Period 4 单元语法讲练
否定表达
在日常表达中，要提出否定观点时会用到否定的表达形式。
1．用直观否定词表否定意义。如no，not，never，none，neither，nothing，nobody，without等。
Tracy left home without telling her parents.
特蕾西瞒着父母离开了家。
We invited both of them，but neither can come.
我们邀请了他们两个，但都不能来。
2．用隐性否定词来表达否定意义。如few，little，unless，seldom，hardly，beyond，last等。
Bob knew little about it before I told him.
在我告诉鲍勃之前，他对此知之甚少。
Kelvin is such a naughty boy and is beyond my control.
开尔文是个非常顽皮的男孩，我无法控制。
[即时训练1] 完成句子
①医生说我什么毛病也没有。
The doctor said there was ______________ with me.
②空气非常寒冷，我们难以呼吸。
The air was so cold we could ________breathe.
3．用短语表达否定意义。如instead of，rather than，anything but，far from，too ...to ...，prevent/keep/stop ...from ...等。
The soldiers preferred to die rather than give in to the enemy.
士兵们宁死也不愿向敌人屈服。
Wilson is anything but a writer.
威尔逊绝不是一个作家。
4．用带否定前缀的词构成否定陈述。如unnecessary，imperfect，impossible，disagree等。
I got the desk cheap because it's slightly imperfect.
我买的这张桌子很便宜，因为它有点不完美。
I'm afraid I have to disagree with you on that issue.
恐怕在那个问题上我不得不与你意见相左。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①You may find that family members may not be too easy _______ (get) along with.
②我在八点之前不可能赶到那里。
__________________________ to be there before eight.
补全短文中的句子
Life is filled with challenges，and often，we feel like we're 1．________________ (进展很小).Nothing seems to go our way，and we may 2．_____________________ (达不到我们的目标).But we must
remember that success doesn't come easily.3．_____________________ (如果我们不坚持不懈) and keep trying，we'll never achieve our dreams.
4．_____________________ (生活中很少的东西) can be gained 5．_____________ (不努力).We can't expect to achieve 6．_____________ (除了失败) if we give up easily.We must not wait until the last moment to start working towards our goals；we should start today 7．___________(而不是)procrastinating(拖延).
Not all challenges are 8．______________________(大得不能战胜).With hard work and dedication，we can prevent any obstacle from stopping us.It's through our efforts and perseverance that we can turn our dreams into reality.
Period 4
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①nothing wrong ②hardly
[即时训练2]
①to get ②It's impossible for me
巩固落实
1．making little progress 2．never reach our goals 3．Unless we persevere 4．Few things in life 5．without effort
6．anything but failure 7．instead of 8．too big to overcome
1 / 1(共36张PPT)
Period ４
UNIT 7 CAREERS
主题语境
人与社会 —— 良好的人际关系与社会交往
Section Ⅱ LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
课时学案 单元语法讲练
否定表达
在日常表达中，要提出否定观点时会用到否定的表达形式。
1．用直观否定词表否定意义。如no，not，never，none，neither，nothing，nobody，without等。
Tracy left home without telling her parents.
特蕾西瞒着父母离开了家。
We invited both of them，but neither can come.
我们邀请了他们两个，但都不能来。
2．用隐性否定词来表达否定意义。如few，little，unless，seldom，hardly，beyond，last等。
Bob knew little about it before I told him.
在我告诉鲍勃之前，他对此知之甚少。
Kelvin is such a naughty boy and is beyond my control.
开尔文是个非常顽皮的男孩，我无法控制。
[即时训练1] 完成句子
①医生说我什么毛病也没有。
The doctor said there was ______________ with me.
②空气非常寒冷，我们难以呼吸。
The air was so cold we could ________breathe.
nothing wrong
hardly
3．用短语表达否定意义。如instead of，rather than，anything but，far from，too ...to ...，prevent/keep/stop ...from ...等。
The soldiers preferred to die rather than give in to the enemy.
