Section Ⅱ LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
Period 1 单元词汇表
1．________ n．运气；巧合 2．________ vt．克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜 3．________ adj．宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的 4．________ vi．减少，降低 5．________ n．意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利 6．________ n．重力，引力 1．The system of paying cash ________ (bonus) is open to abuse． 2．By ________ (coincident)，I met the person we'd been discussing the next day． 3．She ________ (overcome) her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness． 4．If children were made to feel inferior to other children，their confidence ________ (decline)． 5．He described himself ________ (grand) as a landscape architect．
1．emerge vi．出现，浮现→________ n．出现，浮现 2．clue n．线索，情节vt．为……提供线索→________ adj．一无所知的，一窍不通的 3．evaluate vt．评估，评价→________ n．评估，评价 4．theory n．理论；学说→________ adj．理论的 1．What is the custom and usage in this ________(emerge) 2．I came into adult life ________ (clue) about a lot of things that most people take for granted． 3．The ________ (evaluate) of conduct involves some amount of generalization． 4．The first year provides students with a sound ________ (theory) basis for their later study．
1．________ 某人突然想起 2．________ 发生 3．________ 碰巧；巧合 4．________ 突然 5．________ 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……) 6．_________阻止……做某事 7．________ 而不是 8．________ 通向…… 9．________ 结果 10．________ 一种 1．Lack of time ________ me ________ writing to my parents last year． 2．It ________ me that this is a good list for home，too． 3．________，Bob Dole and Newt Gingrich were on the morning news programs． 4．He put his head in his hands and tried to remember his lines，but nothing ________． 5．________ there was a terrific bang and a flash of smoke． 6．________ what happened，he never lost the will to live．
由新知联想已知
1．emerge vi．出现，浮现 [联想] ①appear v．出现，亮相 ②arise v．出现 ③show v．显现，显出 2．overcome vt．克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜 [联想] ①win v．赢得，获胜 ②conquer v．征服，战胜 3．decline vi．减少，降低；婉言拒绝 [联想] ①deny v．[正式] 拒绝，不允许 ②refuse v．拒绝，回绝 ③reject v．拒绝 4．in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……) [联想] ①despite prep．尽管，虽然 ②although conj．尽管，虽然 ③as conj．尽管，虽然 ④though conj．虽然，尽管
第二篇课文
①influential scientists有影响力的科学家
②brilliant adj．很成功的；很好的；巧妙的；聪颖的；技艺高的；使人印象深的
③theoretical adj．理论的
④cosmology n．宇宙学
⑤overcome vt．克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜
⑥challenge n．挑战；质疑；质询；提出异议；艰巨任务；挑战书 v．对……怀疑(或质疑)；拒绝接受；向(某人)挑战
⑦ALS 肌萎缩侧索硬化症
⑧affect v．影响；使感染；侵袭；假装；使悲伤(或怜悯等)
⑨slow-progressing adj．慢性的
⑩the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge剑桥天文研究所
rather than而不是
as a result结果
speech-generating equipment语音生成设备
physical adj．身体的；物理学的；物质的；有形的
decline vi．减少，降低
cease v．停止；(使)终止；结束
the “Big Bang”宇宙大爆炸
a sort of一种
lead to通向……
A Brief History of Time：From the Big Bang to Black Holes 《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》
a simpler version一个更简单的版本
instead of而不是
one new explanation一个新的解释
look up朝上看
curious adj．好奇的
be curious about对……感到好奇
curiosity n．好奇，好奇心
in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
prevent．．．from doing sth．阻止……做某事
expectation n．预期；期望；希望；期待；指望；预料；盼望
bonus n．意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利
gravity n．重力，引力
STEPHEN HAWKING
On 14 March，2018，one of the world's most influential scientists①，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England，aged 76．Hawking was famous，not just for his brilliant② work in theoretical③ physics and cosmology④，but also for overcoming⑤ the challenges⑥ of ALS⑦ (a disease that affects⑧ muscle control)．
Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January，1942，in Oxford．He went to the University of Oxford to study physics in 1959．At the age of 21，when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge，physicians discovered he had a rare，slow-progressing⑨ form of ALS．He was only expected to live for a few years．
Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge⑩．In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse，but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach，which was easier for him[1]．In 1985，he had to have an operation．As a result ，he lost his speech．Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating equipment that allowed him to speak．However，as his illness became worse，he lost the use of his hands．
[1]but连接并列句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰but后的句子。
Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes．Hawking believed that the birth of the universe (the “Big Bang” ) created many small black holes．His theory was that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole[2]．This hole led to another universe，completely separate from our own．
[2]that引导表语从句。
Hawking also wrote books．His 1988 book，A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes ，sold one copy for every 750 people on Earth．However，many people could not really understand what he had written[3]．Therefore，Hawking decided to write a simpler version ，A Briefer History of Time (2005)．
[3]what引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语。
In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe．Instead of trying to find one big new explanation ，scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have[4]．
[4]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all the ideas。
