Unit 3 Food and Culture Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking课件（共148张）+讲义

英语 选择性必修 第二册 RJ
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1.pepper n. 甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉
2.peppercorn n. 胡椒粒
3.vinegar n. 醋
4.onion n. 洋葱；葱头
5.lamb n. 羊羔肉；羔羊
6.lamb kebab 烤羊肉串
7.dim sum n. 点心（中国食品）
8.vegetarian n. 素食者
9.junk food （＝junk） 垃圾食品
10.garlic n. 蒜
11.bacon n. 熏猪肉；咸肉
12.ham n. 火腿
13.sausage n. 香肠；腊肠
14.cabbage n. 甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜
15.bean curd n. （＝tofu） 豆腐
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1.cuisine n. 菜肴；风味；烹饪
2.consist vi. 由……组成（或构成）
3.recipe n. 烹饪法；食谱
4.chef n. 厨师；主厨
5.slice n. （切下的食物）薄片　vt. 把……切成薄片
6.minimum n. 最小值；最少量　adj. 最低（限度）的；最小的
7.consume vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗
8.temper n. 脾气；火气
9.junk n. 无用的东西
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换（可查字典）
1.priority n. 优先；优先权；优先考虑的事→prior adj. 先前的；优先的
2.boldness n. 大胆；冒失；显著→bold adj. 大胆自信的；敢于冒险的
3.elegance n. 优雅，雅致；简练→elegant adj. 精美的；讲究的；文雅的→elegantly adv. 优美地
4.exception n. 例外，除外→exceptional adj. 特别的；罕见的
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
stuff [熟义] n. 东西，物品
[生义] v. 填满；把……塞进，填进　n. （泛指）说（或做）的事
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1.prior to 在……之前的
2.consist of 由……组成（或构成）
3.slice ... off 切下
课文三维剖析
CULTURE AND CUISINE
文化与美食
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat－Savarin1 once wrote， “Tell me2what you eat3， and4 I will tell you what you are.” Put more simply， this means “You are what you eat5.” Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating. However， Brillat－Savarin was actually referring to our personality， character， and culture. 法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚－萨瓦兰曾写道：“告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。”简单地说，这句话就是“人如其食”的意思。如今，大多数人把这条谚语与健康饮食联系起来。然而，布里亚－萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、品格及文化。 Certainly， in many ways this seems to be true6. Chinese cuisine is a case in point. Prior to coming to China7， my only experience with Chinese cooking8 was in America， with Chinese food9 that10 had been changed to suit American tastes11． For example， America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken， which12 consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce， flavoured with hot red peppers13. This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe， however， so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. On the other hand， it does14 tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us， for example15， that16 Americans love bold， simple flavours. And， since17 the dish was also invented recently， it tells us18　that Americans are not afraid to try new foods19. 当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜就是个很好的例子。来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。然而，这或许并不是地道的中餐做法，因此并不能让我们对中国人了解多少。不过在另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。例如，这道菜说明美国人喜爱浓烈、简单的口味。此外，由于这道菜也是新发明，说明美国人不惧怕尝试新的菜品。 Later， I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food20 by coming to China21　. When22 my family and I had just arrived in China， we went looking for a good place to eat23 in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend， and24 finally， we found it. Tired， hungry， and not knowing a word of Chinese25， we had no idea how to order26， so27 the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten28. With this29， we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste30： Sichuan peppercorns31. The food was wonderful and different， but32what was even more important33 was the friendship offered us34. 后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝地道的中国食物。我与家人刚刚抵达中国，便在北京找一个好地方吃饭。一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最终我们找到了这家餐馆。又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。于是，我们高高兴兴地体验了一种全新的口味：四川花椒。食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。 We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled35 dumplings served with vinegar36　. I observed that37 family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China38， where39 making dumplings40 has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help41. Later， I learnt that42 the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions43. 不久，我们到了位于华北东部的山东省。在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的水饺。我发现那里的人都很重视家庭。水饺已成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物；包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动，无论老少都会加入进来帮忙。后来，我了解到，最有名的山东食物是煎饼卷大葱。 Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result， their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire44—usually boiled or roasted meat， such as lamb kebab45. 随后，我们又到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。传统上，他们骑着马在广阔的草原上漫步。因此，他们的传统食物在篝火上烹制而成，通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如羊肉串。 Our travels then took us to South China， and then on to central China. In each place we went， we experienced wonderful local dishes， from Guangdong's elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan46. Everywhere， the food was as varied as the people. However， one thing is always true： Through food47， Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness. 接着，我们前往华南，之后又去了华中。我们每到一处，都会品尝当地美食，有广东的精致点心——那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品——还有河南独特的烩面。所到之处的美食与当地人一样精彩纷呈。然而，有一件事始终不变：每个地方的中国人都通过食物展现友情与善意。 At a minimum， the kinds of food local people consume48tell us49 what they grow in their region， what kinds of lives they lead， and50 what they like and do not like. Could we also say， for example51， that52 those who like bold flavours53 are bold themselves？ Or54， that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper？ Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say55， however56， is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand57， and58if59 you do not experience one， you can never really know the other. 当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的爱憎。例如，我们是否也能这样推断，喜欢重口味的人性格粗犷？抑或喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气火暴？也许是的，也许又不是。但是，我们可以确定的是，文化和美食这两者息息相关，如果你没有体验过其中的一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个。 1 是The French author的同位语 2　Tell的间接宾语 3　宾语从句，充当Tell的直接宾语 4　整句直接引语是and连接的并列句 5　宾语从句；what you eat是表语从句 6　作表语；seems是系动词 7　状语 8　介词短语作experience的后置定语 9　状语 10　引导定语从句，修饰food 11　不定式短语作目的状语 12　引导非限制性定语从句 13　两个过去分词短语（covered ... 和flavoured ...） 作chicken的后置定语 14　does/do/did用于动词原形前，起强调谓语动词的作用 15　插入语 16　引导宾语从句 17　引导原因状语从句 18　tells的间接宾语 19　宾语从句，充当tells的直接宾语 20　不定式短语作chance的后置定语 21　介词短语作方式状语 22　引导时间状语从句 23　不定式作place的后置定语 24　整句是由and连接的并列句 25　形容词和现在分词短语，作原因状语 26　疑问词＋不定式，作idea的同位语 27　整句是由so连接的并列句 28　省略了引导词that的定语从句，修饰food 29　介词短语作方式状语 30　介词短语作pleasure的后置定语 31　作taste的同位语 32　整句是由but连接的并列句 33　主语从句 34　过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰friendship 35　过去分词作dumplings的前置定语 36　过去分词短语作dumplings的后置定语 37　引导宾语从句 38　介词短语作dish的后置定语 39　引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明North China 40　动名词短语作主语 41　with复合结构（with＋everyone＋joining ...）是affair的后置定语；from the youngest to the oldest是everyone的后置定语 42　引导宾语从句 43　过去分词短语作rolls的后置定语 44　表语从句 45　作boiled or roasted meat的同位语 46　from ... to ... 介词短语，作local dishes的同位语 47　方式状语 48 省略了引导词that/which的定语从句，修饰food 49　tell sb sth，sb（us）是间接宾语 50　and连接三个what引导的宾语从句，作直接宾语 51　插入语 52　引导宾语从句 53　定语从句，修饰those 54　连接两个由that 引导的宾语从句 55　主语从句 56　插入语 57　表语从句 58　and连接两个并列句 59　引导条件状语从句
阅读领悟
（一）段落主旨连线
（二）“例如”的同义表达
for example 句首、句中、句末；通常列举一个人或东西
for instance ＝for example，但更高级；通常列举一个事件
such as 列举多个
like ＝such as
namely 列举全部
1.For example， air is invisible.
例如，空气是看不见的。
2.He， for example， is a good student.
例如，他就是个好学生。
3.What would you do if you met a wild animal—a lion， for example？
如果遇上野兽，例如狮子，你该怎么办？
4.You cannot rely on her. For instance， she arrived an hour late for an important meeting yesterday.
她这人靠不住，例如，昨天一个重要会议，她竟迟到了一个小时。
5.Some of the European languages come from Latin， such as/like French， Italian and Spanish.
有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语，例如，法语、意大利语和西班牙语。
6.He knows four languages， namely Chinese， English， Russian and French.
他精通四门语言，即汉语、英语、俄语和法语。
（三）介词短语作插入语
in fact， in one's opinion， in general， in a word， in other words， in a few words， of course， by the way， as a result， for example， on the contrary， on the other hand， to one's surprise， in short， as a matter of fact， in conclusion， in brief等
1.你不能再等了，换言之，你得立即出发。
You can't wait anymore—in other words， you should start at once.
2.相反，我们应该加强和他们的合作。
On the contrary， we should strengthen our cooperation with them.
探究一　热词
1.consist vi. 由……组成（或构成）；在于，存在于（教材P26）
·consistent adj. 一致的；始终如一的 ·consistency n. 一致性；连贯性 consist of （无被动语态，不用于进行时）＝be made up of＝be composed of 由……组成（或构成） consist in 存在于；在于；（以……）为主要组成部分 consist with 与……一致 be consistent with ... 与……一致
①Becker was never the most consistent of players anyway.
不管怎么说，贝克尔从来就不是一个很稳定的球员。
②The buffet consisted of several different Indian dishes.
自助餐由一些不同的印度菜组成。
③True education does not consist in simply being taught facts.
真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It's important to show some consistency （consist） in your work.
②Her work is sometimes good， but the problem is she's not consistent （consist）.
【学会表达】翻译
③对她来说，幸福就是看电视和读杂志。
For her， happiness consists in watching television and reading magazines.
④这道菜准备起来很简单，主要由米和蔬菜组成。
It's a simple dish to prepare， consisting mainly of rice and vegetables.
2.slice n. （切下的食物）薄片　vt. 把……切成薄片（教材P26）
·sliced adj. （食物）已切成薄片的 a slice of 一片…… slice ... off 切下；割下 slice （sth） into ... （把某物）切成…… sliced noodles/ham/bread 刀削面/火腿片/面包片
①Typical hot pot dishes include thinly sliced meat， leafy vegetables， mushrooms， wontons， egg dumplings， tofu， and seafood.
典型的火锅菜肴包括薄切肉片、叶菜、蘑菇、馄饨、蛋饺、豆腐和海鲜。
②To keep slim， she only had a slice of bread for her breakfast.
为了保持身材苗条，她早餐只吃一片面包。
③Just slice enough meat off， and put the rest back.
切下来足够的肉，把剩下的放回去。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①I usually buy sliced （slice） bread—it's less bother.
②It demands great skill to slice the meat into such thin slices.
【学会表达】翻译
③早餐我吃了一片厚厚的黄油面包。
For breakfast I had a thick slice of bread and butter.
3.minimum n. 最小值；最少量　adj. 最低（限度）的；最小的（教材P27）
a minimum of 最少（的）；至少 at a minimum 处于最小限度；至少 at the minimum of cost 以最低的成本/代价 keep ... to a minimum 把……保持在最低限度
①The class needs a minimum of six students to continue.
这个班最少需要六名学生才可以继续办下去。
②At a minimum， you should spend two hours in the evening studying in order to catch up with your classmates.
为了赶上同学，你晚上至少应该花两个小时学习。
③I intended to keep digital devices in my life to a minimum.
我打算将电子设备在我生活中的比例保持在最低水平。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Try to keep any conflict between you and your partner to a minimum.
②At a minimum， the space should not be dull and depressing.
【学会表达】翻译
③We need a minimum of ten people to play this game.
我们至少需要十个人来玩这个游戏。
④He knew that he had not managed to get the minimum score required for a school athlete to remain in the school team.
他知道自己没有达到校运动员留在校队所需的最低分数。
4.consume vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗；使充满（教材P27 ）
·consumption n. 消费，消耗；食用 ·consumer n. 消费者，顾客 consume sb （with sth） 使某人充满（强烈的感情） consume away 毁灭；毁掉 energy/power/water/fuel consumption 能量损耗/能量功耗/耗水量/耗油量 consumer demand/choice/rights 消费者的需求/选择/权利
①She consumed a whole pizza in a matter of minutes.
她在几分钟内就吃掉了一整个比萨饼。
②Calorie consumption is linked to the amount of snacks one eats.