士兵们宁死也不愿向敌人屈服。
Wilson is anything but a writer.
威尔逊绝不是一个作家。
4．用带否定前缀的词构成否定陈述。如unnecessary，imperfect，impossible，disagree等。
I got the desk cheap because it's slightly imperfect.
我买的这张桌子很便宜，因为它有点不完美。
I'm afraid I have to disagree with you on that issue.
恐怕在那个问题上我不得不与你意见相左。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①You may find that family members may not be too easy _______ (get) along with.
②我在八点之前不可能赶到那里。
____________________ to be there before eight.
to get
It's impossible for me
补全短文中的句子
Life is filled with challenges，and often，we feel like we‘re 1．_____________________ (进展很小).Nothing seems to go our way，and we may 2．__________________(达不到我们的目标).But we must remember that success doesn't come easily.3．____________________
(如果我们不坚持不懈) and keep trying，we'll never achieve our dreams.
making little progress
never reach our goals
Unless we persevere
4．_____________________ (生活中很少的东西) can be gained 5．____________(不努力). We can't expect to achieve 6．_________
___________(除了失败) if we give up easily.We must not wait until the last moment to start working towards our goals；we should start today 7．___________(而不是)procrastinating(拖延).
Not all challenges are 8．______________________(大得不能战胜). With hard work and dedication，we can prevent any obstacle from stopping us.It's through our efforts and perseverance that we can turn our dreams into reality.
Few things in life
without effort
anything
but failure
instead of
too big to overcome
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We cannot _________(保证) our flights will never be delayed.
2．I am working with mostly highly _________(积极的) people.
3．Please state your name，age and __________(职业)below.
4．Paying a fee doesn't automatically _______(使有资格) you for membership.
5．Ill health forced him into early __________(退休).
课时分层作业(二)
guarantee
motivated
occupation
qualify
retirement
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．He __________ in terms of competence from all his fellows.
2．China says it ________________ seeking a leadership role in the world，now or in the future.
3．The Smiths set the pace and their neighbours try to ______________ them.
4．She was _________ able to distinguish between imagination and reality.
5．The traditional method in a survey of land resources is __________．
keep up with；have no intention of；out of date；stand out；no longer
stood out
has no intention of
keep up with
no longer
out of date
Ⅲ.阅读理解
About 10 years ago，I sat in my office，struggling to write an annual progress report for my dean.I enjoy writing scientific papers that engage my creativity and further my research.But report writing doesn't come with any reward apart from the momentary satisfaction of finishing something.Like other routine paperwork，I find it hard to get through.So that day，I offered myself a reward: When I finished the report，I'd give myself 2 hours to examine slides(玻片) under the microscope—a task I've always loved but never had much time for as a faculty member.It's a strategy I call “just for fun”．
The strategy was born out of challenges I experienced in graduate school.I usually delayed putting together reports for university administrators until threatening letters arrived.I never felt that paperwork was advancing my science，but rather sapping my energy and time for research.One of my committee members recognised and understood my difficulties.Then he told me about his strategy of rewarding himself with a fun project when he completed a task that he didn't particularly enjoy. He advised me to think about doing something similar. I immediately liked the idea.
Over the course of my career，this strategy helped me complete and move past the parts of my job that I didn't particularly enjoy.The rewards I gave myself provided a way to relax and reminded me why I love being a scientist.
As for that annual report，I spent an ordinary morning on it but got it done.Then I hurried over to the microscope，eager to inspect a series of slides that my collaborators(合作者) had sent a couple weeks earlier.To others，it may have looked like work.But to me，it was just for fun.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一名科学家，但是一年一度的进展报告写作让作者觉得毫无意义。在一位委员会成员朋友的启发下，作者学会了在做这样的任务时给自己一个奖赏，就是完成任务后可以做自己喜欢的事情来放松一下。因而作者数十年来也一直享受自己的职业。
1．Why does the author dislike report writing
A．He receives too little from it.
