Period 4 单元语法讲练
完成时态
一、现在完成时
(一)构成：have/has＋过去分词
(二)用法
1．“完成用法”：表示动作在说话时已经完成(可不指出动作发生的确切时间)，但对现在产生某种后果或影响。常与recently，before，so far，up to now，till now，in the past years，these days等时间状语连用。
Tom has made much progress in his learning of Chinese.
汤姆在汉语学习方面取得了很大的进步。
Have you ever been to the West Lake
你去过西湖吗？
2．“未完成用法”：表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去，这时常和“since＋点时间状语(名词、短语、从句)”或“for＋段时间状语”连用。
We have lived here since 1994.
自1994年以来我们一直住在这里。
I have taught in this school for 30 years.
我在这所学校任教30年了。
3．在条件、时间状语从句中可以表示将来会完成的动作。
I won't believe it until I have seen it with my own eyes.
直到我亲眼见到才相信。
4．现在完成时的常用固定句型：
(1)在“It/This is the first/second...last time＋(that)... ”句型中，从句用现在完成时。
It's the first time (that) the boy has spoken to a foreigner.
这个男孩还是第一次同外国人说话。
(2)在“It/This is the＋形容词最高级＋名词(＋that)... ”句型中，从句用现在完成时。
Yunnan is one of the most beautiful places I have ever visited in China.
云南是我在中国游览过的最美丽的地方之一。
二、过去完成时
(一)构成：had＋过去分词
(二)用法
1．表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by，by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time，before，when，until等引导的状语从句，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。
He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.
老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
By the end of 2022，he had collected more than two thousand foreign stamps.
到2022年底，他已经收集了2 000多枚外国邮票。
2．表示发生在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for，since等词连用。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
She said she had made much progress since she came here.
她说自从她到这儿后已经取得了很大的进步。
3．表示“希望、打算或意图”的动词如hope，mean，want，think，expect，plan，intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。
I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①I __________________ (not finish) reading the book yet，so I will return it to the library later.
②I _________ (be) at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
③In the past forty years this country _________(make) great advances in science and technology.
④It was the first time that I _________ (come) across such a complicated problem.
三、现在完成进行时
(一)构成：have/has been＋动词-ing形式
(二)用法
1．(1)现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否继续下去，由上下文而定。这个时态多用于延续性动词，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和all this week，this month，all night，all the morning，recently等时间状语以及since和for引导的时间状语连用(与since和for连用时，动作常会继续下去)。
I have been waiting for an hour but he still hasn't turned up.
我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。
(2)有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用于瞬间动词。
He's been shaving since last year.
他从去年开始就一直刮胡子。
2．现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略。现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。这种现在完成进行时多指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。
You've been working too hard.
你工作太辛苦了。(直接结果可能是你一定很累了)
3．现在完成进行时的感彩。现在完成进行时和其他进行时态一样，也可以带有感彩。
I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.
和你见面是我盼望已久的事。
四、过去完成进行时
(一)构成：had been＋动词-ing形式
(二)用法：
1．过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到另一过去时间。动作是否继续下去，由上下文而定。与过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以过去某一时间为前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
这个东西，我找了很多天才找到。
The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.
电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。
2．与过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时可接具有“突然”意义的when从句(有些从句用一般过去时)。
I had only been reading for a few minutes when he came in.
我刚看了几分钟书他就进来了。
She had only been studying her lesson for ten minutes when her little sister interrupted her.
她温习功课不过十分钟，她的妹妹就把她打断了。
3．过去完成进行时和现在完成进行时一样，也可有一些特别的含义：
(1)表示过去的“刚才，近来”发生的动作
My hands were dirty.I'd been painting the door.
我的手很脏，我一直在漆门。
(2)表示过去的重复动作
He had been asking me the same question.
他一直在问我同一个问题。
(3)表示某种感彩
What had he been doing
他一直在做什么？(不耐烦)
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①We _________________ (do) everything possible to improve the working conditions.
②I ___________________ (study) for two hours before I finally understood the concept.
