英语 选择性必修 第二册 RJ
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
——Building up your vocabulary——
一、构词法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
under 在……下，不足 underneath;__underwear;__underline;__undersea;__undersized
pre 前，预先 prevent;__present;__preschool;__preserve;__prewar
ic ……的，属于……的 electric;__historic;__dramatic;__heroic;__angelic
or 做……的人 operator;__director;__sailor;__actor;__inventor
tion 行为；情况；状态 radiation;__production;__attention;__introduction;__reduction
ment ……的行为(或结果) treatment;__appointment;__movement;__agreement;__management
ly ……地 extremely;__mildly;__strangely;__really;__strongly
ness 构成抽象名词，表示状态，性质 seriousness;__usefulness;__happiness;__darkness;__badness
二、准确理解词义
1．通过释义在词云图中选择合适的单词
①a thick material made of wool, etc. for covering floors or stairs carpet
②a few printed pages that are given free to advertise or give information about somethingleaflet
③a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as the result of a crime, a disease, an accident, etc. victim
④a part of the body that has a particular purpose, such as the heart or the brainorgan
⑤a small thin piece of steel that you use for sewing needle
⑥a vehicle with special equipment, used for taking sick or injured people to a hospital ambulance
2．选用上题的单词完成下列句子
①The children are the innocent victims of the fighting.
②Evidence shows that smoking harms nearly every organ of the body.
③The boy is badly injured and we have to give first aid and call for an ambulance．
④The carpet is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and tear.
——Discovering useful structures——
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．paramedic n. 急救医生；护理人员
2．bathtub n. 浴缸；浴盆
3．bath n. 洗澡；(BrE＝bathtub) 浴缸；浴盆 vt. (NAmE＝bathe) 给……洗澡
4．mosquito n. (pl.－oes, －os)蚊子
5．carpet n. 地毯
6．ambulance n. 救护车
7．needle n. 针；缝衣针；注射针；指针
8．IV needle 静脉注射针
9．vital sign 生命体征
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1．swallow vt.& vi. 吞下；咽下
2．wrap vt. 包、裹；(用手臂等)围住
3．slip vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜走 n. 滑倒；小错误；纸条
4．delay vi.& vt. 推迟；延期(做某事) vt. 耽误；耽搁 n. 延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1．elderly adj. 年纪较大的；上了年纪的(婉辞)→elder n. 长者；长辈
2．operator n. 电话接线员；操作员→operate v. 操作；运营→operation n. 操作；运营
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
ward [熟义] n. 病房
[生义] v. 避开；挡住；招架
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1．lead__to 导致
2．apply__...__to__... 把……应用于……；把……抹在……
3．allow__sb__to__do__sth 允许某人做某事
找出下列句子中的动词 ing形式，并写出其语法作用
1．I found him lying on the grass.lying；宾语补足语
2．The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. leaving；状语
3．The building being built now is our new gym.being__built；定语
4．Jordan says that the secret of his success is learning from failure.learning；表语
5．Having studied computer science is an important qualification for the job.Having__studied；主语
6．We get pleasure from loving others and being loved by others.loving;__being__loved；宾语
7．It is no use crying over spilt milk.crying；主语
8．Notices in the waiting room requested that you neither smoke nor spit.waiting；定语
探究一 热词
1.swallow vt.& vi. 吞下；咽下 n. 吞；咽；一次吞咽的量(教材P52)
swallow up 吞没，淹没；用尽，耗尽 swallow one's pride 忍耐，忍气吞声 at one swallow 一口吞下
①Icicles hung three feet or more from the roofs of the houses and snow swallowed up cars.
冰锥从房屋屋顶垂下三英尺或更长，积雪吞没了汽车。
②Sometimes you have to swallow your pride and accept that you're wrong.
有时候，你不得不忍耐，承认自己的错误。
③He downed the medicine at one swallow.
他一口便把药全吞下了。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Swallowing his (he) pride, he accepted the humble position offered to him.
②Many small businesses have been swallowed up by large companies.
③The soldier took the medicine at one swallow and the surgeon took away the rest.
【学会表达】翻译
④比赛那天早上，她太紧张了，咽不下任何东西。
On__the__morning__of__the__competition,__she__was__too__nervous__to__swallow__any__food.
2.wrap vt. 包、裹；(用手臂等)围住(教材P52)
wrap ... around ... 用……包裹……，用……裹身 wrap ... in ... 把……包在……里 wrap up (用纸、布等)包，裹；穿得暖和；圆满完成，顺利结束(工作、协议等)
①She wrapped a handkerchief around her bleeding palm.
她用手绢将流血的手掌包扎起来。(动作描写)
②Wrap the chicken in foil and cook it for two hours.
把鸡肉用箔纸包起来，烹饪两个小时。
③He spent the evening wrapping up the Christmas presents.
他花了一个晚上的时间包装圣诞礼物。
④Make sure you wrap up warm—it's freezing.
你一定要穿暖和点，太冷了。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①I wrapped a bandage around my ankle to give it some support.
②The nurse carried in a baby wrapped up in a warm blanket.
③Seeing him lying in bed with his legs wrapped in bandages, we felt sorry for him.
【学会表达】翻译
④我想赶快把这个会议结束，那我们就可以回家了。
I'd__like__to__quickly__wrap__up__this__meeting,__so__we__can__go__home.
3.slip vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜走 n. 滑倒；小错误；纸条(教材P53)
slip off/down/from 滑落；滑下 slip away/past/by 悄无声息地溜走 slip over 滑倒；摔跤 slip into 陷入(困境)；溜进；使滑入 slip out 无意中说出(或泄露) a slip of paper 一张纸条 a slip of the pen/tongue 笔误/口误
①It's very hot here and I sweat profusely, causing the eyeglasses to slip off my nose.
这里太热了，我汗流浃背，眼镜都从鼻子上滑下来了。(人物描写)
②Having got her confidence back, she wouldn't let it slip away.
她恢复了信心，不会让它溜走。
③She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg.
她在冰上滑倒，摔断了腿。(动作描写)
④It just slipped out one day that Dick was in the Secret Service.
一天，有人无意中泄露了迪克曾在特勤局工作。
⑤The dissidents exploited his slip of the tongue immediately and issued a statement.
持不同政见者立即利用了他的口误并发表声明。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①When we were walking along the river, we saw a man slip into the river.
②She wrote down her phone number on a slip of paper and gave it to me.
③Time is especially precious to me and I don't want to see it slip away/past/by．
【学会表达】翻译
④I didn't mean to tell you his name; it was a slip of my tongue at that time.
我不是有意告诉你他的名字的，只是一时口误而已。
⑤抱歉，我说了这样的话，这不过是无意中说出口的。
I'm__sorry__I__said__that;__it__just__slipped__out.
4.delay vi.& vt. 推迟；延期(做某事) vt. 耽误；耽搁 n. 延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟(教材P53)
delay doing sth 延迟做某事 delay in 耽误；延误 without delay 立即；毫不延迟地 time delay 延时
①He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment.
他推迟告诉她这个消息，等待合适的时机。
②There has been a delay in the book's publication.
这本书的出版出现了延误。
③All of a sudden, the ship met with an accident and the couple had no choice but to run to the life boat without delay.
突然，船发生了事故，这对夫妇别无选择，只能立即跑向救生艇。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He suggested that the problem be solved without delay.
②They delayed announcing (announce) the decision until next month.
③We apologize for the delay in answering your e－mail.
【学会表达】翻译
④If there is a delay of 12 hours or more, you will receive a full refund of the price of your trip.
如果延误12小时或以上，将全额退还您的旅费。
1．elderly adj. 年纪较大的；上了年纪的(婉辞)→elder n. 长者；长辈
The elderly people are elders of the village.
这些老人都是村里的长者。
2．operator n. 电话接线员；操作员→operate v. 操作；运营→operation n. 操作；运营
The new operator wasn't able to operate the machine well and his improper operation led to the breakdown of the machine.
新的操作员不能很好地操作机器，他的不当操作导致了机器的故障。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①An elderly (elder) patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone.
②The operator (operate) asked the caller to hold on until a connection was made.
【学会表达】翻译
③My father is rather elderly now and can't walk very fast.