B．It is extremely easy to finish.
C．It needs too much creativity.
D．He doesn't major in writing.
√
A [细节理解题。根据首段中的“But report writing doesn't come with any reward apart from the momentary satisfaction of finishing something.”可知，报告写作除了给作者带来该任务完成的片刻满足外没有任何回报。因此，作者不喜欢这种报告写作。]
2．What does the underlined word “sapping”in paragraph 2 probably refer to
A．Acquiring. B．Consuming.
C．Lacking. D．Providing.
√
B [词义猜测题。画线词所在句句意为“我从未感觉到写报告这种文书工作会促进我的科研，而是在消耗我做研究的时间和精力”。这和作者在首段中表达不喜欢这种工作意思一致。故此处sapping意为“消耗”。]
3．How did the author get his strategy
A．Through the inspiration of his report writing.
B．Through the reward of his collaborators.
C．Through instructions of university administrators.
D．Through a committee member's suggestion.
√
D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He advised me to think about doing something similar.”及上下句可知，作者的一位委员会成员看到作者这种情况，建议作者在完成这种任务时给自己一个奖赏。]
4．What can we learn from the author's experience
A．Choose a career you really like.
B．Seek fun when doing science research.
C．Motivate yourself to finish boring tasks.
D．Reward yourself with a new strategy.
√
C [推理判断题。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们，在遇到没有太大意义且无趣的工作任务时，我们可以通过给自己一点奖赏来激励自己完成该任务。]
Ⅳ.完形填空
The bond (纽带) between brothers is unbelievably strong.Some brothers 1 everything with each other even their organs!
On Brandon's 25th birthday，his younger brother Derek gave him the most 2 surprise anyone could ever receive.Two years ago，Brandon had kidney (肾脏) 3 ．His parents wanted to give their kidneys.But they weren't 4 donors (捐赠者).
That's when Derek decided to get 5 to see if he could save his brother's life.When he 6 that he could offer his kidney，his parents decided to 7 the ultimate surprise birthday present for Brandon.
The brothers have shared a(n) 8 tight bond.They grew up together，loved each other and always 9 each other's backs.
On that birthday，Brandon was presented with a birthday 10 ．
His brother Derek walked behind him，and Brandon began to 11 ， “Dear Brandon，I'm so 12 to have you as a brother.You will always have a piece of my heart，and now you will have
my kidney，too.We are a perfect 13 ．”
Brandon broke into happy tears.He seemed genuinely 14 by his brother's selfless gesture.Donating a kidney is 15 for a donor，so taking on the challenge of surgery and recovery is no small feat (壮举).
Brandon's surgery was successful，and both brothers are doing well today.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了男孩德里克(Derek)在得知哥哥布兰登(Brandon)需要换肾时，主动接受测试，并决定为他捐肾的故事。
1．A．share B．compare
C．argue D．record
A [根据后文“even their organs”及“The brothers have shared a(n) ________ tight bond.”可知，有些兄弟之间关系密切，愿意分享一切。故选A项。]
2．A．creative B．interesting
C．formal D．Incredible
D [根据后文“he could offer his kidney”可知，德里克愿意把自己的肾脏移植给哥哥，这是一个难以置信的生日惊喜。故选D项。]
√
√
3．A．operation B．failure
C．replacement D．examination
B [根据后文“His parents wanted to give their kidneys.”可知，布兰登出现了肾衰竭，需要肾脏移植。故选B项。]
4．A．available B．respected
C．appropriate D．Traditional
C [根据前文“His parents wanted to give their kidneys.But...”可知，虽然父母想移植自己的肾给他，但父母的肾脏不匹配，不合适。故选C项。]
√
√
5．A．approved B．coached
C．recommended D．tested
D [根据后文“to see if he could save his brother's life”可知，他决定检查一下自己的肾脏是否能够移植给哥哥。故选D项。]
6．A．pretended B．forecast
C．realised D．Brought
C [根据后文“ he could offer his kidney”可知，通过测试，德里克意识到自己的肾脏可以移植给哥哥。故选C项。]
√
√
√
7．A．respond to B．arrange for
C．seek for D．pass on
B [根据后文“the ultimate surprise birthday present”可知，父母决定安排这个生日惊喜给布兰登。故选B项。]