③She ____________________ (suffer) from bad cold when she took the exam.
④He __________________ (wait) for two weeks before you came.
短文语境填空
I love English 1．_______ speaking English is interesting.When I listen to my teacher Benney，2．___ is a teacher teaching English and 3．___________________ (teach) English for ten years by last term，I can always understand what he 4．___________(talk) about.I 5．____________________(learn) English for 7 years.
Yesterday，Benny said to me，“How beautiful your English is！What a good student you are！”
And I told him that if I 6．____________ (start) earlier，my English would have become better.I 7．______________ (wonder)，“Am I late What can I do？”
Benny answered，“Don't be nervous.The fact 8．____ you are late is not a problem.The problem is how hard you 9．_____________ (learn) now.How you learn it is also very important，isn't it What would you say ”
I would say I will try my best 10．________ (make) my English as good as possible.And I'm sure that I will have spoken like a foreigner by the end of my school years and I will be teaching others how to learn it.They would be calling me a teacher.
Period 4
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①haven't finished ②had been ③has made ④had come
[即时训练2]
①have been doing ②had been studying ③had been suffering ④had been waiting
巩固落实
1．because 2．who 3．had been teaching 4．is talking
5．have been learning 6．had started 7．was wondering
8．that 9．are learning 10． to make
2 / 2(共45张PPT)
Period ４
Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
主题语境
人与社会 —— 科学与技术
课时学案 单元语法讲练
完成时态
一、现在完成时
(一)构成：have/has＋过去分词
(二)用法
1．“完成用法”：表示动作在说话时已经完成(可不指出动作发生的确切时间)，但对现在产生某种后果或影响。常与recently，before，so far，up to now，till now，in the past years，these days等时间状语连用。
Tom has made much progress in his learning of Chinese.
汤姆在汉语学习方面取得了很大的进步。
Have you ever been to the West Lake
你去过西湖吗？
2．“未完成用法”：表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去，这时常和“since＋点时间状语(名词、短语、从句)”或“for＋段时间状语”连用。
We have lived here since 1994.
自1994年以来我们一直住在这里。
I have taught in this school for 30 years.
我在这所学校任教30年了。
3．在条件、时间状语从句中可以表示将来会完成的动作。
I won't believe it until I have seen it with my own eyes.
直到我亲眼见到才相信。
4．现在完成时的常用固定句型：
(1)在“It/This is the first/second...last time＋(that)... ”句型中，从句用现在完成时。
It's the first time (that) the boy has spoken to a foreigner.
这个男孩还是第一次同外国人说话。
(2)在“It/This is the＋形容词最高级＋名词(＋that)... ”句型中，从句用现在完成时。
Yunnan is one of the most beautiful places I have ever visited in China.
云南是我在中国游览过的最美丽的地方之一。
二、过去完成时
(一)构成：had＋过去分词
(二)用法
1．表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by，by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time，before，when，until等引导的状语从句，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。
He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.
老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
By the end of 2022，he had collected more than two thousand foreign stamps.
到2022年底，他已经收集了2 000多枚外国邮票。
2．表示发生在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for，since等词连用。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
She said she had made much progress since she came here.
她说自从她到这儿后已经取得了很大的进步。
3．表示“希望、打算或意图”的动词如hope，mean，want，think，expect，plan，intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。
I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①I _______________ (not finish) reading the book yet，so I will return it to the library later.
②I _________ (be) at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
③In the past forty years this country _________(make) great advances in science and technology.
④It was the first time that I ________ (come) across such a complicated problem.
haven't finished
had been
has made
had come
课时学案
课时分层作业
Period 4
三、现在完成进行时
(一)构成：have/has been＋动词-ing形式
(二)用法
1．(1)现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否继续下去，由上下文而定。这个时态多用于延续性动词，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和all this week，this month，all night，all the morning，recently等时间状语以及since和for引导的时间状语连用(与since和for连用时，动作常会继续下去)。
I have been waiting for an hour but he still hasn't turned up.