卡路里的消耗与零食的摄入量有关。
③I didn't even stop to think for a second about what I had said， because I was consumed with anger.
我甚至没有停下来一秒钟想想我说的话，因为我被愤怒吞噬了。
【小小语义场】消费类的相关表达
expenditure 支出；消费
expense 费用
spend on ... 在……方面花费
shopping mall 大型购物中心
over consumption 过度消费
go to the expense of 花费大量金钱
online shopping 网上购物
shopping addiction 购物成瘾；购物狂
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The food was not fit for human consumption （consume）.
【学会表达】完成句子
②我满怀愧疚，鼓起勇气，向他道歉，并保证这种事再也不会发生了。
Consumed with guilt， I gathered my courage， apologized and promised that it would never happen again.
③在不需要时把灯开着会导致不必要的能源消耗。
Leaving the lights on when not necessary contributes to unnecessary energy consumption.
1.priority n. 优先；优先权；优先考虑的事→prior adj. 先前的；优先的
According to the prior traffic laws， buses have priority at this junction.
根据先前的交通法，公共汽车在这个路口有优先权。
2.elegance n. 优雅，雅致；简练→elegant adj. 精美的；讲究的；文雅的→elegantly adv. 优美地
Her elegance sets her apart from other journalists and I was extremely inspired by her elegant words.
她的文雅使她与其他记者区别开来，而且她优雅的语言给了我极大的启发。
3.exception n. 例外，除外→exceptional adj. 特别的；罕见的
At the age of five he showed exceptional talent in art， with the exception of music.
他五岁时除了音乐，在艺术上也表现出非凡的天赋。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She will be unable to attend because of a prior （priority） engagement.
②Jimmy and his partner drifted elegantly （elegance） around the room.
③The young surgeon showed exceptional （exception） competence.
【学会表达】完成句子
④该建筑物在外观上是一项建筑杰作，精美雅致。
The exterior of the building was a masterpiece of architecture， elegant and graceful.
stuff
[熟义]n. 东西，物品 [生义]v. 填满；把……塞进，填进 n. （泛指）说（或做）的事
①The fridge is stuffed to bursting.
冰箱满得都快撑破了。
②I've got loads of stuff to do today.
我今天有好多事要做。
【学会运用】同义词替换
①Every room must have been stuffed with material things. filled
【学会表达】翻译
②All that stuff she has been saying about you is just not true.
她说的关于你的那些话都不是真的。
③我们得带上所有野营需要的东西。
We'll have to carry all our camping stuff.
探究二　长难句分析
Tired， hungry， and not knowing a word of Chinese， we had no idea how to order， so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.（教材P26） 又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
【分析】　整句是so连接的并列句。前一分句的主干为we had no idea，后一分句的主干为the chef began filling our table。tired，hungry 是形容词作状语，not knowing ... 是现在分词短语作状语；how to order是“疑问词＋不定式”结构作idea的同位语；we had ever eaten是省略了that的定语从句。 形容词（短语）可以作状语，表示方式、伴随、原因、时间、条件、让步、结果、状态等。 作原因状语，通常位于句首 作伴随状语，可以置于句首，也可以置于句末 作结果状语，一般位于句末 作让步状语，常由一个形容词（短语）或由or连接的两个及两个以上的并列形容词（短语）构成。常位于句首，也可位于句中 作时间状语，通常位于句首
①We stayed up late， anxious to wait for him to come back.
我们熬夜到很晚，焦急地等着他回来。
②Confident of passing the exam， he turned off the light and went to sleep.
他有信心通过考试，于是关灯睡觉了。
③Exhausted， he flopped down into a chair.
他筋疲力尽，一屁股坐到椅子上。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Unfamiliar （familiar） with the new rules， they missed out on a team medal and finished fourth.
②She is smiling， cheerful （cheer） and full of energy today.
【学会表达】完成句子
③既沮丧又无助，埃里克独自站在那里，不知道下一步该做什么。
Depressed and helpless， Eric stood there alone， not knowing what to do next.
维度一　高频词汇
（一）写出下列单词和短语的英文
1.minimum n. 最小值；最少量　adj. 最低（限度）的；最小的
2.slice n. （切下的食物）薄片　vt. 把……切成薄片
3.junk n. 无用的东西
4.stuff vt. 填满；把……塞进　n. 东西；物品
5.temper n. 脾气；火气
6.consist vi. 由……组成（或构成）
7.recipe n. 烹饪法；食谱
8.consist of 由……组成（或构成）
9.slice ... off 切下
10.prior to 在……之前的
（二）写出下列句子中加黑部分的汉语释义
1.The wine made him bold enough to approach them.大胆自信的
2.Dim sum is an important part in tea house， by which its making and variety can fully reveal the quality of the tea house.点心（中国食品）
3.It held two thick pieces of bread with a slice of something laid between them.薄片
4.What's all that sticky stuff on the carpet？东西
5.The work was done with the minimum amount of effort.最小的
维度二　语境运用
（三）根据语境填入恰当的内容
1.Success consists in the ability to continue efforts throughout failures.
2.Be very careful with the stuff； it can be dangerous if it isn't handled properly.
3.It was her natural elegance （elegant） that struck me.
4.When the oil is hot， add the sliced （slice） onion.
5.Costs should be kept to a minimum.
（四）用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的加黑部分
1.Never go to a speech without some previous work on it.prior
2.Before he died he had drank a large quantity of alcohol.consumed
3.I wasn't brave enough to tell her what I thought of her.bold
4.The restaurant's dish is of a distinctive style and very popular among local residents.cuisine
5.The band did some great things on their first album.stuff
维度三　能力提升
（五）长难句分析
　Joe struggled to handle his school work day and night， but what made him upset was that it did not work—until one stormy afternoon.
分析：整句是but连接的并列句。前一分句主干是Joe struggled to handle his school work，是“主谓宾”结构，to handle his school work为不定式短语作宾语。后一分句主干是A was B，A＝what ... upset 是主语从句；B＝that it did ... afternoon是表语从句。
（六）句型转换
1.They were excited and moved. They were in tears.（形容词作状语）
→Excited and moved， they were in tears.
2.She fails to get on well with her classmates at school. That is her biggest problem. （表语从句）
→Her biggest problem is that she fails to get on well with her classmates at school.
维度四　素养提升
（七）根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1.Prior to the accident （在事故发生前）， the car was traveling at a high speed.
2.The government consists of three branches （由三个部门组成）： the legislative，the executive，and the judicial.
3.He sliced a small piece off （切下一小块） the apple and ate it.
（八）翻译
1.这部电影比我预期的更令人兴奋。（even＋比较级）
The movie was even more exciting than I had anticipated.
2.我们需要同时促进经济增长和环境保护。（hand in hand）
We need to promote economic growth and environmental protection hand in hand.
课后课时作业（一）
较易题（占比70%）　中档题（占比30%）　拔高题（占比0%）
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
Alicia never thought her mother， Jiamin would operate a big business. Jiamin worked her whole life as a housewife and had never 　1　 a business before， but she wanted to do something 　2　. As the owner of the Oakland Fortune Factory， Jiamin delights in 　3　 how much people enjoy the unique flavors and designs of their cookies.
Jiamin moved with her family from Guangdong， China， to Oakland in 1999. She 　4　 Alicia in Chinatown， not far from the bakery， which they did not yet own. When the bakery was on the edge of shutting down in 2016， Jiamin decided to 　5　 it.
Running the bakery posed a number of 　6　. Much of the equipment had to be 　7　 and the facility needed improvement. Besides， Jiamin had no 　8　 of operating a business and couldn't speak English 　9　. Working by herself， she kept calling her daughter day after day， asking her for help. With their intense efforts， the bakery 　10　. After Alicia graduated from college， she moved back to 　11　 her mom.
Today， the business is boosting and the fortune cookies are becoming culture carriers. For example， some cookies feature traditional Chinese culture， 　12　 how amazing the Chinese nation is. To 　13　 the Year of the Tiger—Jiamin's birth year animal—the bakery made some of its cookies with the Chinese character for tiger.
“The tiger represents 　14　 and strength，” Alicia explained. “It really reminds me of my mom because she's a 　15　 and fearless woman who is protective of her family.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alicia （艾丽西娅）的妈妈贾敏以前从未做过生意，她接手了一个要倒闭的面包店，她不仅使面包店起死回生，还通过饼干传播了中国传统文化。
1.A.run B.sponsored
C.joined D.won
答案：A
解析：句意：贾敏做了一辈子的家庭主妇，以前从未做过生意，但她想做些不同的事情。run 经营；sponsor 赞助；主办；join 参加；加入；win 获得；赢得。根据后文“a business”可推知，此处指经营生意。故选A。
2.A.smart B.magic
C.different D.popular
答案：C
解析：smart 聪明的；magic 神奇的；different 不同的；popular 流行的；受欢迎的。根据前文可知，贾敏之前是家庭主妇；根据后文“As the owner of the Oakland Fortune Factory”可知，贾敏成了一个生意人，此处表示她想做一些和以前不同的事情。故选C。
3.A.imagining B.seeing
C.assessing D.proving
答案：B
解析：imagine 想象；see 看见；assess 评价；估计；prove 证实；证明。根据后文“how much people enjoy the unique flavors and designs of their cookies”可推知，人们喜欢自己的饼干是贾敏作为老板乐于见到的事情。故选B。
4.A.abandoned B.visited
C.raised D.trained
答案：C
解析：abandon 抛弃；遗弃；visit 参观；拜访；raise 抚养；train 培训；训练。主语“She”指代妈妈贾敏，宾语“Alicia”是其女儿，此处指妈妈养育女儿长大。故选C。
5.A.buy B.fund
C.expand D.leave
答案：A
解析：buy 买；fund 资助；为……提供资金；expand 扩大；增加；leave 离开。根据后文“Running the bakery posed a number of 　6　.”可推知，贾敏决定买下即将倒闭的面包店。故选A。
6.A.puzzles B.conflicts
C.challenges D.threats
答案：C
解析：puzzle 谜；疑问；conflict 矛盾；challenge 挑战；threat 威胁。根据后文“Much of the equipment ... speak English 　9　.”可知，接管这个要倒闭的面包店，贾敏需要面对很多挑战。故选C。
7.A.ordered B.transported
C.invented D.repaired
答案：D
解析：order 命令；订购；transport 运输；invent 发明；repair 修理。根据后文“and the facility needed improvement”可知，店里的很多设施需要改进，由此可推知，很多设备也需要修理了。故选D。
8.A.experience B.qualification
C.energy D.licence
答案：A
解析：experience 经验；qualification 资格；学历；energy 能量；精力；licence 许可证；执照。根据前文“Jiamin worked her whole life ... a business before”可知，贾敏一直是家庭主妇，没有经商的经验。故选A。
9.A.loudly B.efficiently
C.bravely D.fluently
答案：D
解析：loudly 大声地；响亮地；efficiently 有效率地；高效地；bravely 勇敢地；fluently 流利地。根据前文“couldn't speak English”可知，此处指贾敏不能流利地说英语。故选D。
10.A.broke up B.faded away
C.pulled through D.took over
答案：C
解析：break up 分手；解散；fade away 褪色；消逝；pull through 渡过难关；take over 接管；接收。根据前文“With their intense efforts”可知，她们付出了很多努力，此处表示在她们的努力下，面包店渡过了难关。故选C。
11.A.replace B.comfort
C.reward D.help
答案：D
解析：replace 替代；取代；comfort 安慰；reward 奖励；奖赏；help 帮助。根据前文“she kept calling her daughter day after day， asking her for help”可知，贾敏让Alicia帮忙，因此，Alicia大学毕业后，自然会回到面包店帮忙。故选D。
12.A.showing B.witnessing
C.predicting D.testing
答案：A
解析：show 展示；witness 见证；目击；predict 预言；预测；test 测试。设空后“how amazing the Chinese nation is”是前文“traditional Chinese culture”的具体所指，即饼干上所展示的中国文化。故选A。
13.A.describe B.admire
C.advertise D.honor
答案：D
解析：describe 描述；admire 羡慕；欣赏；advertise 做广告；登广告；honor 纪念；尊敬。根据后文“the bakery made some of its cookies with the Chinese character for tiger”可知，为了纪念中国虎年，面包店制作了一些虎年主题饼干。故选D。
14.A.justice B.courage
C.intelligence D.health
答案：B
解析：justice 公平；正义；courage 勇气；intelligence 聪明；智力；health 健康。此处与后文的“fearless （无畏的）”相呼应，表示“勇气”。故选B。
15.A.generous B.learned
C.determined D.curious
答案：C
解析：generous 慷慨的；大方的；learned 博学的；determined 有决心的；curious 好奇的。根据前文“Today， the business ... are becoming culture carriers.”可知，贾敏在面包店要倒闭时将其接手，并克服困难（如设备老旧、语言障碍），由此可知，她具备坚定的决心。故选C。
Ⅱ　七选五
Ahh ... Fish， chips and mushy peas！ There is nothing more British than fish and chips. Freshly cooked， boiling hot fish and chips， topped with salt and seasoned with vinegar， packed in newspaper and eaten outdoors on a cold and wintry day—it simply cannot be beaten！
　1　 Both Lancashire and London claim to be the first to invent this famous meal. Chips were a cheap， basic food of the industrial north while fried fish was introduced in London's East End. 　2　 So was born our national dish of fish and chips！
　3　 Mr Lees sold fish and chips from a wooden shelter in the market. Later he moved the business to a permanent shop across the road. However， in London， it is said that Joseph Malin， a Jewish immigrant， opened a fish and chip shop in Cleveland Way within the sound of Bow Bells in the 1860s.