我的父亲现在年纪大了，走路走不快。
④你认识住在马路对面的那个报务员吗？
Do__you__know__the__telegraph__operator__living__over__the__way
Ward
[熟义]n. 病房 [生义]v. 避开；挡住；招架
①It was also arranged for him to stay in the same inpatient ward with her daughter.
他还被安排和女儿住在同一个病房。
②Such a thin padded coat cannot ward off the cold mountain wind.
这么薄的棉衣在高山上挡不住寒风。
【学会运用】同义词替换
①Warm clothing and good food helps to ward a cold. avoid
【学会表达】翻译
②Some people think taking vitamin C can ward off colds.
有些人认为服用维生素C可以预防感冒。
探究二 动词－ing形式复习
动词－ing形式：包括传统语法的动名词和现在分词两个部分。
语法点1 动词－ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括动名词和现在分词两种
动词－ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。如：
①Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.(动名词作主语)
每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。
②She can't stand being looked down upon in public.(动名词作宾语)
她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起。
③His favourite exercise is playing football.(动名词作表语)
他最喜欢的运动是踢足球。
④Grandma came into my bedroom with a walking stick in her hand. (动名词作定语)
奶奶手里拿着拐杖走进我的卧室。
⑤The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.(现在分词作状语)
那个孩子滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。
⑥She couldn't have him getting away with telling lies.(现在分词作宾语补足语)
她不能容忍他撒了谎而不受惩罚。
⑦The sky is glowing with orange and pink.(现在分词作表语)
天空泛着橙粉色的光芒。
⑧The professor giving a speech about pollution is from Harvard University.(现在分词作定语)
正在做关于污染问题的演讲的教授来自哈佛大学。
完成句子
①在乡村旅行给我带来很多乐趣。
Traveling__around__in__the__countryside gives me much pleasure.
②如果你坚持这样做，你将不得不承担后果。
If__you__insist__on__doing__so,__you'll have to suffer the consequence.
③她的演讲很有趣，也很鼓舞人心。
Her speech is rather interesting__and__encouraging．
④不要在餐馆里犯令人尴尬的错误。
Don't get caught making__an__embarrassing__mistake at a restaurant.
⑤有人看见你爷爷正在花园里浇花。
Someone saw your grandfather watering__flowers in the garden.
语法点2 动词－ing形式的时态和语态
时态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
(1)现在分词的时态
现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。
当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用现在分词的一般式。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine.(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。
当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用现在分词的完成式。
Having finished the letter, he went to post it.(Having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。
(2)现在分词的语态
使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是现在分词的逻辑主语。
①Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)
完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。
②Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)
被带领参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
动词－ing形式的否定式：not＋v.－ing；not having＋v.－ed Not knowing this, he didn't come. 他不知道这件事，所以没来。 Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
单句语法填空
①Being__driven (drive) from their homes, people were terrified by the hurricane.
②Having__been__told (tell) many times, he finally understood it.
③Finding (find) the course difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
④Not__having__finished (not finish) the homework, she had to stay in the classroom.
⑤Having__lost (lose) his job, he had to struggle to make a living.
语法点3 动词－ing形式的其他特殊用法
(1)动词－ing形式前面有时可加名词所有格、物主代词或人称代词宾格。如：
①Sophia's having seen them did not surprise us.
索菲娅看到他们并没有让我们感到惊讶。
②I hope you don't mind my saying that.
我希望你不要介意我这么说。
③He said nothing about us losing the game.
他对我们输掉比赛只字未提。
(2)动词－ing形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。如：
在洗澡时，她看到水从浴缸的两侧漏了出来。
While having a bath, water leaked over the sides of the bathtub.(错误)
While having a bath, she saw water leaking over the sides of the bathtub.(正确)
(3)由before、after、when、while等引导的状语从句常常可以转换为对应的动词－ing 短语。如：
①被蚊子叮咬后，她在皮肤上涂了一些药。
After she had been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
→After having been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
②从浴缸里出来时，他滑倒在地板上。
When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
→When getting out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
(4)动词－ing形式用作定语时，可以表示被修饰名词所具有的性质特征(此用法几乎等同于形容词)，也可以表示正在进行的动作，或说明被修饰名词的用途。如：
a frightening experience(一次可怕的经历)
a swimming girl(一个正在游泳的女孩)
a swimming pool(一个游泳池)
完成句子
①她坚持要彼得先去那儿。
She insisted on Peter's__going__there first.
②在等待升职的机会时，亨利不遗余力地履行他的职责。
While__waiting__for__the__opportunity__to__get__promoted,__Henry did his best to perform his duty.
③最终，他牺牲在自己为之奋斗一生的手术台上。
Eventually, he sacrificed himself on the__operating__table for which he had fought all his life.
④我走进教室，发现里面一个人也没有。
Entering__the__classroom,__I found nobody in it.
⑤在欧洲旅行时，他发现了许多有趣的事件，体验了不同的文化。
While__traveling__in__Europe,__he found many interesting__events and experienced different cultures.
维度一 高频词汇
(一)写出下列词缀的含义及例词
1．under →在……下，不足→underneath;__underwear;__underline
2． tion→行为；情况；状态→radiation;__production;__attention
3． ic→……的，属于……的→electric;__historic;__dramatic
4． or→做……的人→operator;__director;__sailor
(二)选词填空
1．She slipped away without him being aware of it.
2．He was crying out in pain on the ground when the ambulance arrived.
3．She does some voluntary work, caring for the elderly．
4．He took the bottle from her hands and finished it off at one swallow.
5．She presented the children with chocolate wrapped in festival golden paper.
维度二 语法运用
(三)单句语法填空
1．Collecting stones and growing flowers are (be) my father's hobby.
2．The question being__discussed (discuss) at that moment was presented by the headmaster.
3．How do you think of the possibility of my (I) winning this scholarship
4．Though lacking (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.
5．Not__having__received (not receive) a reply, the anxious mother decided to send an e－mail to her daughter abroad again.
维度三 素养提升
(四)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．听到这个不幸的消息，他忍不住哭了出来。
Hearing__the__sad__news,__he couldn't help crying out.
2．不知道下一步该做什么，我们向老师求助。
Not__knowing__what__to__do__next,__we went to the teacher for help.
3．在得到适当的解释后，所有的学生都理解了那道难题。
Having__been__given__a__proper__explanation,__all the students worked out the difficult question.
(五)翻译
1．在和同学交谈时，我听说我们学校要组建一支乐队。
While__talking__with__my__classmates,__I__heard__that__a__band__would__be__formed__in__our__school.
2．被粉刷成白色后，房子变得更加漂亮了。
Having__been__painted__white__made__the__house__more__beautiful.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 完形填空
Todd and Donna woke up early one day to take pictures of the sunrise. While walking along the shoreline and enjoying the sights, Todd suddenly __1__ down. Donna thought her husband was __2__. However, she quickly realized this was no laughing matter. Todd's heart stopped beating and he turned __3__. Immediately she screamed for help.
Tyler Volpe, a __4__， was in the water when Todd came down. Volpe is also a physician assistant. He heard Donna's cries for help. “I knew it wasn't a __5__ scream，” he said. “I came flying out of the water.”
Volpe started chest compression (按压) while Roy, another surfer, breathed into Todd's mouth. Then, they switched __6__ with each other. “I really thought he was __7__，” Donna said. As Roy and Volpe continued CPR, Todd breathed __8__ a few times.
The tide was starting to come in. Other surfers used their boards to form a __9__ between the rescue effort and the water. “They kept him __10__ until the ambulance got there，” Donna said. “It could have been two minutes or 10 days. I was watching my life __11__ with his.”
Doctors used a defibrillator (除颤器) to shock his heart and __12__ his heartbeat. On the second shock, he regained his feel.
Todd and Donna planned to drive back home to New Jersey that morning, but decided to first take a walk on the beach. “It is lucky we didn't __13__ because it would have happened while we were driving home，” Donna said.
