Period 4 单元语法讲练
介词短语
介词短语的作用相当于一个介词，其后可接名词、宾格代词、动词-ing 形式等。
常用的介词短语：
1．介词＋名词
at＋n． at ease放松，不拘束 at first首先 at peace和平 at present现在 at random随意 at risk有危险，冒风险
by＋n． by accident/chance偶然 by design故意 by hand手工 by heart凭记忆，背诵 by mistake错误地
in＋n． in advance提前 in brief简言之 in cash用现金 in common共同 in danger处于危险中 in debt负债 in detail详细地 in doubt不肯定，没把握 in fact事实上 in order正常，妥当 in person 亲自 in public当众 in trouble处于困境中 in turn轮流，转而
on＋n． on average平均 on business出差 on occasion偶尔 on duty值班 on guard值班，警戒 on purpose故意 on sale出售 on show/display展览 on strike在罢工
out of＋n． out of breath气喘吁吁 out of condition身体状况不佳 out of control不受控制 out of debt不欠债 out of fashion不流行 out of order出故障 out of sight看不到 out of work失业
under＋n． under attack被攻击 under consideration在考虑 under control处于控制之下 under discussion在讨论 under repair在维修
with＋n． with difficulty很难做 with ease轻松地，毫不费劲地 with pleasure非常愿意 with satisfaction满意地
in＋n．＋of in fear of害怕 in charge of负责 in honour/memory of纪念 in need/want of需要 in place of代替 in possession of拥有 in search of寻找 in case of万一 in terms of就……而言 in respect of关于 in spite of尽管 in praise of赞扬
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Some of the players may，________ occasion，break the rules and be penalized．
②He passed the exam ________ ease．
2．名词＋介词
n．＋for an excuse for ……的理由 the need for对……的需要 the reason for ……的原因 the request for ……的要求 the respect for对……的尊重 the talent for ……的天赋
n．＋from absence from缺席 an escape from从……逃离
n．＋in the interest in对……的兴趣 progress in在……方面的进步 success in在……方面的成功
n．＋on the attack on对……的攻击 congratulations on对……的祝贺 the dependence on对……的依赖 an effect on对……的影响 an impression on对……的印象 an influence on对……的影响 concentration on对……的关注
n．＋to the access to接触……的机会 the answer to ……的答案 the approach to ……的方法 the attitude to对……的态度 the home to ……的家园 the key to ……的关键 the solution to ……的解决办法
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①Congratulations ________ the success of your experiment!
②All this helps children to develop an inquiring attitude ________ learning．
3．动词＋介词
v．＋about complain about抱怨 learn about了解 set about着手做 talk about谈论 think about考虑 worry about担心
v．＋after chase/run after追赶 look after照顾 take after(长相、举止或性格)像
v．＋at aim at瞄准 glance at 瞥 knock at敲 laugh at嘲笑 shout at 冲……嚷 stare at盯着
v．＋for account for (数量上)占 apply for 申请 ask for询问 long for渴望 look for寻找 pay for付钱 seek for 寻找 search for搜寻 stand for代表
v．＋from differ from与……不同 hear from收到……的来信 keep/prevent/stop from阻止 learn from向……学习 separate from分离 suffer from遭受
v．＋in believe in相信 fill in填写 give in屈服 hand in上交 participate in参加 result in导致
v．＋of consist of由……组成 speak of谈到
v．＋on call on 呼吁 carry on继续 depend/rely on依赖 feed on以……为食 insist on坚持 reflect on认真思考
v．＋to admit to承认 apologize to 向……道歉 belong to 属于 compare to 与……相比 devote to致力于 lead to导致 refer to指；谈到 stick to坚持 turn to求助于
v．＋with agree with同意 argue with与……争吵 communicate with与……交流 compare with与……相比 deal with处理 share with 与……分享
v．＋adv． ＋prep． catch up with追赶上 come up with想出 date/go back to追溯到 get away from远离 get down to着手处理 look down on/upon瞧不起 make up for弥补 put up with忍受 run out of用完，耗尽
v．＋n． ＋prep． catch sight of看见 make fun of取笑 pay attention to注意 take care of照顾 take part in参加
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①Things in the world differ ________ each other in a thousand ways．
②Select something around you that you share ________ the other person．
4．形容词＋介词
adj．＋about be curious about对……好奇 be enthusiastic about对……充满热情 be serious about对……严肃对待 be worried about对……担忧
adj．＋at be amazed/astonished/shocked at对……感到吃惊 be bad/good at不擅长/擅长
adj．＋from be different from与……不同 be free from不受……影响 be safe from免于
adj．＋for be bad for对……有害 be convenient for对……方便 be eager for渴望 be fit for适合 be hungry for渴望 be ready for为……做好准备 be responsible for对……负责 be thankful for因……而感激
