Period 4 单元语法讲练
短语动词(2)
英语中有相当一部分动词后接副词或介词，或副词加介词，这些搭配构成短语动词。短语动词有以下几种形式：
一、动词＋副词
此类短语动词有两个特点：1．是不及物动词短语，不带宾语；2．是及物动词短语，需带宾语。
The war broke out 30 years ago.
这场战争爆发于三十年前。
I can't make out your meaning.
我不明白你的意思。
[名师点津] 作为此类短语动词的宾语，代词只能位于动词和副词之间；名词可以位于动词和副词之间，也可以在副词之后。
He brought me back in his car.
他用车把我送回家。
Please bring all library books back by the end of the week.＝Please bring back all library books by the end of the week.
请在这周末前把图书馆的书全部归还。
另外，宾语较长时，通常放在副词之后。
She tore up all the letters he had sent her.
她把他寄给她的信都撕碎了。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Tom kept talking so I kicked him under the table to shut him __．
②I don't want to make supper；shall we eat ___ tonight
③I can't make_______what he wants.
二、动词＋介词
此类短语动词是及物动词短语，所带的宾语无论是代词还是名词，一律要放在介词之后。
I didn't really take to him.
我过去对他不是很有好感。
I didn't really take to her husband.
我过去对她的丈夫不是很有好感。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①I ran ____ him on the street yesterday.
②The great majority of people seem to agree ______this view.
③The company I work for went _________a rough time.
三、动词＋副词＋介词
此类短语动词是及物动词短语，作宾语的代词或名词都位于介词之后。
Go on ahead! I'll catch up with you.
你先走！我随后赶上你。
You should not look down on people who haven't been to college.
你不应该瞧不起没上过大学的人。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①When my parents were away，my grandmother would take care __ me.
②The old man often looks ____ on his childhood.
③After all the delays，we were anxious to make up_______lost time.
短文语境填空
The day began with a bang as I took 1．____a new project at work.It was a daunting task，but I was determined to look 2．______every detail and make it a success.As I went 3．_________the initial stages，I came 4．________several obstacles，but I persevered and eventually came up 5．______a plan to overcome them.
Unfortunately，my plan was interrupted when my car turned 6．____with a flat tire.Frustrated，I put 7．_____the project temporarily and focused on getting the car fixed.It was a stressful situation，but I held 8．____and managed to get it sorted out.
Later，I called at a friend's house to discuss the project.We brainstormed and brought up new ideas that could help us move forward.Despite the earlier setbacks，our corporation broke 9．______the remaining barriers.
By the end of the day，I had not only got 10．______the initial challenges but also made significant progress on the project.It was a day filled with ups and downs，but I emerged stronger and more determined than ever.
Period 4
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①up ②out ③ out
[即时训练2]
①into ②with ③through
[即时训练3]
①of ②back ③ for
巩固落实
1．up 2．into 3．through 4．across 5．with
6．up 7．off 8．on 9．down 10． over
1 / 1(共46张PPT)
Period ４
Section Ⅱ LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
主题语境
人与社会 —— 科学与技术
课时学案 单元语法讲练
短语动词(2)
英语中有相当一部分动词后接副词或介词，或副词加介词，这些搭配构成短语动词。短语动词有以下几种形式：
一、动词＋副词
此类短语动词有两个特点：1．是不及物动词短语，不带宾语；2．是及物动词短语，需带宾语。
The war broke out 30 years ago.
这场战争爆发于三十年前。
I can't make out your meaning.
我不明白你的意思。
[名师点津] 作为此类短语动词的宾语，代词只能位于动词和副词之间；名词可以位于动词和副词之间，也可以在副词之后。
He brought me back in his car.
他用车把我送回家。
Please bring all library books back by the end of the week.＝Please bring back all library books by the end of the week.
请在这周末前把图书馆的书全部归还。
另外，宾语较长时，通常放在副词之后。
She tore up all the letters he had sent her.