Fish and chip shops were originally small family businesses， often run from the front room of the house and were commonplace by the late 19th century. Through the latter part of the 19th century and well into the 20th century， the fish and chip trade expanded greatly to satisfy the needs of the growing industrial population of Great Britain. Fish and chips became vital to the diet of the ordinary people. 　4　
In 1999， the British consumed nearly 300 million servings of fish and chips. That equates to six servings for every man， woman and child in the country. 　5　 That's eight for every one Burger King restaurant， making British Fish and Chips the nation's favourite take away.
A.It quickly became a favourite of the workers.
B.People soon decided to put fried fish and chips together.
C.John Lees owned a restaurant and sold the famous pairing.
D.So how， when and where did this British dish come about？
E.There are now around 8，500 fish and chip shops across the UK.
F.Some shops had to employ doormen to control the queue at busy times.
G.The first fish and chip shop in Lancashire is thought to have opened in 1863.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英式美食炸鱼和炸薯条的发展历程。
1.答案：D
解析：根据下文“Both Lancashire and London ... this famous meal.（兰开夏郡和伦敦都声称自己是这一著名美食的首创者。）”以及下文的介绍可知，本段讲述英式美食炸鱼和炸薯条的发展历程，D项（那么，这道英国菜是如何、何时、从何地产生的呢？）符合语境。故选D。
2.答案：B
解析：根据上文“Chips were a cheap ... London's East End.（薯条是北方工业地区的一种廉价的基本食物，而炸鱼则是在伦敦东区被引进的。）”和下文“So was born ... fish and chips！（我们的国菜炸鱼薯条就这样诞生了！）”可知，人们把炸鱼和炸薯条放在一起食用，便有了炸鱼薯条的诞生。B项（人们很快就决定把炸鱼和薯条放在一起吃。）承上启下。故选B。
3.答案：G
解析：根据下文内容可知，本段主要讨论的是第一家炸鱼和薯条店，G项（兰开夏郡的第一家炸鱼薯条店据说于1863年开业。）符合语境，G项具体回应了上文“兰开夏郡和伦敦争夺发明权”的争议，并与下文伦敦案例形成对比，体现地域竞争。故选G。
4.答案：F
解析：根据上文“Through the latter part ... ordinary people.”可知，本段主要讲述炸鱼和薯条成为重要的饮食，被大众所接受，F项（有些店在繁忙时不得不雇用门卫来控制队列。）承接上文。故选F。
5.答案：E
解析：根据上文“In 1999 ... fish and chips.”可知，英国人很喜欢吃炸鱼薯条，由此可推知，在英国有很多的炸鱼薯条店，E项（现在在英国大约有8，500家炸鱼薯条店。）符合语境。故选E。
Ⅲ　语法填空
Throughout history， many species of animals have been threatened with 　1　 （extinct）. When Europeans first arrived in North America， more than 60 million buffalo （水牛） lived on the continent. Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal's population 　2　 （fall） to about 400 before the government took action 　3　 （preserve） the species. In some countries today， the elephant faces a similar challenge， as illegal hunters kill the animals 　4　 the ivory （象牙） in their tusks.
　5　， not all animals with commercial value face this threat. The cow， for example， is a 　6　 （value） source of food， but no one worries that the cow will soon be extinct. Why does the commercial value of ivory threaten the elephant， while the commercial value of beef 　7　 （protect） the cow？
The reason is that elephants are a common resource， while cows are private goods. Elephants wander 　8　 （free） without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants as he can find. Because hunters are numerous， each has only a slight motivation to care for the elephant population. By contrast， cattle live on farms 　9　 are privately owned. Each farmer makes great efforts to maintain the cattle population on his own farm because he harvests 　10　 benefit of these efforts.
1.　　 　　2.　　 　　3.　　 　　4.　　 　
5.　　 　　6.　　 　　7.　　 　　8.　　 　
9.　　 　　10.　　 　
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。纵观历史，许多动物物种都面临着灭绝的威胁。本文解释了为什么象牙的商业价值威胁到大象，而牛肉的商业价值却保护了奶牛。
1.答案：extinction
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用名词作介词with的宾语，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填extinction。
2.答案：had fallen
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：然而，在19世纪，狩猎野牛是如此流行，以至于到1900年，在政府采取措施保护该物种之前，野牛的数量已经下降到大约400头。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语“by 1900”可知，设空处应用过去完成时。故填had fallen。
3.答案：to preserve
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处应用非谓语动词，在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式，表示政府采取行动的目的是保护物种。故填to preserve。
4.答案：for
解析：考查介词。句意：如今，在一些国家，大象面临着类似的挑战，因为非法猎人为了获取象牙而捕杀大象。根据句意可知，设空处应用介词，表示“为了”。故填for。
5.答案：However
解析：考查副词。句意：然而，并非所有具有商业价值的动物都面临着这种威胁。根据上文“In some countries today ... ivory （象牙） in their tusks.”及下文“not all animals ... face this threat”可知，设空处表示转折，且前面有逗号隔开，应用however。位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填However。
6.答案：valuable
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词source。故填valuable。
7.答案：protects
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：为什么象牙的商业价值威胁到大象，而牛肉的商业价值却保护了奶牛？叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时；设空处在句中作谓语，主语为the commercial value，谓语应用单数。故填protects。
8.答案：freely
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作状语，应用副词修饰动词wander。故填freely。
9.答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：相比之下，牛生活在私人拥有的农场。设空处引导定语从句，且在句中作主语，先行词为farms，指物。故填that/which。
10.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：每个农民都努力维持自己农场的牛的数量，因为他从这些努力中获得好处。根据benefit的后置定语“of these efforts”可知，此处特指这些努力的好处。故填the。
　精深阅读
Britons are well known for the amount of tea that they drink. The average person in the UK consumes around 1.9 kg of tea yearly. That's around 876 cups of tea. Tea is drunk by all sections of society. But tea is not native to Britain. Most tea is grown in India and China. So， how did it become an important part of British culture？
Tea arrived in London in the 1600s. At this time， British ships were exploring the world and came across the drink in China. It was not long before green tea was available to buy. However， this was only available to the richer sections of society.
At the beginning of the 1700s， the amount of tea arriving in Britain increased gradually. Black tea arrived at this time. At first people drank this tea exactly as it was in China. They soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar， giving the drink a special British characteristic.
In the 1800s tea was still a product enjoyed only by people with money. At this time they began to have “afternoon tea”. This involves drinking tea with a snack around 4 pm to avoid feeling hungry between lunch and dinner. It is a tradition that is still going today but has become less popular in recent times.
In the late 1800s， the price of tea decreased sharply as more tea began to arrive on ships from India and China. It was no longer a drink just for rich people. Tearooms—shops where you could buy and drink tea—started to appear across the country. People enjoyed drinking tea and socialising in these places. At the start of the 20th century， Britons began to make tea in their homes whenever they felt like it. Kettles became necessary in every kitchen.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了茶在英国文化中的发展历史。
1.How does the passage mainly develop？
A.By providing examples.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By following the order of time.
D.By following the order of importance.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Tea arrived in London in the 1600s.”，第三段中的“At the beginning ... increased gradually.”，倒数第二段中的“In the 1800s ... with money.”和最后一段中的“In the late 1800s ... India and China.”以及“At the start of the 20th century ... they felt like it.”可推知，文章主要是按照时间顺序展开的。故选C。
2.What can we learn about British tea culture from Paragraph 1 and 2？
A.Tea reached Britain from China centuries ago.
B.Britons are famous for planting tea.
C.Green tea was popular in China.
D.Most tea is grown in Britain.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tea arrived in London ... the drink in China.（17世纪，茶来到伦敦。当时，英国船只正在探索世界，并在中国发现了这种饮品。）”可知，几个世纪前，茶叶从中国传入英国。故选A。
3.When was tea no longer a drink just for rich people in the UK？
A.In the early 1700s.
B.In the early 1800s.
C.In the late 1800s.
D.In the late 20th century.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In the late 1800s， the price of tea ... a drink just for rich people.”可知，在19世纪后期茶叶的价格急剧下降，茶不再是英国富人的专属饮品。故选C。
4.What is the author's purpose of writing this article？
A.To describe how to drink tea.
B.To explain why people love tea.
C.To compare black tea with green tea.
D.To introduce the history of British tea culture.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Most tea ... British culture？”，第二段中的“Tea arrived in London in the 1600s.”，第三段中的“At the beginning ... increased gradually.”和最后一段中的“At the start ... in every kitchen.”可推知，作者主要是为了介绍茶在英国文化中的发展历史。故选D。
精深阅读——好词句小练
（一）热词
1.average adj. 平均的；普通的，平常的
2.section n. 阶层；界
3.available adj. 可用的，可获得的
4.characteristic n. 特征，特点，特色　adj. 独特的，特有的
5.sharply adv. 急剧地，突然大幅度地
（二）高频短语
1.be native to 原产于……；源于……的
2.come across 偶然遇见
3.the amount of ……的数量，……的数额
4.mix ... with ... 把……与……混合在一起
5.avoid doing sth 避免做某事
（三）根据语境填入恰当的内容
1.It was not long before I tracked down the lost watch.
2.It is well known （know） that bamboo shoots are a panda's staple diet.
3.The building looks exactly （exact） as it did when it was built in 1877.
（四）写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
1.Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease.增加
2.There's a tradition in our family that we have a party on New Year's Eve.传统
3.This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year.减少
（五）用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1.It suddenly became fashionable for politicians to talk about green issues.popular
2.Parents play a（n） crucial role in preparing their child for school.important
3.She acts well but she hasn't got star quality.characteristic
（六）长难句分析
　They soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar， giving the drink a special British characteristic.
句意：他们很快发现，它与少量牛奶和糖混合得非常好，使这种饮料具有英国特色。
分析：句子主干为They discovered that ...，是“主谓宾”结构。that引导宾语从句； giving ... 是现在分词短语作结果状语。
（七）根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1.I think part of her problem （她的部分问题） is that she doesn't listen carefully enough to what other people say.
2.The panda is native to （源于） China， proudly called the “national treasure”.
（八）仿写句子
　Relax and take a rest whenever you feel that you need one.（让步状语从句）
仿写：无论你什么时候面对困难，请不要灰心。
Whenever you are faced with difficulties， please don't lose heart.
课后课时作业（二）
较易题（占比50%）　中档题（占比50%）　拔高题（占比0%）
题号 A B
难度 ★ ★★
　　阅读
A
Wilberforce Tushemereirwe holds up a genetically modified banana that took millions of dollars and 20 years to make. It contains a large amount of provitamin A， a substance that transforms into vitamin A in the body. This “super banana” was created at Uganda's National Agricultural Research Laboratories for the noblest of causes： to save the lives of thousands of children who die in Uganda every year from a lack of vitamin A.