我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。
课时学案
课时分层作业
Period 4
(2)有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用于瞬间动词。
He's been shaving since last year.
他从去年开始就一直刮胡子。
2．现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略。现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。这种现在完成进行时多指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。
You've been working too hard.
你工作太辛苦了。(直接结果可能是你一定很累了)
课时学案
课时分层作业
Period 4
3．现在完成进行时的感彩。现在完成进行时和其他进行时态一样，也可以带有感彩。
I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.
和你见面是我盼望已久的事。
课时学案
课时分层作业
Period 4
四、过去完成进行时
(一)构成：had been＋动词-ing形式
(二)用法：
1．过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到另一过去时间。动作是否继续下去，由上下文而定。与过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以过去某一时间为前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
这个东西，我找了很多天才找到。
The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.
电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。
课时学案
课时分层作业
Period 4
2．与过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时可接具有“突然”意义的when从句(有些从句用一般过去时)。
I had only been reading for a few minutes when he came in.
我刚看了几分钟书他就进来了。
She had only been studying her lesson for ten minutes when her little sister interrupted her.
她温习功课不过十分钟，她的妹妹就把她打断了。
课时学案
课时分层作业
Period 4
3．过去完成进行时和现在完成进行时一样，也可有一些特别的含义：
(1)表示过去的“刚才，近来”发生的动作
My hands were dirty.I'd been painting the door.
我的手很脏，我一直在漆门。
(2)表示过去的重复动作
He had been asking me the same question.
他一直在问我同一个问题。
(3)表示某种感彩
What had he been doing
他一直在做什么？(不耐烦)
课时学案
课时分层作业
Period 4
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①We ______________ (do) everything possible to improve the working conditions.
②I ________________ (study) for two hours before I finally understood the concept.
③She _______________ (suffer) from bad cold when she took the exam.
④He _______________(wait) for two weeks before you came.
have been doing
had been studying
had been suffering
had been waiting
课时学案
课时分层作业
Period 4
短文语境填空
I love English 1．_______ speaking English is interesting.When I listen to my teacher Benney，2．____ is a teacher teaching English and 3．_______________(teach) English for ten years by last term，I can always understand what he 4．________(talk) about.I 5．________________(learn) English for 7 years.
Yesterday，Benny said to me，“How beautiful your English is！What a good student you are！”
because
who
had been teaching
is talking
have been learning
And I told him that if I 6．___________ (start) earlier，my English would have become better.I 7．______________ (wonder)，“Am I late What can I do？”
Benny answered，“Don't be nervous.The fact 8．____ you are late is not a problem.The problem is how hard you 9．_____________ (learn) now.How you learn it is also very important，isn't it What would you say ”
had started
was wondering
that
are learning
I would say I will try my best 10．________ (make) my English as good as possible.And I'm sure that I will have spoken like a foreigner by the end of my school years and I will be teaching others how to learn it.They would be calling me a teacher.
to make
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The police think the videotape may hold some vital _____(线索) to the identity of the killer.
2．Many patients are getting the medical _________(治疗) they need.
3．She had to face the fact that her life had changed _______(永远).
4．I volunteer in high schools and speak to them about ______________
(生殖的) health.
5．Laughter is one of the most infectious expressions of _______(情感).
课时分层作业(七)
clues
treatment
forever
reproductive
emotion
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is difficult to make a __________(compare) with her previous book，because they are completely different.
2．You've done so much work，so we all believe you're bound ______
(pass) the exam.
3．I insist that diligence __(be) the most important factor for success.
4．Age affects the range of a person's ____________ (capability).
5．Our society needs the full _____________(participate) of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive.
comparison
to pass
is
capabilities
participation
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Cheapest Islands in the World to Visit
Grand Bahama Island，The Bahamas
As the northernmost of the 700 islands of the Bahamas，Grand Bahama dishes up plenty of cheap activities alongside its white-sand beaches.Visiting Lucayan National Park，which is home to both beloved Gold Rock Beach and one of the largest underwater cave (洞穴) systems in the world，is an affordable trip.There are hotel rooms at $80 a night.
