________ 行为；结果 __________； ___________； __________；_____________；____________
－en _______________ _________； ________； _______；
_________；________
－fy ______________ ________； _______； _______； ________；
_________
－ous _______________ ___________； ___________； _________；
__________； ___________
－ation
qualification
adaptation
presentation
motivation
expectation
使成为；使具有……特性
strengthen
broaden
citizen
darken
golden
……化；使成为……
qualify
satisfy
simplify
diversify
beautify
……的；
有……性质的
ambitious
tremendous
dangerous
delicious
precious
二、动词＋介词
1.请在词云图中选出本单元已学过的六个动词，并与它们搭配的介词组成词块
①__________ ②___________
③___________ ④___________
⑤______________ ⑥___________
engage in
participate in
speak up
qualify ... for
involve ... in ...
adapt to ...
2.选用上面的词块完成下列句子
①Despite being rejected so many times， I still applied for any job that I______
____________.
②Try to find humour in life and __________ activities that make you laugh.
③It would be difficult not to _________ the child's father ___the arrangements.
④To survive in that sort of environment， animals have to evolve to ________their surroundings.
was
qualified for
engage in
involve
in
adapt to
WELCOME UNIT
——Discover useful structures——
预习检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预习检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1.culture shock ___________
2.zone n. _______________________________
3.comfort zone _________________
4.homesickness n. _______________
5.insight n. ______________
6.departure n. _________________
文化冲击
（有别于周围的）地区；地带；区域
舒适区；舒适范围
思乡病；乡愁
洞察力；眼光
离开；启程；出发
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1._________ vt. 成为……的动机；激发；激励
2.___________ n. 期望；预期；期待
3.__________ n. 申请人
4.__________ vt. 使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于（险境）
motivate
expectation
applicant
expose
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换（可查字典）
1.overwhelming adj. 无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的→__________ vt. 压倒；淹没；难以禁受
2.advisor n. 顾问→_________ v. 通知，告知；劝告，建议→_________ adj. 明智的，可取的
3.reasonable adj. 有道理的；合情理的→_______ n. 原因，理由
4.firm n. 公司；商行；事务所 adj. 结实的；牢固的；坚定的→_______ adv. 坚固地，牢固地；强而有力地；坚决地
四、核心短语：写出英语表达
______________爱上
overwhelm
advise
advisable
reason
firmly
fall in love with
自主学习 课时语法
找出下列句子中的名词性从句并分类
1.What is important in study is diligence rather than intelligence.
__________________________________
2.The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
____________________________________________________
3.This is a fact that holidays are a major test of any relationship.
_____________________________________________________
4.My family insisted that I should not give in， but stay and fight.
________________________________________________
What is important in study；主语从句
whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race；宾语从句
that holidays are a major test of any relationship；同位语从句
that I should not give in， but stay and fight；宾语从句
5.I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you.
_____________________________________
6.I am worried about whether I can finish it on time.
____________________________________
7.He looks as though he hasn't had a square meal for weeks.
__________________________________________________
8.Before the truth was revealed， all people were convinced that he was innocent.
______________________________
that he should be so rude to you；宾语从句
whether I can finish it on time；宾语从句
as though he hasn't had a square meal for weeks；表语从句
that he was innocent；宾语从句
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
1.motivate vt. 成为……的动机；激发；激励（教材P16）
motivated adj. 积极的；主动的
motivation n. 动力；积极性；动机
be motivated by 受……驱使；被……所激励
motivate sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
highly motivated 积极性高的
motivation for （doing） sth （做）某事的动机
①It is generally accepted that people are motivated by success.
人们普遍认为，成功催人奋进。
②I don't want to be missing out， and that motivates me to get up and do something every day.
我可不想错过，这激励我每天起床做点什么。
③Most people said that pay was their main motivation for working.
大多数人说获得报酬是他们工作的主要动机。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He is genuinely motivated ____ a desire to help people.
②Teaching is all about motivating people _______（learn）.