她把他寄给她的信都撕碎了。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Tom kept talking so I kicked him under the table to shut him __．
②I don't want to make supper；shall we eat ___ tonight
③I can't make_____what he wants.
up
out
out
二、动词＋介词
此类短语动词是及物动词短语，所带的宾语无论是代词还是名词，一律要放在介词之后。
I didn't really take to him.
我过去对他不是很有好感。
I didn't really take to her husband.
我过去对她的丈夫不是很有好感。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①I ran ____ him on the street yesterday.
②The great majority of people seem to agree ______this view.
③The company I work for went _________a rough time.
into
with
through
三、动词＋副词＋介词
此类短语动词是及物动词短语，作宾语的代词或名词都位于介词之后。
Go on ahead! I'll catch up with you.
你先走！我随后赶上你。
You should not look down on people who haven't been to college.
你不应该瞧不起没上过大学的人。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①When my parents were away，my grandmother would take care __ me.
②The old man often looks ____ on his childhood.
③After all the delays，we were anxious to make up_______lost time.
of
back
for
短文语境填空
The day began with a bang as I took 1．___a new project at work.It was a daunting task，but I was determined to look 2．_____every detail and make it a success.As I went 3．_________the initial stages，I came 4．________several obstacles，but I persevered and eventually came up 5．______a plan to overcome them.
up
into
through
across
with
Unfortunately，my plan was interrupted when my car turned 6．___with a flat tire. Frustrated，I put 7．_____the project temporarily and focused on getting the car fixed.It was a stressful situation，but I held 8．____and managed to get it sorted out.
Later，I called at a friend's house to discuss the project.We brainstormed and brought up new ideas that could help us move forward.Despite the earlier setbacks，our corporation broke 9．_____the remaining barriers.
up
off
on
down
By the end of the day，I had not only got 10．______the initial challenges but also made significant progress on the project.It was a day filled with ups and downs，but I emerged stronger and more determined than ever.
over
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Try to avoid foods which _______(包含) a lot of fat.
2．That city is _______(位于) in the central part of China.
3．Obesity is a major risk ______ (因素) for heart disease.
4．Try to ________(估计) how many steps it will take to get to a close object.
5．I grew bored and ________(实际上) fell asleep for a few minutes.
课时分层作业(八)
contain
located
factor
estimate
actually
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．The operation，which spanned nine countries，_________ 200 arrests.
2．_____________ last year，his income of this year is small.
3．My breakfast __________bread，jam and milk.
4．They'll respect you _________ you behave honestly.
5．She ______________ a new idea for increasing sales at the meeting yesterday.
consist of；as long as；as opposed to；result in；come up with
resulted in
As opposed to
consists of
as long as
came up with
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Healthy Habits，Healthy Body
Feel tired lately Has a doctor said he can't find anything wrong with you Perhaps he sent you to a hospital，but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.
Then，consider this: you might be in a state of subhealth(亚健康).
Subhealth，also called the third state or gray state，is explained as a borderline state between health and disease.
According to the investigation by the National Health Organization，over 45 percent of subhealthy people are middle-aged or elderly.The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam weeks.
Symptoms(症状) include a lack of energy，depression (压抑)，slow reactions，insomnia (失眠)，agitation，and poor memory.Other symptoms include shortness of breath，sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth，according to some medical experts，is to form good living habits，alternate work and rest，exercise regularly，and take part in open-air activities.
As for meals，people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.They should also eat more fresh vegetables，fruit and fish because they are rich in nutritional elements—vitamins and trace elements that are important to the body.
Nutrition(营养) experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化系统).They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding subhealth.
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了亚健康的症状、原因及治疗的对策。
1．According to this passage，which of the following is RIGHT
A．When you are in a state of subhealth，you should stay home and keep silent.
B．When you are in a state of subhealth，you should go to see a doctor and buy some medicine.