Vitamin A shortage remains a serious global public health problem. The World Health Organization estimates that 190 million preschool children suffer from vitamin A shortage today， mostly in sub Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. It is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children. It also inhibits children's growth and weakens their resistance to illnesses so that many die from treatable diseases such as diarrhea and measles. In Uganda， one of the world's poorest countries， it remains high on the list of health risks， which makes it urgent to find ways to deal with the condition.
The Ugandan government has tried for decades to solve the problem—with limited success. Distribution of vitamin A capsules， for example， worked well in urban areas but failed to reach those most in need in rural areas. Increasing corn and wheat flour and eatable oils with vitamin A proved more effective. But those foods are not consumed in large enough amounts to make a meaningful difference. Bananas， a main staple of the Ugandan diet， seemed to be a better option.
Yet， one problem still remains. Fred Wanyu， a Ugandan tribal leader and linguist， says his ancestors considered the banana “the mother of society”. Farmers worry that a new super banana will distort （扭曲） Ugandan banana culture dramatically. Though he respects the ancestors， Wanyu also believes that if a little piece of banana is added to a sister banana， developing into something better， “I think we will live in a better world.” “That's what many Ugandans wish for as they struggle their way out of malnutrition and extreme poverty.” “Culture is dynamic，” Wanyu said. “Otherwise， we would continue writing on stones.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型“超级香蕉”的诞生。
1.Why was the super banana created？
A.To increase the production of bananas.
B.To assist Ugandan people in fighting hunger.
C.To help the human body absorb more vitamin A.
D.To save children suffering from vitamin A shortage.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This ‘super banana’ was ... a lack of vitamin A.”可知，这种“超级香蕉”是由乌干达国家农业研究实验室研制出来的，目的是挽救乌干达每年因缺乏维生素A而死亡的成千上万名儿童的生命。故选D。
2.What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2？
A.To show ways of preventing vitamin A shortage.
B.To explain the leading cause of blindness in children.
C.To stress the urgency of developing the super banana.
D.To introduce some serious global public health problems.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In Uganda ... deal with the condition.（乌干达是世界上最贫穷的国家之一，它仍然在健康风险清单上名列前茅，因此迫切需要找到应对这种情况的方法。）”可推知，该段的主要目的是强调研制超级香蕉解决维生素A缺乏问题的迫切性。故选C。
3.What is Wanyu's attitude towards the super banana？
A.Positive. B.Doubtful.
C.Indifferent. D.Disapproving.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Wanyu also believes ... and extreme poverty.’（万宇还认为把一种香蕉通过转基因技术嫁接到另一种香蕉上，可以得到更好的香蕉，‘我想我们会生活在一个更好的世界。’‘这也是许多乌干达人在努力摆脱营养不良和极端贫困时所希望的。’）”可推知，他对超级香蕉持积极的态度。故选A。
4.What's the best title for the text？
A.Advantages of “Super Banana”
B.Exploration of “Super Banana”
C.Wide Spread of “Super Banana”
D.Large Output of “Super Banana”
答案：B
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的“This ‘super banana’ was created ... a lack of vitamin A.”可知，文章主要介绍乌干达国家农业研究实验室为了挽救每年因缺乏维生素A而死亡的成千上万名儿童的生命，不断努力，最终研制出“超级香蕉”。由此可知，B项（“超级香蕉”的探索）最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
B
　　Beijing is no stranger to Western food. American restaurants like McDonald's and KFC have brought more Western dishes to the local food scene in recent years. Now， two new restaurants have joined them.
In August， Taco Bell and Shake Shack opened their doors to eager customers in Beijing. Taco Bell is a popular American fast food restaurant that features Mexican food. Hard and soft shell tacos are a staple （主食） on the menu； they are generally served with beef， lettuce and tomato. And of course there are burritos—chicken， beef or beans wrapped in a tortilla （墨西哥薄馅饼）. However， there are new menu items that are special to the Beijing location， such as the Yang Berry Freeze and Avocado Oolong Tea.
Shake Shack， known for its traditional American style hamburgers and milk shakes， is also serving up dishes that won't be found in branches outside of the capital. Harry Wang， who studied in the US， visited the restaurant soon after it opened. “The last time I had Shake Shack was more than a year ago when I was in the United States，” Wang said. “They are pretty similar to what we had in the United States， but there is a milkshake special to Beijing.”
The milkshake Wang referred to is the Hutong Hawthorn. The shake mixes hawthorn， a traditional Chinese snack， into a milkshake， a common ice cream drink in Western fast food. The Beijing Shake Shack also offers roasted chestnut ice cream.
Both restaurants also reflect elements of Chinese culture in their decorations. Shake Shack's windows feature cartoons showing hutong life， and Taco Bell has a picture of a palace at the Temple of Heaven on one of its walls.
From the design to the menus， the two restaurants are “adding a touch of local flavor”， noted China News.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了进入北京餐饮市场的两家新的美国餐厅的具体情况。
5.Why are McDonald's and KFC mentioned in the first paragraph？
A.To show the popularity of Western food in Beijing.
B.To lead up to the topic of new Western restaurants in Beijing.
C.To compare the differences between McDonald's and KFC.
D.To express the author's personal love of Western food.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Beijing is no stranger ... restaurants have joined them.（北京对西餐并不陌生。近年来，麦当劳和肯德基等美国餐厅将更多的西餐引入了当地的美食界。现在，两家新餐馆已经加入了它们的行列。）”可推知，本段提及麦当劳和肯德基是为了引出北京两家新的西餐厅这一话题。故选B。
6.What can we know about Taco Bell？
A.It is a traditional Mexican restaurant.
B.It has the same menu around the world.
C.It is a popular Mexican restaurant in China.
D.It is a fast food restaurant serving Mexican food.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Taco Bell is ... that features Mexican food.”可知，Taco Bell是一家很受欢迎的美国快餐店，以墨西哥菜为特色。故选D。
7.What does the underlined word “reflect” mean in the fifth paragraph？
A.Astonish. B.Present.
C.Deny. D.Arise.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“elements of Chinese culture in their decorations （中国文化元素在它们的装饰中）”以及“Shake Shack's ... its walls.（Shake Shack餐厅的窗户上有卡通漫画，展示了胡同生活，Taco Bell餐厅的一面墙上有天坛的宫殿的图片。）”可知，这两家餐厅在装饰上也体现了中国文化元素。由此可知，画线词与present （呈现）意义相近。故选B。
8.What does the article tell us about Taco Bell and Shake Shack？
A.They try to keep the original characteristics in all locations.
B.They will probably have more customers than KFC.
C.They make changes to the menu for Chinese people's tastes.
D.They like to work together with Chinese restaurants.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“From the design ... noted China News.（《中国新闻网》指出，从设计到菜单，这两家餐厅都‘增添了一点当地风味’。）”可推知，Taco Bell和 Shake Shack都根据中国人的口味对菜单做出了改变。故选C。
1.transform/tr?ns?f??m/v. 使改变形态；使改变外观
2.distribution/?dIstrI?bju??n/n. 分发；分配
3.scene/si?n/n. （事件发生的）地点，现场
4.suffer from 遭受；受……之苦
5.make a difference 有影响；起作用
6.refer to 提到；谈及；涉及；参考
　精深阅读
Chinese people take their food and eat it extremely seriously. Eating is a communal， social， and human experience in China. Sharing a meal is a sign of friendship and trust. Eating plays a central role in friendship， business， medicine， family and love. In short， food is life.
When eating， the rice is separated into your own personal bowl， but the dishes are placed in communal bowls in the centre of the table and everybody helps themselves with chopsticks. It's considered polite， and a sign of respect and friendship， to encourage other people to eat plenty of the good bits， even to pick up food with your chopsticks and drop it into their rice bowls for them.
Food is an important component of weddings， funerals and almost all Chinese festivals. New Year's Day is the time for dumplings； the Dragon Boat Festival is the time for sticky rice zongzi wrapped in leaves， and the Mid－Autumn Festival is the time for mooncakes. The dinner table is the best forum to close business deals， and it's the number one thing to do with friends.
Chinese women express their admiration for the opposite sex by cooking delicious meals of many courses， and these days it's the other way round， too.
In short， if you want to get to know Chinese people， understand Chinese culture and thinking and get into Chinese life， you have to eat and appreciate Chinese food.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国食物的重要性。
1.In the first paragraph， what does the author mean by saying “food is life”？
A.Without food， there will be no life.
B.Food is as important as life.
C.We must take food seriously.
D.We must eat food every day.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Eating plays ... family and love.（饮食在友谊、商业、医学、家庭和爱中起着核心作用。）”可知，食物在各个方面起着核心作用，对于中国人来说是非常重要的，由此可推知，food is life表示食物的重要性，意为“食物和生命一样重要”。故选B。
2.Eating plays a central role in the following aspects except 　　　　.
A.friendship B.business
C.money D.medicine
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Eating plays ... family and love.”可知，饮食在友谊、商业、医学、家庭和爱中都起着核心作用，结合选项可知，不涉及金钱。故选C。
3.What's the representative food for the Dragon Boat Festival in China？
A.Dumplings. B.Moon cakes.
C.Noodles. D.Zongzi.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the Dragon Boat Festival is the time for sticky rice zongzi wrapped in leaves”可知，粽子是中国端午节的代表性食物。故选D。
4.What's the best title of this passage？
A.Eating Food in China
B.How to Make Chinese Food
C.The Importance of Chinese Food
D.Different Foods for Different Chinese Festivals
答案：C
解析：标题判断题。根据第一段中的“Chinese people take their food and eat it extremely seriously.（中国人对待食物和吃东西都非常认真。）”和最后一段“In short ... Chinese food.（简而言之，如果你想了解中国人，了解中国文化和思想，融入中国人的生活，你必须吃和欣赏中国食物。）”可知，文章主要介绍了中国食物的重要性。故选C。
精深阅读——好词句小练
（一）热词
1.seriously adv. 严肃地，认真地
2.funeral n. 葬礼，丧礼
3.wrap v. 包，裹
4.admiration n. 钦佩，爱慕
5.appreciate v. 欣赏，鉴赏；理解
（二）高频短语
1.in short 简而言之
2.be separated into 被分成……
3.pick up 拿起，拾起
4.the other way round 相反的位置、方向或顺序
5.get into 理解；进入
（三）根据语境填入恰当的内容
1.His eyes showed open admiration （admire） as he looked at her.
2.The kidney plays a vital role in the removal of waste products from the blood.
3.It alarms me that nobody takes this problem seriously （serious）.
（四）写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
1.The gap between the two top teams is closing all the time.缩小
2.She tried calming him down but it seemed to be having the opposite effect.相反的
3.It is considered bad manners in some cultures to speak with your mouth full of food.认为
（五）用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
separate， encourage, express
1．The teacher split the children into three groups.separated
2．I have voiced my objections to the plan to management.expressed
3．Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.encourage
(六)长难句分析
In short, if you want to get to know Chinese people, understand Chinese culture and thinking and get into Chinese life, you have to eat and appreciate Chinese food.
句意：简而言之，如果你想了解中国人，了解中国文化和思想，融入中国人的生活，你必须吃和欣赏中国食物。
分析：句子主干是you__have__to__eat__and__appreciate__Chinese__food。if 引导条件状语从句，从句中want后跟三个由and连接的动词不定式短语作并列宾语to__get__to__know__Chinese__people,__(to)__understand__Chinese__culture__and__thinking和(to)__get__into__Chinese__life。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．It is recognised that Chinese is playing__a__more__and__more__important__role (扮演着越来越重要的角色) in the world.
2．In__short (简而言之), people usually can't stand bad manners.
(八)仿写句子
Reading is of vital importance in language learning.(动名词作主语)
仿写：随着我们年龄的增长，学习会变得越来越困难。
Learning__becomes__more__and__more__difficult__as__we__get__older.