【学会表达】翻译
③我认为对世界的好奇是学习的最大动力。
___________________________________________________________________
④在学习英语的过程中，我们应该保持动力去实现我们的目标。
___________________________________________________________________
by
to learn
I think that being curious about the world is the greatest motivation for learning.
In the course of learning English， we should stay motivated to achieve our goals.
2.expectation n. 期望；预期；期待（教材P17）
expect vt. 期待；预料
expected adj. 预料的，预期的
unexpected adj. 出乎意料的，始料不及的
expectations of ... 对……的期望
with expectations 满怀期待
live up to/come up to/meet one's expectations 不辜负某人的期望，如某人所愿
contrary to/against/beyond expectations 出乎意料；超出预期
in （the） expectation of ... 预计会有……，期待……
expect （ ... ） to do sth 期待/预计（……）做某事
expect＋that 从句 预料……
①Instead of living up to the expectations of others， what we should do is asking ourselves what we really want.
我们应该做的是问问自己我们真正想要的是什么，而不是去达成他人的期待。
②The beauty of the West Lake in spring is beyond his expectations.
西湖的春日美景出乎他的意料。（旅游景点）
③You can't expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.
不要指望在几个月内就能学会一门外语。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①I applied for the post more in hope than ___________（expect）.
②We are ___ momentary expectation of the arrival of you.
【学会表达】翻译
③在这里见到你真好，实在是没想到！
________________________________________________________
④我真期待晚上能有点自己的时间。
______________________________________________
expectation
How lovely to see you here—this really is an unexpected pleasure！
I do expect to have some time to myself in the evenings.
in
3.applicant n. 申请人（教材P17）
apply vt. 应用，运用 vi.& vt. 申请
application n. 应用，运用；申请；申请表
applicant for ... ……的申请人
job applicant 求职者
apply （ ... ） to ... （把……）应用于……
apply to do sth 申请做某事
apply （to ...） for ... （向……）申请……
an application form 一份申请表
①The job applicant must have good verbal skills.
求职者必须具有良好的语言表达技能。（应用文写作之招募启事）
②Those who continuously acquire new knowledge that they can apply to their work are more likely to succeed.
那些不断获取新知识并将其运用于他们的工作的人更有可能成功。
③（全国乙卷）There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.
申请英国大学和学院食品课程的学生人数有所增加。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①There were over 500 _________（apply） for the job.
②Students apply ____ admission to a particular college.
【学会表达】翻译
③如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。（应用文写作之申请信）
______________________________________________________________
④得知会议即将召开，我写信申请参加。（应用文写作之申请信）
_______________________________________________________________________________
applicants
It would be highly appreciated if you could take my application into account.
Knowing that the meeting will be held around the corner， I am writing to apply
to attend it.
for
4.expose vt. 使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于（险境）（教材P17）
exposure n. 接触；体验；暴露；揭露
exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的
expose sb/sth/oneself to ... 使某人/某物/自己暴露于……之下；使某人/某物/自己接触……
exposure to 暴露；接触
①She was left feeling exposed and vulnerable.
她感到自己孤立无助，非常脆弱。
②Using Wi－Fi in a public place such as a hotel， cafe or bar can expose your data to a network which is not secure.
使用酒店、咖啡馆或酒吧等公共场所的无线网络会把你的数据暴露在不安全的网络中。（网络安全）
③She gradually became deaf after lengthy exposure to noise in the workplace.
由于长期暴露在工作场所的噪音中，她逐渐失聪了。（读后续写之人物描写）
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Many students choose to study abroad for they want to expose themselves ___ another culture.
②Daniel's early _________（expose） to motor racing did not excite his interest.