adj．＋in be weak in不擅长 be rich in富含 be dressed in 穿着 be absorbed in专心于 be experienced in对……有经验
adj．＋of be ashamed of羞耻 be aware of意识到 be proud of骄傲 be short of缺乏 be sick of厌烦 be tired of厌倦 be worthy of值得 be free of不受……影响
adj．＋on be dependent on取决于 be keen on喜欢，热衷于
adj．＋to be addicted to对……上瘾 be accustomed to习惯于 be contrary to与……相反 be equal to等于 be harmful to 对……有害 be similar to与……相似
adj．＋with be content with 对……满足 be crowded with挤满 be familiar with对……熟悉 be popular with受……欢迎 be patient with对……有耐心
[即时训练4] 单句语法填空
①When I got lost，I had to ask passers-by for help，but people here speak fast and use words I'm not familiar ________．
②The biggest problem is that the children are all hungry ________ the love from their parents．
短文语境填空
The city was crowded 1．________ tall buildings and bustling crowds，making life in the urban jungle both exciting and challenging．The pollution，however，was harmful 2．________ residents' health，causing many to become curious 3．________ alternative living arrangements．Creative minds came up 4．________ innovative solutions，referring 5．________ sustainable practices that could result in a better quality of life．
Many young professionals applied 6．________ jobs in eco-friendly companies，eager to set 7．________ making a difference．Their positive attitude 8．________ environmental preservation was in common with a growing segment of the population．Despite the absence 9．________ nature in the city，they found ways to connect with it，discussing sustainable practices 10．________ work and in their communities．
Period 4
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①on ②with
[即时训练2]
①on ②to
[即时训练3]
①from ②with
[即时训练4]
①with ②for
巩固落实
1．with 2．to 3．about 4．with 5．to 6．for
7．about 8．to 9．from 10．at
5/5(共62张PPT)
Period ４
Section Ⅱ LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
主题语境
人与社会 —— 科技发展与信息技术创新
课时学案 单元语法讲练
介词短语
介词短语的作用相当于一个介词，其后可接名词、宾格代词、动词-ing 形式等。
常用的介词短语：
1．介词＋名词
at＋n． at ease放松，不拘束 at first首先 at peace和平 at present现在 at random随意 at risk有危险，冒风险
by＋n． by accident/chance偶然 by design故意 by hand手工 by heart凭记忆，背诵 by mistake错误地
in＋n． in advance提前 in brief简言之 in cash用现金 in common共同 in danger处于危险中 in debt负债 in detail详细地 in doubt不肯定，没把握 in fact事实上 in order正常，妥当 in person 亲自 in public当众 in trouble处于困境中 in turn轮流，转而
on＋n． on average平均 on business出差 on occasion偶尔 on duty值班 on guard值班，警戒 on purpose故意 on sale出售 on show/display展览 on strike在罢工
out of＋n． out of breath气喘吁吁 out of condition身体状况不佳 out of control不受控制 out of debt不欠债 out of fashion不流行 out of order出故障 out of sight看不到 out of work失业
under＋n． under attack被攻击 under consideration在考虑 under control处于控制之下 under discussion在讨论 under repair在维修
with＋n． with difficulty很难做 with ease轻松地，毫不费劲地 with pleasure非常愿意 with satisfaction满意地
in＋n． ＋of in fear of害怕 in charge of负责 in honour/memory of纪念 in need/want of需要 in place of代替 in possession of拥有 in search of寻找 in case of万一 in terms of就……而言 in respect of关于 in spite of尽管 in praise of赞扬
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Some of the players may，__ occasion，break the rules and be penalized．
②He passed the exam _____ ease．
on
with
2．名词＋介词
n．＋for an excuse for ……的理由 the need for对……的需要 the reason for ……的原因 the request for ……的要求 the respect for对……的尊重 the talent for ……的天赋
n．＋from absence from缺席 an escape from从……逃离
n．＋in the interest in对……的兴趣
progress in在……方面的进步
success in在……方面的成功
n．＋on the attack on对……的攻击
congratulations on对……的祝贺
the dependence on对……的依赖
an effect on对……的影响
an impression on对……的印象
an influence on对……的影响
concentration on对……的关注
n．＋to the access to接触……的机会
the answer to ……的答案
the approach to ……的方法
the attitude to对……的态度
the home to ……的家园
the key to ……的关键
the solution to ……的解决办法
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①Congratulations __ the success of your experiment!