Donna __14__ a message asking if anyone knew the surfers who helped her husband—they wanted to __15__ them.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Todd (托德)和Donna (唐纳)去拍摄日出的照片，在海边散步的时候Todd心脏骤停，后来在冲浪者和很多好心人的帮助下，Todd的生命得到了拯救的故事。
1．A.fell B．sat
C．took D．broke
答案：A
解析：fall 落下，摔倒；sit 坐下；take 带走；break 打破。根据下文中的“Todd's heart stopped beating”可知，Todd心脏骤停，所以他突然摔倒。故选A。
2．A.sleeping B．lying
C．joking D．thinking
答案：C
解析：sleep 睡觉；lie 撒谎；joke 开玩笑；think 认为。根据下文中的“However, she quickly realized this was no laughing matter.”可知，Donna意识到，这不是开玩笑的事情，由此可知，此处指Donna认为她的丈夫在开玩笑。故选C。
3．A.red B．blue
C．green D．orange
答案：B
解析：red 红色；危险的；blue 蓝色的；发青的；green 绿色的；未成熟的；orange 橙色的。根据常识和上文中的“Todd's heart stopped beating”可知，Todd心脏骤停，脸色发青。故选B。
4．A.worker B．doctor
C．reporter D．surfer
答案：D
解析：worker 工人；doctor 医生；reporter 记者；surfer 冲浪者。根据下文中的“Volpe started chest compression (按压) ... breathed into Todd's mouth.”可知，另一位冲浪者做人工呼吸，由此可推知，Volpe (沃尔普)也是冲浪者。故选D。
5．A.loud B．normal
C．sudden D．lasting
答案：B
解析：loud 大声的；normal 正常的；sudden 突然的；lasting 持续的。根据上文中的“Immediately she screamed for help.”和“wasn't”可知，Donna发现Todd心脏骤停，她发出的求救声应该不是正常的尖叫。故选B。
6．A.positions B．clothes
C．boards D．apartments
答案：A
解析：position 位置；clothes 衣服；board 板；apartment 公寓。根据上文中的“Volpe started chest compression (按压) ... breathed into Todd's mouth.”以及“switched”和常识可知，在进行心肺复苏时，两个人应该是轮流着进行，所以此处指交换位置。故选A。
7．A.cold B．dead
C．safe D．lucky
答案：B
解析：cold 冷的；dead 死的；safe 安全的；lucky 幸运的。根据语境和上文中的“Todd's heart stopped beating”可知，Todd心脏停止跳动，所以Donna认为他真的死了。故选B。
8．A.quietly B．easily
C．deeply D．evenly
答案：C
解析：quietly 安静地；easily 容易地；deeply 深深地；evenly 平均地。根据上文中的“Todd breathed”可知，在心肺复苏的作用下，Todd深呼吸了几次。故选C。
9．A.sight B．bridge
C．link D．barrier
答案：D
解析：sight 视力；bridge 桥梁；link 联系；barrier 屏障，障碍。根据语境和上文中的“The tide was starting ... their boards to form”可知，涨潮的时候，其他冲浪者用冲浪板建立了一个屏障以挡住海水来帮助救援。故选D。
10．A.warm B．alive
C．positive D．brave
答案：B
解析：warm 温暖的；alive 活跃的；活着的；positive 积极的；brave 勇敢的。根据语境和下文中的“until the ambulance got there”可知，此处指的是这些救援者让Todd一直处于活着的状态，直到救护车的到来。故选B。
11．A.start B．develop
C．end D．continue
答案：C
解析：start 开始；develop 开发；end 结束；continue 继续。根据上文中的“It could have been two minutes or 10 days.”可知，丈夫处于危急时刻，性命攸关，Donna是非常焦急和绝望的，所以Donna觉得自己的生命要和Todd的生命一起结束了。故选C。
12．A.record B．review
C．repeat D．restore
答案：D
解析：record 记录；review 回顾；复习；repeat 重复；restore 恢复，使复原。根据常识和上文中的“Doctors used a defibrillator (除颤器) to shock his heart”可知，医生使用除颤仪是为了使Todd的心脏恢复跳动。故选D。
13．A.pay B．speed
C．pause D．leave
答案：D
解析：pay 支付；speed 加速；pause 暂停；leave 离开。根据下文中的“because it would have happened while we were driving home”可知，这件事有可能会发生在回家的途中，所以此处指的是幸运的是，他们没有离开。故选D。
14．A.answered B．learned
C．posted D．heard
答案：C
解析：answer 回答；learn 学习；post 发布，公布；hear 听到。根据下文中的“a message asking ... helped her husband”可知，此处指的是Donna发布了一条信息来寻找帮助Todd的冲浪者。故选C。
15．A.thank B．meet
C．accept D．miss
答案：A
解析：thank 感谢；meet 遇见；accept 接受；miss 错过；思念。根据上文中的“anyone knew the surfers who helped her husband”和常识可知，对于帮助过她丈夫的人，他们应该表示感谢。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
The possibility of being killed on a single airline flight is one in 4.7 million. Here are some lifesaving habits you are supposed to remember every time you fly.
Your carry on bag
The safest thing to do with your carry on is leave it on the plane. Flight crews ask you to keep your luggage clear of the aisles (通道) for a reason. __1__ With as few as 90 seconds to evacuate (撤离) a burning place, the precious time spent reaching for luggage could be a life and death decision for someone.
Your seat
__2__ The safest place to sit on a plane is behind the wings. A Popular Mechanics Study of 20 commercial jet crashes with both fatalities (死亡) and survivors found that passengers seated in the rear cabin (behind the wings) had a 69 percent chance of survival, compared with just 49 percent for those in first class.
During a crash
The first thing you should do during a crash is put on the oxygen mask the minute it drops.
During a loss of cabin pressure, the fall in oxygen can knock you unconscious in as little as 20 seconds. __3__ You can't help if you can't breathe.
Listen to your flight attendants. Most importantly, through any emergency, be nice to the flight attendant.
What to wear
__4__ The US National Transportation Safety Board says that 68 percent of plane crash fatalities occur in post crash fires, not in the initial impact.
Fortunately, here's what you can plan for days in advance while you pack your suitcase: on the day you're flying, avoid wearing synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon. Instead, choose natural materials like cotton or wool. It's also a good idea to wear long pants (like jeans) and a long sleeved shirt for extra protection from flames and sharp objects. __5__ Slippers might seem like a good idea for braving airport security, but in the chaos of a crash or evacuation, they'll only slow you down.
A．You can narrowly escape from an air crash.
B．Always secure your oxygen mask before helping others.
C．Good mentality (心态) of a pilot is a necessity for safe flight.
D．Besides, the best shoes to wear on a plane never leave your feet.
E．The safest way to dress on a plane is to avoid anything easy to catch fire.
F．In the event of an evacuation, you don't want it blocking an escape route.
G．In the event of an evacuation, the closer you are to an exit, the higher the chance you'll have to escape safely.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了每次坐飞机时都应该记住的一些逃生习惯。
1．答案：F
解析：根据上文“The safest thing to do ... aisles (通道) for a reason.(对你的随身行李最安全的处理方法就是把它留在飞机上。空乘人员要求你不要把行李放在过道上是有原因的。)”可知，F项(在疏散事件中，你不希望它挡住逃生路线。)解释了这样做的原因，且其中的it指代上文中的your carry on。故选F。
2．答案：G
解析：本段与Your seat有关，根据下文“The safest place to sit on a plane ... 49 percent for those in first class.”可知，本段主要讲述了飞机上乘客的位置与飞机失事中生还几率之间的关系，G项(在疏散事件中，你离出口越近，安全逃生的几率就越高。)概括本段内容。故选G。
3．答案：B
解析：根据上文“During a loss of cabin pressure ... as little as 20 seconds.(在机舱失压时，氧气的下降可以在短短20秒内使你失去意识。)”和下文“You can't help if you can't breathe.(如果你不能呼吸，你也没办法帮助别人。)”可知，B项(在帮助别人之前一定要戴好氧气面罩。)承上启下。故选B。
4．答案：E
解析：根据本段小标题“What to wear”以及下文“The US National Transportation Safety Board ... not in the initial impact.”可知，飞机失事时，多数死亡事件与火灾有关，E项(在飞机上最安全的着装方法是避免穿任何容易着火的衣服。)引出下文。故选E。
5．答案：D
解析：本段主题为What to wear，D项(此外，在飞机上穿的最好的鞋子是永远不会离开你的脚的鞋子。)符合语境。故选D。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Parents __1__ (advise) to include fish into their children's diets after __2__ study found eating one to three servings of fish each week is linked with higher IQs and better sleep.