【学会表达】完成句子
③听太多嘈杂的音乐已经给一些青少年造成了听力问题。
_________________________________ has caused hearing problems in some teenagers.
④油漆因受雨淋而脱落了。
The paint came off____________________________.
to
exposure
Being exposed to loud music too much
as a result of exposure to the rain
名词性从句
类型 功能 语序 it 引导词 that省略
主语从句 充当______ _____ 语序 作________ 连词 连接 代词 连接 副词 ________
表语从句 充当______ ________
宾语从句 充当_______ 作________ _____
同位语从句 充当_______ ________
主语
表语
宾语
同位语
探究二 复习名词性从句
陈述
形式主语
形式宾语
不可省
一般不省
可省
一般不省
名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在整个句子中的作用相当于名词，故将它们统称为名词性从句。在名词性从句中，连词（that、whether、if等）一般只起连接作用，在句中不作成分；连接代词（who、what、which、whom 等）常作主语、宾语、表语等，而连接副词（when、where、how、why 等）常作状语，表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。
语法点1 主语从句
用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
（1）that引导主语从句时一般不省略
That she finished reading an English novel surprised us all.
她读完了一部英文小说让我们大吃一惊。
（2）it作形式主语
有时可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句置于句末。用it 作形式主语的常见结构有：
It be＋名词（词组）＋that 从句，常见的名词（词组）有：fact， pity， shame， question， common knowledge等。
①It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
英语正在被人们接受为一种国际语言，这是一个事实。
②It is common knowledge that swimming is one of the best forms of exercise.
大家都知道游泳是最好的锻炼方式之一。
It be ＋形容词 ＋ that从句，常见的形容词有：natural， important， strange， unclear， uncertain等。
①It is natural that mothers love their children.
母亲爱自己的孩子是天生的。
②It is strange that he should go in the opposite direction.
真奇怪，他竟然朝相反的方向走了。
It be ＋ 过去分词 ＋that 从句，常见的过去分词有：announced， believed， reported， said， proved等。
①It is reported that some modern monks are using computers.
有报道说有些现代和尚在使用计算机。
在“It is necessary/important/essential＋that ...”结构中从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
It is essential that you （should） have sme experience.
你必须得有些经验。
it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或 whether 引导均可，但如果后置的主语从句的引导词后面接 or not 时，只能用whether。
②It has been proved that pride goes before a fall.
事实证明骄兵必败。
其他常用it作形式主语代替that从句的句型：
It doesn't matter that ... ……是无关紧要的
It makes no difference that ... ……没有影响
It occurs/strikes/hits sb that ... 某人突然想到/意识到……
单句语法填空
①______ I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me.
②____ is a pity that their performance in this big event didn't live up to our expectations.
③________ teachers can be replaced by AI is discussed on the newspaper.
④______ the new road is open to traffic hasn't been made clear.
⑤_______ they are going to invite is uncertain.
What
It
Whether
When
Whom
（4）其他常见的表语从句
This/That is/was why ... （表示结果）“这/那就是……的原因”（why 引导表语从句）
Tom overslept this morning. That is why he was late for work.
汤姆今天早晨睡过头了。那是他上班迟到的原因。
The reason why ... is/was that ... （表示原因）“……的原因是……”（why 引导定语从句，that 引导表语从句）
The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus.
他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车。
系动词之后统称表语，所以找到系动词就找到表语了。常见系动词如下，数量不多，务必背记：
①表示状态：be， seem， appear， keep， remain， stay， stand， lie， sit， continue
②表示变化：become， get， turn， grow， go， come， fall， run
③表示感知：feel， look， sound， smell，taste， touch
④表示结果：prove， turn out
其中除了be，其他皆兼有实义动词的用法，需注意辨别。
完成句子
①问题仍然是他们能否帮助我们。
The question remains______________________________.
②我的建议是立即开始这项工作。
My suggestion is____________________________________.
③修理屋顶的时间是在阳光灿烂的时候。
The time to repair the roof is____________________.
whether they will be able to help us
that the work （should） be started at once
when the sun is shining
④他担心她是否能从这场手术中恢复。
All he's worried about is___________________________________.
⑤问题是谁来处理这个棘手的问题。
The question is_____________________________.
whether she can recover from this surgery
who will handle the tough problem
语法点3 宾语从句
用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
（1）that 引导宾语从句时，常被省略，但下列情况下 that 不能省略：
动词后有多个 that 引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个 that 可省略，其余的 that 不可省略。
He said （that） the book was very interesting and that all the children liked to read it.