②All this helps children to develop an inquiring attitude __ learning．
on
to
3．动词＋介词
v．＋about complain about抱怨 learn about了解 set about着手做 talk about谈论 think about考虑 worry about担心
v．＋after chase/run after追赶 look after照顾 take after(长相、举止或性格)像
v．＋at aim at瞄准 glance at 瞥 knock at敲 laugh at嘲笑 shout at 冲……嚷 stare at盯着
v．＋for account for (数量上)占 apply for 申请 ask for询问 long for渴望
look for寻找 pay for付钱 seek for 寻找 search for搜寻 stand for代表
v．＋from differ from与……不同 hear from收到……的来信 keep/prevent/stop from阻止 learn from向……学习 separate from分离 suffer from遭受
v．＋in believe in相信 fill in填写 give in屈服 hand in上交 participate in参加 result in导致
v．＋of consist of由……组成 speak of谈到
v．＋on call on 呼吁 carry on继续 depend/rely on依赖 feed on以……为食 insist on坚持 reflect on认真思考
v．＋to admit to承认 apologize to 向……道歉 belong to 属于 compare to 与……相比 devote to致力于 lead to导致 refer to指；谈到 stick to坚持 turn to求助于
v．＋with agree with同意 argue with与……争吵 communicate with与……交流 compare with与……相比 deal with处理 share with 与……分享
v．＋adv． ＋prep． catch up with追赶上 come up with想出 date/go back to追溯到 get away from远离 get down to着手处理 look down on/upon瞧不起 make up for弥补 put up with忍受 run out of用完，耗尽
v．＋n． ＋prep． catch sight of看见 make fun of取笑 pay attention to注意 take care of照顾 take part in参加
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①Things in the world differ _____ each other in a thousand ways．
②Select something around you that you share _____ the other person．
from
with
4．形容词＋介词
adj．＋about be curious about对……好奇
be enthusiastic about对……充满热情
be serious about对……严肃对待 be worried about对……担忧
adj．＋at be amazed/astonished/shocked at对……感到吃惊 be bad/good at不擅长/擅长
adj．＋from be different from与……不同 be free from不受……影响 be safe from免于
adj．＋for be bad for对……有害
be convenient for对……方便
be eager for渴望 be fit for适合
be hungry for渴望
be ready for为……做好准备
be responsible for对……负责
be thankful for因……而感激
adj．＋in be weak in不擅长 be rich in富含 be dressed in 穿着 be absorbed in专心于 be experienced in对……有经验
adj．＋of be ashamed of羞耻 be aware of意识到 be proud of骄傲 be short of缺乏 be sick of厌烦 be tired of厌倦 be worthy of值得 be free of不受……影响
adj．＋on be dependent on取决于 be keen on喜欢，热衷于
adj．＋to be addicted to对……上瘾 be accustomed to习惯于 be contrary to与……相反 be equal to等于 be harmful to 对……有害 be similar to与……相似
adj．＋with be content with 对……满足
be crowded with挤满
be familiar with对……熟悉
be popular with受……欢迎
be patient with对……有耐心
[即时训练4] 单句语法填空
①When I got lost，I had to ask passers-by for help，but people here speak fast and use words I'm not familiar _____．
②The biggest problem is that the children are all hungry ___ the love from their parents．
with
for
短文语境填空
The city was crowded 1．_____ tall buildings and bustling crowds，making life in the urban jungle both exciting and challenging．The pollution，however，was harmful 2．__ residents' health，causing many to become curious 3．_____ alternative living arrangements．Creative minds came up 4．_____ innovative solutions，referring 5．__ sustainable practices that could result in a better quality of life．
with
to
about
with
to
Many young professionals applied 6．___ jobs in eco-friendly companies，eager to set 7．_____ making a difference．Their positive attitude 8．__ environmental preservation was in common with a growing segment of the population．Despite the absence 9．_____ nature in the city，they found ways to connect with it，discussing sustainable practices 10．__ work and in their communities．
for
about
to
from
at
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．People depend on _______(重力) to stay on the earth and maintain balance of the body．
2．The number of the students in our school has ________ (下降) to 2，000 up to now．
3．Next to this restaurant stand many buildings and a _____(宏伟的) hotel which is beautifully decorated．
课时分层作业(八)
gravity
declined
grand
4．They can _________ (克服) difficulties by themselves only if they develop the habit．
5．Richard was waiting outside the door as she ________(出现)．
overcome
emerged
Ⅱ．选词填空
rather than; in spite of; all of a sudden; occur to; by coincidence
1．He was writing his essay when， ______________，he was seized with giddiness．