8．A．equally B．originally
C．conditionally D．Remarkably
D [根据后文“They grew up together，loved each other and always ________ each other's backs.”可知，兄弟二人的关系非常亲密。故选D项。]
√
9．A．appreciated B．hit
C．had D．observed
√
C [根据前文“They grew up together，loved each other”可知，他们一起成长，关心彼此，支持彼此。had one's back表示“支持某人”。故选C项。]
10．A．card B．cake
C．song D．Party
A [根据后文引号内部分为贺卡内容可知，他收到一张生日贺卡。故选A项。]
√
11．A．recall B．read
C．consult D．announce
B [根据后文“Dear Brandon... ”可知，布兰登收到生日贺卡，开始读贺卡上的内容。故选B项。]
12．A．relaxed B．eager
C．comfortable D．Thankful
D [根据前文“They grew up together，loved each other and always ________each other's backs.”可知，兄弟二人亲密无间，德里克很感激有这样的哥哥。故选D项。]
√
√
13．A．match B．balance
C．team D．family
A [根据前文“You will always have a piece of my heart，and now you will have my kidney”可知，德里克认为兄弟二人从小就分享一切，现在哥哥还要移植他的肾脏，他俩是绝配的搭档。故选A项。]
14．A．motivated B．shocked
C．amused D．Confused
B [根据前文“Brandon broke into happy tears.”可知，弟弟无私的举动震惊了布兰登。故选B项。]
√
√
15．A．necessary B．unforgettable
C．difficult D．beneficial
√
C [根据前文“Donating a kidney”及后文“taking on the challenge of surgery and recovery is no small feat”可知，捐献器官对于捐赠者来说是一个艰难的决定，同样敢于接受手术的挑战也不容易。故选C项。]
Ⅴ.语法填空
No journey is smooth.Challenges，which are part of our lives，can't 1．__________ (avoid).Life wouldn't be called life if it had been 2．_______ challenges.They allow us to view things from 3．________ (vary) angles and give us a much better understanding of life.They help us to learn from our own mistakes as well.
be avoided
without
various
Everybody might have heard about Walt Disney who is a favourite of kids and adults.He is well 4．________ (know) for creating the cartoon Mickey Mouse for the world.But his road to success wasn't easy.He didn't complete formal education and was an 5．_______ (eight) grader only.He had to face so many difficulties and had to start work at the age of 9．With many business failures and no formal training in arts，he still managed 6．_______ (found) Walt Disney studios.He succeeded because of his hard work and not seeing all these factors as his disadvantages.
known
eighth
to found
Sometimes 7．_____ is true that even if you work hard，you might not achieve 8．______ you want.That does not mean you stop trying for it.But how can you improve and come out of this situation It's the mindset (思维模式) that needs 9．____________________ (change).
During that journey，you certainly learned something.And what makes you 10．________ (satisfy) is that you have tried harder and gave your 100% effort.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。挑战是我们生活的一部分。挑战让我们从不同的角度看待事物，让我们更好地理解生活。
it
what
changing/to be changed
satisfied
1．be avoided [考查动词语态。谓语动词avoid和主语challenges之间为动宾关系， 且有情态助动词can't。故填be avoided。]
2．without [考查介词。此处为含有否定意义的介词，表示“没有”应用without。故填without。]
3．various [考查形容词。修饰可数名词复数作定语用形容词various。故填various。]
4．known [考查非谓语动词。be known for表示“因……而闻名”。故填known。]
5．eighth [考查序数词。此处表示八年级的学生，应用序数词eighth。故填eighth。]
6．to found [考查非谓语动词。此处为短语manage to do sth.表示“设法成功做某事”，用不定式作宾语。故填to found。]
7．it [考查代词。此处为“It is true that... ”句型，it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。故填it。]
8．what [考查宾语从句。引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作宾语，表示物。故填what。]
9．changing/to be changed [考查非谓语动词。短语need doing sth.＝need to be done，主动形式表被动。故填changing/to be changed。]
10．satisfied [考查形容词。此处为形容词satisfied作宾语补足语，表示宾语的感受。故填satisfied。]
THANKS课时分层作业(二)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We cannot _________(保证) our flights will never be delayed.