Madeira，Portugal
Though closer to mainland Africa，Madeira is a part of Portugal known for its breathtaking natural beauty.Visitors can find hotels starting at $85 a night，and enjoy plenty of low-cost activities，like rowing a boat around the volcanic Porto Moniz natural swimming pools，and admiring the never-ending views around the island.No wonder it's been called the “Hawaii of Europe”．
Dominican Republic
Looking for one of the least expensive Caribbean islands The Dominican Republic is full of affordable surprises.In Santo Domingo，walk around Zona Colonial，the historic heart of the country's capital，you'll find castles，cathedrals (教堂)，cobblestone streets，and cafés around every corner.During the low season (summer)，you can find hotel deals starting at $33 a night.
Sri Lanka
Do you want to spend just $25—50 a day Then go to Sri Lanka.Since the South Asian island country is one of the largest tea producers in the world，start with a tea factory tour on a peaceful hike.Taking a train ride through the hills from Kandy to Badulla or from Colombo to Galle is an enjoyable and affordable way to see the countryside.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个世界上适合参观的最便宜的岛屿。
1．What can you do in Lucayan National Park
A．Visit a huge castle.
B．Enjoy the beautiful beach.
C．Swim in Porto Moniz.
D．Go on a tea factory tour.
B [细节理解题。根据Grand Bahama Island，The Bahamas部分中“Visiting Lucayan National Park，which is home to both beloved Gold Rock Beach and one of the largest underwater cave systems in the world，is an affordable trip.”可知，在Lucayan国家公园可以欣赏美丽的海滩。故选B。]
√
2．What is special about Zona Colonial
A．It requires booking.
B．It has historic sites.
C．It is famous for tea.
D．It is closed in summer.
√
B [细节理解题。通读全文并根据Dominican Republic部分中“In Santo Domingo，walk around Zona Colonial，the historic heart of the country's capital，you'll find castles，cathedrals，cobblestone streets，and cafés around every corner.”可知，本文介绍的其他地方都是以自然风光为主，而Zona Colonial尤以历史古迹著称，所以Zona Colonial的特殊之处在于它的历史古迹。故选B。]
3．Which of the following would provide a hotel room at the lowest price
A．Dominica. B．The Bahamas.
C．Portugal. D．Sri Lanka.
√
D [细节理解题。对比文中四处旅游景点的酒店价格，Grand Bahama Island，The Bahamas标题下最后一句“There are hotel rooms at $80 a night.”；Madeira，Portugal标题下“Visitors can find hotels starting at $85 a night”；Dominican Republic标题下“you can find hotel deals starting at $33 a night”；Sri Lanka标题下“Do you want to spend just $25—50 a day？”可知，在Sri Lanka可以订购到最便宜的客房。故选D。]
B
Iman，the last Sumatran rhino(犀牛) in Malaysia，died in 2019 — bringing the endangered species one step closer to extinction.Now，Malaysian scientists are hoping to use tissues and cells from Iman and other dead rhinos to bring the population back.
“Before the three rhinos (the last survivors in Malaysia) died，we got their cells，and the cells are still alive — which is why I'm quite confident，”Dr.Lokman said.“If we don't have any cells，or have just tissue that isn't living anymore，we wouldn't be able to do anything.But now we have a living thing that we can use.”
The cells came from the rhinos' hearts，lungs and brains.What is the most important is that the team collected stem cells (干细胞).One possible approach is to develop these stem cells into an egg(卵子)and sperm (精子)，to create an embryo (胚胎) that will be placed into a surrogate mother (代孕母亲).She will likely be another rhino，either a Sumatran rhino from another country or another species.The other method is to take the egg of a surrogate animal，remove the nucleus (细胞核)，and join it with a Sumatran rhino's body cell.This technique was famously used to clone Dolly the sheep in 1996．Dr.Lokman and his colleagues are trying both ways. The team is still in the early stages；next，they need to find a suitable surrogate female.
