Unit 5 Languages around the world Discovering Useful Structures课件-新人教必修一

(共17张PPT)
U5 language around the world
Discovering Useful Structures
Leaning Objectives
By the end of this period, students will be able to：
1. have a good understanding of the basic usages of relative avderbs such as when, where, why in attributive clauses; understand the structure in/on/at which in sttributive clauses is equivalent to where/when;
2. master the basic usages of relative adverbs of attributive clauses in the real situation through self-study and practice.
3. describe favourite things using the proper relative adverbs of attributive clauses flexibly.
Activity 1
Look at these sentences and underline the restrictive attributive clauses. What kind of information does each clause communicate
why
on which
when
where
by which
→ a reason for an action
→ a location for an action
→ a time for an event
→ a location for an event
→ a means for an event
先行词在从句中作原因状语时，连接词用why；
先行词指物且在从句中作状语时，连接词可用介词+which来替换关系副词，其中介词的选择和先行词的搭配有关；
先行词在从句中作时间状语时，连接词用when；
先行词在从句中作地点状语时，连接词用where.
先行词指方式且在从句中作状语时，连接词可用介词+which来替换关系副词，其中介词的选择跟先行词的搭配有关。
先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系
表示时间的名词：time，day，year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which
表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which
表示原因的名词：reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which
Practice
1. We live in an age _______ more information is available with great ease than ever before.
2. The school _______ I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.
3. The reason _______ he didn’t pass the driving test was that he lacked practice.
when
where
why
= in which
= at which
= for which
Activity 2 Fill in the table to complete each phrase with a restrictive relative clause. Then use the phrases to make complete sentences.
the day when
the reason why
the place where
the place/time in/at which
I was on holiday the day when the earthquake happened.
She works near the place where my friend lives.
That's the reason why the small town became popular.
This is the box in which I found Grandma’s glasses.
the earthquake happened.
I didn’t get a pay rise.
my friend lives.
I found Grandma’s glasses.
1. 有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，job，point，position，race，stage，situation等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。
They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.
2. 先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。
I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel a meeting because of ill health.
Taking her with me on official occasions where many famous figures are present is a challenge.
3. 当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。
It’s not what you say；it’s the way (that; / ; in which) you say it.
4. 关系副词与关系代词的选择。
首先应明确关系副词不可作主语或宾语。
若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则定语从句需用关系代词引导；从句的谓语是及物动词，而其后无宾语，就必须用关系代词替代先行词充当其宾语；若为不及物动词，则从句中不需要宾语，需要用关系副词。如：
1. The factory he once worked is closed now.
分析　work与factory不能直接构成动宾关系，只有后面加上介词in才能构成正确的表达形式，work in the factory。因此可推知work为不及物动词。故用where作地点状语。
2. The factory he set up last year is operating well.
分析　该题从句谓语动词可以和先行词构成动宾结构set up the factory，所以set up 是及物动词短语。其后缺宾语，故用关系代词that或which。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。
He is the person on whom you can depend.
He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag.
Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels.
2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：
(1) 依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定
I bought many books，on which I spent all my money that I had saved.
(2) 依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
(3) 根据所表达的意思来确定
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
3.whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly built cafe，the walls of which(＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
解题策略
Practice
1. Shaanxi’s biang biang noodles were a comforting and beloved food among locals, for ________ the back story and written character were common knowledge.
2. There are many sports stars at home and abroad, ________ whom Zhu Ting is my favorite.
3. A national territorial (领土的) planning system will be guided by three “red lines”， one of ________ will include about 103 million hectares of permanent farmland.
4. It has long been a cultural holiday, ________ which people get together, have parties, give gifts to each other and generally pray for a better-off future.
5. However, it quickly became a Buddhist learning center, ________ Buddhist texts were translated into Chinese to be spread from there to other cities throughout China.
whom
among
which
during
where
When I started studying German，it was a struggle/ str ɡl/. The words felt strange on my tongue/t /，and the grammar would not stay in my head. I told my mum that I wanted to give up，and that I would never live in a country ________________ German was spoken. My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future. It was exercise for the brain； the more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow. And I remember that day ________________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. It felt like my brain had doubled in size. I had finally come to a place ________________ I could think in this foreign language，and I could see the world from a different point of view. I felt as if I had reached the goal ________________ I had been fighting for. I could open a book and see meanings，not just a sea of words. I finally understood the reason ____________my mum had encouraged me not to give up. Thanks，Mum!
Activity 3 Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. Add a preposition where necessary.
where/in which
when/on which
where/at which
that/which
why
Activity 4 Describe your favourite things with restrictive relative clauses by completing the conversation.
Thank You