2．I am working with mostly highly _________(积极的) people.
3．Please state your name，age and __________(职业)below.
4．Paying a fee doesn't automatically _______(使有资格) you for membership.
5．Ill health forced him into early __________(退休).
Ⅱ.选词填空
keep up with；have no intention of；out of date；stand out；no longer
1．He __________ in terms of competence from all his fellows.
2．China says it ______________________ seeking a leadership role in the world，now or in the future.
3．The Smiths set the pace and their neighbours try to ______________ them.
4．She was __________ able to distinguish between imagination and reality.
5．The traditional method in a survey of land resources is _____________．
Ⅲ.阅读理解
About 10 years ago，I sat in my office，struggling to write an annual progress report for my dean.I enjoy writing scientific papers that engage my creativity and further my research.But report writing doesn't come with any reward apart from the momentary satisfaction of finishing something.Like other routine paperwork，I find it hard to get through.So that day，I offered myself a reward: When I finished the report，I'd give myself 2 hours to examine slides(玻片) under the microscope—a task I've always loved but never had much time for as a faculty member.It's a strategy I call “just for fun”．
The strategy was born out of challenges I experienced in graduate school.I usually delayed putting together reports for university administrators until threatening letters arrived.I never felt that paperwork was advancing my science，but rather _________my energy and time for research.One of my committee members recognised and understood my difficulties.Then he told me about his strategy of rewarding himself with a fun project when he completed a task that he didn't particularly enjoy.He advised me to think about doing something similar.I immediately liked the idea.
Over the course of my career，this strategy helped me complete and move past the parts of my job that I didn't particularly enjoy.The rewards I gave myself provided a way to relax and reminded me why I love being a scientist.
As for that annual report，I spent an ordinary morning on it but got it done.Then I hurried over to the microscope，eager to inspect a series of slides that my collaborators(合作者) had sent a couple weeks earlier.To others，it may have looked like work.But to me，it was just for fun.
1．Why does the author dislike report writing
A．He receives too little from it.
B．It is extremely easy to finish.
C．It needs too much creativity.
D．He doesn't major in writing.
2．What does the underlined word “sapping” in paragraph 2 probably refer to
A．Acquiring. B．Consuming.
C．Lacking. D．Providing.
3．How did the author get his strategy
A．Through the inspiration of his report writing.
B．Through the reward of his collaborators.
C．Through instructions of university administrators.
D．Through a committee member's suggestion.
4．What can we learn from the author's experience
A．Choose a career you really like.
B．Seek fun when doing science research.
C．Motivate yourself to finish boring tasks.
D．Reward yourself with a new strategy.
Ⅳ.完形填空
The bond (纽带) between brothers is unbelievably strong.Some brothers 1 everything with each other even their organs!
On Brandon's 25th birthday，his younger brother Derek gave him the most 2 surprise anyone could ever receive.Two years ago，Brandon had kidney (肾脏) 3 ．His parents wanted to give their kidneys.But they weren't 4 donors (捐赠者).
That's when Derek decided to get 5 to see if he could save his brother's life.When he 6 that he could offer his kidney，his parents decided to 7 the ultimate surprise birthday present for Brandon.