The US researchers analyzed the IQs, fish eating habits and sleeping patterns of over 500 Chinese children __3__ (age) 9 to 11. They found children who ate fish weekly scored nearly five points higher on IQ tests than those who didn't. Children who had fish sometimes had a roughly three IQ point advantage __4__ those who didn't or rarely ate it.
The finding builds on __5__ (exist) research about the positive effects of Omega 3 fatty acids. “Omega 3s in fish have been tied to intelligence and sleep independently, __6__ they've never all been connected before，” a researcher said.
The study also questioned parents on their children's quality of sleep, including how often they wake in the middle of the night and “daytime sleepiness”. It found, “increased fish __7__ (consume) was associated with fewer disturbances of sleep.”
Researcher Pinot Martin said parents could give children fish as young as 10 months old and should start by about 2. For infants (婴幼儿), she said, make sure the fish is __8__ (fine) chopped (切碎) and has no bones.
“Introducing the taste early __9__ (make) it more acceptable，” Pinot Martin said. “It really has to be a lot of efforts, especially in a culture __10__ fish is not as commonly served.”
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，每周吃一到三次鱼与更高的智商和更好的睡眠有关。
1．答案：are advised
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Parents和谓语动词advise是被动关系，此处指的是“被建议”，应用被动语态，描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语Parents是复数，因此be动词用are。故填are advised。
2．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。study是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，意为“研究”，是可数名词，此处泛指“一项研究”，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
3．答案：aged
解析：考查词性转换。句意：美国研究人员分析了500多名9岁至11岁中国儿童的智商、鱼类饮食习惯和睡眠模式。形容词aged意为“……岁”，作后置定语修饰名词children。故填aged。
4．答案：over
解析：考查介词。固定短语have an advantage over意为“比……有优势”。故填over。
5．答案：existing
解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰名词research，应用形容词作定语，existing意为 “现有的”。故填existing。
6．答案：but/yet
解析：考查连词。句意：“鱼肉中的Omega 3与智力和睡眠有关，但它们以前从未有过关联，”一位研究人员说。此处表示转折，应用表示转折的并列连词but/yet。故填but/yet。
7．答案：consumption
解析：考查词性转换。句意：研究发现，“增加鱼类的摄入量可以减少睡眠障碍”。设空处应用名词consumption作主语，此处指的是“鱼类的摄入量”。故填consumption。
8．答案：finely
解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰动词chopped，应用副词finely作状语。故填finely。
9．答案：makes
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，因此谓语动词用单数。故填makes。
10．答案：where
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为culture，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
精深阅读
After a long day at the office, Jane Hodgson was on her way home and looking forward to relaxing with a nice cup of tea. While driving, she noticed that there was a car pulled over at the side of the road and a crowd had started to gather around someone who was lying on the ground.
Jane, who had completed first aid at the work course with the British Red Cross, pulled over to see if she could do something and it turned out to be lucky for the victim.
Describing the scene she saw, Jane says, “A crowd of onlookers gathered at the scene. A couple of young men were pale－faced and looking lost.”
They were completely terrified. When I walked up, first aid kit in hand, they said, “You're a first aider—Oh thank goodness.” They were so shocked that they hadn't even thought to call an ambulance yet.
A young girl called Jenny was lying there. It turned out that the teen had been hit by a car and gone over the handlebars of her bike, landing on her head and shoulder.
“I was worried because she had not been wearing a helmet when she got knocked down, and I thought that she should not be moved as I couldn't be sure about a spinal injury, but after looking her over, in relief, I felt fairly confident that she had escaped relatively unharmed. Even so, as time passed and we continued to wait for an ambulance, the amount of pain the girl was in was increasing. To avoid the risk of her going into shock I kept her talking. We chatted about her boyfriend and anything I could think of to keep her mind off the pain. She squeezed my hand when the pain got too much and this helped，” describes Jane.
Thinking back, Jane says, “I never did find out what happened to the girl. Apart from the boyfriend I wasn't thanked by anyone else, but that's OK. For me, knowing that in a small way I helped that girl through what was a frightening experience is all the reward I need. It felt great to know I'd made a difference.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jane Hodgson (简·霍奇森)在回家的路上遇到了一场交通事故，Jane在救助过程中判断受伤少女Jenny (珍妮)的伤情，并确保她保持清醒，帮助Jenny度过了可怕的经历，这让Jane意识到小的行为也可以起到很大作用。
1．What was Jane doing when she came across the accident
A．Driving home.
B．Repairing her car.
C．Drinking some tea.
D．Going to the first aid course.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“After a long day at the office ... who was lying on the ground.”可知，Jane遇到事故时正在开车回家。故选A。
2．Which part of Jenny's body might be worst injured
A．Her legs. B．Her hands.
C．Her head. D．Her stomach.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“It turned out that ... landing on her head and shoulder. (原来，这名少女被汽车撞了，从自行车的车把上翻了过去，头部和肩膀着地。)”和第六段中的“I was worried ... got knocked down (我很担心，因为她被撞倒时没有戴头盔)”可推知，Jenny的头部可能受伤最严重。故选C。
3．What mattered most in Jane's help
A．Calling an ambulance.
B．Offering some first aid.
C．Contacting the girl's boyfriend.
D．Keeping the girl awake.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“To avoid the risk of ... got too much and this helped”可知，在Jane的救助中让女孩保持清醒是最重要的。故选D。
4．What did Jane Hodgson learn from her experience of helping Jenny
A．Not all kindness needs reward.
B．First aid can save lives.
C．A small act can make a difference.
D．It felt good to learn first aid skills.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“For me, knowing that ... I'd made a difference.(对我来说，知道自己以微薄之力帮助那个女孩度过了一段可怕的经历，这就是我所需要的全部奖励。知道自己有所作为的感觉很棒。)”可推知，Jane Hodgson从帮助Jenny的经历中学到了小的行为可以起很大作用。故选C。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．scene n. 场景；场面
2．fairly adv. 相当地
3．relatively adv. 相对地；相当地
4．squeeze v. 紧握；捏
5．reward n. 奖励；回报
(二)高频短语
1．on__one's__way__(to__...) 在某人(去……)的路上
2．pull__over 靠边停车
3．turn__out__(to__be) 证明(是)，结果(是)
4．a__crowd__of 一群
5．apart__from 除了；除了……还
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．I have looked forward to visiting (visit) Hangzhou for many years.
2．She sighed in relief that it was all over.
3．She was terrified (terrify) at the thought of being alone.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
1．Did you see the girl standing by us in the lunch line—she looks so lost, so out of place.不知所措的
2．He isn't seriously injured but he is in a state of shock.休克
3．It was a very frightening experience and they were very courageous. 可怕的
(五)用方框中单词或短语的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．Ahead of departure, conduct your regular checks by examining the battery and tyres to ensure everything is in order.looking__over
2．Even though it often seemed too difficult to finish this task, he didn't give plete
3．The holiday mainly focuses on families and friends getting together for a meal.gathering
(六)长难句分析
For me, knowing that in a small way I helped that girl through what was a frightening experience is all the reward I need.
句意：对我来说，知道自己以微薄之力帮助那个女孩度过了一段可怕的经历，这就是我所需要的全部奖励。
分析：句子主干为knowing__...__is__all__the__reward，是“主系表”结构。knowing ... 是动名词短语作主语；that in a small way ... experience是宾语从句，该从句的主干是I__helped__that__girl；what引导宾语从句；I need是省略引导词that的定语从句。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．He saved the drowning boy at__the__risk__of__losing__his__own__life (冒着生命危险)．
2．Do something engaging that will keep__your__mind__off (使你不去想) your emotions.
(八)仿写句子
The old man was cheated while doing some shopping on the Internet.(状语从句的省略)
仿写：他们在看这部电影时深受鼓舞。
They__felt__inspired__while__watching__the__film.