他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。
宾语从句前有插入语时：
We hope， on the contrary， that he will stay at home with us.
恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。
that 引导的宾语从句位于句首时：
That he will come， I believe.
我相信他会来。
（2）一般情况下介词后常用 wh－类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只能用 whether，不能用 if。
Everything depends on whether you agree with us.
一切取决于你跟我们意见是否一致。
（3）it作形式宾语
宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是在下列用法中，常用到形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。
动词 find/feel/think/make/consider 等＋it＋宾补＋从句
He thinks it important that we try to do some housework after school.
他认为我们放学后尝试做一些家务是重要的。
动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy 等＋it＋从句
①I don't like it that he's so lazy.
我不喜欢他那么懒惰。
②We would appreciate it if you can come here.
如果你能来这里我们将非常感激。
动词短语 see to ＋it＋从句
Would you see to it that she gets home early？
你负责保证她早点到家，好吗？
固定搭配 take it for granted that 认为……理所当然/owe it to sb that ... 把……归功于……
We owe it to you that there wasn't a serious accident.
多亏了你，才没有发生严重事故。
（4）大多数及物动词（短语）后都可以跟宾语从句，需注意的是：
在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that 引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
①I'm sorry you feel that way， but my mother insists that he （should） come.
我很抱歉你有这样的感觉，但我妈妈坚持要他来。
②I suggested that he （should） study harder.
我建议他更加努力学习。
（5）doubt用于否定句或疑问句时，其后用 that 引导宾语从句；用于肯定句时，其后用 whether或if引导宾语从句。
①I never doubted that she would come.
我十分肯定她会来。
②I doubt whether/if the new one will be much better.
我不确定这个新的是否会好很多。
翻译
①她要求向她报告有关情况。
________________________________________
②他问老板是否能请一天假。
_________________________________________
③我发现音乐会的票已经卖完了。
____________________________________________________
She asked that she （should） be kept informed.
He asked the boss whether he could have a day off.
I found out that all the tickets for the concert had been sold out.
④我们应该调查发生了什么事情，哪里出了问题。
__________________________________________________
⑤我认为我们保持冷静是很重要的。
_______________________________________
We should investigate what happened and what went wrong.
I think it important that we should keep calm.
语法点4 同位语从句（仅了解）
用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句
（1）可跟同位语从句的名词
belief 信念；hope 希望；opinion 观点；wish 愿望；question 问题；doubt 怀疑；idea 主意；possibility 可能性；truth 事实；promise诺言；explanation 解释；news消息；thought 想法；fact 事实；problem 问题
（2）同位语从句的引导词
同位语从句常用 that， whether， why， where， how，when 等引导，还可使用 what， who， whose， which 等；if一般不引导同位语从句。that 和 whether 在从句中不作成分，that 无实际意义，whether表示“是否”。其他引导词具有实际意义，同时在同位语从句中作一定的成分。同位语从句的引导词一般都不省略。
①The report that he was going to resign was false.
他打算辞职的报道是假的。
②There's some doubt whether John will come on time.
不确定约翰是否会按时到来。
③The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该做这项工作的问题需要考虑。
（3）同位语从句中需要注意的问题
在suggestion， advice， request， order，demand，requirement 等意为“建议、要求、命令”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“ should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，should 可以省略。
①He agreed with my suggestion that we （should） change the date.
他同意我提出的更改日期的建议。
②I followed his advice that I （should） finish my homework before supper.