2．We admire him for his continuance of work _________ illness．
3．______________，this market is offering similar goods．
4．It didn't _______ me that there could be households in this remote mountain．
5．By rights the property should have gone to him __________ to his sister．
all of a sudden
in spite of
By coincidence
occur to
rather than
Ⅲ．阅读理解
Going from being called a “stupid molecule(分子)”to “the secret of life”，our discovery and understanding of DNA has come a long way．This year marks the 70th anniversary of the discovery of the structure of DNA—the pivotal(关键的) year when the so-called “secret of life” was uncovered by two scientists: James Watson from the US and Francis Crick from the UK．
Inherited characteristics like eye color，nose shape and even intelligence—scientists found the structure of the chemical which transmits these from one generation to another．“Discovering how these ‘chemical’ cards are shuffled(洗牌) and paired will keep the scientists busy for the next 50 years，” journalist Ritchie Calder commented in 1953 on the discovery．And it certainly has．The study of DNA has led to world-changing advances in many fields．
“DNA makes time fluid(流动的)，” said The Irish Times．It lets us redefine the future．For example，in medicine，DNA helps us identify “weak points” in the human genome(基因组) that might be prone to disease．Through a technique called gene therapy，a person's genes can be modified to treat or cure certain diseases．Another example is agriculture，where work on plant DNA has allowed us to change the way we breed(培育) crops，opening the door for genetically modified plants and advances in food security．
DNA can also shed light on the past．In forensic(法医的) science，DNA analysis has come to serve as a vital form of evidence in crime scenes，with “many millions having been proven guilty or innocent” through its usage，said the website AZoLife Sciences．And DNA in specimens(标本) like fossils and artifacts(文物) can give us vital information on humans and other species．
But what's next for DNA research Improvements in technology are allowing us to utilize DNA in new ways．As the cost of DNA technologies decreases and related machines become more efficient，it becomes more accessible，reported Wired magazine．In medicine，DNA plays a key role in furthering the development of “personalized medicine”—designing treatment plans based on the genomes and other specific factors of individual patients．As “natural supercomputers”，DNA can store large amounts of data．So scientists are busy learning from DNA to make our computers store more data and work even faster．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了DNA这一重大发现的重要性及其应用。
1．Why does the author quote Ritchie Calder's remark in paragraph 2
A．To help better understand DNA．
B．To highlight scientists' efforts．
C．To stress the discovery's impact．
D．To stress the importance of DNA technology．
√
C [推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“And it certainly has．The study of DNA has led to world-changing advances in many fields．”可知，引用Ritchie Calder的评论是为了强调DNA的发现对科学的影响和重要性，故选C项。]
2．What are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about
A．The diverse applications of DNA．
B．The mysterious aspects of DNA．
C．Challenges of DNA research．
D．Ways to expand DNA research．
√
A [段落大意题。根据文章第三段中的“Through a technique called gene therapy，a person's genes can be modified to treat or cure certain diseases．Another example is agriculture，where work on plant DNA has allowed us to change the way we breed crops，opening the door for genetically modified plants and advances in food security．”和第四段中的“DNA can also shed light on the past．In forensic science，DNA analysis has come to serve as a vital form of evidence in crime scenes”可知，这两段主要讨论了DNA在医学、农业和法医科学等领域的多种应用，故选A项。]
3．What does the underlined word “utilize” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Protect． B．Use．
C．Correct． D．Prevent．
√