C．When you are in a state of subhealth，you should have yourself examined in foreign countries.
D．When you are in a state of subhealth，you should find out the reasons and relax yourself.
√
D [细节理解题。根据全文及第五段“Symptoms include a lack of energy，depression，slow reactions，insomnia，agitation，and poor memory.Other symptoms include shortness of breath，sweating and aching in the waist and legs.”以及第六段“The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth，according to some medical experts，is to form good living habits，alternate work and rest，exercise regularly，and take part in open-air activities.”可知，当你处于亚健康状态时应该找到症状出现的原因、养成良好的生活习惯，故答案为D。]
2．It may be easy for middle-aged people to be in a state of subhealth because ________.
A．they have used up their energy
B．they have lost their living hopes
C．they have more pressure in life and work
D．they begin to get older
√
C [推理判断题。根据第四段“According to the investigation by the National Health Organization，over 45 percent of subhealthy people are middle-aged or elderly.The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam weeks.”可推知，中年人易处于亚健康状态是因为来自生活和工作的压力更大，故答案为C。]
3．The key to preventing you from falling into a state of subhealth is that you should ________．
A．work hard
B．sleep more
C．form good living habits
D．take more medicine
√
C [细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth，according to some medical experts，is to form good living habits”可知，一些医学专家认为，预防亚健康的关键是养成良好的生活习惯。故答案为C。]
4．As for food，experts suggest that ________．
A．we should never eat meat
B．we should have a variety of food
C．we should eat less than usual
D．we should have meals without salt and sugar
√
B [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As for meals，people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.They should also eat more fresh vegetables，fruit and fish because they are rich in nutritional elements—vitamins and trace elements that are important to the body.”可知，专家建议要吃不同种类的食物。故答案为B。]
Ⅳ.完形填空
This is the dream of my running partner: Eduardo.He's a marathon runner with an eye problem who needs 1 to train and to compete.
Eduardo has been running longer than me，and has more desire than any person I know. 2 ， he didn't like training for a marathon. He ran with 3 ， without a clear goal，got bored with training and didn't train with many people.
Now it has 4 — he has an 18-week training plan where he runs six days a week，and he has realized he 5 running more because he has a 6 — to make a little progress every day.He runs with me，one who loves running so much and with the training group at La Tapia de Madrid.The 7 we share for running is what 8 us.
Eduardo and I run together by a rope—I have to 9 turns，different terrain (地形) and barriers.It's 10 ， but I have never 11 . this in the presence of others.The main thing we 12 is to run confidently and enjoy running as a whole.
Now，Eduardo goes running with different people，but with a fixed goal of rhythm (节奏) and 13 .He has taken five weeks of training，but he says he will keep on doing it，because he has understood 14 can be the way to improve his fitness.
Eduardo wants to run sub-3：30 in the Madrid Marathon，and he will do it. 15 ，it's not written in stone，but I'm confident that he's going to succeed.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Eduardo参加马拉松的故事。
1．A．communication B．methods
C．operations D．help
√
D [根据前文的“He's a marathon runner with an eye problem”和后文“to train and to compete”可知，他有视力问题，故需要帮助来训练和比赛。故选D项。]
