Period 4 单元语法讲练
动词-ing和-ed形式作定语、状语、宾语补足语或表语
一、动词-ing和-ed形式作定语
单个的动词-ing或-ed形式作定语通常位于其所修饰的名词之前；有时也可以放在所修饰的名词之后。如果是动词-ing形式短语或-ed形式短语，就位于所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
被修饰的名词就是动词-ing形式(短语)或-ed形式(短语)的逻辑主语。但动词-ing形式与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而动词-ed形式则通常表示被动关系，所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
The man sitting(＝that/who is sitting) in the corner is my brother．
坐在角落的那个人是我的兄弟。
We didn't reach any agreement on the problem discussed(＝that/which was discussed)．
对那个讨论过的问题，我们没有达成任何协议。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Those __________ (wish) to join this club should sign here．
②Most of the people __________(invite) to the party were famous scientists．
二、 动词-ing和-ed形式作状语
动词-ing和-ed形式作状语，常表示时间、原因、方式和伴随状况，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
Heated (＝When it is heated)，the metal expands．
金属受热会膨胀。
Being a student (＝Because I am a student)，I must work hard．
因为我是学生，所以我必须努力学习。
She stood there，waiting for a bus．
她站在那儿在等公共汽车。
He came in，followed by a group of students．
他进来了，后面跟着一群学生。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①__________(order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now．
②The young husband left her，__________(destroy) her life and all her hopes．
[名师点津] generally/frankly/strictly speaking，judging by/from，taking everything into account，painted．．．等属于固定用语，作状语时，其逻辑主语并非句子的主语。
Generally speaking，houses in America are bigger than houses in this country．
一般来讲，美国的房子比这个国家的大一些。
Judging from your accent，you must be from Scotland．
从你的口音判断，你一定来自苏格兰。
Painted white，we like the house better．
当这所房子刷成白色时，我们更喜欢它了。
三、动词-ing和-ed形式作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语时，动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作或一直处于某种状态，动词-ed形式表示被动动作或已经完成的动作。
We saw him talking to her．(正在进行的动作)
我们看到他正和她谈话。
She kept us waiting here for an hour．(一直处于某种状态)
她让我们在这儿等了一个小时。
Let's have the more difficult questions answered first．(被动动作)
让我们先回答更困难的问题。
We found her greatly changed．(已经完成的动作)
我们发现她发生了很大的变化。
上述句子变为被动语态时，其中的动词-ing或-ed形式作主语补足语。
He was seen talking to her．
有人看到他正和她谈话。
She was found greatly changed．
大家发现她发生了很大的变化。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①The next morning she found the man __________ (lie) in bed，dead．
②Claire had her luggage __________(check) an hour before her plane left．
四、动词-ing和-ed形式作表语
动词-ing形式作表语时，一种表示主语的性质、特征和状态，其作用相当于形容词；另一种具体说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
动词-ed形式作表语时常位于系动词之后，多用于表示主语的状态或状况，所体现的是形容词的特性。
You look amazing tonight．
你今晚看起来棒极了。
Seeing is believing．
眼见为实。
My cousin is very interested in painting．
我表弟对绘画很感兴趣。
The audience were amazed by the beautiful music the six-year-old pianist played．
这位六岁钢琴家演奏的优美音乐令观众惊叹不已。
[即时训练4] 单句语法填空
①Some students' favourite activity is __________ (daydream)．
②Do you feel __________ (frighten) when going into the wilderness alone
短文语境填空
A cook was caught 1．__________(smoke) red-handed and the owner of the restaurant made him hit the road immediately．With so many staff 2．__________ (look) at him，he felt very embarrassed．His colleagues found it right for him 3．__________ (punish)，because the 4．__________ (light) cigarette ends could cause the whole restaurant to catch fire．The cook begged the owner to give him the last chance．The owner eventually had him apologize and got him 5．__________ (fine)．The cook was allowed to remain．Now，he is seen 6．__________ (mop) the floors hard and I notice many customers 7．__________ (pass) him．He reminded them to mind the sign，8．__________(read) “NO SMOKING！” I hear a voice in my heart 9．__________ (say)，“Respect yourself and you will feel 10．__________ (value)．”
Period 4
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①wishing ②invited
[即时训练2]
①Ordered ②destroying
[即时训练3]
①lying ②checked
[即时训练4]
①daydreaming ②frightened
巩固落实
1．smoking 2．looking 3．to be punished 4．lighted 5．fined 6．mopping 7．passing 8．reading 9．saying 10．valued
4/4(共22张PPT)
Period ４
UNIT 8 GREEN LIVING
主题语境 人与社会 —— 重要国际组织与社会公益机构
Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
课时学案 单元语法讲练
动词-ing和-ed形式作定语、状语、宾语补足语或表语
一、动词-ing和-ed形式作定语
单个的动词-ing或-ed形式作定语通常位于其所修饰的名词之前；有时也可以放在所修饰的名词之后。如果是动词-ing形式短语或-ed形式短语，就位于所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
被修饰的名词就是动词-ing形式(短语)或-ed形式(短语)的逻辑主语。但动词-ing形式与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而动词-ed形式则通常表示被动关系，所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