1(共99张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 5 FIRST AID
单元主题：人与自我——急救
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
——Building up your vocabulary——
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
under ______________ __________； _________； __________； _________； ___________
_____ 前，预先 _______； _______； _________； ______； _______
ic __________________ _______； _______； ________； _______； _______
一、构词法
在……下，不足
underneath
underwear
underline
undersea
undersized
pre-
prevent
present
preschool
preserve
prewar
……的，属于……的
electric
historic
dramatic
heroic
angelic
_____ 做……的人 ________； ________； ______； _____； _________
tion _________________ ________； __________； ________； ____________； _________
ment __________________ _________； ___________； __________； __________； ____________
_____ ……地 ________； ______； ________； _____； _________
ness _________________ _________________ __________； _________； __________； ________； _______
-or
operator
director
sailor
actor
inventor
行为；情况；状态
radiation
production
attention
introduction
reduction
……的行为(或结果)
treatment
appointment
movement
agreement
management
-ly
extremely
mildly
strangely
really
strongly
构成抽象名词，表示状态，性质
seriousness
usefulness
happiness
darkness
badness
二、准确理解词义
1.通过释义在词云图中选择合适的单词
①a thick material made of wool， etc. for covering floors or stairs _______
②a few printed pages that are given free to advertise or give information about something ______
carpet
leaflet
③a person who has been attacked， injured or killed as the result of a crime， a disease， an accident， etc. _______
④a part of the body that has a particular purpose， such as the heart or the brain_______
⑤a small thin piece of steel that you use for sewing _______
⑥a vehicle with special equipment， used for taking sick or injured people to a hospital __________
victim
organ
needle
ambulance
2.选用上题的单词完成下列句子
①The children are the innocent _______ of the fighting.
②Evidence shows that smoking harms nearly every _______ of the body.
③The boy is badly injured and we have to give first aid and call for an __________.
④The _______ is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and tear.
victims
organ
ambulance
carpet
WELCOME UNIT
——Discovering useful structures——
预习检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预习检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1.paramedic n. ____________________
2.bathtub n. ____________
3.bath n. _____；(BrE＝bathtub) ___________ vt. (NAmE＝bathe) ___________
4.mosquito n. (pl. oes， os)______
5.carpet n. _______
6.ambulance n. ________
7.needle n. __________________________
8.IV needle ____________
9.vital sign __________
急救医生；护理人员
浴缸；浴盆
洗澡
浴缸；浴盆
给……洗澡
蚊子
地毯
救护车
针；缝衣针；注射针；指针
静脉注射针
生命体征
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1._______ vt.& vi. 吞下；咽下
2.______ vt. 包、裹；(用手臂等)围住
3._____ vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜走 n. 滑倒；小错误；纸条
4.______ vi.& vt. 推迟；延期(做某事) vt. 耽误；耽搁 n. 延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1.elderly adj. 年纪较大的；上了年纪的(婉辞)→______ n. 长者；长辈
2.operator n. 电话接线员；操作员→_______ v. 操作；运营→__________ n. 操作；运营
swallow
wrap
slip
delay
elder
operate
operation
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
ward [熟义] n. ______
[生义] v. 避开；挡住；招架
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1._______ 导致
2.____________ 把……应用于……；把……抹在……
3.________________ 允许某人做某事
lead to
apply ... to ...
allow sb to do sth
病房
自主学习 课时语法
找出下列句子中的动词 ing形式，并写出其语法作用
1.I found him lying on the grass. __________________
2.The fire lasted nearly a month， leaving nothing valuable. _____________
3.The building being built now is our new gym.________________
4.Jordan says that the secret of his success is learning from failure._____________
5.Having studied computer science is an important qualification for the job.
____________________
lying；宾语补足语
leaving；状语
being built；定语
learning；表语
Having studied；主语
6.We get pleasure from loving others and being loved by others.
___________________________
7.It is no use crying over spilt milk. ______________
8.Notices in the waiting room requested that you neither smoke nor spit.
_______________
loving； being loved；宾语
crying；主语
waiting；定语
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
1.swallow vt.& vi. 吞下；咽下 n. 吞；咽；一次吞咽的量(教材P52)
swallow up 吞没，淹没；用尽，耗尽
swallow one's pride 忍耐，忍气吞声
at one swallow 一口吞下
①Icicles hung three feet or more from the roofs of the houses and snow swallowed up cars.
冰锥从房屋屋顶垂下三英尺或更长，积雪吞没了汽车。
②Sometimes you have to swallow your pride and accept that you're wrong.
有时候，你不得不忍耐，承认自己的错误。
③He downed the medicine at one swallow.
他一口便把药全吞下了。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Swallowing ____ (he) pride， he accepted the humble position offered to him.
②Many small businesses have been swallowed ____ by large companies.
③The soldier took the medicine ____ one swallow and the surgeon took away the rest.
【学会表达】翻译
④比赛那天早上，她太紧张了，咽不下任何东西。
________________________________________________________________
his
up
at
On the morning of the competition, she was too nervous to swallow any food.
2.wrap vt. 包、裹；(用手臂等)围住(教材P52)
wrap ... around ... 用……包裹……，用……裹身
wrap ... in ... 把……包在……里
wrap up (用纸、布等)包，裹；穿得暖和；圆满完成，顺利结束(工作、协议等)
①She wrapped a handkerchief around her bleeding palm.
她用手绢将流血的手掌包扎起来。(动作描写)
②Wrap the chicken in foil and cook it for two hours.
把鸡肉用箔纸包起来，烹饪两个小时。
③He spent the evening wrapping up the Christmas presents.
他花了一个晚上的时间包装圣诞礼物。
④Make sure you wrap up warm—it's freezing.
你一定要穿暖和点，太冷了。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①I wrapped a bandage _______ my ankle to give it some support.
②The nurse carried in a baby wrapped ____ in a warm blanket.
③Seeing him lying in bed with his legs wrapped ____ bandages， we felt sorry for him.
【学会表达】翻译
④我想赶快把这个会议结束，那我们就可以回家了。
___________________________________________________
around
up
in
I’d like to quickly wrap up this meeting, so we can go home.
3.slip vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜走 n. 滑倒；小错误；纸条(教材P53)
slip off/down/from 滑落；滑下
slip away/past/by 悄无声息地溜走
slip over 滑倒；摔跤
slip into 陷入(困境)；溜进；使滑入
slip out 无意中说出(或泄露)
a slip of paper 一张纸条
a slip of the pen/tongue 笔误/口误
①It's very hot here and I sweat profusely, causing the eyeglasses to slip off my nose.
这里太热了，我汗流浃背，眼镜都从鼻子上滑下来了。(人物描写)
②Having got her confidence back, she wouldn't let it slip away.
她恢复了信心，不会让它溜走。
③She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg.
她在冰上滑倒，摔断了腿。(动作描写)
④It just slipped out one day that Dick was in the Secret Service.
一天，有人无意中泄露了迪克曾在特勤局工作。
⑤The dissidents exploited his slip of the tongue immediately and issued a statement.
持不同政见者立即利用了他的口误并发表声明。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①When we were walking along the river， we saw a man slip _____ the river.
②She wrote down her phone number on ___ slip of paper and gave it to me.
③Time is especially precious to me and I don't want to see it slip ___________.
【学会表达】翻译
④I didn't mean to tell you his name； it was a slip of my tongue at that time.
_________________________________________________
⑤抱歉，我说了这样的话，这不过是无意中说出口的。
__________________________________
into
a
away/past/by
我不是有意告诉你他的名字的，只是一时口误而已。
I’m sorry I said that; it just slipped out.
4.delay vi.& vt. 推迟；延期(做某事) vt. 耽误；耽搁 n. 延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟(教材P53)
delay doing sth 延迟做某事
delay in 耽误；延误
without delay 立即；毫不延迟地
time delay 延时
①He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment.
他推迟告诉她这个消息，等待合适的时机。
②There has been a delay in the book's publication.
这本书的出版出现了延误。
③All of a sudden, the ship met with an accident and the couple had no choice but to run to the life boat without delay.
突然，船发生了事故，这对夫妇别无选择，只能立即跑向救生艇。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He suggested that the problem be solved _______ delay.
②They delayed ___________ (announce) the decision until next month.
③We apologize for the delay ____ answering your e mail.
【学会表达】翻译
④If there is a delay of 12 hours or more， you will receive a full refund of the price of your trip.
___________________________________________
without
announcing
in
如果延误12小时或以上，将全额退还您的旅费。
1．elderly adj. 年纪较大的；上了年纪的(婉辞)→elder n. 长者；长辈
The elderly people are elders of the village.
这些老人都是村里的长者。
2．operator n. 电话接线员；操作员→operate v. 操作；运营→operation n. 操作；运营
The new operator wasn't able to operate the machine well and his improper operation led to the breakdown of the machine.
新的操作员不能很好地操作机器，他的不当操作导致了机器的故障。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①An _______ (elder) patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone.