2．A．Instead B．However
C．Still D．Moreover
√
B [根据前文的“Eduardo has been running longer than me，and has more desire than any person I know.”和后文“he didn't like training for a marathon”可知，设空处前后的句子为转折关系。故选B项。]
3．A．pride B．challenges
C．excuses D．anxiety
√
D [根据前文的“he didn't like training for a marathon”和后文“without a clear goal，got bored with training and didn't train with many people”可知，他不喜欢马拉松训练，没有明确的目标，因此他带着焦虑跑步。故选D项。]
4．A．changed B．continued
C．returned D．appeared
√
A [根据前文的“without a clear goal”和后文“he has an 18-week training plan where he runs six days a week”可知，由没有目标地跑步，到现在的具体目标，这是变化。故选A项。]
5．A．misses B．enjoys
C．avoids D．regrets
√
B [根据后文“running more because he has a ______ — to make a little progress every day”可知，他有具体目标，变得更喜欢跑步了。故选B项。]
6．A．goal B．fear
C．hobby D．contest
√
A [根据后文的“to make a little progress every day”可知，他有了一个跑步的目标。故选A项。]
7．A．honour B．experience
C．opportunity D．Passion
D [根据前文的“He runs with me，one who loves running so much and with the training group at La Tapia de Madrid.”可知，二人对跑步有激情。故选D项。]
√
8．A．links B．represents
C．judges D．reminds
√
A [根据前文的“The ______ we share for running”可知，跑步的共同热情将“我们”联系在一起。故选A项。]
9．A．ignore B．control
C．announce D．Set
B [根据后文“turns”可知，跑步时控制转弯。故选B项。]
√
10．A．informal B．exciting
C．stressful D．unworthy
√
C [根据前文的“Eduardo and I run together by a rope—I have to ______ turns，different terrain and barriers.”可知，这样跑步是有压力的。故选C项。]
11．A．doubted B．repeated
C．admitted D．Believed
C [根据前文的“have never”和空后的“this in the presence of others”可知，“我”从未在别人面前承认过有压力这一点。故选C项。]
√
12．A．turn down B．focus on
C．show off D．look into
√
B [根据后文的“run confidently and enjoy running as a whole”可知，从整体上享受跑步是我们关注的主要事情。故选B项。]
13．A．budget B．consumption
C．injury D．Distance
D [根据前文的“with a fixed goal of”可知，Eduardo跑步有一个距离目标。故选D项。]
√
14．A．friendship B．flexibility
C．consistency D．honesty
√
C [根据前文的“He has taken five weeks of training，but he says he will keep on doing it”和后文“can be the way to improve his fitness”可知，想提高体能需要连贯和坚持。故选C项。]
15．A．Generally B．Obviously
C．Strangely D．Fortunately
B [根据后文的“it's not written in stone”可知，显然这不是板上钉钉的事。故选B项。]
√
Ⅴ.语法填空
Children are naturally curious beings，but getting them 1．______
(learn) something that they aren't interested in can be a difficult task. Teachers and parents often find themselves 2．_______ (turn) to rewards in the form of stars，promises of high grades and wonderful 3．_______ (career)，or threats of punishment.But what if rewards and threats aren't the answer
to learn
turning
careers
Natural curiosity is 4．________ (normal) referred to as “intrinsic (内在的) motivation”sometimes.Lately studies 5．__________ (find) that children who see learning 6．____ fun and important are better at it.
And it's easy to understand why—7．___ is difficult to study something we aren't engaged with，and if we're enthusiastic about the information we're learning，it feels more meaningful.
normally
have found
as
it
Extrinsic (外在的) motivation is really 8．__________ (benefit). Praise and stimulation based on either achieving good grades 9．___ fear of punishment has been acknowledged to motivate older students. However，it seems that at an early age，it doesn't have as much effect.
The key is to allow some degree of autonomy and 10．________ (free). If you want to teach a child to read，let them choose which book they use.Whether it's a graphic novel，TV guide or classic literature—the aim of stimulating their appetite for reading is met.