14(共148张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE 单元主题：人与自然/人与社会——饮食与文化
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
预习检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业（一）
5
课后课时作业（二）
6
预习检测 单词打卡
一 、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1.pepper n. _____________________
2.peppercorn n. _________
3.vinegar n. ____
4.onion n. ____________
5.lamb n. ______________
6.lamb kebab ___________
7.dim sum n. _______________
甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉
胡椒粒
醋
洋葱；葱头
羊羔肉；羔羊
烤羊肉串
点心(中国食品)
8.vegetarian n. ________
9.junk food (＝junk) ___________
10.garlic n. ____
11.bacon n. ______________
12.ham n. ______
13.sausage n. ___________
14.cabbage n. ______________________
15.bean curd n. (＝tofu) _______
素食者
垃圾食品
蒜
熏猪肉；咸肉
火腿
香肠；腊肠
甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜
豆腐
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1._______ n. 菜肴；风味；烹饪
2._______ vi. 由……组成(或构成)
3._______ n. 烹饪法；食谱
4.______ n. 厨师；主厨
5.______ n. (切下的食物)薄片　vt. 把……切成薄片
6.__________ n. 最小值；最少量　adj. 最低(限度)的；最小的
7._________ vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗
8._______ n. 脾气；火气
9._____ n. 无用的东西
cuisine
consist
recipe
chef
slice
minimum
consume
temper
junk
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1.priority n. 优先；优先权；优先考虑的事→_______ adj. 先前的；优先的
2.boldness n. 大胆；冒失；显著→_______ adj. 大胆自信的；敢于冒险的
3.elegance n. 优雅，雅致；简练→_______ adj. 精美的；讲究的；文雅的→_________ adv. 优美地
4.exception n. 例外，除外→___________ adj. 特别的；罕见的
prior
bold
elegant
elegantly
exceptional
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
stuff [熟义] n. ______________
[生义] v. 填满；把……塞进，填进　n. (泛指)说(或做)的事
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1.________ 在……之前的
2.__________ 由……组成(或构成)
3.__________ 切下
东西，物品
prior to
consist of
slice ... off
自主学习　课文语篇
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat Savarin1 once wrote， “Tell me2 what you eat3，
课文三维剖析
1　是The French author的_______
2　Tell的_______宾语
3_____从句，充当Tell的______宾语
同位语
CULTURE AND CUISINE
文化与美食
间接
宾语
直接
and4 I will tell you what you are.” Put more simply， this means “You are what you eat5.” Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating. However， Brillat Savarin was actually referring to our personality， character， and culture.
4　整句直接引语是and连接的并列句
5_______从句；what you eat是_______从句
宾语
表语
法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚 萨瓦兰曾写道：“告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。”简单地说，这句话就是“人如其食”的意思。如今，大多数人把这条谚语与健康饮食联系起来。然而，布里亚 萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、品格及文化。
6　作______；seems是________
7　状语
8　介词短语作experience的__________
9　状语
10　引导_____从句，修饰food
11　不定式短语作_____状语
12　引导______________从句
Certainly， in many ways this seems to be true6. Chinese cuisine is a case in point. Prior to coming to China7， my only experience with Chinese cooking8 was in America， with Chinese food9 that10 had been changed to suit American tastes11. For example， America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken， which12
表语
系动词
后置定语
定语
目的
非限制性定语
13　两个过去分词短语(covered ... 和flavoured ...) 作chicken的_________
14　does/do/did用于动词原形前，起_______谓语动词的作用
15　插入语
16　引导_______从句
17　引导__________从句
18　tells的______宾语
19______从句，充当tells的______宾语
consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce， flavoured with hot red peppers13. This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe， however， so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. On the other hand， it does14 tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us， for example15， that16 Americans love bold， simple flavours. And， since17 the dish was also invented recently， it tells us18that Americans are not afraid to try new foods19.
后置定语
强调
宾语
原因状语
间接
宾语
直接
当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜就是个很好的例子。来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。然而，这或许并不是地道的中餐做法，因此并不能让我们对中国人了解多少。不过在另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。例如，这道菜说明美国人喜爱浓烈、简单的口味。此外，由于这道菜也是新发明，说明美国人不惧怕尝试新的菜品。
20　不定式短语作chance的________
21　介词短语作_________
22　引导_________从句
23　不定式作place的__________
24　整句是由and连接的并列句
25　形容词和现在分词短语，
作__________
26　疑问词＋不定式，作idea的
_______
27　整句是由so连接的_______
Later， I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food20 by coming to China21. When22 my family and I had just arrived in China， we went looking for a good place to eat23 in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend， and24 finally， we found it. Tired， hungry， and not knowing a word of Chinese25， we had no idea how to order26， so27 the chef just began filling our table
后置定语
方式状语
时间状语
后置定语
原因状语
同位语
并列句
28　省略了引导词that的_______从句，修饰______
29　介词短语作__________
30　介词短语作pleasure的__________
31　作taste的_______
32　整句是由but连接的并列句
33______从句
34　过去分词短语作_________，修饰friendship
with the best food we had ever eaten28. With this29， we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste30： Sichuan peppercorns31. The food was wonderful and different， but32 what was even more important33 was the friendship offered us34.
定语
food
方式状语
后置定语
同位语
主语
后置定语
后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝地道的中国食物。我与家人刚刚抵达中国，便在北京找一个好地方吃饭。一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最终我们找到了这家餐馆。又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。于是，我们高高兴兴地体验了一种全新的口味：四川花椒。食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。
35　过去分词作dumplings的__________
36　过去分词短语作dumplings的__________
37　引导_______从句
38　介词短语作dish的__________
39　引导______________从句，解释说明____________
40　动名词短语作____语
We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled35 dumplings served with vinegar36. I observed that37 family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China38， where39 making dumplings40 has always been a family affair
前置定语
后置定语
宾语
后置定语
非限制性定语
North China
主
41　with复合结构(with＋everyone＋joining ...)是_______的后置定语；from the youngest to the oldest是__________的后置定语
42　引导______从句
43　过去分词短语作rolls的_________
with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help41. Later， I learnt that42 the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions43.
affair
everyone
宾语
后置定语
不久，我们到了位于华北东部的山东省。在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的水饺。我发现那里的人都很重视家庭。水饺已成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物；包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动，无论老少都会加入进来帮忙。后来，我了解到，最有名的山东食物是煎饼卷大葱。
44_______从句
45　作boiled or roasted meat的________
Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result， their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire44—usually boiled or roasted meat， such as lamb kebab45.
表语
同位语
随后，我们又到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。传统上，他们骑着马在广阔的草原上漫步。因此，他们的传统食物在篝火上烹制而成，通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如羊肉串。
46　from ... to ... 介词短语，作local dishes的_______
47______ 状语
Our travels then took us to South China， and then on to central China. In each place we went， we experienced wonderful local dishes， from Guangdong's elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan46. Everywhere， the food was as varied as the people. However， one thing is always true： Through food47， Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
同位语
方式
接着，我们前往华南，之后又去了华中。我们每到一处，都会品尝当地美食，有广东的精致点心——那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品——还有河南独特的烩面。所到之处的美食与当地人一样精彩纷呈。然而，有一件事始终不变：每个地方的中国人都通过食物展现友情与善意。
48　省略了引导词that/which的定语从句，修饰_______
49　tell sb sth，sb(us)是间接宾语
50　and连接三个what引导的_______从句，作_______宾语
51_______语
52　引导_______从句
53_______从句，修饰those
At a minimum， the kinds of food local people consume48 tell us49 what they grow in their region， what kinds of lives they lead， and50 what they like and do not like. Could we also say， for example51， that52 those who like bold flavours53 are bold themselves？
food
宾语
直接
插入
宾语
定语
54　连接两个由that 引导的______从句
55_______从句
56_______语
57_______从句
58　and连接两个并列句
59　引导__________从句
Or54， that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper？ Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say55， however56， is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand57， and58 if59 you do not experience one， you can never really know the other.
宾语
主语
插入
表语
条件状语
当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的爱憎。例如，我们是否也能这样推断，喜欢重口味的人性格粗犷？抑或喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气火暴？也许是的，也许又不是。但是，我们可以确定的是，文化和美食这两者息息相关，如果你没有体验过其中的一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个。
(一)段落主旨连线
阅读领悟
(二)“例如”的同义表达
for example 句首、句中、句末；通常列举一个人或东西
for instance ＝for example，但更高级；通常列举一个事件
such as 列举多个
like ＝such as
namely 列举全部
1.For example， air is invisible.
例如，空气是看不见的。
2.He， for example， is a good student.
例如，他就是个好学生。
3.What would you do if you met a wild animal—a lion， for example？
如果遇上野兽，例如狮子，你该怎么办？
4.You cannot rely on her. For instance， she arrived an hour late for an important meeting yesterday.
她这人靠不住，例如，昨天一个重要会议，她竟迟到了一个小时。
5.Some of the European languages come from Latin， such as/like French， Italian and Spanish.
有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语，例如，法语、意大利语和西班牙语。
6.He knows four languages， namely Chinese， English， Russian and French.
他精通四门语言，即汉语、英语、俄语和法语。
(三)介词短语作插入语
in fact， in one's opinion， in general， in a word， in other words， in a few words， of course， by the way， as a result， for example， on the contrary， on the other hand， to one's surprise， in short， as a matter of fact， in conclusion， in brief等
1.你不能再等了，换言之，你得立即出发。
You can't wait anymore—______________， you should start at once.
2.相反，我们应该加强和他们的合作。
______________， we should strengthen our cooperation with them.
in other words
On the contrary
合作探究 课时重点
探究一　热词
1.consist vi. 由……组成(或构成)；在于，存在于(教材P26)
consistent adj. 一致的；始终如一的
consistency n. 一致性；连贯性
consist of (无被动语态，不用于进行时)＝be made up of＝be composed of 由……组成(或构成)
consist in 存在于；在于；(以……)为主要组成部分
consist with 与……一致
be consistent with ... 与……一致
①Becker was never the most consistent of players anyway.
不管怎么说，贝克尔从来就不是一个很稳定的球员。
②The buffet consisted of several different Indian dishes.
自助餐由一些不同的印度菜组成。
③True education does not consist in simply being taught facts.
真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It's important to show some ___________ (consist) in your work.
②Her work is sometimes good， but the problem is she's not __________ (consist).
【学会表达】翻译
③对她来说，幸福就是看电视和读杂志。
____________________________________________________________________
④这道菜准备起来很简单，主要由米和蔬菜组成。
____________________________________________________________________
consistency
consistent
For her, happiness consists in watching television and reading magazines.
It's a simple dish to prepare, consisting mainly of rice and vegetables.
2.slice n. (切下的食物)薄片　vt. 把……切成薄片(教材P26)
sliced adj. (食物)已切成薄片的
a slice of 一片……
slice ... off 切下；割下
slice (sth) into ... (把某物)切成……
sliced noodles/ham/bread 刀削面/火腿片/面包片
①Typical hot pot dishes include thinly sliced meat， leafy vegetables， mushrooms， wontons， egg dumplings， tofu， and seafood.
典型的火锅菜肴包括薄切肉片、叶菜、蘑菇、馄饨、蛋饺、豆腐和海鲜。
②To keep slim， she only had a slice of bread for her breakfast.
为了保持身材苗条，她早餐只吃一片面包。
③Just slice enough meat off， and put the rest back.
切下来足够的肉，把剩下的放回去。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①I usually buy _______ (slice) bread—it's less bother.
②It demands great skill to slice the meat _______ such thin slices.
【学会表达】翻译
③早餐我吃了一片厚厚的黄油面包。
____________________________________________________________________
sliced
into
For breakfast I had a thick slice of bread and butter.
3.minimum n. 最小值；最少量　adj. 最低(限度)的；最小的(教材P27)
a minimum of 最少(的)；至少
at a minimum 处于最小限度；至少
at the minimum of cost 以最低的成本/代价
keep ... to a minimum 把……保持在最低限度
①The class needs a minimum of six students to continue.
这个班最少需要六名学生才可以继续办下去。
②At a minimum， you should spend two hours in the evening studying in order to catch up with your classmates.
为了赶上同学，你晚上至少应该花两个小时学习。
③I intended to keep digital devices in my life to a minimum.
我打算将电子设备在我生活中的比例保持在最低水平。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Try to keep any conflict between you and your partner ____ a minimum.
②____ a minimum， the space should not be dull and depressing.
【学会表达】翻译
③We need a minimum of ten people to play this game.
_________________________________________________________________
④He knew that he had not managed to get the minimum score required for a school athlete to remain in the school team.