The man sitting(＝that/who is sitting) in the corner is my brother．
坐在角落的那个人是我的兄弟。
We didn't reach any agreement on the problem discussed(＝that/which was discussed)．
对那个讨论过的问题，我们没有达成任何协议。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Those ________ (wish) to join this club should sign here．
②Most of the people _______(invite) to the party were famous scientists．
wishing
invited
二、 动词-ing和-ed形式作状语
动词-ing和-ed形式作状语，常表示时间、原因、方式和伴随状况，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
Heated (＝When it is heated)，the metal expands．
金属受热会膨胀。
Being a student (＝Because I am a student)，I must work hard．
因为我是学生，所以我必须努力学习。
She stood there，waiting for a bus．
她站在那儿在等公共汽车。
He came in，followed by a group of students．
他进来了，后面跟着一群学生。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①________(order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now．
②The young husband left her，__________(destroy) her life and all her hopes．
Ordered
destroying
[名师点津] generally/frankly/strictly speaking，judging by/from，taking everything into account，painted...等属于固定用语，作状语时，其逻辑主语并非句子的主语。
Generally speaking，houses in America are bigger than houses in this country．
一般来讲，美国的房子比这个国家的大一些。
Judging from your accent，you must be from Scotland．
从你的口音判断，你一定来自苏格兰。
Painted white，we like the house better．
当这所房子刷成白色时，我们更喜欢它了。
三、动词-ing和-ed形式作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语时，动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作或一直处于某种状态，动词-ed形式表示被动动作或已经完成的动作。
We saw him talking to her．(正在进行的动作)
我们看到他正和她谈话。
She kept us waiting here for an hour．(一直处于某种状态)
她让我们在这儿等了一个小时。
Let's have the more difficult questions answered first．(被动动作)
让我们先回答更困难的问题。
We found her greatly changed．(已经完成的动作)
我们发现她发生了很大的变化。
上述句子变为被动语态时，其中的动词-ing或-ed形式作主语补足语。
He was seen talking to her．
有人看到他正和她谈话。
She was found greatly changed．
大家发现她发生了很大的变化。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①The next morning she found the man _____ (lie) in bed，dead．
②Claire had her luggage _______(check) an hour before her plane left．
lying
checked
四、动词-ing和-ed形式作表语
动词-ing形式作表语时，一种表示主语的性质、特征和状态，其作用相当于形容词；另一种具体说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
动词-ed形式作表语时常位于系动词之后，多用于表示主语的状态或状况，所体现的是形容词的特性。
You look amazing tonight．
你今晚看起来棒极了。
Seeing is believing．
眼见为实。
My cousin is very interested in painting．
我表弟对绘画很感兴趣。
The audience were amazed by the beautiful music the six-year-old pianist played．
这位六岁钢琴家演奏的优美音乐令观众惊叹不已。
[即时训练4] 单句语法填空
①Some students' favourite activity is ____________ (daydream)．
②Do you feel __________ (frighten) when going into the wilderness alone
daydreaming
frightened
短文语境填空
A cook was caught 1．________(smoke) red-handed and the owner of the restaurant made him hit the road immediately．With so many staff 2．_______ (look) at him，he felt very embarrassed．His colleagues found it right for him 3．____________ (punish)，because the 4．_______ (light) cigarette ends could cause the whole restaurant to catch fire．The cook begged the owner to give him the last chance．The
smoking
looking
to be punished
lighted
owner eventually had him apologize and got him 5．_____ (fine)．The cook was allowed to remain．Now，he is seen 6．________ (mop) the floors hard and I notice many customers 7．_______ (pass) him．He reminded them to mind the sign，8．____________(read) “NO SMOKING！” I hear a voice in my heart 9．______ (say)，“Respect yourself and you will feel 10．______ (value)．”
fined
mopping
passing
reading
saying
valued
课时分层作业(四)
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（WORD版）
巩固课堂所学 · 激发学习思维
夯实基础知识 · 熟悉命题方式
自我检测提能 · 及时矫正不足
本节课掌握了哪些考点？
本节课还有什么疑问点？
课后训练
学习反思
课时小结
THANKS课时分层作业(四)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．We should ________ (回收利用) garbage instead of burning it．
2．Respect and love provide a solid ________ (基础) for marriage．
3．Try to keep a ________ (平衡) between work and relaxation．
4．An efficient ________ (运输方式) system is critical to the long term future of London．
5．They have driven the rhino to the edge of ________ (灭绝)．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．First，she told them how the student made a difference ________ her and the class．
2．He committed ________(him) to the cause of modernising the country's industry．
3．The programme presented a ________(balance) view of the two sides of the conflict．
4．Some people tried to stop the fight but I didn't want to get ________ (involve)．
5．Her remarks left me ________(wonder) her purpose．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
A
Kongeegen