beneficial
or
freedom
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章认为儿童天生好奇，但是让他们学习不感兴趣的东西可能是一项艰巨的任务。我们应培养孩子的内在学习动机，让他们对正在学习的信息充满热情。
1．to learn [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作宾补，使用非谓语动词，get sb. to do为固定短语，含义为“让某人做……”，符合句意，所以空白处应填动词不定式的一般式，故填to learn。]
2．turning [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作宾补，使用非谓语动词，因与其主语themselves之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应使用动词-ing形式，故填turning。]
3．careers [考查名词复数。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作宾语，故应使用名词，又因空白处表示的是一个数目不确定的名词，故应使用名词的复数形式，故填careers。]
4．normally [考查副词。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作状语，使用副词，故填normally。]
5．have found [考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空白处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语“Lately”可知，句子表达的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词应用现在完成时，又因主语为复数，故填have found。]
6．as [考查介词。“see sth. as＋形容词”为固定短语，意为“认为某物……”，符合句意，故填as。]
7．it [考查代词。分析句子结构并根据下文“to study something we aren't engaged with”可知，空白处为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语，故填it。]
8．beneficial [考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空白处在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填beneficial。]
9．or [考查连词。根据上文“achieving good grades”以及“fear of punishment”可知，上下文之间为选择关系，应使用表示选择关系的连词or，故填or。]
10．freedom [考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空白处在句中作宾语，应使用名词，又因空白处表达的是抽象含义的名词，故应用名词原形，故填freedom。]
THANKS课时分层作业(八)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Try to avoid foods which _______(包含) a lot of fat.
2．That city is _______(位于) in the central part of China.
3．Obesity is a major risk ______ (因素) for heart disease.
4．Try to ________(估计) how many steps it will take to get to a close object.
5．I grew bored and ________(实际上) fell asleep for a few minutes.
Ⅱ.选词填空
consist of；as long as；as opposed to；result in；come up with
1．The operation，which spanned nine countries，____________ 200 arrests.
2．_______________ last year，his income of this year is small.
3．My breakfast ______________bread，jam and milk.
4．They'll respect you ____________ you behave honestly.
5．She ______________ a new idea for increasing sales at the meeting yesterday.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Healthy Habits，Healthy Body
Feel tired lately Has a doctor said he can't find anything wrong with you Perhaps he sent you to a hospital，but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.
Then，consider this: you might be in a state of subhealth(亚健康).
Subhealth，also called the third state or gray state，is explained as a borderline state between health and disease.
According to the investigation by the National Health Organization，over 45 percent of subhealthy people are middle-aged or elderly.The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam weeks.
Symptoms(症状) include a lack of energy，depression (压抑)，slow reactions，insomnia (失眠)，agitation，and poor memory.Other symptoms include shortness of breath，sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth，according to some medical experts，is to form good living habits，alternate work and rest，exercise regularly，and take part in open-air activities.
As for meals，people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.They should also eat more fresh vegetables，fruit and fish because they are rich in nutritional elements—vitamins and trace elements that are important to the body.
Nutrition(营养) experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化系统).They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding subhealth.
1．According to this passage，which of the following is RIGHT
A．When you are in a state of subhealth，you should stay home and keep silent.
B．When you are in a state of subhealth，you should go to see a doctor and buy some medicine.
C．When you are in a state of subhealth，you should have yourself examined in foreign countries.
D．When you are in a state of subhealth，you should find out the reasons and relax yourself.
2．It may be easy for middle-aged people to be in a state of subhealth because ________.
A．they have used up their energy
B．they have lost their living hopes
C．they have more pressure in life and work
D．they begin to get older
3．The key to preventing you from falling into a state of subhealth is that you should ________．
A．work hard
B．sleep more
C．form good living habits
D．take more medicine
4．As for food，experts suggest that ________．
A．we should never eat meat
B．we should have a variety of food
C．we should eat less than usual
D．we should have meals without salt and sugar
Ⅳ.完形填空
This is the dream of my running partner: Eduardo.He's a marathon runner with an eye problem who needs 1 to train and to compete.
Eduardo has been running longer than me，and has more desire than any person I know. 2 ， he didn't like training for a marathon.He ran with 3 ， without a clear goal，got bored with training and didn't train with many people.
Now it has 4 — he has an 18-week training plan where he runs six days a week，and he has realized he 5 running more because he has a 6 — to make a little progress every day.He runs with me，one who loves running so much and with the training group at La Tapia de Madrid.The 7 we share for running is what 8 us.