Sumatran rhinos are listed as critically endangered by the World Wildlife Fund.There are less than 80 alive in Indonesia and Thailand.The fall in the population was first caused by hunting. Later，the situation was worsened by the loss of habitats and human activity.Unfortunately，there are now only five remaining rhino species worldwide，and all are threatened.Some sub-species have already died out；the western black rhino was declared extinct in 2013．And it is a pity that the last male northern white rhino died in 2019.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马来西亚科学家团队希望利用克隆技术，使濒危的苏门答腊犀牛种群得以繁衍扩大。
4．What makes it possible for the team to bring the Sumatran rhinos' population back
A．They have collected three rhinos' living cells.
B．They have carried out similar experiments before.
C．There is a baby Sumatran rhino living in Malaysia.
D．There are still some cells alive in the dying rhino.
√
A [推理判断题。根据第二段第一句(在这三头犀牛死去之前， 我们获得了他们身上的活体细胞，这就是“我”非常有信心的原因)可知， 该科学家团队掌握了活体细胞， 就能将苏门答腊犀牛种群数量繁衍扩大。故选A。]
5．What do the two methods have in common
A．Both have been used for Dolly.
B．Both change the cell's nucleus.
C．Both involve a surrogate female.
D．Both rely on the Sumatran rhinos' stem cells.
√
C [推理判断题。根据第三段第三句(一种可行的方法就是， 将这些干细胞培植入一个卵子和精子中。这样做的目的是创造一个能放入代孕妈妈体内的胚胎)和第五句(另一个办法就是取出一个代孕妈妈体内的卵子)可知， 两种方法的共同点在于它们都需要一个代孕妈妈。故选C。]
6．What feeling does the author express in the last paragraph
A．Her admiration for cloning technology.
B．Her satisfaction with the scientists' efforts.
C．Her disappointment at protection measures.
D．Her deep worry about the rhino population.
√
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中(不幸的是， 目前全世界仅剩五个犀牛物种， 它们的生存都受到了威胁)可知， 作者对锐减的犀牛种群数量充满担忧。故选D。]
7．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Last Sumatran rhino in Malaysia has died.
B．Scientists hope to clone Sumatran rhinos.
C．Stem cells are giving birth to new rhino babies.
D．Sumatran rhinos are listed as critically endangered.
√
B [主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段第一句(现在，马来西亚科学家希望使用Iman和其他死亡犀牛的组织和细胞，使犀牛复生)可知，全文主要讲述了马来西亚科学家希望通过克隆技术，使苏门答腊犀牛复生。故选B。]
Ⅳ.阅读七选五
Self-acceptance is the ability to be comfortable with who you are.When you love yourself，it's about learning to like the parts of yourself that you don't like.But how to start self-acceptance
The first step is to understand it.You need to know that it's okay if you have disadvantages and are different from other people.No one is perfect，so don't try to be.It's also important to remember that everyone has a different opinion. 1 If you don't want something，don't do it.
The next step is choosing the right thoughts and words to describe yourself.When someone says something negative or makes fun of you，don't let it bother you. 2 If you keep thinking about it，it'll only make you feel worse.
3 When you think positively，it'll show in your actions and words.You'll start to like yourself more.Think about things you like，and let them help you get through the tough times.
Being kind to yourself is another way to practice self-acceptance.Have fun! 4 This will make it easier for you when you have difficult days in the future.
Be careful about the words you use when talking to yourself，too! Lots of people say negative phrases to themselves.For example，students might say “I don't like myself”． 5 .
A．It's also important to have positive thoughts about yourself.
B．It's okay to be upset，but don't let it stay with you for too long.
C．What might bother you about yourself might not bother another person.
D．Do something nice for yourself or take a break from life every once in a while.
E．If self-acceptance leads to positive steps in the future，it can lead to a happier life.
F．But when you talk badly about yourself in your head，there's no one but you to stop it.