B [词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文“In medicine，DNA plays a key role in furthering the development of ‘personalized medicine’—designing treatment plans based on the genomes and other specific factors of individual patients．As ‘natural supercomputers’，DNA can store large amounts of data．So scientists are busy learning from DNA to make our computers store more data and work even faster．”可知，我们可以将DNA用于个性化医学和计算机方面，故第五段中画线单词utilize的意思是“使用”。故选B项。]
4．What could DNA research help with in the future，according to the text
A．The replacement of medicines．
B．The reduction of medical costs．
C．The advancement of self-diagnosis．
D．The improvement of computer performance．
√
D [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“As ‘natural supercomputers’，DNA can store large amounts of data．So scientists are busy learning from DNA to make our computers store more data and work even faster．”可知，科学家正致力于研究如何利用DNA来使计算机存储更多数据并提升其运行速度，因而，DNA研究在未来有助于计算机的改进。故选D项。]
Ⅳ．完形填空
Have you ever felt nervous while doing something for the very first time If you got dropped off in a new environment with a bunch of strangers，what would you do It can be extremely difficult，and even frightening at times，to try something ．
Recently，a popular Chinese vlogger posted videos teaching people how to take the metro and bus in cities．The first reaction of many netizens was 2 ．After all，who doesn't know how to use public transportation But soon，many others thanked the creator for her thoughtful and 3 videos because she showed people a simple-to-follow set of 4 on what to do．Many had 5 to realize lots of people in China don't live in large cities．What we may 6 as common knowledge may very well be 7 and confusing to others．Videos like these，which help people to 8 the life skills they may not have，may 9 them a lot of awkwardness．
I remember going to college in America for the first time．When younger，I had already learned many 10 skills，like cooking simple meals．The 11 was different with many of my roommates．They didn't have these skills I consider very basic．And I didn't know how to use the dishwasher 12 to almost every American．What my roommates and I did was help each other out by 13 our knowledge about how to do one thing or another．
It is not 14 for a farmer to learn how to ride the metro，just as it is unnecessary for a city person to learn how to raise chickens．But we can learn how to do both—thanks to the people willing to keep a(n) 15 mind about other people and give a helping hand as well．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者看到网上的一位网友通过录制视频的方式教大家如何乘坐公共交通工具的事件展开论述，作者认为对于一些人来说，虽然没有必要去学会生活中他们用不到的所有的技能，但是非常感谢那些愿意对他人保持开放心态并伸出援助之手的人。
1．A．special B．new
C．unusual D．complicated
√
B [根据前文“If you got dropped off in a new environment with a bunch of strangers”可知，如果你被送到一个陌生的环境和一群陌生人在一起的时候，你可能不敢尝试新的事物甚至会感觉到害怕。故选B。]
2．A．confusion B．relief
C．anxiety D．admiration
√
A [根据后文“After all，who doesn't know how to use public transportation？”可知，毕竟，谁不知道如何使用公共交通工具呢？所以告诉人们如何乘坐地铁的视频让网友们感觉到困惑。故选A。]
3．A．long-standing B．expensive
C．inspiring D．informative
D [根据后文“because she showed people a simple-to-follow set of__________ on what to do”可知，该视频为人们如何能够简单地乘坐公共交通工具提供了信息。故选D。]
√
4．A．introductions B．instructions
C．requirements D．inspections
B [根据后文“what to do”可知，该视频展示了一套简单易行的操作指南，即对如何乘坐公共交通工具进行说明。让人们知道该怎么做。故选B。]
√
5．A．continued B．seemed
C．failed D．come
C [根据后文“lots of people in China don't live in large cities”可知，许多人未能意识到中国有很多人不住在大城市。故选C。]
6．A．declare B．employ
C．feature D．perceive
D [根据后文“as common knowledge”可知，我们认为是常识的东西对于他人可能很陌生。故选D。]
√
√
7．A．professional B．fascinating
C．foreign D．striking
√
C [根据后文“confusing to others”可知，我们认为是常识的东西对其他人来说很可能是陌生的和令人困惑的。故选C。]
8．A．pick up B．put up
C．take up D．make up
A [根据后文的“the life skills”可知，帮助人们掌握生活技能。故选A。]
√
9．A．bring B．allow
C．cause D．save
√
D [根据后文“them a lot of awkwardness”可知，这些视频可能会让他们避免很多尴尬。故选D。]
10．A．management B．business
C．household D．nutrition
C [根据后文“like cooking simple meals”可知，作者学会了很多家务技巧如做饭。故选C。]
√
11．A．example B．case
C．occasion D．event
√
B [根据后文“They didn't have these skills I consider very basic．And I didn't know how to use the dishwasher________ to almost every American．”可知，作者和其他许多室友的情况是不一样的。故选B。]
12．A．common B．important
C．unique D．particular