Kongeegen is a large oak tree located (位于) in the north of Denmark．
Kongeegen's real age is unknown．The tree went through a scientific study in 1965，through which Kongeegen was confirmed to be between 1，500 and 2，000 years of age．This would make it the oldest living oak in the northern part of Europe．
Granit Oak
The Granit Oak measures 2.38 metres in diameter (直径) and 23.4 metres in height．The head of the tree measures about 1，017 squrae metres，which covers nearly 11，000 square feet．Back in 1967，the Bulgarian government announced this oak was a protected tree and it has been under protection ever since．
Stelmuze Oak
Not all of the tree's branches are still alive，but it continues to be considered a living tree．This makes it the oldest living tree in all of Lithuania．Stelmuze Oak was made a natural monument (纪念碑) in 1960．Ever since then，it has been on the Lithuanian list of protected monuments，and it is well looked after．
Major Oak
Local legends (传说) say that this is the tree where Robin Hood's shelter was located．According to the tales，Robin and his merry men slept in this very tree．Back in 2003 in Dorset，England，260 acorn saplings (橡子树苗) from the Major Oak were used to start an oak plantation．
Kongeegen Granit Oak Stelmuze Oak Major Oak
Estimated age 1，500－2，000 years 1，700 years 1，500－2，000 years 800－1，000 years
Status Alive Dead Alive Alive
Location Denmark Bulgaria Lithuania England
Oak species (物种) Quercus robur Quercus robur Quercus robur Quercus robur
1．When was Kongeegen's age announced
A．In 1960． B．In 1965．
C．In 1967． D．In 2003．
2．Which is the youngest tree mentioned in the text
A．Kongeegen． B．Granit Oak
C．Stelmuze Oak． D．Major Oak．
3．What do the four trees have in common
A．They are of the same species．
B．There are beautiful stories about them．
C．Some of their branches aren't alive now．
D．They are under good protection．
B
When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems．A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived．When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making．
After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions．Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals？With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did．He decided to build what he would later call an eco machine．
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥)．First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other．Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals．He placed them in the tanks and waited．Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem．After a few weeks，John added the sludge．
He was amazed at the results．The plants and animals in the eco machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water．
Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs．He developed a greenhouse—like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington．He also designed an eco machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China．
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does．“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says．“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening．Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair．”
4．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling．
B．He enjoyed being alone．
C．He had an inquiring mind．
D．He longed to be a doctor．
5．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals．
B．To build an ecosystem．
C．To protect the plants．
D．To test the eco machine．
6．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans．
B．To show an application of John's idea．
C．To compare John's different jobs．
D．To erase doubts about John's invention．
7．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself．
B．Organisms need water to survive．
C．Life on Earth is diverse．
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups．
Ⅳ．阅读七选五
Online shopping has increased over the past few years．Online businessmen are attracting customers with creative designs，discounted sales，and much more．People love doorstep delivery products．Customers are not often visiting physical shops nowadays． 1 ．This article will guide you on how to shop and save when buying online．
Make high value shopping． 2 ．For example，if your order is $5，000，you will receive heavy discounts．It depends on the company wisdom．They follow a regulation: The more you spend，the more discounts you can receive．