我听从了他关于我应该在晚饭前做完作业的建议。
完成句子
①毫无疑问，这位申请人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人交流。
__________________ the advantage of the applicant lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
②有消息说史密斯一家搬去了芝加哥。
_____________ the Smiths moved to Chicago.
There is no doubt that
Word came that
对点练习 巩固所学
维度一 高频词汇
（一）写出下列词缀的含义及例词
1.－ation→___________→_________； __________； __________； _________
2.－fy→___________________→________； ______； ______； _________
3.ex－ →_____________→_______； ______； _______； _______
4.－ous→_______________________→_________； __________； ________；
__________
行为；结果
adaptation
presentation
qualification
motivation
……化；使成为……
beautify
qualify
satisfy
simplify
向外；出去
express
export
expose
exclude
……的；有……性质的
ambitious
tremendous
precious
dangerous
（二）选词填空
motivated， applicant， expectation， exposure， firm
1.It had been a success far beyond their___________
2.This book will give your students a _____ grasp of English grammar.
3.I largely work with people who already are__________.
4.How many _________ did you have for the job？
5.Even a brief ________ to radiation is very dangerous.
expectations.
firm
motivated
applicants
exposure
维度二 语法运用
（三）单句语法填空
1.The reason why Mary wouldn't like to go out today is ______ she doesn't feel well.
2.It was not certain __________ he would pass the final exam.
3.None of us knows _______ these new parts can be bought.
4._____ our team had won first prize made us very happy.
5.I believe you have done your best and ______ everything will go well.
that
whether/if
where
That
that
维度三 素养提升
（四）根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1.Many foreign tourists ___________________（爱上了中国） the first time they pay a visit to this great country.
2.Before you start your trip， study the map to _________________（熟悉） the area you are going to.
3._____________________________ （走出你的舒适区） will give you a sense of achievement and help your self－belief.
fall in love with China
be/get familiar with
Stepping out of your comfort zone
（五）翻译
1.她所担心的只有他是否都好。（表语从句）
________________________________________
2.他发现乡村的生活节奏慢。（宾语从句）
_________________________________________
All she's worried about is whether he is all right.
He found that life moved slowly in the countryside.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 完形填空
Today was another enlightening day at my new American school. Back in China， lunchtime is a 1 hour. We eat， talk， and most importantly， take a short nap to
2 for the afternoon. This relaxing routine of our midday break allowed for a 3 escape from the day's demands. But here？ It's like a 4 against the clock.
The bell rang， and everyone 5 to the cafeteria. I followed， naively （天真地） thinking I'd have 6 time to eat and perhaps even close my eyes for a moment. However， I barely had time to finish my sandwich before the next bell hit. Where did the time go？
And the nap？ Forget about it. There's no 7 for that comfort here. In China， we have these cozy mats in the classroom for our post－lunch rest. But in America， the
8 of napping in school seems as 9 to them as the absence of a nap is to me.
At first， I felt quite sleepy in the afternoon classes. I 10 that brief break we get in China. But then I noticed something. Even without the nap， my classmates were hardly tired. Perhaps they're used to this fast schedule， or maybe they 11 on pure youthful energy. Who knows？
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以午休为例，对比了中国和美国学校不同的生活方式。
I'm beginning to 12 that life here is simply faster. People eat 13 ， converse rapidly， and shift swiftly. It's a（n） 14 with the lifestyle back in China， but perhaps it's not harmful， just another 15 of life.