②The ________ (operate) asked the caller to hold on until a connection was made.
【学会表达】翻译
③My father is rather elderly now and can't walk very fast.
_____________________________________
④你认识住在马路对面的那个报务员吗？
_________________________________________________
elderly
operator
我的父亲现在年纪大了，走路走不快。
Do you know the telegraph operator living over the way
①It was also arranged for him to stay in the same inpatient ward with her daughter.
他还被安排和女儿住在同一个病房。
②Such a thin padded coat cannot ward off the cold mountain wind.
这么薄的棉衣在高山上挡不住寒风。
Ward
[熟义]n. 病房
[生义]v. __________________
避开；挡住；招架
【学会运用】同义词替换
①Warm clothing and good food helps to ward a cold. _______
【学会表达】翻译
②Some people think taking vitamin C can ward off colds.
______________________________________
avoid
有些人认为服用维生素C可以预防感冒。
探究二 短语
动词－ing形式：包括传统语法的动名词和现在分词两个部分。
语法点1 动词－ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括动名词和现在分词两种
动词－ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。如：
①Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.(动名词作主语)
每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。
②She can't stand being looked down upon in public.(动名词作宾语)
她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起。
③His favourite exercise is playing football.(动名词作表语)
他最喜欢的运动是踢足球。
④Grandma came into my bedroom with a walking stick in her hand. (动名词作定语)
奶奶手里拿着拐杖走进我的卧室。
⑤The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.(现在分词作状语)
那个孩子滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。
⑥She couldn't have him getting away with telling lies.(现在分词作宾语补足语)
她不能容忍他撒了谎而不受惩罚。
⑦The sky is glowing with orange and pink.(现在分词作表语)
天空泛着橙粉色的光芒。
⑧The professor giving a speech about pollution is from Harvard University.(现在分词作定语)
正在做关于污染问题的演讲的教授来自哈佛大学。
完成句子
①在乡村旅行给我带来很多乐趣。
_____________________________ gives me much pleasure.
②如果你坚持这样做，你将不得不承担后果。
_____________________， you'll have to suffer the consequence.
③她的演讲很有趣，也很鼓舞人心。
Her speech is rather ________________________.
Traveling around in the countryside
If you insist on doing so
interesting and encouraging
④不要在餐馆里犯令人尴尬的错误。
Don't get caught ____________________________ at a restaurant.
⑤有人看见你爷爷正在花园里浇花。
Someone saw your grandfather _______________ in the garden.
making an embarrassing mistake
watering flowers
语法点2 动词－ing形式的时态和语态
(1)现在分词的时态
现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。
时态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用现在分词的一般式。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine.(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。
当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用现在分词的完成式。
Having finished the letter, he went to post it.(Having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。
(2)现在分词的语态
使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是现在分词的逻辑主语。
①Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)
完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。
②Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)
被带领参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
单句语法填空
①___________ (drive) from their homes， people were terrified by the hurricane.
②_______________ (tell) many times，he finally understood it.
③_______ (find) the course difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.
④________________ (not finish) the homework， she had to stay in the classroom.
⑤__________ (lose) his job， he had to struggle to make a living.
Being driven
Finding
Not having finished
Having lost
Having been told
语法点3 动词－ing形式的其他特殊用法
(1)动词－ing形式前面有时可加名词所有格、物主代词或人称代词宾格。如：
①Sophia's having seen them did not surprise us.
索菲娅看到他们并没有让我们感到惊讶。
②I hope you don't mind my saying that.
我希望你不要介意我这么说。
③He said nothing about us losing the game.
他对我们输掉比赛只字未提。
(2)动词－ing形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。如：
在洗澡时，她看到水从浴缸的两侧漏了出来。
While having a bath, water leaked over the sides of the bathtub.(错误)
While having a bath, she saw water leaking over the sides of the bathtub.(正确)
(3)由before、after、when、while等引导的状语从句常常可以转换为对应的动词－ing 短语。如：
①被蚊子叮咬后，她在皮肤上涂了一些药。
After she had been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
→After having been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
②从浴缸里出来时，他滑倒在地板上。
When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
→When getting out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
(4)动词－ing形式用作定语时，可以表示被修饰名词所具有的性质特征(此用法几乎等同于形容词)，也可以表示正在进行的动作，或说明被修饰名词的用途。如：
a frightening experience(一次可怕的经历)
a swimming girl(一个正在游泳的女孩)
a swimming pool(一个游泳池)
完成句子
①她坚持要彼得先去那儿。
She insisted on ________________ first.
②在等待升职的机会时，亨利不遗余力地履行他的职责。
__________________________________________， Henry did his best to perform his duty.
③最终，他牺牲在自己为之奋斗一生的手术台上。
Eventually， he sacrificed himself on _________________ for which he had fought all his life.
Peter’s going there
While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted
the operating table
④我走进教室，发现里面一个人也没有。
___________________， I found nobody in it.
⑤在欧洲旅行时，他发现了许多有趣的事件，体验了不同的文化。
______________________， he found many ______________ and experienced different cultures.
Entering the classroom
While traveling in Europe
interesting events
对点练习 巩固所学
维度一 高频词汇
(一)写出下列词缀的含义及例词
1.under →________________→__________； _________； _________
2. tion→__________________→________； _________； ________
3. ic→____________________→_______； _______； ________
4. or→____________→________； _______； ______
在……下，不足
underneath
underwear
underline
行为；情况；状态
radiation
production
attention
……的，属于……的
electric
historic
dramatic
做……的人
operator
director
sailor
(二)选词填空
elderly， swallow， slip， wrap， ambulance
1.She _______ away without him being aware of it.
2.He was crying out in pain on the ground when the __________ arrived.
3.She does some voluntary work， caring for the _______.
4.He took the bottle from her hands and finished it off at one ________.
5.She presented the children with chocolate ________ in festival golden paper.
slipped
ambulance
elderly
swallow
wrapped
维度二 语法运用
(三)单句语法填空
1.Collecting stones and growing flowers _____ (be) my father's hobby.
2.The question ______________ (discuss) at that moment was presented by the headmaster.
3.How do you think of the possibility of _____ (I) winning this scholarship？
4.Though _______ (lack) money， his parents managed to send him to university.
5.__________________ (not receive) a reply， the anxious mother decided to send an e mail to her daughter abroad again.
are
being discussed
my
lacking
Not having received
维度三 素养提升
(四)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1.听到这个不幸的消息，他忍不住哭了出来。
__________________， he couldn't help crying out.
2.不知道下一步该做什么，我们向老师求助。
_________________________， we went to the teacher for help.
3.在得到适当的解释后，所有的学生都理解了那道难题。
__________________________________， all the students worked out the difficult question.
Hearing the sad news
Not knowing what to do next
Having been given a proper explanation
(五)翻译
1.在和同学交谈时，我听说我们学校要组建一支乐队。
__________________________________________________________________
_________
2.被粉刷成白色后，房子变得更加漂亮了。
__________________________________________________
While talking with my classmates， I heard that a band would be formed in our school.
Having been painted white made the house more beautiful.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 完形填空
Todd and Donna woke up early one day to take pictures of the sunrise. While walking along the shoreline and enjoying the sights, Todd suddenly __1__ down. Donna thought her husband was __2__. However, she quickly realized this was no laughing matter. Todd's heart stopped beating and he turned __3__. Immediately she screamed for help.
Tyler Volpe, a __4__， was in the water when Todd came down. Volpe is also a physician assistant. He heard Donna's cries for help. “I knew it wasn't a __5__ scream，” he said. “I came flying out of the water.”
Volpe started chest compression (按压) while Roy, another surfer, breathed into Todd's mouth. Then, they switched __6__ with each other. “I really thought he was __7__，” Donna said. As Roy and Volpe continued CPR, Todd breathed __8__ a few times.
The tide was starting to come in. Other surfers used their boards to form a __9__ between the rescue effort and the water. “They kept him __10__ until the ambulance got there，” Donna said. “It could have been two minutes or 10 days. I was watching my life __11__ with his.”