G．Self-acceptance is similar from person to person and there is no wrong or right way to do it.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些有助于自我接纳的方法。
1．C [上文“It's also important to remember that everyone has a different opinion.”说明每个人的想法都不一样，C项具体说明人们想法各异，你以为困扰的事情可能不会困扰别人。衔接恰当。故选C项。]
2．B [上文“When someone says something negative or makes fun of you，don't let it bother you.”说明不要在意别人消极的评论，B项衔接上文，说明当听到消极的评论时，“ be upset”是正常的，但不能困扰太久，照应下文，如果困扰太久，则“it'll only make you feel worse(这只会让你感觉更糟)”衔接恰当。故选B项。]
3．A [下文“When you think positively，it'll show in your actions and words.You'll start to like yourself more.Think about things you like，and let them help you get through the tough times.”说明了积极看待自己的重要性，A项衔接恰当。故选A项。]
4．D [上文“Being kind to yourself is another way to practice self-acceptance.Have fun！”说明了善待自己的重要性，D项说明了具体的善待自己的方法，衔接下文“This will make it easier for you when you have difficult days in the future.”，说明这样做的好处。故选D项。]
5．F [上文“Be careful about the words you use when talking to yourself，too! Lots of people say negative phrases to themselves.For example，students might say ‘I don't like myself’．”说明自言自语时也不能妄自菲薄，F项衔接上文，说明当自己说自己的坏话时，只有自己能够阻止。故选F项。]
THANKS课时分层作业(七)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The police think the videotape may hold some vital _____(线索) to the identity of the killer.
2．Many patients are getting the medical _________(治疗) they need.
3．She had to face the fact that her life had changed _______(永远).
4．I volunteer in high schools and speak to them about ____________(生殖的) health.
5．Laughter is one of the most infectious expressions of _______(情感).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is difficult to make a __________(compare) with her previous book，because they are completely different.
2．You've done so much work，so we all believe you're bound ________ (pass) the exam.
3．I insist that diligence __(be) the most important factor for success.
4．Age affects the range of a person's ____________ (capability).
5．Our society needs the full _____________(participate) of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Cheapest Islands in the World to Visit
Grand Bahama Island，The Bahamas
As the northernmost of the 700 islands of the Bahamas，Grand Bahama dishes up plenty of cheap activities alongside its white-sand beaches.Visiting Lucayan National Park，which is home to both beloved Gold Rock Beach and one of the largest underwater cave (洞穴) systems in the world，is an affordable trip.There are hotel rooms at $80 a night.
Madeira，Portugal
Though closer to mainland Africa，Madeira is a part of Portugal known for its breathtaking natural beauty.Visitors can find hotels starting at $85 a night，and enjoy plenty of low-cost activities，like rowing a boat around the volcanic Porto Moniz natural swimming pools，and admiring the never-ending views around the island.No wonder it's been called the “Hawaii of Europe”．
Dominican Republic
Looking for one of the least expensive Caribbean islands The Dominican Republic is full of affordable surprises.In Santo Domingo，walk around Zona Colonial，the historic heart of the country's capital，you'll find castles，cathedrals (教堂)，cobblestone streets，and cafés around every corner.During the low season (summer)，you can find hotel deals starting at $33 a night.
Sri Lanka
Do you want to spend just $25—50 a day Then go to Sri Lanka.Since the South Asian island country is one of the largest tea producers in the world，start with a tea factory tour on a peaceful hike.Taking a train ride through the hills from Kandy to Badulla or from Colombo to Galle is an enjoyable and affordable way to see the countryside.
1．What can you do in Lucayan National Park
A．Visit a huge castle.
B．Enjoy the beautiful beach.
C．Swim in Porto Moniz.
D．Go on a tea factory tour.
2．What is special about Zona Colonial
A．It requires booking.
B．It has historic sites.
C．It is famous for tea.
D．It is closed in summer.
3．Which of the following would provide a hotel room at the lowest price
A．Dominica. B．The Bahamas.
C．Portugal. D．Sri Lanka.