√
A [根据前文“how to use the dishwasher”以及后文“almost every American”可知，作者不知道如何使用几乎每个美国人都会使用的洗碗机。故选A。]
13．A．applying B．acquiring
C．spreading D．sharing
√
D [根据前文“help each other out”可知，作者的室友和作者所做的就是通过分享知识来互相帮助。故选D。]
14．A．suitable B．beneficial
C．essential D．useful
C [根据后文“just as it is unnecessary for a city person to learn how to raise chickens”可知，农民学习如何乘坐地铁是没有必要的，就像城里人没有必要学习如何养鸡。故选C。]
√
15．A．open B．active
C．clear D．honest
A [根据后文“about other people and give a helping hand as well”可知，此处表示感谢那些愿意对他人保持开放心态并伸出援助之手的人。故选A。]
√
Ⅴ．语法填空
Hangzhou，the birthplace of Zhejiang cuisine，is famous for dishes like West Lake vinegar fish，beggar's chicken and Dongpo pork．1．______________(surprising)，in recent times，Hangzhou has been jokingly referred to as the “desert of China's delicious food”．
Surprisingly
Different 2．__________(opinion) about the taste of Hangzhou's cuisine can be seen on Chinese social media platforms．Some people argue that Hangzhou's dishes are known for 3．________(they) mild flavors，highlighting the delicate taste 4．_____ the food．They believe that Hangzhou's cuisine，though different from northern Chinese cuisines 5．____________ are characterized by strong flavors，6．_____(be) by no means less tasty．
opinions
their
of
which/that
is
In contrast，others claim that Hangzhou's dishes lack a special feature，7．_____________(describe) them as tasteless，with sharp criticism aimed at the city's most famous dish，West Lake vinegar fish，for its strange and 8．_____________(pleasant) taste．
describing
unpleasant
As debates continue，Hangzhou's reputation as a culinary(烹饪的) destination remains 9．_____ topic of discussion．Chinese cuisine is celebrated for its diversity，offering a wide range of flavors．It's of great importance 10．__________(accept) the varieties of regional tastes and enjoy the culinary richness of different places．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近杭州被戏称为“中国美食荒漠”，对此人们发表了各自的看法。
a
to accept
1．Surprisingly [考查副词。修饰后文句子应用副词surprisingly，首字母大写。故填Surprisingly。]
2．opinions [考查名词复数。根据上文different可知opinion应用复数形式。故填opinions。]
3．their [考查代词。修饰后文名词应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。]
4．of [考查介词。此处taste与food为所属关系，应用介词of。故填of。]
5．which/that [考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词northern Chinese cuisines，在从句中作主语，指物。故填which/that。]
6．is [考查时态和主谓一致。根据主句believe可知为一般现在时，从句主语为Hangzhou's cuisine，谓语用单数。故填is。]
7．describing [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知describe与逻辑主语others构成主动关系，故用动词-ing形式作状语。故填describing。]
8．unpleasant [考查形容词。根据上文“its strange and”可知，此处表示“令人不快的”应用形容词unpleasant，作定语。故填unpleasant。]
9．a [考查冠词。此处topic为泛指“一个讨论的话题”，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。]
10．to accept [考查非谓语动词。此处句型It's of great importance to do sth．表示“做某事非常重要”。故填to accept。]
THANKS课时分层作业(八)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．People depend on (重力) to stay on the earth and maintain balance of the body．
2．The number of the students in our school has (下降) to 2，000 up to now．
3．Next to this restaurant stand many buildings and a (宏伟的) hotel which is beautifully decorated．
4．They can (克服) difficulties by themselves only if they develop the habit．
5．Richard was waiting outside the door as she (出现)．
Ⅱ．选词填空
rather than; in spite of; all of a sudden; occur to; by coincidence
1．He was writing his essay when， ， he was seized with giddiness．
2．We admire him for his continuance of work illness．
3． ，this market is offering similar goods．
4．It didn't me that there could be households in this remote mountain．
5．By rights the property should have gone to him to his sister．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
Going from being called a “stupid molecule(分子)”to “the secret of life”，our discovery and understanding of DNA has come a long way．This year marks the 70th anniversary of the discovery of the structure of DNA—the pivotal(关键的) year when the so called “secret of life” was uncovered by two scientists: James Watson from the US and Francis Crick from the UK．