_________________________________________________________________
to
At
我们至少需要十个人来玩这个游戏。
他知道自己没有达到校运动员留在校队所需的最低分数。
4.consume vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗；使充满(教材P27 )
consumption n. 消费，消耗；食用
consumer n. 消费者，顾客
consume sb (with sth) 使某人充满(强烈的感情)
consume away 毁灭；毁掉
energy/power/water/fuel consumption 能量损耗/能量功耗/耗水量/耗油量
consumer demand/choice/rights 消费者的需求/选择/权利
①She consumed a whole pizza in a matter of minutes.
她在几分钟内就吃掉了一整个比萨饼。
②Calorie consumption is linked to the amount of snacks one eats.
卡路里的消耗与零食的摄入量有关。
③I didn't even stop to think for a second about what I had said， because I was consumed with anger.
我甚至没有停下来一秒钟想想我说的话，因为我被愤怒吞噬了。
【小小语义场】消费类的相关表达
expenditure 支出；消费
expense 费用
spend on ... 在……方面花费
shopping mall 大型购物中心
over consumption 过度消费
go to the expense of 花费大量金钱
online shopping 网上购物
shopping addiction 购物成瘾；购物狂
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The food was not fit for human ____________ (consume).
【学会表达】完成句子
②我满怀愧疚，鼓起勇气，向他道歉，并保证这种事再也不会发生了。
___________________， I gathered my courage， apologized and promised that it would never happen again.
③在不需要时把灯开着会导致不必要的能源消耗。
Leaving the lights on when not necessary ______________________________
____________.
consumption
Consumed with guilt
contributes to unnecessary energy consumption
1.priority n. 优先；优先权；优先考虑的事→prior adj. 先前的；优先的
According to the prior traffic laws， buses have priority at this junction.
根据先前的交通法，公共汽车在这个路口有优先权。
2.elegance n. 优雅，雅致；简练→elegant adj. 精美的；讲究的；文雅的→elegantly adv. 优美地
Her elegance sets her apart from other journalists and I was extremely inspired by her elegant words.
她的文雅使她与其他记者区别开来，而且她优雅的语言给了我极大的启发。
3.exception n. 例外，除外→exceptional adj. 特别的；罕见的
At the age of five he showed exceptional talent in art， with the exception of music.
他五岁时除了音乐，在艺术上也表现出非凡的天赋。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She will be unable to attend because of a ______ (priority) engagement.
②Jimmy and his partner drifted _________ (elegance) around the room.
③The young surgeon showed ___________ (exception) competence.
prior
elegantly
exceptional
【学会表达】完成句子
④该建筑物在外观上是一项建筑杰作，精美雅致。
The exterior of the building was a masterpiece of architecture，_________________.
elegant and graceful
stuff
[熟义] n. 东西，物品
[生义] v. _______________________ n. ___________________
填满；把……塞进，填进
(泛指)说(或做)的事
①The fridge is stuffed to bursting.
冰箱满得都快撑破了。
②I've got loads of stuff to do today.
我今天有好多事要做。
【学会运用】同义词替换
①Every room must have been stuffed with material things. _______
【学会表达】翻译
②All that stuff she has been saying about you is just not true.
_________________________________________________________________
③我们得带上所有野营需要的东西。
_________________________________________________________________
filled
她说的关于你的那些话都不是真的。
We'll have to carry all our camping stuff.
探究二　长难句分析
Tired， hungry， and not knowing a word of Chinese， we had no idea how to order， so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.(教材P26)
又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
【分析】　整句是so连接的并列句。前一分句的主干为we had no idea，后一分句的主干为the chef began filling our table。tired，hungry 是形容词作状语，not knowing ... 是现在分词短语作状语；how to order是“疑问词＋不定式”结构作idea的同位语；we had ever eaten是省略了that的定语从句。
形容词(短语)可以作状语，表示方式、伴随、原因、时间、条件、让步、结果、状态等。
作原因状语，通常位于句首
作伴随状语，可以置于句首，也可以置于句末
作结果状语，一般位于句末
作让步状语，常由一个形容词(短语)或由or连接的两个及两个以上的并列形容词(短语)构成。常位于句首，也可位于句中
作时间状语，通常位于句首
①We stayed up late， anxious to wait for him to come back.
我们熬夜到很晚，焦急地等着他回来。
②Confident of passing the exam， he turned off the light and went to sleep.
他有信心通过考试，于是关灯睡觉了。
③Exhausted， he flopped down into a chair.
他筋疲力尽，一屁股坐到椅子上。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①___________ (familiar) with the new rules， they missed out on a team medal and finished fourth.
②She is smiling， _________ (cheer) and full of energy today.
【学会表达】完成句子
③既沮丧又无助，埃里克独自站在那里，不知道下一步该做什么。
____________________， Eric stood there alone， not knowing what to do next.
Unfamiliar
cheerful
Depressed and helpless
对点练习 巩固所学
维度一　高频词汇
(一)写出下列单词和短语的英文
1.__________ n. 最小值；最少量　adj. 最低(限度)的；最小的
2.______n. (切下的食物)薄片　vt. 把……切成薄片
3.______ n. 无用的东西
4.______ vt. 填满；把……塞进　n. 东西；物品
5._______ n. 脾气；火气
minimum
slice
junk
stuff
temper
6._______ vi. 由……组成(或构成)
7._______ n. 烹饪法；食谱
8._________ 由……组成(或构成)
9.__________ 切下
10.________ 在……之前的
consist
recipe
consist of
slice ... off
prior to
(二)写出下列句子中加黑部分的汉语释义
1.The wine made him bold enough to approach them.____________
2.Dim sum is an important part in tea house， by which its making and variety can fully reveal the quality of the tea house._______________
3.It held two thick pieces of bread with a slice of something laid between them.______
4.What's all that sticky stuff on the carpet？______
5.The work was done with the minimum amount of effort.________
大胆自信的
点心(中国食品)
薄片
东西
最小的
维度二　语境运用
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1.Success consists ____ the ability to continue efforts throughout failures.
2.Be very careful with _____ stuff； it can be dangerous if it isn't handled properly.
3.It was her natural _________ (elegant) that struck me.
4.When the oil is hot， add the _______ (slice) onion.
5.Costs should be kept ____ a minimum.
in
the
elegance
sliced
to
(四)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的加黑部分
stuff， bold， cuisine， prior， consume
1.Never go to a speech without some previous work on it._______
2.Before he died he had drank a large quantity of alcohol.__________
3.I wasn't brave enough to tell her what I thought of her._______
4.The restaurant's dish is of a distinctive style and very popular among local residents.________
5.The band did some great things on their first album._______
prior
consumed
bold
cuisine
stuff
维度三　能力提升
(五)长难句分析
Joe struggled to handle his school work day and night， but what made him upset was that it did not work—until one stormy afternoon.
分析：整句是but连接的并列句。前一分句主干是_________________________________，是“主谓宾”结构，to handle his school work为不定式短语作宾语。后一分句主干是A was B，A＝what ... upset 是_______从句；B＝that it did ... afternoon是_______从句。
Joe struggled to handle his school work
主语
表语
(六)句型转换
1.They were excited and moved. They were in tears.(形容词作状语)
→__________________________________________________________________
2.She fails to get on well with her classmates at school. That is her biggest problem. (表语从句)
→__________________________________________________________________
Excited and moved, they were in tears.
Her biggest problem is that she fails to get on well with her classmates at school.
维度四　素养提升
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1.___________________ (在事故发生前)， the car was traveling at a high speed.
2.The government ______________________ (由三个部门组成)： the legislative，the executive，and the judicial.
3.He _____________________ (切下一小块) the apple and ate it.
Prior to the accident
consists of three branches
sliced a small piece off
(八)翻译
1.这部电影比我预期的更令人兴奋。(even＋比较级)
____________________________________________________________________
2.我们需要同时促进经济增长和环境保护。(hand in hand)
____________________________________________________________________
The movie was even more exciting than I had anticipated.
We need to promote economic growth and environmental protection hand in hand.
课后课时作业（一）
较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
Alicia never thought her mother， Jiamin would operate a big business. Jiamin worked her whole life as a housewife and had never 　1　 a business before， but she wanted to do something 　2　. As the owner of the Oakland Fortune Factory， Jiamin delights in 　3　 how much people enjoy the unique flavors and designs of their cookies.
Jiamin moved with her family from Guangdong， China， to Oakland in 1999. She 　4　 Alicia in Chinatown， not far from the bakery， which they did not yet own. When the bakery was on the edge of shutting down in 2016， Jiamin decided to 　5　 it.
Running the bakery posed a number of 　6　. Much of the equipment had to be 　7　 and the facility needed improvement. Besides， Jiamin had no 　8　 of operating a business and couldn't speak English 　9　. Working by herself， she kept calling her daughter day after day， asking her for help. With their intense efforts， the bakery 　10　. After Alicia graduated from college， she moved back to 　11　 her mom.
Today， the business is boosting and the fortune cookies are becoming culture carriers. For example， some cookies feature traditional Chinese culture， 　12　 how amazing the Chinese nation is. To 　13　 the Year of the Tiger—Jiamin's birth year animal—the bakery made some of its cookies with the Chinese character for tiger.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alicia (艾丽西娅)的妈妈贾敏以前从未做过生意，她接手了一个要倒闭的面包店，她不仅使面包店起死回生，还通过饼干传播了中国传统文化。
“The tiger represents 　14　 and strength，” Alicia explained. “It really reminds me of my mom because she's a 　15　 and fearless woman who is protective of her family.”
1.A.run B.sponsored
C.joined D.won
解析：句意：贾敏做了一辈子的家庭主妇，以前从未做过生意，但她想做些不同的事情。run 经营；sponsor 赞助；主办；join 参加；加入；win 获得；赢得。根据后文“a business”可推知，此处指经营生意。故选A。
2.A.smart B.magic
C.different D.popular
解析：smart 聪明的；magic 神奇的；different 不同的；popular 流行的；受欢迎的。根据前文可知，贾敏之前是家庭主妇；根据后文“As the owner of the Oakland Fortune Factory”可知，贾敏成了一个生意人，此处表示她想做一些和以前不同的事情。故选C。
3.A.imagining B.seeing
C.assessing D.proving
解析：imagine 想象；see 看见；assess 评价；估计；prove 证实；证明。根据后文“how much people enjoy the unique flavors and designs of their cookies”可推知，人们喜欢自己的饼干是贾敏作为老板乐于见到的事情。故选B。
4.A.abandoned B.visited
C.raised D.trained
解析：abandon 抛弃；遗弃；visit 参观；拜访；raise 抚养；train 培训；训练。主语“She”指代妈妈贾敏，宾语“Alicia”是其女儿，此处指妈妈养育女儿长大。故选C。
5.A.buy B.fund
C.expand D.leave
解析：buy 买；fund 资助；为……提供资金；expand 扩大；增加；leave 离开。根据后文“Running the bakery posed a number of 　6　.”可推知，贾敏决定买下即将倒闭的面包店。故选A。
6.A.puzzles B.conflicts
C.challenges D.threats
解析：puzzle 谜；疑问；conflict 矛盾；challenge 挑战；threat 威胁。根据后文“Much of the equipment ... speak English 　9　.”可知，接管这个要倒闭的面包店，贾敏需要面对很多挑战。故选C。
7.A.ordered B.transported
C.invented D.repaired
解析：order 命令；订购；transport 运输；invent 发明；repair 修理。根据后文“and the facility needed improvement”可知，店里的很多设施需要改进，由此可推知，很多设备也需要修理了。故选D。
8.A.experience B.qualification
C.energy D.licence
解析：experience 经验；qualification 资格；学历；energy 能量；精力；licence 许可证；执照。根据前文“Jiamin worked her whole life ... a business before”可知，贾敏一直是家庭主妇，没有经商的经验。故选A。
9.A.loudly B.efficiently
C.bravely D.fluently
解析：loudly 大声地；响亮地；efficiently 有效率地；高效地；bravely 勇敢地；fluently 流利地。根据前文“couldn't speak English”可知，此处指贾敏不能流利地说英语。故选D。
10.A.broke up B.faded away
C.pulled through D.took over
解析：break up 分手；解散；fade away 褪色；消逝；pull through 渡过难关；take over 接管；接收。根据前文“With their intense efforts”可知，她们付出了很多努力，此处表示在她们的努力下，面包店渡过了难关。故选C。
11.A.replace B.comfort
C.reward D.help
解析：replace 替代；取代；comfort 安慰；reward 奖励；奖赏；help 帮助。根据前文“she kept calling her daughter day after day， asking her for help”可知，贾敏让Alicia帮忙，因此，Alicia大学毕业后，自然会回到面包店帮忙。故选D。
12.A.showing B.witnessing
C.predicting D.testing
解析：show 展示；witness 见证；目击；predict 预言；预测；test 测试。设空后“how amazing the Chinese nation is”是前文“traditional Chinese culture”的具体所指，即饼干上所展示的中国文化。故选A。
13.A.describe B.admire
C.advertise D.honor
解析：describe 描述；admire 羡慕；欣赏；advertise 做广告；登广告；honor 纪念；尊敬。根据后文“the bakery made some of its cookies with the Chinese character for tiger”可知，为了纪念中国虎年，面包店制作了一些虎年主题饼干。故选D。
14.A.justice B.courage
C.intelligence D.health
解析：justice 公平；正义；courage 勇气；intelligence 聪明；智力；health 健康。此处与后文的“fearless (无畏的)”相呼应，表示“勇气”。故选B。
15.A.generous B.learned
C.determined D.curious
解析：generous 慷慨的；大方的；learned 博学的；determined 有决心的；curious 好奇的。根据前文“Today， the business ... are becoming culture carriers.”可知，贾敏在面包店要倒闭时将其接手，并克服困难(如设备老旧、语言障碍)，由此可知，她具备坚定的决心。故选C。
Ⅱ　七选五
Ahh ... Fish， chips and mushy peas！ There is nothing more British than fish and chips. Freshly cooked， boiling hot fish and chips， topped with salt and seasoned with vinegar， packed in newspaper and eaten outdoors on a cold and wintry day—it simply cannot be beaten！
　1　 Both Lancashire and London claim to be the first to invent this famous meal. Chips were a cheap， basic food of the industrial north while fried fish was introduced in London's East End. 　2　 So was born our national dish of fish and chips！
　3　 Mr Lees sold fish and chips from a wooden shelter in the market. Later he moved the business to a permanent shop across the road. However， in London， it is said that Joseph Malin， a Jewish immigrant， opened a fish and chip shop in Cleveland Way within the sound of Bow Bells in the 1860s.