1.A.cherished B.productive
C.fixed D.secure
解析：cherished 珍贵的；productive 多产的；fixed 固定的；secure 稳固的。根据后文“This relaxing routine of our midday break”可知，中国午餐时间可以放松，是珍贵的时光。故选A。
2.A.fight B.recharge
C.settle D.evaluate
解析： fight 战斗；recharge 恢复精力；settle 解决；evaluate 评价。根据前文“take a short nap to”可知，打盹儿是为了保证下午有充足的精力。故选B。
3.A.narrow B.secret
C.desperate D.peaceful
解析： narrow 狭窄的；secret 秘密的；desperate 绝望的；peaceful 平静的，和平的。根据后文“escape from the day’s demands”可知，午休的放松习惯让他们可以平静地逃离一天的工作。故选D。
4.A.march B.test
C.race D.game
解析： march 行军；test 测试；race 比赛；game 游戏。根据后文“I barely had time to finish my sandwich before the next bell hit”可知，美国的午餐时间很紧张，就像是在和时间赛跑。故选C。
5.A.paraded B.wandered
C.leapt D.rushed
解析： parade 游行；wander 徘徊；leap 跳跃；rush 奔，冲。前文提到和时间赛跑，所以下课铃响了，每个人都冲向自助餐厅。故选D。
6.A.inadequate B.sufficient
C.limited D.golden
解析： inadequate 不足的；sufficient 充足的；limited 有限的；golden 美好的。根据后文“However， I barely had time ... did the time go？”可知，此处指作者天真地以为自己还有足够的时间吃东西。故选B。
7.A.excuse B.doubt
C.boundary D.access
解析： excuse 借口；doubt 怀疑；boundary 边界；access 获得的机会。根据前文“And the nap？ Forget about it.”可知，此处指没有午睡，no access for表示“无法获得，无法得到”。故选D。
8.A.concept B.application
C.benefit D.knowledge
解析： concept 概念；application 申请；benefit 利益；knowledge 知识。根据后文“of napping in school”可知，此处指在学校里午睡的概念。故选A。
9.A.scary B.odd
C.awkward D.shallow
解析： scary 可怕的；odd 奇怪的；awkward 尴尬的；shallow 浅的。根据前文可知，作者是中国人，习惯了午睡，对作者来说没有午睡很奇怪。故选B。
10.A.replaced B.postponed
C.missed D.supported
解析： replace 代替；postpone 推迟；miss 想念；support 支持。根据前文可知，在美国学校没有午睡时间，作者下午上课感到困，因此想念在中国的短暂休息。故选C。
11.A.operate B.insist
C.concentrate D.reflect
解析： operate 做；干；行事；insist 坚持；concentrate 集中；reflect 反思。根据后文“on pure youthful energy”可知，此处指依靠年轻的精力上课。故选A。
12.A.consider B.question
C.grasp D.imagine
解析： consider 考虑；question 质问；grasp 明白；抓住；imagine 想象。根据后文“that life here is simply faster”可知，作者开始明白这里的生活就是快得多。故选C。
13.A.regularly B.hurriedly
C.properly D.eventually
解析： regularly 定期地；hurriedly 匆忙地；properly 合适地；eventually 最后。根据后文“converse rapidly， and shift swiftly”可知，在美国一切都很匆忙。故选B。
14.A.agreement B.interaction
C.connection D.contrast
解析： agreement 协议；interaction 互动；connection 联系；contrast 对比。根据后文“with the lifestyle back in China”可知，这里匆忙的生活方式和中国放松的生活方式形成了对比。故选D。
15.A.manner B.circumstance
C.moment D.challenge
解析： manner 方式；方法；circumstance 环境；moment 时刻；challenge 挑战。根据前文“with the lifestyle back in China”可知，这里快节奏的生活方式，也只是另一种生活方式而已。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
Modern communication technology is bringing the world closer every day to overcome cultural differences. Today， many of us plan to travel to a different country for study or business. 1__
Here are a couple of tips on how to help bridge the gap between cultures.
Read up on the culture we'll be encountering
Every country in the world， old or new， has a rich and storied history. They celebrate their own holidays， cook national dishes， listen to their own styles of music and wear clothes appropriate for their culture. 2 Not only will it be personally enriching， but it will also give us a way to connect with the local people.
Learn the language
3 Well， the fact that almost everyone can already speak English makes learning a foreign language all the more impressive. Even if we can only speak a few key phrases， it shows that we're making the effort to bridge the cultural gap.
Be patient
Unfortunately， no matter how much we research a country or how well we know the language， there will always be some culture shock and confusion. Words， actions or gestures that are not offensive to us can be very offensive to someone from another culture， and vice versa （反之亦然）. 4__
Keep an open mind
When I learn a new language， or study the history of a culture I'm unfamiliar with， I think of it as exploring a new world. There are so many things that make each culture unique. 5__
Always try to think about how they see things from their cultural perspective （视觉）； doing so will give us a better understanding of their corner of the world.
A.Why should we make the effort to bridge the gap？
B.We have to be open to trying and learning new things.