Doctors used a defibrillator (除颤器) to shock his heart and __12__ his heartbeat. On the second shock, he regained his feel.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Todd (托德)和Donna (唐纳)去拍摄日出的照片，在海边散步的时候Todd心脏骤停，后来在冲浪者和很多好心人的帮助下，Todd的生命得到了拯救的故事。
Todd and Donna planned to drive back home to New Jersey that morning, but decided to first take a walk on the beach. “It is lucky we didn't __13__ because it would have happened while we were driving home，” Donna said.
Donna __14__ a message asking if anyone knew the surfers who helped her husband—they wanted to __15__ them.
1．A.fell B．sat
C．took D．broke
解析：fall 落下，摔倒；sit 坐下；take 带走；break 打破。根据下文中的“Todd's heart stopped beating”可知，Todd心脏骤停，所以他突然摔倒。故选A。
2．A.sleeping B．lying
C．joking D．thinking
解析：sleep 睡觉；lie 撒谎；joke 开玩笑；think 认为。根据下文中的“However, she quickly realized this was no laughing matter.”可知，Donna意识到，这不是开玩笑的事情，由此可知，此处指Donna认为她的丈夫在开玩笑。故选C。
3．A.red B．blue
C．green D．orange
解析：red 红色；危险的；blue 蓝色的；发青的；green 绿色的；未成熟的；orange 橙色的。根据常识和上文中的“Todd's heart stopped beating”可知，Todd心脏骤停，脸色发青。故选B。
4．A.worker B．doctor
C．reporter D．surfer
解析：worker 工人；doctor 医生；reporter 记者；surfer 冲浪者。根据下文中的“Volpe started chest compression (按压) ... breathed into Todd’s mouth.”可知，另一位冲浪者做人工呼吸，由此可推知，Volpe (沃尔普)也是冲浪者。故选D。
5．A.loud B．normal
C．sudden D．lasting
解析：loud 大声的；normal 正常的；sudden 突然的；lasting 持续的。根据上文中的“Immediately she screamed for help.”和“wasn't”可知，Donna发现Todd心脏骤停，她发出的求救声应该不是正常的尖叫。故选B。
6．A.positions B．clothes
C．boards D．apartments
解析：position 位置；clothes 衣服；board 板；apartment 公寓。根据上文中的“Volpe started chest compression (按压) ... breathed into Todd's mouth.”以及“switched”和常识可知，在进行心肺复苏时，两个人应该是轮流着进行，所以此处指交换位置。故选A。
7．A.cold B．dead
C．safe D．lucky
解析：cold 冷的；dead 死的；safe 安全的；lucky 幸运的。根据语境和上文中的“Todd's heart stopped beating”可知，Todd心脏停止跳动，所以Donna认为他真的死了。故选B。
8．A.quietly B．easily
C．deeply D．evenly
解析：quietly 安静地；easily 容易地；deeply 深深地；evenly 平均地。根据上文中的“Todd breathed”可知，在心肺复苏的作用下，Todd深呼吸了几次。故选C。
9．A.sight B．bridge
C．link D．barrier
解析：sight 视力；bridge 桥梁；link 联系；barrier 屏障，障碍。根据语境和上文中的“The tide was starting ... their boards to form”可知，涨潮的时候，其他冲浪者用冲浪板建立了一个屏障以挡住海水来帮助救援。故选D。
10．A.warm B．alive
C．positive D．brave
解析：warm 温暖的；alive 活跃的；活着的；positive 积极的；brave 勇敢的。根据语境和下文中的“until the ambulance got there”可知，此处指的是这些救援者让Todd一直处于活着的状态，直到救护车的到来。故选B。
11．A.start B．develop
C．end D．continue
解析：start 开始；develop 开发；end 结束；continue 继续。根据上文中的“It could have been two minutes or 10 days.”可知，丈夫处于危急时刻，性命攸关，Donna是非常焦急和绝望的，所以Donna觉得自己的生命要和Todd的生命一起结束了。故选C。
12．A.record B．review
C．repeat D．restore
解析：record 记录；review 回顾；复习；repeat 重复；restore 恢复，使复原。根据常识和上文中的“Doctors used a defibrillator (除颤器) to shock his heart”可知，医生使用除颤仪是为了使Todd的心脏恢复跳动。故选D。
13．A.pay B．speed
C．pause D．leave
解析：pay 支付；speed 加速；pause 暂停；leave 离开。根据下文中的“because it would have happened while we were driving home”可知，这件事有可能会发生在回家的途中，所以此处指的是幸运的是，他们没有离开。故选D。
14．A.answered B．learned
C．posted D．heard
解析：answer 回答；learn 学习；post 发布，公布；hear 听到。根据下文中的“a message asking ... helped her husband”可知，此处指的是Donna发布了一条信息来寻找帮助Todd的冲浪者。故选C。
15．A.thank B．meet
C．accept D．miss
解析：thank 感谢；meet 遇见；accept 接受；miss 错过；思念。根据上文中的“anyone knew the surfers who helped her husband”和常识可知，对于帮助过她丈夫的人，他们应该表示感谢。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
The possibility of being killed on a single airline flight is one in 4.7 million. Here are some lifesaving habits you are supposed to remember every time you fly.
Your carry on bag
The safest thing to do with your carry on is leave it on the plane. Flight crews ask you to keep your luggage clear of the aisles (通道) for a reason. __1__ With as few as 90 seconds to evacuate (撤离) a burning place, the precious time spent reaching for luggage could be a life and death decision for someone.
Your seat
__2__ The safest place to sit on a plane is behind the wings. A Popular Mechanics Study of 20 commercial jet crashes with both fatalities (死亡) and survivors found that passengers seated in the rear cabin (behind the wings) had a 69 percent chance of survival, compared with just 49 percent for those in first class.
During a crash
The first thing you should do during a crash is put on the oxygen mask the minute it drops.
During a loss of cabin pressure, the fall in oxygen can knock you unconscious in as little as 20 seconds. __3__ You can't help if you can't breathe.
Listen to your flight attendants. Most importantly, through any emergency, be nice to the flight attendant.
What to wear
__4__ The US National Transportation Safety Board says that 68 percent of plane crash fatalities occur in post crash fires, not in the initial impact.
Fortunately, here's what you can plan for days in advance while you pack your suitcase: on the day you're flying, avoid wearing synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon. Instead, choose natural materials like cotton or wool. It's also a good idea to wear long pants (like jeans) and a long sleeved shirt for extra protection from flames and sharp objects. __5__ Slippers might seem like a good idea for braving airport security, but in the chaos of a crash or evacuation, they'll only slow you down.
A．You can narrowly escape from an air crash.
B．Always secure your oxygen mask before helping others.
C．Good mentality (心态) of a pilot is a necessity for safe flight.
D．Besides, the best shoes to wear on a plane never leave your feet.
E．The safest way to dress on a plane is to avoid anything easy to catch fire.
F．In the event of an evacuation, you don't want it blocking an escape route.
G．In the event of an evacuation, the closer you are to an exit, the higher the chance you'll have to escape safely.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了每次坐飞机时都应该记住的一些逃生习惯。
1．答案：F
解析：根据上文“The safest thing to do ... aisles (通道) for a reason.(对你的随身行李最安全的处理方法就是把它留在飞机上。空乘人员要求你不要把行李放在过道上是有原因的。)”可知，F项(在疏散事件中，你不希望它挡住逃生路线。)解释了这样做的原因，且其中的it指代上文中的your carry on。故选F。
2．答案：G
解析：本段与Your seat有关，根据下文“The safest place to sit on a plane ... 49 percent for those in first class.”可知，本段主要讲述了飞机上乘客的位置与飞机失事中生还几率之间的关系，G项(在疏散事件中，你离出口越近，安全逃生的几率就越高。)概括本段内容。故选G。
3．答案：B
解析：根据上文“During a loss of cabin pressure ... as little as 20 seconds.(在机舱失压时，氧气的下降可以在短短20秒内使你失去意识。)”和下文“You can't help if you can't breathe.(如果你不能呼吸，你也没办法帮助别人。)”可知，B项(在帮助别人之前一定要戴好氧气面罩。)承上启下。故选B。
4．答案：E
解析：根据本段小标题“What to wear”以及下文“The US National Transportation Safety Board ... not in the initial impact.”可知，飞机失事时，多数死亡事件与火灾有关，E项(在飞机上最安全的着装方法是避免穿任何容易着火的衣服。)引出下文。故选E。
5．答案：D
解析：本段主题为What to wear，D项(此外，在飞机上穿的最好的鞋子是永远不会离开你的脚的鞋子。)符合语境。故选D。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Parents __1__ (advise) to include fish into their children's diets after __2__ study found eating one to three servings of fish each week is linked with higher IQs and better sleep.