Fish and chip shops were originally small family businesses， often run from the front room of the house and were commonplace by the late 19th century. Through the latter part of the 19th century and well into the 20th century， the fish and chip trade expanded greatly to satisfy the needs of the growing industrial population of Great Britain. Fish and chips became vital to the diet of the ordinary people. __4__　
In 1999， the British consumed nearly 300 million servings of fish and chips. That equates to six servings for every man， woman and child in the country. 　5　 That's eight for every one Burger King restaurant， making British Fish and Chips the nation's favourite take away.
A.It quickly became a favourite of the workers.
B.People soon decided to put fried fish and chips together.
C.John Lees owned a restaurant and sold the famous pairing.
D.So how， when and where did this British dish come about？
E.There are now around 8，500 fish and chip shops across the UK.
F.Some shops had to employ doormen to control the queue at busy times.
G.The first fish and chip shop in Lancashire is thought to have opened in 1863.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英式美食炸鱼和炸薯条的发展历程。
1．答案：D
解析：根据下文“Both Lancashire and London ... this famous meal.(兰开夏郡和伦敦都声称自己是这一著名美食的首创者。)”以及下文的介绍可知，本段讲述英式美食炸鱼和炸薯条的发展历程，D项(那么，这道英国菜是如何、何时、从何地产生的呢？)符合语境。故选D。
2．答案：B
解析：根据上文“Chips were a cheap ... London's East End.(薯条是北方工业地区的一种廉价的基本食物，而炸鱼则是在伦敦东区被引进的。)”和下文“So was born ... fish and chips！(我们的国菜炸鱼薯条就这样诞生了！)”可知，人们把炸鱼和炸薯条放在一起食用，便有了炸鱼薯条的诞生。B项(人们很快就决定把炸鱼和薯条放在一起吃。)承上启下。故选B。
3．答案：G
解析：根据下文内容可知，本段主要讨论的是第一家炸鱼和薯条店，G项(兰开夏郡的第一家炸鱼薯条店据说于1863年开业。)符合语境，G项具体回应了上文“兰开夏郡和伦敦争夺发明权”的争议，并与下文伦敦案例形成对比，体现地域竞争。故选G。
4．答案：F
解析：根据上文“Through the latter part ... ordinary people.”可知，本段主要讲述炸鱼和薯条成为重要的饮食，被大众所接受，F项(有些店在繁忙时不得不雇用门卫来控制队列。)承接上文。故选F。
5．答案：E
解析：根据上文“In 1999 ... fish and chips.”可知，英国人很喜欢吃炸鱼薯条，由此可推知，在英国有很多的炸鱼薯条店，E项(现在在英国大约有8，500家炸鱼薯条店。)符合语境。故选E。
Ⅲ　语法填空
Throughout history， many species of animals have been threatened with 　1　 (extinct). When Europeans first arrived in North America， more than 60 million buffalo (水牛) lived on the continent. Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal's population 　2　 (fall) to about 400 before the government took action 　3　 (preserve) the species. In some countries today， the elephant faces a similar challenge， as illegal hunters kill the animals 　4　 the ivory (象牙) in their tusks.
　5　， not all animals with commercial value face this threat. The cow， for example， is a 　6　 (value) source of food， but no one worries that the cow will soon be extinct. Why does the commercial value of ivory threaten the elephant， while the commercial value of beef 　7　 (protect) the cow？
The reason is that elephants are a common resource， while cows are private goods. Elephants wander 　8　 (free) without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants as he can find. Because hunters are numerous， each has only a slight motivation to care for the elephant population. By contrast， cattle live on farms
　9　 are privately owned. Each farmer makes great efforts to maintain the cattle population on his own farm because he harvests 　10　 benefit of these efforts.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。纵观历史，许多动物物种都面临着灭绝的威胁。本文解释了为什么象牙的商业价值威胁到大象，而牛肉的商业价值却保护了奶牛。
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
1．答案：extinction
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用名词作介词with的宾语，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填extinction。
2．答案：had fallen
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：然而，在19世纪，狩猎野牛是如此流行，以至于到1900年，在政府采取措施保护该物种之前，野牛的数量已经下降到大约400头。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语“by 1900”可知，设空处应用过去完成时。故填had fallen。
3．答案： to preserve
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处应用非谓语动词，在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式，表示政府采取行动的目的是保护物种。故填to preserve。
4．答案： for
解析：考查介词。句意：如今，在一些国家，大象面临着类似的挑战，因为非法猎人为了获取象牙而捕杀大象。根据句意可知，设空处应用介词，表示“为了”。故填for。
5．答案： However
解析：考查副词。句意：然而，并非所有具有商业价值的动物都面临着这种威胁。根据上文“In some countries today ... ivory (象牙) in their tusks.”及下文“not all animals ... face this threat”可知，设空处表示转折，且前面有逗号隔开，应用however。位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填However。
6．答案： valuable
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词source。故填valuable。
7．答案： protects
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：为什么象牙的商业价值威胁到大象，而牛肉的商业价值却保护了奶牛？叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时；设空处在句中作谓语，主语为the commercial value，谓语应用单数。故填protects。
8．答案： freely
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作状语，应用副词修饰动词wander。故填freely。
9．答案： that/which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：相比之下，牛生活在私人拥有的农场。设空处引导定语从句，且在句中作主语，先行词为farms，指物。故填that/which。
10．答案： the
解析：考查冠词。句意：每个农民都努力维持自己农场的牛的数量，因为他从这些努力中获得好处。根据benefit的后置定语“of these efforts”可知，此处特指这些努力的好处。故填the。
Britons are well known for the amount of tea that they drink. The average person in the UK consumes around 1.9 kg of tea yearly. That's around 876 cups of tea. Tea is drunk by all sections of society. But tea is not native to Britain. Most tea is grown in India and China. So， how did it become an important part of British culture？
Tea arrived in London in the 1600s. At this time， British ships were exploring the world and came across the drink in China. It was not long before green tea was available to buy. However， this was only available to the richer sections of society.
精深阅读
At the beginning of the 1700s， the amount of tea arriving in Britain increased gradually. Black tea arrived at this time. At first people drank this tea exactly as it was in China. They soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar， giving the drink a special British characteristic.
In the 1800s tea was still a product enjoyed only by people with money. At this time they began to have “afternoon tea”. This involves drinking tea with a snack around 4 pm to avoid feeling hungry between lunch and dinner. It is a tradition that is still going today but has become less popular in recent times.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了茶在英国文化中的发展历史。
In the late 1800s， the price of tea decreased sharply as more tea began to arrive on ships from India and China. It was no longer a drink just for rich people. Tearooms—shops where you could buy and drink tea—started to appear across the country. People enjoyed drinking tea and socialising in these places. At the start of the 20th century， Britons began to make tea in their homes whenever they felt like it. Kettles became necessary in every kitchen.
1.How does the passage mainly develop？
A.By providing examples.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By following the order of time.
D.By following the order of importance.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Tea arrived in London in the 1600s.”，第三段中的“At the beginning ... increased gradually.”，倒数第二段中的“In the 1800s ... with money.”和最后一段中的“In the late 1800s ... India and China.”以及“At the start of the 20th century ... they felt like it.”可推知，文章主要是按照时间顺序展开的。故选C。
2.What can we learn about British tea culture from Paragraph 1 and 2？
A.Tea reached Britain from China centuries ago.
B.Britons are famous for planting tea.
C.Green tea was popular in China.
D.Most tea is grown in Britain.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tea arrived in London ... the drink in China.(17世纪，茶来到伦敦。当时，英国船只正在探索世界，并在中国发现了这种饮品。)”可知，几个世纪前，茶叶从中国传入英国。故选A。
3.When was tea no longer a drink just for rich people in the UK？
A.In the early 1700s.
B.In the early 1800s.
C.In the late 1800s.
D.In the late 20th century.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In the late 1800s， the price of tea ... a drink just for rich people.”可知，在19世纪后期茶叶的价格急剧下降，茶不再是英国富人的专属饮品。故选C。
4.What is the author's purpose of writing this article？
A.To describe how to drink tea.
B.To explain why people love tea.
C.To compare black tea with green tea.
D.To introduce the history of British tea culture.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Most tea ... British culture？”，第二段中的“Tea arrived in London in the 1600s.”，第三段中的“At the beginning ... increased gradually.”和最后一段中的“At the start ... in every kitchen.”可推知，作者主要是为了介绍茶在英国文化中的发展历史。故选D。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1.________ adj. 平均的；普通的，平常的
2.section n. __________
3.available adj. _________________
4. _____________ n. 特征，特点，特色　adj. 独特的，特有的
5. _______ adv. 急剧地，突然大幅度地
average
阶层；界
可用的，可获得的
characteristic
sharply
(二)高频短语
1.___________ 原产于……；源于……的
2. ___________ 偶然遇见
3. _____________ ……的数量，……的数额
4.mix ... with ... ________________________
5. ______________ 避免做某事
be native to
come across
the amount of
把……与……混合在一起
avoid doing sth
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1.It was not long _______ I tracked down the lost watch.
2.It is well _______ (know) that bamboo shoots are a panda's staple diet.
3.The building looks _______ (exact) as it did when it was built in 1877.
before
known
exactly
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
1.Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease. _______
2.There's a tradition in our family that we have a party on New Year's Eve. _______
3.This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year. _______
增加
传统
减少
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
characteristic， important， popular
1.It suddenly became fashionable for politicians to talk about green issues.________
2.Parents play a(n) crucial role in preparing their child for school. __________
3.She acts well but she hasn't got star quality. ____________
popular
important
characteristic
(六)长难句分析
They soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar， giving the drink a special British characteristic.
句意：他们很快发现，它与少量牛奶和糖混合得非常好，使这种饮料具有英国特色。
分析：句子主干为____________________，是“主谓宾”结构。that引导______从句； giving ... 是现在分词短语作___________。
They discovered that ...
宾语
结果状语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1.I think _________________ (她的部分问题) is that she doesn't listen carefully enough to what other people say.
2.The panda ____________ (源于) China， proudly called the “national treasure”.