The brothers have shared a(n) 8 tight bond.They grew up together，loved each other and always 9 each other's backs.
On that birthday，Brandon was presented with a birthday 10 ．His brother Derek walked behind him，and Brandon began to 11 ， “Dear Brandon，I'm so 12 to have you as a brother.You will always have a piece of my heart，and now you will have my kidney，too.We are a perfect 13 ．”
Brandon broke into happy tears.He seemed genuinely 14 by his brother's selfless gesture.Donating a kidney is 15 for a donor，so taking on the challenge of surgery and recovery is no small feat (壮举).
Brandon's surgery was successful，and both brothers are doing well today.
1．A.share B．compare
C．argue D．record
2．A.creative B．interesting
C．formal D．incredible
3．A.operation B．failure
C．replacement D．examination
4．A.available B．respected
C．appropriate D．traditional
5．A.approved B．coached
C．recommended D．tested
6．A.pretended B．forecast
C．realised D．brought
7．A.respond to B．arrange for
C．seek for D．pass on
8．A.equally B．originally
C．conditionally D．remarkably
9．A.appreciated B．hit
C．had D．observed
10．A.card B．cake
C．song D．party
11．A.recall B．read
C．consult D．announce
12．A.relaxed B．eager
C．comfortable D．thankful
13．A.match B．balance
C．team D．family
14．A.motivated B．shocked
C．amused D．confused
15．A.necessary B．unforgettable
C．difficult D．beneficial
Ⅴ.语法填空
No journey is smooth.Challenges，which are part of our lives，can't 1．________ (avoid).Life wouldn't be called life if it had been 2．________ challenges.They allow us to view things from 3．________ (vary) angles and give us a much better understanding of life.They help us to learn from our own mistakes as well.
Everybody might have heard about Walt Disney who is a favourite of kids and adults.He is well 4．________ (know) for creating the cartoon Mickey Mouse for the world.But his road to success wasn't easy.He didn't complete formal education and was an 5．________ (eight) grader only.He had to face so many difficulties and had to start work at the age of 9．With many business failures and no formal training in arts，he still managed 6．________ (found) Walt Disney studios.He succeeded because of his hard work and not seeing all these factors as his disadvantages.
Sometimes 7．________ is true that even if you work hard，you might not achieve 8．________ you want.That does not mean you stop trying for it.But how can you improve and come out of this situation It's the mindset (思维模式) that needs 9．________ (change).During that journey，you certainly learned something.And what makes you 10．________ (satisfy) is that you have tried harder and gave your 100% effort.
课时分层作业(二)
Ⅰ.1．guarantee 2．motivated 3．occupation 4．qualify 5．retirement
Ⅱ.1．stood out 2．has no intention of 3．keep up with
4．no longer 5．out of date
Ⅲ.