Shop on public holidays．Public holidays can bring unbelievable discounts．The famous Black Friday sale offers fantastic discounts．Keep a constant check on public holidays and shopping websites for discounts．On public holidays，you will receive their discounted offers． 3 ．
Create a shopping list．Create a shopping list first．A shopping list is a must before buying things online，which is one of the best tips to shop and save．Shopping websites are offering countless goods．Thousands of products are available．You can't check them over time and again，searching for discounts under each product． 4 ．Advance decisions save you time，and customers quickly earn discounts．
5 ．Many shopping websites let you play games and earn rewards．Reward programs are not just games but specific procedures (过程) for making reward points．Complete online surveys，game levels，feedback，ratings，watch videos and browse catalogs to exchange gift cards or discounts．This process will not take much time．
A．Choose reward programmes
B．They can choose items online
C．Buy some items with your friends
D．Create an item list you'll buy from online to avoid such trouble
E．Spring Festival is a good time for customers to go shopping online
F．For instance，Amazon offers special deals on books for book lovers on New Year
G．Some top e commerce websites offer discounts when you buy expensive items
课时分层作业(四)
Ⅰ．1．recycle 2．foundation 3．balance 4．transport 5．extinction
Ⅱ．1．to 2．himself 3．balanced 4．involved 5．wondering
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
B D A C D B A
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5
B G F D A
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四棵古树的情况。
1．B [细节理解题。根据第一段中“The tree went through a scientific study in 1965，through which Kongeegen was confirmed to be between 1，500 and 2，000 years of age．”可知，Kongeegen的树龄是1965年公布的。故选B。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据表格“Estimated age”一栏中可知，Kongeegen在1 500到2 000岁之间；Granit Oak的树龄是1 700岁；Stelmuze Oak在1 500到2 000岁之间；Major Oak在800到1 000岁之间，故Major Oak是文中提到的最年轻的树。故选D。]
3．A [细节理解题。根据表格“Oak species(物种)”一栏中“Quercus robur”可知，这四棵树的共同之处是都是同一物种。故选A]。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd爱思考，好学习，建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水的故事。
4．C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems．”以及第二段中的“After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions．”可知，约翰聪颖好学，好奇心很强。故选C。]
5．D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After a few weeks，John added the sludge．”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results．The plants and animals in the ecomachine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water．”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。]
6．B [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs．He developed a greenhouse—like facility that treated sewage from 1，600 homes in South Burlington．He also designed an ecomachine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China．”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。]
7．A [推理判断题。根据最后一段的“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening．Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to selfrepair．”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网络购物时选择折扣商品的方法。
1．B [根据上文“Customers are not often visiting physical shops nowadays．”可知，本句与上文形成因果关系，且引出下文的网络购物的话题，故选B。]
2．G [根据上文“Make highvalue shopping．(进行高价值购物)”以及下文“For example，if your order is $5，000，you will receive heavy discounts．It depends on the company wisdom．They follow a regulation: The more you spend，the more discounts you can receive．”可知，本句呼应该段主题“进行高价值的购物”，G选项中“expensive items”与“highvalue”构成同义反复，故选G。]
3．F [根据上文“Shop on public holidays．Public holidays can bring unbelievable discounts．The famous Black Friday sale offers fantastic discounts．Keep a constant check on public holidays and shopping websites for discounts．On public holidays，you will receive their discounted offers．”可知，本句是对上文进行举例说明，“特价”即指“折扣”，“新年”是“公共假日”之一，故选F。]
4．D [根据上文“Thousands of products are available．You can't check them over time and again，searching for discounts under each product．”可知，本句给出上文问题的解决方案：创建一份你打算从网上购买的物品清单，以避免此类麻烦，D选项中“such trouble”即指“检查与搜索折扣”，故选D。]
5．A [根据下文“Many shopping websites let you play games and earn rewards．Reward programs are not just games but specific procedures for making reward points．Complete online surveys，game levels，feedback，ratings，watch videos and browse catalogs to exchange gift cards or discounts．This process will not take much time．”可知，该句与上文每段的首句同为祈使句，且该段中出现了“奖励项目”，构成同词再现，故选A。]
5/5