The US researchers analyzed the IQs, fish eating habits and sleeping patterns of over 500 Chinese children __3__ (age) 9 to 11. They found children who ate fish weekly scored nearly five points higher on IQ tests than those who didn't. Children who had fish sometimes had a roughly three IQ point advantage __4__ those who didn't or rarely ate it.
The finding builds on __5__ (exist) research about the positive effects of Omega 3 fatty acids. “Omega 3s in fish have been tied to intelligence and sleep independently, __6__ they've never all been connected before，” a researcher said.
The study also questioned parents on their children's quality of sleep, including how often they wake in the middle of the night and “daytime sleepiness”. It found, “increased fish __7__ (consume) was associated with fewer disturbances of sleep.”
Researcher Pinot Martin said parents could give children fish as young as 10 months old and should start by about 2. For infants (婴幼儿), she said, make sure the fish is __8__ (fine) chopped (切碎) and has no bones.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，每周吃一到三次鱼与更高的智商和更好的睡眠有关。
“Introducing the taste early __9__ (make) it more acceptable，” Pinot Martin said. “It really has to be a lot of efforts, especially in a culture __10__ fish is not as commonly served.”
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Parents和谓语动词advise是被动关系，此处指的是“被建议”，应用被动语态，描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语Parents是复数，因此be动词用are。故填are advised。
1．答案：are advised
解析：考查冠词。study是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，意为“研究”，是可数名词，此处泛指“一项研究”，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
2．答案：a
解析：考查词性转换。句意：美国研究人员分析了500多名9岁至11岁中国儿童的智商、鱼类饮食习惯和睡眠模式。形容词aged意为“……岁”，作后置定语修饰名词children。故填aged。
3．答案：aged
解析：考查介词。固定短语have an advantage over意为“比……有优势”。故填over。
4．答案：over
解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰名词research，应用形容词作定语，existing意为 “现有的”。故填existing。
5．答案：existing
解析：考查连词。句意：“鱼肉中的Omega 3与智力和睡眠有关，但它们以前从未有过关联，”一位研究人员说。此处表示转折，应用表示转折的并列连词but/yet。故填but/yet。
6．答案：but/yet
解析：考查词性转换。句意：研究发现，“增加鱼类的摄入量可以减少睡眠障碍”。设空处应用名词consumption作主语，此处指的是“鱼类的摄入量”。故填consumption。
7．答案：consumption
解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰动词chopped，应用副词finely作状语。故填finely。
8．答案：finely
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，因此谓语动词用单数。故填makes。
9．答案：makes
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为culture，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
10．答案：where
After a long day at the office, Jane Hodgson was on her way home and looking forward to relaxing with a nice cup of tea. While driving, she noticed that there was a car pulled over at the side of the road and a crowd had started to gather around someone who was lying on the ground.
Jane, who had completed first aid at the work course with the British Red Cross, pulled over to see if she could do something and it turned out to be lucky for the victim.
精深阅读
Describing the scene she saw, Jane says, “A crowd of onlookers gathered at the scene. A couple of young men were pale－faced and looking lost.”
They were completely terrified. When I walked up, first aid kit in hand, they said, “You're a first aider—Oh thank goodness.” They were so shocked that they hadn't even thought to call an ambulance yet.
A young girl called Jenny was lying there. It turned out that the teen had been hit by a car and gone over the handlebars of her bike, landing on her head and shoulder.
“I was worried because she had not been wearing a helmet when she got knocked down, and I thought that she should not be moved as I couldn't be sure about a spinal injury, but after looking her over, in relief, I felt fairly confident that she had escaped relatively unharmed. Even so, as time passed and we continued to wait for an ambulance, the amount of pain the girl was in was increasing. To avoid the risk of her going into shock I kept her talking. We chatted about her boyfriend and anything I could think of to keep her mind off the pain. She squeezed my hand when the pain got too much and this helped，” describes Jane.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jane Hodgson (简·霍奇森)在回家的路上遇到了一场交通事故，Jane在救助过程中判断受伤少女Jenny (珍妮)的伤情，并确保她保持清醒，帮助Jenny度过了可怕的经历，这让Jane意识到小的行为也可以起到很大作用。
Thinking back, Jane says, “I never did find out what happened to the girl. Apart from the boyfriend I wasn't thanked by anyone else, but that's OK. For me, knowing that in a small way I helped that girl through what was a frightening experience is all the reward I need. It felt great to know I'd made a difference.”
1．What was Jane doing when she came across the accident
A．Driving home.
B．Repairing her car.
C．Drinking some tea.
D．Going to the first aid course.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“After a long day at the office ... who was lying on the ground.”可知，Jane遇到事故时正在开车回家。故选A。
2．Which part of Jenny's body might be worst injured
A．Her legs. B．Her hands.
C．Her head. D．Her stomach.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“It turned out that ... landing on her head and shoulder. (原来，这名少女被汽车撞了，从自行车的车把上翻了过去，头部和肩膀着地。)”和第六段中的“I was worried ... got knocked down (我很担心，因为她被撞倒时没有戴头盔)”可推知，Jenny的头部可能受伤最严重。故选C。
3．What mattered most in Jane's help
A．Calling an ambulance.
B．Offering some first aid.
C．Contacting the girl's boyfriend.
D．Keeping the girl awake.
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“To avoid the risk of ... got too much and this helped”可知，在Jane的救助中让女孩保持清醒是最重要的。故选D。
4．What did Jane Hodgson learn from her experience of helping Jenny
A．Not all kindness needs reward.
B．First aid can save lives.
C．A small act can make a difference.
D．It felt good to learn first aid skills.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“For me, knowing that ... I'd made a difference.(对我来说，知道自己以微薄之力帮助那个女孩度过了一段可怕的经历，这就是我所需要的全部奖励。知道自己有所作为的感觉很棒。)”可推知，Jane Hodgson从帮助Jenny的经历中学到了小的行为可以起很大作用。故选C。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．scene n. ____________
2．______ adv. 相当地
3．_________ adv. 相对地；相当地
4．________ v. 紧握；捏
5．________ n. 奖励；回报
场景；场面
fairly
relatively
squeeze
reward
(二)高频短语
1．__________________ 在某人(去……)的路上
2．_________ 靠边停车
3．______________ 证明(是)，结果(是)
4．___________ 一群
5．__________ 除了；除了……还
on one's way (to ...)
pull over
turn out (to be)
a crowd of
apart from
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．I have looked forward to _______ (visit) Hangzhou for many years.
2．She sighed ____ relief that it was all over.
3．She was _________ (terrify) at the thought of being alone.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
1．Did you see the girl standing by us in the lunch line—she looks so lost, so out of place.____________
2．He isn't seriously injured but he is in a state of shock.______
3．It was a very frightening experience and they were very courageous. _______
visiting
in
terrified
不知所措的
休克
可怕的
(五)用方框中单词或短语的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
gather， complete， look over
1．Ahead of departure, conduct your regular checks by examining the battery and tyres to ensure everything is in order.___________
2．Even though it often seemed too difficult to finish this task, he didn't give up._________
3．The holiday mainly focuses on families and friends getting together for a meal.__________
looking over
complete
gathering
(六)长难句分析
For me, knowing that in a small way I helped that girl through what was a frightening experience is all the reward I need.
句意：对我来说，知道自己以微薄之力帮助那个女孩度过了一段可怕的经历，这就是我所需要的全部奖励。
分析：句子主干为________________________，是“_______”结构。knowing ... 是动名词短语作______；that in a small way ... experience是_______从句，该从句的主干是_________________；what引导_______从句；I need是省略引导词_____的_______从句。
knowing ... is all the reward
主系表
主语
宾语
I helped that girl
宾语
that
定语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．He saved the drowning boy ___________________________(冒着生命危险)．
2．Do something engaging that will __________________ (使你不去想) your emotions.
(八)仿写句子
The old man was cheated while doing some shopping on the Internet.(状语从句的省略)
仿写：他们在看这部电影时深受鼓舞。
_____________________________________
at the risk of losing his own life
keep your mind off
They felt inspired while watching the film.