At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics，Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people: “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet．．．be curious ．”
In spite of his disease，Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man．He said it had not prevented him from having a family，and being successful in his work．“My expectations were reduced to zero when I was 21．Everything since then has been a bonus ．” And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations[5]．
[5]省略which或that的定语从句，其先行词是help。
Fact File
WHAT IS A BLACK HOLE
A black hole is a place in space where gravity is very strong．Anything that falls into it never comes out．Nothing can escape from it，not even light．As a result，it is impossible to see a black hole．
EHT Collaboration
斯蒂芬·霍金
2018年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战而令人敬佩。
1942年1月8日斯蒂芬·霍金出生于牛津，1959年进入牛津大学学习物理学。21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症，预言他只能再活几年。
后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了份工作。职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就开始恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。1985年，他不得不动手术，结果丧失了说话能力。很快，医生为他开发了一种发声设备使他能够说话。但是，他的病情继续恶化，手也动不了了。
尽管身体状况不断下降，霍金几十年间从未停止自己的研究，他发展了一些有关黑洞的新思想。霍金认为宇宙诞生时(即宇宙大爆炸)形成了许多小黑洞，在黑洞的中心还有一种洞，这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。
霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》一书，地球上平均每750人便购买过一本。然而，许多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。因此，霍金决定写一个简化的版本，即《时间简史》(2005)。
在《宏伟设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。科学家们应该整合已有的全部思想，而不是试图找到一个全新的、轰动世界的说法。
在2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金对9亿电视观众说：“仰望星空，而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。”
尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说，这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有阻碍他在工作中取得成功。“21岁时，我的人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都是馈赠。”他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人的支持和许多人及机构的帮助。
Period 1
速记·重点词汇——牢记词形和词义
1．coincidence 2．overcome 3．grand 4．decline 5．bonus 6．gravity
运用·语境填空——测试一下基本功
1．bonuses 2．coincidence 3．overcame 4．declined 5．grandly
速记·派生词汇——牢记词形和词义
1．emergence 2．clueless 3．evaluation 4．theoretical
运用·语境填空——测试一下基本功
1．emergence 2．clueless 3．evaluation 4．theoretical
速记·重点短语——记牢搭配和意义
1．come into one's mind 2．occur to 3．by coincidence 4．all of a sudden 5．in spite of 6．prevent．．．from doing sth． 7．rather than 8．lead to 9．as a result 10．a sort of
运用·语境填空——测试一下基本功
1．prevented；from 2．occurs to 3．By coincidence 4．came into his mind 5．All of a sudden 6．In spite of
1/1(共30张PPT)
Period 1
Section Ⅱ LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
主题语境
人与社会 —— 科技发展与信息技术创新
1．___________ n．运气；巧合
2．_________ vt．克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜
3．_____ adj．宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的
4．_______ vi．减少，降低
5．_____ n．意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利
6．_______ n．重力，引力
课时练案 单元词汇表
coincidence
overcome
grand
decline
bonus
gravity
1．The system of paying cash _______ (bonus) is open to abuse．
2．By ___________ (coincident)，I met the person we'd been discussing the next day．
3．She _________ (overcome) her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness．
4．If children were made to feel inferior to other children，their confidence ________ (decline)．
5．He described himself _______ (grand) as a landscape architect．
bonuses
coincidence
overcame
declined
grandly
1．emerge vi．出现，浮现→__________ n．出现，浮现
2．clue n．线索，情节vt．为……提供线索→________ adj．一无所知的，一窍不通的
3．evaluate vt．评估，评价→__________ n．评估，评价
4．theory n．理论；学说→___________ adj．理论的
emergence
clueless
evaluation
theoretical
1．What is the custom and usage in this __________(emerge)
2．I came into adult life ________ (clue) about a lot of things that most people take for granted．
3．The __________ (evaluate) of conduct involves some amount of generalization．
4．The first year provides students with a sound ___________ (theory) basis for their later study．
emergence
clueless
evaluation
theoretical
1．__________________ 某人突然想起
2．_______ 发生
3．_____________ 碰巧；巧合
4．____________ 突然
5．_________ 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
come into one's mind
occur to
by coincidence
all of a sudden
in spite of
6．_____________________阻止……做某事
7．__________ 而不是
8．______ 通向……
9．_________ 结果
10．_______ 一种
prevent...from doing sth．
rather than
lead to
as a result
a sort of
1．Lack of time _________ me _____ writing to my parents last year．
2．It ________ me that this is a good list for home，too．
3．______________，Bob Dole and Newt Gingrich were on the morning news programs．
4．He put his head in his hands and tried to remember his lines，but nothing _________________．
5．_____________ there was a terrific bang and a flash of smoke．
6．__________ what happened，he never lost the will to live．
prevented
from
occurs to
By coincidence
came into his mind
All of a sudden
In spite of
1．emerge vi．出现，浮现
[联想] ①appear v．出现，亮相
②arise v．出现
③show v．显现，显出
2．overcome vt．克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜
[联想] ①win v．赢得，获胜
②conquer v．征服，战胜
词汇联想 由新知联想已知
3．decline vi．减少，降低；婉言拒绝
[联想] ①deny v．[正式] 拒绝，不允许
②refuse v．拒绝，回绝
③reject v．拒绝
4．in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
[联想] ①despite prep．尽管，虽然