1 2 3 4
A B D C
Ⅳ.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A D B C D C B D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
C A B D A B C
Ⅴ.1．be avoided 2．without 3．various 4．known
5．eighth 6．to found 7．it 8．what 9．changing/to be changed 10．satisfied
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一名科学家，但是一年一度的进展报告写作让作者觉得毫无意义。在一位委员会成员朋友的启发下，作者学会了在做这样的任务时给自己一个奖赏，就是完成任务后可以做自己喜欢的事情来放松一下。因而作者数十年来也一直享受自己的职业。
1．A [细节理解题。根据首段中的“But report writing doesn't come with any reward apart from the momentary satisfaction of finishing something.”可知，报告写作除了给作者带来该任务完成的片刻满足外没有任何回报。因此，作者不喜欢这种报告写作。]
2．B [词义猜测题。画线词所在句句意为“我从未感觉到写报告这种文书工作会促进我的科研，而是在消耗我做研究的时间和精力”。这和作者在首段中表达不喜欢这种工作意思一致。故此处sapping意为“消耗”。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He advised me to think about doing something similar.”及上下句可知，作者的一位委员会成员看到作者这种情况，建议作者在完成这种任务时给自己一个奖赏。]
4．C [推理判断题。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们，在遇到没有太大意义且无趣的工作任务时，我们可以通过给自己一点奖赏来激励自己完成该任务。]
Ⅳ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了男孩德里克(Derek)在得知哥哥布兰登(Brandon)需要换肾时，主动接受测试，并决定为他捐肾的故事。
1．A [根据后文“even their organs”及“The brothers have shared a(n) tight bond.”可知，有些兄弟之间关系密切，愿意分享一切。故选A项。]
2．D [根据后文“he could offer his kidney”可知，德里克愿意把自己的肾脏移植给哥哥，这是一个难以置信的生日惊喜。故选D项。]
3．B [根据后文“His parents wanted to give their kidneys.”可知，布兰登出现了肾衰竭，需要肾脏移植。故选B项。]
4．C [根据前文“His parents wanted to give their kidneys.But...”可知，虽然父母想移植自己的肾给他，但父母的肾脏不匹配，不合适。故选C项。]
5．D [根据后文“to see if he could save his brother's life”可知，他决定检查一下自己的肾脏是否能够移植给哥哥。故选D项。]
6．C [根据后文“ he could offer his kidney”可知，通过测试，德里克意识到自己的肾脏可以移植给哥哥。故选C项。]
7．B [根据后文“the ultimate surprise birthday present”可知，父母决定安排这个生日惊喜给布兰登。故选B项。]
8．D [根据后文“They grew up together, loved each other and always each other's backs.”可知，兄弟二人的关系非常亲密。故选D项。]
9．C [根据前文“They grew up together, loved each other”可知，他们一起成长，关心彼此，支持彼此。had one's back表示“支持某人”。故选C项。]
10．A [根据后文引号内部分为贺卡内容可知，他收到一张生日贺卡。故选A项。]
11．B [根据后文“Dear Brandon... ”可知，布兰登收到生日贺卡，开始读贺卡上的内容。故选B项。]
12．D [根据前文“They grew up together, loved each other and always each other's backs.”可知，兄弟二人亲密无间，德里克很感激有这样的哥哥。故选D项。]
13．A [根据前文“You will always have a piece of my heart, and now you will have my kidney”可知，德里克认为兄弟二人从小就分享一切，现在哥哥还要移植他的肾脏，他俩是绝配的搭档。故选A项。]
14．B [根据前文“Brandon broke into happy tears.”可知，弟弟无私的举动震惊了布兰登。故选B项。]
15．C [根据前文“Donating a kidney”及后文“taking on the challenge of surgery and recovery is no small feat”可知，捐献器官对于捐赠者来说是一个艰难的决定，同样敢于接受手术的挑战也不容易。故选C项。]
Ⅴ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。挑战是我们生活的一部分。挑战让我们从不同的角度看待事物，让我们更好地理解生活。
1．be avoided [考查动词语态。谓语动词avoid和主语challenges之间为动宾关系， 且有情态助动词can't。故填be avoided。]
2．without [考查介词。此处为含有否定意义的介词，表示“没有”应用without。故填without。]
3．various [考查形容词。修饰可数名词复数作定语用形容词various。故填various。]
4．known [考查非谓语动词。be known for表示“因……而闻名”。故填known。]
5．eighth [考查序数词。此处表示八年级的学生，应用序数词eighth。故填eighth。]
6．to found [考查非谓语动词。此处为短语manage to do sth.表示“设法成功做某事”，用不定式作宾语。故填to found。]
7．it [考查代词。此处为“It is true that... ”句型，it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。故填it。]
8．what [考查宾语从句。引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作宾语，表示物。故填what。]
9．changing/to be changed [考查非谓语动词。短语need doing sth.＝need to be done，主动形式表被动。故填changing/to be changed。]
10．satisfied [考查形容词。此处为形容词satisfied作宾语补足语，表示宾语的感受。故填satisfied。]
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