(八)仿写句子
Relax and take a rest whenever you feel that you need one.(让步状语从句)
仿写：无论你什么时候面对困难，请不要灰心。
_________________________________________________________________
part of her problem
is native to
Whenever you are faced with difficulties, please don?t lose heart.
课后课时作业（二）
较易题(占比50%)　中档题(占比50%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 A B
难度 ★ ★★
阅读
A
Wilberforce Tushemereirwe holds up a genetically modified banana that took millions of dollars and 20 years to make. It contains a large amount of provitamin A， a substance that transforms into vitamin A in the body. This “super banana” was created at Uganda's National Agricultural Research Laboratories for the noblest of causes： to save the lives of thousands of children who die in Uganda every year from a lack of vitamin A.
Vitamin A shortage remains a serious global public health problem. The World Health Organization estimates that 190 million preschool children suffer from vitamin A shortage today， mostly in sub Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. It is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children. It also inhibits children's growth and weakens their resistance to illnesses so that many die from treatable diseases such as diarrhea and measles. In Uganda， one of the world's poorest countries， it remains high on the list of health risks， which makes it urgent to find ways to deal with the condition.
The Ugandan government has tried for decades to solve the problem—with limited success. Distribution of vitamin A capsules， for example， worked well in urban areas but failed to reach those most in need in rural areas. Increasing corn and wheat flour and eatable oils with vitamin A proved more effective. But those foods are not consumed in large enough amounts to make a meaningful difference. Bananas， a main staple of the Ugandan diet， seemed to be a better option.
Yet， one problem still remains. Fred Wanyu， a Ugandan tribal leader and linguist， says his ancestors considered the banana “the mother of society”. Farmers worry that a new super banana will distort (扭曲) Ugandan banana culture dramatically.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型“超级香蕉”的诞生。
Though he respects the ancestors， Wanyu also believes that if a little piece of banana is added to a sister banana， developing into something better， “I think we will live in a better world.” “That’s what many Ugandans wish for as they struggle their way out of malnutrition and extreme poverty.” “Culture is dynamic，” Wanyu said. “Otherwise， we would continue writing on stones.”
1.Why was the super banana created？
A.To increase the production of bananas.
B.To assist Ugandan people in fighting hunger.
C.To help the human body absorb more vitamin A.
D.To save children suffering from vitamin A shortage.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This ‘super banana’ was ... a lack of vitamin A.”可知，这种“超级香蕉”是由乌干达国家农业研究实验室研制出来的，目的是挽救乌干达每年因缺乏维生素A而死亡的成千上万名儿童的生命。故选D。
2.What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2？
A.To show ways of preventing vitamin A shortage.
B.To explain the leading cause of blindness in children.
C.To stress the urgency of developing the super banana.
D.To introduce some serious global public health problems.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In Uganda ... deal with the condition.(乌干达是世界上最贫穷的国家之一，它仍然在健康风险清单上名列前茅，因此迫切需要找到应对这种情况的方法。)”可推知，该段的主要目的是强调研制超级香蕉解决维生素A缺乏问题的迫切性。故选C。
3.What is Wanyu's attitude towards the super banana？
A.Positive. B.Doubtful.
C.Indifferent. D.Disapproving.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Wanyu also believes ... and extreme poverty.’(万宇还认为把一种香蕉通过转基因技术嫁接到另一种香蕉上，可以得到更好的香蕉，‘我想我们会生活在一个更好的世界。’‘这也是许多乌干达人在努力摆脱营养不良和极端贫困时所希望的。’)”可推知，他对超级香蕉持积极的态度。故选A。
4.What's the best title for the text？
A.Advantages of “Super Banana” B.Exploration of “Super Banana”
C.Wide Spread of “Super Banana” D.Large Output of “Super Banana”
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的“This ‘super banana’ was created ... a lack of vitamin A.”可知，文章主要介绍乌干达国家农业研究实验室为了挽救每年因缺乏维生素A而死亡的成千上万名儿童的生命，不断努力，最终研制出“超级香蕉”。由此可知，B项(“超级香蕉”的探索)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
B
　Beijing is no stranger to Western food. American restaurants like McDonald's and KFC have brought more Western dishes to the local food scene in recent years. Now， two new restaurants have joined them.
In August， Taco Bell and Shake Shack opened their doors to eager customers in Beijing. Taco Bell is a popular American fast food restaurant that features Mexican food. Hard and soft shell tacos are a staple (主食) on the menu； they are generally served with
beef， lettuce and tomato. And of course there are burritos—chicken， beef or beans wrapped in a tortilla (墨西哥薄馅饼). However， there are new menu items that are special to the Beijing location， such as the Yang Berry Freeze and Avocado Oolong Tea.
Shake Shack， known for its traditional American style hamburgers and milk shakes， is also serving up dishes that won’t be found in branches outside of the capital. Harry Wang， who studied in the US， visited the restaurant soon after it opened. “The last time I had Shake Shack was more than a year ago when I was in the United States，” Wang said. “They are pretty similar to what we had in the United States， but there is a milkshake special to Beijing.”
The milkshake Wang referred to is the Hutong Hawthorn. The shake mixes hawthorn， a traditional Chinese snack， into a milkshake， a common ice cream drink in Western fast food. The Beijing Shake Shack also offers roasted chestnut ice cream.
Both restaurants also reflect elements of Chinese culture in their decorations. Shake Shack's windows feature cartoons showing hutong life， and Taco Bell has a picture of a palace at the Temple of Heaven on one of its walls.
From the design to the menus， the two restaurants are “adding a touch of local flavor”， noted China News.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了进入北京餐饮市场的两家新的美国餐厅的具体情况。
5.Why are McDonald's and KFC mentioned in the first paragraph？
A.To show the popularity of Western food in Beijing.
B.To lead up to the topic of new Western restaurants in Beijing.
C.To compare the differences between McDonald's and KFC.
D.To express the author's personal love of Western food.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Beijing is no stranger ... restaurants have joined them.(北京对西餐并不陌生。近年来，麦当劳和肯德基等美国餐厅将更多的西餐引入了当地的美食界。现在，两家新餐馆已经加入了它们的行列。)”可推知，本段提及麦当劳和肯德基是为了引出北京两家新的西餐厅这一话题。故选B。
6.What can we know about Taco Bell？
A.It is a traditional Mexican restaurant.
B.It has the same menu around the world.
C.It is a popular Mexican restaurant in China.
D.It is a fast food restaurant serving Mexican food.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Taco Bell is ... that features Mexican food.”可知，Taco Bell是一家很受欢迎的美国快餐店，以墨西哥菜为特色。故选D。
7.What does the underlined word “reflect” mean in the fifth paragraph？
A.Astonish. B.Present.
C.Deny. D.Arise.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“elements of Chinese culture in their decorations (中国文化元素在它们的装饰中)”以及“Shake Shack's ... its walls.(Shake Shack餐厅的窗户上有卡通漫画，展示了胡同生活，Taco Bell餐厅的一面墙上有天坛的宫殿的图片。)”可知，这两家餐厅在装饰上也体现了中国文化元素。由此可知，画线词与present (呈现)意义相近。故选B。
8.What does the article tell us about Taco Bell and Shake Shack？
A.They try to keep the original characteristics in all locations.
B.They will probably have more customers than KFC.
C.They make changes to the menu for Chinese people's tastes.
D.They like to work together with Chinese restaurants.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“From the design ... noted China News.(《中国新闻网》指出，从设计到菜单，这两家餐厅都‘增添了一点当地风味’。)”可推知，Taco Bell和 Shake Shack都根据中国人的口味对菜单做出了改变。故选C。
精深阅读
Chinese people take their food and eat it extremely seriously. Eating is a communal， social， and human experience in China. Sharing a meal is a sign of friendship and trust. Eating plays a central role in friendship， business， medicine， family and love. In short， food is life.
When eating， the rice is separated into your own personal bowl， but the dishes are placed in communal bowls in the centre of the table and everybody helps themselves
with chopsticks. It's considered polite， and a sign of respect and friendship， to encourage other people to eat plenty of the good bits， even to pick up food with your chopsticks and drop it into their rice bowls for them.
Food is an important component of weddings， funerals and almost all Chinese festivals. New Year's Day is the time for dumplings； the Dragon Boat Festival is the time for sticky rice zongzi wrapped in leaves， and the Mid-Autumn Festival is the time for mooncakes. The dinner table is the best forum to close business deals， and it's the number one thing to do with friends.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国食物的重要性。
Chinese women express their admiration for the opposite sex by cooking delicious meals of many courses， and these days it's the other way round， too.
In short， if you want to get to know Chinese people， understand Chinese culture and thinking and get into Chinese life， you have to eat and appreciate Chinese food.
1.In the first paragraph， what does the author mean by saying “food is life”？
A.Without food， there will be no life.
B.Food is as important as life.
C.We must take food seriously.
D.We must eat food every day.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Eating plays ... family and love.(饮食在友谊、商业、医学、家庭和爱中起着核心作用。)”可知，食物在各个方面起着核心作用，对于中国人来说是非常重要的，由此可推知，food is life表示食物的重要性，意为“食物和生命一样重要”。故选B。
2.Eating plays a central role in the following aspects except 　　　　.
A.friendship B.business
C.money D.medicine
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Eating plays ... family and love.”可知，饮食在友谊、商业、医学、家庭和爱中都起着核心作用，结合选项可知，不涉及金钱。故选C。
3.What's the representative food for the Dragon Boat Festival in China？
A.Dumplings. B.Moon cakes.
C.Noodles. D.Zongzi.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the Dragon Boat Festival is the time for sticky rice zongzi wrapped in leaves”可知，粽子是中国端午节的代表性食物。故选D。
4.What's the best title of this passage？
A.Eating Food in China
B.How to Make Chinese Food
C.The Importance of Chinese Food
D.Different Foods for Different Chinese Festivals
解析：标题判断题。根据第一段中的“Chinese people take their food and eat it extremely seriously.(中国人对待食物和吃东西都非常认真。)”和最后一段“In short ... Chinese food.(简而言之，如果你想了解中国人，了解中国文化和思想，融入中国人的生活，你必须吃和欣赏中国食物。)”可知，文章主要介绍了中国食物的重要性。故选C。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1._________ adv. 严肃地，认真地
2.funeral n. ____________
3.wrap v. ________
4. __________ n. 钦佩，爱慕
5. __________ v. 欣赏，鉴赏；理解
seriously
葬礼，丧礼
包，裹
admiration
appreciate
(二)高频短语
1.________ 简而言之
2.be separated into ___________
3. ________ 拿起，拾起
4. __________________ 相反的位置、方向或顺序
5. ________ 理解；进入
in short
被分成……
pick up
the other way round
get into
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1.His eyes showed open __________ (admire) as he looked at her.
2.The kidney plays a vital role ____ the removal of waste products from the blood.
3.It alarms me that nobody takes this problem _________ (serious).
admiration
in
seriously
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
1.The gap between the two top teams is closing all the time._______
2.She tried calming him down but it seemed to be having the opposite effect. __________
3.It is considered bad manners in some cultures to speak with your mouth full of food. ______
缩小
相反的
认为
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
separate， encourage, express
1．The teacher split the children into three groups.__________
2．I have voiced my objections to the plan to management. __________
3．Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts. __________
separated
expressed
encourage
(六)长难句分析
In short, if you want to get to know Chinese people, understand Chinese culture and thinking and get into Chinese life, you have to eat and appreciate Chinese food.
句意：简而言之，如果你想了解中国人，了解中国文化和思想，融入中国人的生活，你必须吃和欣赏中国食物。
分析：句子主干是______________________________________。if 引导___________从句，从句中want后跟三个由and连接的动词不定式短语作并列宾语__________________________, ________________________________________和
______________________。
you have to eat and appreciate Chinese food
条件状语
to get to know Chinese people
(to) understand Chinese culture and thinking
(to) get into Chinese life
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．It is recognised that Chinese is __________________________________ (扮演着越来越重要的角色) in the world.
2．_______ (简而言之), people usually can't stand bad manners.
(八)仿写句子
Reading is of vital importance in language learning.(动名词作主语)
仿写：随着我们年龄的增长，学习会变得越来越困难。
________________________________________________________________
playing a more and more important role
In short
Learning becomes more and more difficult as we get older.