②although conj．尽管，虽然
③as conj．尽管，虽然
④though conj．虽然，尽管
①influential scientists有影响力的科学家
②brilliant adj．很成功的；很好的；巧妙的；聪颖的；技艺高的；使人印象深的
③theoretical adj．理论的
④cosmology n．宇宙学
⑤overcome vt．克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜
课下预习 第一篇课文
⑥challenge n．挑战；质疑；质询；提出异议；艰巨任务；挑战书 v．对……怀疑(或质疑)；拒绝接受；向(某人)挑战
⑦ALS 肌萎缩侧索硬化症
⑧affect v．影响；使感染；侵袭；假装；使悲伤(或怜悯等)
⑨slow-progressing adj．慢性的
⑩the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge剑桥天文研究所
rather than而不是
as a result结果
speech-generating equipment语音生成设备
physical adj．身体的；物理学的；物质的；有形的
decline vi．减少，降低
cease v．停止；(使)终止；结束
the “Big Bang”宇宙大爆炸
a sort of一种
lead to通向……
A Brief History of Time：From the Big Bang to Black Holes 《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》
a simpler version一个更简单的版本
instead of而不是
one new explanation一个新的解释
look up朝上看
curious adj．好奇的
be curious about对……感到好奇
curiosity n．好奇，好奇心
in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
prevent...from doing sth．阻止……做某事
expectation n．预期；期望；希望；期待；指望；预料；盼望
bonus n．意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利
gravity n．重力，引力
STEPHEN HAWKING
On 14 March，2018，one of the world's most influential scientists①，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England，aged 76．Hawking was famous，not just for his brilliant② work in theoretical③ physics and cosmology④，but also for overcoming⑤ the challenges⑥ of ALS⑦ (a disease that affects⑧ muscle control)．
Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January，1942，in Oxford．He went to the University of Oxford to study physics in 1959．At the age of 21，when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge，physicians discovered he had a rare，slow-progressing⑨ form of ALS．He was only expected to live for a few years．
Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge⑩．In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse，but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach，which was easier for him[1]．In 1985，he had to have an operation．As a result ，he lost his speech．Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating equipment that allowed him to speak．However，as his illness became worse，he lost the use of his hands．
[1]but连接并列句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰but后的句子。
Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes．Hawking believed that the birth of the universe (the “Big Bang” ) created many small black holes．His theory was that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole[2]．This hole led to another universe，completely separate from our own．
[2]that引导表语从句。
Hawking also wrote books．His 1988 book，A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes ，sold one copy for every 750 people on Earth．However，many people could not really understand what he had written[3]．Therefore，Hawking decided to write a simpler version ，A Briefer History of Time (2005)．
[3]what引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语。
In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe．Instead of trying to find one big new explanation ，scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have[4]．
[4]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all the ideas。
At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics，Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people: “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet...be curious ．”
In spite of his disease，Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man．He said it had not prevented him from having a family，and being successful in his work．“My expectations were reduced to zero when I was 21．Everything since then has been a bonus ．” And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations[5]．
[5]省略which或that的定语从句，其先行词是help。
Fact File
WHAT IS A BLACK HOLE
A black hole is a place in space where gravity is very strong．Anything that falls into it never comes out．Nothing can escape from it，not even light．As a result，it is impossible to see a black hole．
EHT Collaboration
斯蒂芬·霍金
2018年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战而令人敬佩。
1942年1月8日斯蒂芬·霍金出生于牛津，1959年进入牛津大学学习物理学。21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症，预言他只能再活几年。
后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了份工作。职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就开始恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。1985年，他不得不动手术，结果丧失了说话能力。很快，医生为他开发了一种发声设备使他能够说话。但是，他的病情继续恶化，手也动不了了。
尽管身体状况不断下降，霍金几十年间从未停止自己的研究，他发展了一些有关黑洞的新思想。霍金认为宇宙诞生时(即宇宙大爆炸)形成了许多小黑洞，在黑洞的中心还有一种洞，这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。
霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》一书，地球上平均每750人便购买过一本。然而，许多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。因此，霍金决定写一个简化的版本，即《时间简史》(2005)。
在《宏伟设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。科学家们应该整合已有的全部思想，而不是试图找到一个全新的、轰动世界的说法。
在2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金对9亿电视观众说：“仰望星空，而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。”
尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说，这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有阻碍他在工作中取得成功。“21岁时，我的人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都是馈赠。”他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人的支持和许多人及机构的帮助。
事实档案
什么是黑洞？
黑洞是宇宙空间中引力极其强大的地方。落入黑洞的任何物质都不可能再出来。任何东西，包括光，都无法从黑洞中逃脱。因此，黑洞是无法直接观测到的。
“事件视界望远镜”团队
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