C.Why spend more time learning a whole new language？
D.When this happens， it is important to stay patient and be accepting.
E.Showing off our knowledge of the local customs will make us popular.
F.Take time to Google the history and customs of the country we'll be visiting.
G.Thus， we must always be prepared to encounter and overcome cultural differences.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了遇到和克服文化差异的几条建议。
解析：上文“Today， many of us ... for study or business.”提到许多人都会去国外学习或出差。下文介绍了克服文化差异的方法。G项（因此，我们必须随时做好遇到和克服文化差异的准备。）承上启下。故选G。
1．答案： G
解析：根据小标题“Read up on the culture we’ll be encountering”可知，本段讲述应了解我们将要遇到的文化，F项（花时间来了解一下我们要去的国家的历史和风俗。）符合本段主题。故选F。
2．答案： F
解析：根据小标题“Learn the language”可知，本段主要讲述应学习语言。C项（为什么要花更多的时间学习一门全新的语言呢？）符合本段主题。故选C。
3．答案： C
解析：小标题“Be patient”提到要有耐心。上文“Words， actions or ... vice versa （反之亦然）.”提到了跨文化交流中不好的情况，D项（当这种情况发生时，保持耐心和接受是很重要的。）承接上文。故选D。
4．答案： D
解析：根据小标题“Keep an open mind”可知，本段主要讲述应保持开放的心态。B项（我们必须对尝试和学习新事物持开放的态度。）符合语境。故选B。
5．答案： B
Ⅲ 语法填空
（全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level， the national parks， in particular， tend 1 （catch） our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 （treasure） of American heritage （遗产）. How did the national park system come about？ On a cool， starry night in mid September 1870， four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 （be） part of a 15 member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should 5 （do） with such a beautiful place？ They wondered out loud. This area， with 6 （it） unique and breathtaking natural beauty， must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. They all agreed and vowed （承诺） to promote the idea at the 8 （complete） of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later， 18 years before Wyoming became a state， Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 （large） United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell Saint Elias in southern Alaska， 10 became a national monument in 1978， took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园系统的起源。
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处作非谓语。tend to do sth “往往会做某事”为固定用法。故填to catch。
1．答案： to catch
解析：考查名词。句意：它们是美国遗产中的珍宝。根据设空前的are和设空后的of可知，设空处应用名词复数。故填treasures。
2．答案： treasures
解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导宾语从句，指物，在从句中作主语。故填what。
3．答案： what
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合语境可知，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；主语是They，be动词应用were。故填were。
4．答案： were
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。主语What与do之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；设空前的should是情态动词，其后应用动词原形。故填be done。
5．答案： be done
解析：考查代词。句意：这个地区有着它独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，以供全国人民欣赏。设空处修饰后面的beauty，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
6．答案： its
解析：考查介词。设空处缺少介词，应用for “（表示对象、用途等）给，对，供”。故填for。
7．答案： for
解析：考查词性转换。句意：他们都同意了（这个想法），并承诺在旅行结束时要推广这个想法。根据设空前的the和设空后的of可知，设空处应用名词。故填completion。
8．答案： completion
解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据设空前的the及语境可知，设空处应用形容词最高级，表示“最大的”。故填largest。
9．答案： largest
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词是Wrangell－Saint Elias，指物。故填which。
10．答案： which
When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents， most of them proudly replied， “Well， I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc.” But this kind of misses the point.
精深阅读
More often than not， what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one， or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough， in terms of the language study， every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don't hear it yourself， you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense， it's pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do！
Every person speaks a dialect， too. In the field of language study， a dialect is a changed form of a language that is featured by its variations of structure， phrases and words. For instance， “You got eat or not？” （meaning “Have you eaten？”） is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn't mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well－formed and clearly communicative， according to native Singapore English speakers' solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it's different？
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了人人都有口音这一观点，这能帮助我们了解不同的文化经历和背景，还能在这个过程中交到更多的朋友。
We need to move beyond a narrow idea of accents and dialects—for the benefit of everyone.