Eduardo and I run together by a rope—I have to 9 turns，different terrain (地形) and barriers.It's 10 ， but I have never 11 this in the presence of others.The main thing we 12 is to run confidently and enjoy running as a whole.
Now，Eduardo goes running with different people，but with a fixed goal of rhythm (节奏) and 13 .He has taken five weeks of training，but he says he will keep on doing it，because he has understood 14 can be the way to improve his fitness.
Eduardo wants to run sub-3：30 in the Madrid Marathon，and he will do it. 15 ，it's not written in stone，but I'm confident that he's going to succeed.
1．A.communication B．methods
C．operations D．help
2．A.Instead B．However
C．Still D．Moreover
3．A.pride B．challenges
C．excuses D．anxiety
4．A.changed B．continued
C．returned D．appeared
5．A.misses B．enjoys
C．avoids D．regrets
6．A.goal B．fear
C．hobby D．contest
7．A.honour B．experience
C．opportunity D．passion
8．A.links B．represents
C．judges D．reminds
9．A.ignore B．control
C．announce D．set
10．A.informal B．exciting
C．stressful D．unworthy
11．A.doubted B．repeated
C．admitted D．believed
12．A.turn down B．focus on
C．show off D．look into
13．A.budget B．consumption
C．injury D．distance
14．A.friendship B．flexibility
C．consistency D．honesty
15．A.Generally B．Obviously
C．Strangely D．Fortunately
Ⅴ.语法填空
Children are naturally curious beings，but getting them 1．________(learn) something that they aren't interested in can be a difficult task.Teachers and parents often find themselves 2．________ (turn) to rewards in the form of stars，promises of high grades and wonderful 3．________ (career)，or threats of punishment.But what if rewards and threats aren't the answer
Natural curiosity is 4．________ (normal) referred to as “intrinsic (内在的) motivation” sometimes.Lately studies 5．________ (find) that children who see learning 6．________ fun and important are better at it.And it's easy to understand why—7．________ is difficult to study something we aren't engaged with，and if we're enthusiastic about the information we're learning，it feels more meaningful.
Extrinsic (外在的) motivation is really 8．________ (benefit).Praise and stimulation based on either achieving good grades 9．________ fear of punishment has been acknowledged to motivate older students.However，it seems that at an early age，it doesn't have as much effect.
The key is to allow some degree of autonomy and 10．________ (free).If you want to teach a child to read，let them choose which book they use.Whether it's a graphic novel，TV guide or classic literature—the aim of stimulating their appetite for reading is met.
课时分层作业(八)
Ⅰ.1．contain 2．located 3．factor 4．estimate 5．actually
Ⅱ.1．resulted in 2．As opposed to 3．consists of
4．as long as 5．came up with
Ⅲ.