B
Iman，the last Sumatran rhino(犀牛) in Malaysia，died in 2019 — bringing the endangered species one step closer to extinction.Now，Malaysian scientists are hoping to use tissues and cells from Iman and other dead rhinos to bring the population back.
“Before the three rhinos (the last survivors in Malaysia) died，we got their cells，and the cells are still alive — which is why I'm quite confident，” Dr.Lokman said.“If we don't have any cells，or have just tissue that isn't living anymore，we wouldn't be able to do anything.But now we have a living thing that we can use.”
The cells came from the rhinos' hearts，lungs and brains.What is the most important is that the team collected stem cells (干细胞).One possible approach is to develop these stem cells into an egg(卵子)and sperm (精子)，to create an embryo (胚胎) that will be placed into a surrogate mother (代孕母亲).She will likely be another rhino，either a Sumatran rhino from another country or another species.The other method is to take the egg of a surrogate animal，remove the nucleus (细胞核)，and join it with a Sumatran rhino's body cell.This technique was famously used to clone Dolly the sheep in 1996．Dr.Lokman and his colleagues are trying both ways. The team is still in the early stages；next，they need to find a suitable surrogate female.
Sumatran rhinos are listed as critically endangered by the World Wildlife Fund.There are less than 80 alive in Indonesia and Thailand.The fall in the population was first caused by hunting. Later，the situation was worsened by the loss of habitats and human activity.Unfortunately，there are now only five remaining rhino species worldwide，and all are threatened.Some sub-species have already died out；the western black rhino was declared extinct in 2013．And it is a pity that the last male northern white rhino died in 2019.
4．What makes it possible for the team to bring the Sumatran rhinos' population back
A．They have collected three rhinos' living cells.
B．They have carried out similar experiments before.
C．There is a baby Sumatran rhino living in Malaysia.
D．There are still some cells alive in the dying rhino.
5．What do the two methods have in common
A．Both have been used for Dolly.
B．Both change the cell's nucleus.
C．Both involve a surrogate female.
D．Both rely on the Sumatran rhinos' stem cells.
6．What feeling does the author express in the last paragraph
A．Her admiration for cloning technology.
B．Her satisfaction with the scientists' efforts.
C．Her disappointment at protection measures.
D．Her deep worry about the rhino population.
7．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Last Sumatran rhino in Malaysia has died.
B．Scientists hope to clone Sumatran rhinos.
C．Stem cells are giving birth to new rhino babies.
D．Sumatran rhinos are listed as critically endangered.
Ⅳ.阅读七选五
Self-acceptance is the ability to be comfortable with who you are.When you love yourself，it's about learning to like the parts of yourself that you don't like.But how to start self-acceptance
The first step is to understand it.You need to know that it's okay if you have disadvantages and are different from other people.No one is perfect，so don't try to be.It's also important to remember that everyone has a different opinion. 1 If you don't want something，don't do it.
The next step is choosing the right thoughts and words to describe yourself.When someone says something negative or makes fun of you，don't let it bother you. 2 If you keep thinking about it，it'll only make you feel worse.
3 When you think positively，it'll show in your actions and words.You'll start to like yourself more.Think about things you like，and let them help you get through the tough times.
Being kind to yourself is another way to practice self-acceptance.Have fun! 4 This will make it easier for you when you have difficult days in the future.
Be careful about the words you use when talking to yourself，too! Lots of people say negative phrases to themselves.For example，students might say “I don't like myself”． 5
A．It's also important to have positive thoughts about yourself.
B．It's okay to be upset，but don't let it stay with you for too long.
C．What might bother you about yourself might not bother another person.
D．Do something nice for yourself or take a break from life every once in a while.
E．If self-acceptance leads to positive steps in the future，it can lead to a happier life.
F．But when you talk badly about yourself in your head，there's no one but you to stop it.
G．Self-acceptance is similar from person to person and there is no wrong or right way to do it.
课时分层作业(七)
Ⅰ.1．clues 2．treatment 3．forever 4．reproductive 5．emotion
Ⅱ.1．comparison 2．to pass 3．is 4．capabilities 5．participation
Ⅲ.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
B B D A C D B
Ⅳ.