Language differences like these provide insights into people's cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age， the way one speaks is a distinct part of one's identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We'd learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.
1.What does the author think of his/her friends' response in Paragraph 1？
A.It reflects their self confidence.
B.It reflects their language levels.
C.It misses the point of communication.
D.It misses the real meaning of accents.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“When I ... But this kind of misses the point.（当我向一些朋友提到我们都有口音时，大多数人都自豪地回答说：‘嗯，我的英语/中文等说得很标准。’但是这并没有抓住问题的关键。）”可知，在第一段中作者认为他/她朋友的回答忽略了口音的真正含义。故选D。
2.Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English？
A.To support the use of dialects.
B.To show the importance of dialects.
C.To correct a grammatical mistake.
D.To highlight a traditional method.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For instance ... because it’s different？”以及倒数第二段“We need to ... benefit of everyone.（为了大家的利益，我们需要越过口音和方言的狭隘概念。）”可知，作者是支持方言的使用的。由此可推知，作者使用新加坡英语口语的例子是为了支持方言的使用。故选A。
3.What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph？
A.Learn to speak with your local dialect.
B.Look for an official definition of accents.
C.Appreciate the value of accents and dialects.
D.Separate our local languages from others'.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Language differences ... and backgrounds.（像这样的语言差异可以让我们深入了解人们的文化经历和背景。）”以及“Most people ... along the way. （大多数人都乐于谈论他们语言背后的文化。我们还能借此更多地了解我们生活的这个世界，并结交朋友。）”可推知，作者建议我们欣赏口音和方言的价值。故选C。
4.What can be a suitable title for this passage？
A.Everyone Has an Accent
B.Accents Improve Our Identities
C.Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding
D.Standard English Is at Risk
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人人都有口音，这种差异能帮助我们了解文化经历和背景，从而在这个过程中交到更多的朋友，A项（每个人都有口音）最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
精深阅读——好词句小练
（一）热词
1.______ v. 给……下定义，解释
2.dialect n. ______________
3.________ v. 以……为特色，以……为主要组成
4.variation n. ___________
5.________ adj. 狭隘的
define
方言，土话
feature
变化，变动
narrow
（二）高频短语
1.___________ 引起，导致
2.____________ 就……而言；从……角度来看
3.___________ 某种程度上；有点
4.___________ 指出
5.________________为了……的利益
give rise to
sort of
point out
for the benefit of
in terms of
（三）根据语境填入恰当的内容
1.I think I put more __________（express） into my lyrics than a lot of other singers do.
2.On the far side of the street was a restaurant that looked ____________（accept）.
3.The conditions laid down to me were not too _________（limit）.
expression
acceptable
limiting
（四）写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
1.I have spent a lot of time scratching my head about how to improve my oral English._________
2.Native people were allowed to retain some sense of their traditional culture and religion.__________
3.The drama course gives students a solid grounding in the basic techniques of acting.__________
口头的
土著的
扎实的
（五）用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1.He's just a（n） ordinary guy who loves his dog.__________
2.He failed to note that he was the one who started the fight._________
3.He answered that this was absolutely impossible.__________
regular
mention
replied
（六）长难句分析
More often than not， what we mean when we say someone “ has an accent ” is that their accent is different from the local one， or that pronunciations are different from our own.
句意：通常情况下，当我们说某人“有口音”时，我们的意思是他们的口音与当地口音不同，或者发音与我们自己的发音不同。
分析：句子主干为____________________，是“主系表”结构。what 引导_____从句，其中when引导_________从句；两个that均引导______从句，由连词or连接。
what we mean is that ...
主语
时间状语
表语
（七）根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1.______________ （……是没有意义的） worry about things that are out of our control.
2.______________ （在全球化时代）， it is important to understand different cultures and perspectives.
（八）仿写句子
Sometimes it is necessary to say no.（It is＋adj.＋to do sth）
仿写：重要的是，首先要了解是什么导致了你的压力。
_________________________________________________________
It's pointless to
In a global age
It is important to understand what causes your stress in the first place.