1 2 3 4
D C C B
Ⅳ.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
D B D A B A D A
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B C C B D C B
Ⅴ.1．to learn 2．turning 3．careers 4．normally
5．have found 6．as 7．it 8．beneficial 9．or 10．freedom
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】 文章介绍了亚健康的症状、原因及治疗的对策。
1．D [细节理解题。根据全文及第五段“Symptoms include a lack of energy，depression，slow reactions，insomnia，agitation，and poor memory.Other symptoms include shortness of breath，sweating and aching in the waist and legs.”以及第六段“The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth，according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits，alternate work and rest，exercise regularly，and take part in open-air activities.”可知，当你处于亚健康状态时应该找到症状出现的原因、养成良好的生活习惯，故答案为D。]
2．C [推理判断题。根据第四段“According to the investigation by the National Health Organization，over 45 percent of subhealthy people are middle-aged or elderly.The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam weeks.”可推知，中年人易处于亚健康状态是因为来自生活和工作的压力更大，故答案为C。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth，according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits”可知，一些医学专家认为，预防亚健康的关键是养成良好的生活习惯。故答案为C。]
4．B [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As for meals，people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruit and fish because they are rich in nutritional elements—vitamins and trace elements that are important to the body.”可知，专家建议要吃不同种类的食物。故答案为B。]
Ⅳ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Eduardo参加马拉松的故事。
1．D [根据前文的“He's a marathon runner with an eye problem”和后文“to train and to compete”可知，他有视力问题，故需要帮助来训练和比赛。故选D项。]
2．B [根据前文的“Eduardo has been running longer than me, and has more desire than any person I know.”和后文“he didn't like training for a marathon”可知，设空处前后的句子为转折关系。故选B项。]
3．D [根据前文的“he didn't like training for a marathon”和后文“without a clear goal, got bored with training and didn't train with many people”可知，他不喜欢马拉松训练，没有明确的目标，因此他带着焦虑跑步。故选D项。]
4．A [根据前文的“without a clear goal”和后文“he has an 18-week training plan where he runs six days a week”可知，由没有目标地跑步，到现在的具体目标，这是变化。故选A项。]
5．B [根据后文“running more because he has a — to make a little progress every day”可知，他有具体目标，变得更喜欢跑步了。故选B项。]
6．A [根据后文的“to make a little progress every day”可知，他有了一个跑步的目标。故选A项。]
7．D [根据前文的“He runs with me, one who loves running so much and with the training group at La Tapia de Madrid.”可知，二人对跑步有激情。故选D项。]
8．A [根据前文的“The we share for running”可知，跑步的共同热情将“我们”联系在一起。故选A项。]
9．B [根据后文“turns”可知，跑步时控制转弯。故选B项。]
10．C [根据前文的“Eduardo and I run together by a rope—I have to turns, different terrain and barriers.”可知，这样跑步是有压力的。故选C项。]
11．C [根据前文的“have never”和空后的“this in the presence of others”可知，“我”从未在别人面前承认过有压力这一点。故选C项。]
12．B [根据后文的“run confidently and enjoy running as a whole”可知，从整体上享受跑步是我们关注的主要事情。故选B项。]
13．D [根据前文的“with a fixed goal of”可知，Eduardo跑步有一个距离目标。故选D项。]
14．C [根据前文的“He has taken five weeks of training, but he says he will keep on doing it”和后文“can be the way to improve his fitness”可知，想提高体能需要连贯和坚持。故选C项。]
15．B [根据后文的“it's not written in stone”可知，显然这不是板上钉钉的事。故选B项。]
Ⅴ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章认为儿童天生好奇，但是让他们学习不感兴趣的东西可能是一项艰巨的任务。我们应培养孩子的内在学习动机，让他们对正在学习的信息充满热情。
1．to learn [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作宾补，使用非谓语动词，get sb. to do为固定短语，含义为“让某人做……”，符合句意，所以空白处应填动词不定式的一般式，故填to learn。]
2．turning [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作宾补，使用非谓语动词，因与其主语themselves之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应使用动词-ing形式，故填turning。]
3．careers [考查名词复数。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作宾语，故应使用名词，又因空白处表示的是一个数目不确定的名词，故应使用名词的复数形式，故填careers。]
4．normally [考查副词。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作状语，使用副词，故填normally。]
5．have found [考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空白处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语“Lately”可知，句子表达的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词应用现在完成时，又因主语为复数，故填have found。]
6．as [考查介词。“see sth. as＋形容词”为固定短语，意为“认为某物……”，符合句意，故填as。]
7．it [考查代词。分析句子结构并根据下文“to study something we aren't engaged with”可知，空白处为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语，故填it。]
8．beneficial [考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空白处在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填beneficial。]
9．or [考查连词。根据上文“achieving good grades”以及“fear of punishment”可知，上下文之间为选择关系，应使用表示选择关系的连词or，故填or。]
10．freedom [考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空白处在句中作宾语，应使用名词，又因空白处表达的是抽象含义的名词，故应用名词原形，故填freedom。]
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