1 2 3 4 5
C B A D F
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个世界上适合参观的最便宜的岛屿。
1．B [细节理解题。根据Grand Bahama Island, The Bahamas部分中“Visiting Lucayan National Park, which is home to both beloved Gold Rock Beach and one of the largest underwater cave systems in the world, is an affordable trip.”可知，在Lucayan国家公园可以欣赏美丽的海滩。故选B。]
2．B [细节理解题。通读全文并根据Dominican Republic部分中“In Santo Domingo, walk around Zona Colonial, the historic heart of the country's capital, you'll find castles, cathedrals, cobblestone streets, and cafés around every corner.”可知，本文介绍的其他地方都是以自然风光为主，而Zona Colonial尤以历史古迹著称，所以Zona Colonial的特殊之处在于它的历史古迹。故选B。]
3．D [细节理解题。对比文中四处旅游景点的酒店价格， Grand Bahama Island, The Bahamas标题下最后一句“There are hotel rooms at $80 a night.”；Madeira, Portugal标题下“Visitors can find hotels starting at $85 a night”；Dominican Republic标题下“you can find hotel deals starting at $33 a night”；Sri Lanka标题下“Do you want to spend just $25—50 a day？”可知，在Sri Lanka可以订购到最便宜的客房。故选D。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马来西亚科学家团队希望利用克隆技术， 使濒危的苏门答腊犀牛种群得以繁衍扩大。
4．A [推理判断题。根据第二段第一句(在这三头犀牛死去之前， 我们获得了他们身上的活体细胞， 这就是“我”非常有信心的原因)可知， 该科学家团队掌握了活体细胞， 就能将苏门答腊犀牛种群数量繁衍扩大。故选A。]
5．C [推理判断题。根据第三段第三句(一种可行的方法就是， 将这些干细胞培植入一个卵子和精子中。这样做的目的是创造一个能放入代孕妈妈体内的胚胎)和第五句(另一个办法就是取出一个代孕妈妈体内的卵子)可知， 两种方法的共同点在于它们都需要一个代孕妈妈。故选C。]
6．D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中(不幸的是， 目前全世界仅剩五个犀牛物种， 它们的生存都受到了威胁)可知，作者对锐减的犀牛种群数量充满担忧。故选D。]
7．B [主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段第一句(现在， 马来西亚科学家希望使用Iman和其他死亡犀牛的组织和细胞， 使犀牛复生)可知， 全文主要讲述了马来西亚科学家希望通过克隆技术， 使苏门答腊犀牛复生。故选B。]
Ⅳ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些有助于自我接纳的方法。
1．C [上文“It's also important to remember that everyone has a different opinion.”说明每个人的想法都不一样，C项具体说明人们想法各异，你以为困扰的事情可能不会困扰别人。衔接恰当。故选C项。]
2．B [上文“When someone says something negative or makes fun of you, don't let it bother you.”说明不要在意别人消极的评论，B项衔接上文，说明当听到消极的评论时，“ be upset”是正常的，但不能困扰太久，照应下文，如果困扰太久，则“it'll only make you feel worse(这只会让你感觉更糟)”衔接恰当。故选B项。]
3．A [下文“When you think positively, it'll show in your actions and words.You'll start to like yourself more.Think about things you like, and let them help you get through the tough times.”说明了积极看待自己的重要性，A项衔接恰当。故选A项。]
4．D [上文“Being kind to yourself is another way to practice self-acceptance.Have fun！”说明了善待自己的重要性，D项说明了具体的善待自己的方法，衔接下文“This will make it easier for you when you have difficult days in the future.”，说明这样做的好处。故选D项。]
5．F [上文“Be careful about the words you use when talking to yourself, too! Lots of people say negative phrases to themselves.For example, students might say ‘I don't like myself’．”说明自言自语时也不能妄自菲薄，F项衔接上文，说明当自己说自己的坏话时，只有自己能够阻止。故选F项。]
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