Inherited characteristics like eye color，nose shape and even intelligence—scientists found the structure of the chemical which transmits these from one generation to another．“Discovering how these ‘chemical’ cards are shuffled(洗牌) and paired will keep the scientists busy for the next 50 years，” journalist Ritchie Calder commented in 1953 on the discovery．And it certainly has．The study of DNA has led to world changing advances in many fields．
“DNA makes time fluid(流动的)，” said The Irish Times．It lets us redefine the future．For example，in medicine，DNA helps us identify “weak points” in the human genome(基因组) that might be prone to disease．Through a technique called gene therapy，a person's genes can be modified to treat or cure certain diseases．Another example is agriculture，where work on plant DNA has allowed us to change the way we breed(培育) crops，opening the door for genetically modified plants and advances in food security．
DNA can also shed light on the past．In forensic(法医的) science，DNA analysis has come to serve as a vital form of evidence in crime scenes，with “many millions having been proven guilty or innocent” through its usage，said the website AZoLife Sciences．And DNA in specimens(标本) like fossils and artifacts(文物) can give us vital information on humans and other species．
But what's next for DNA research Improvements in technology are allowing us to utilize DNA in new ways．As the cost of DNA technologies decreases and related machines become more efficient，it becomes more accessible，reported Wired magazine．In medicine，DNA plays a key role in furthering the development of “personalized medicine”—designing treatment plans based on the genomes and other specific factors of individual patients．As “natural supercomputers”，DNA can store large amounts of data．So scientists are busy learning from DNA to make our computers store more data and work even faster．
1．Why does the author quote Ritchie Calder's remark in paragraph 2
A．To help better understand DNA．
B．To highlight scientists' efforts．
C．To stress the discovery's impact．
D．To stress the importance of DNA technology．
2．What are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about
A．The diverse applications of DNA．
B．The mysterious aspects of DNA．
C．Challenges of DNA research．
D．Ways to expand DNA research．
3．What does the underlined word “utilize” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Protect． B．Use．
C．Correct． D．Prevent．
4．What could DNA research help with in the future，according to the text
A．The replacement of medicines．
B．The reduction of medical costs．
C．The advancement of self diagnosis．
D．The improvement of computer performance．
Ⅳ．完形填空
Have you ever felt nervous while doing something for the very first time If you got dropped off in a new environment with a bunch of strangers，what would you do It can be extremely difficult，and even frightening at times，to try something 1 ．
Recently，a popular Chinese vlogger posted videos teaching people how to take the metro and bus in cities．The first reaction of many netizens was 2 ．After all，who doesn't know how to use public transportation But soon，many others thanked the creator for her thoughtful and 3 videos because she showed people a simple to follow set of 4 on what to do．Many had 5 to realize lots of people in China don't live in large cities．What we may 6 as common knowledge may very well be 7 and confusing to others．Videos like these，which help people to 8 the life skills they may not have，may 9 them a lot of awkwardness．
I remember going to college in America for the first time．When younger，I had already learned many 10 skills，like cooking simple meals．The 11 was different with many of my roommates．They didn't have these skills I consider very basic．And I didn't know how to use the dishwasher 12 to almost every American．What my roommates and I did was help each other out by 13 our knowledge about how to do one thing or another．
It is not 14 for a farmer to learn how to ride the metro，just as it is unnecessary for a city person to learn how to raise chickens．But we can learn how to do both—thanks to the people willing to keep a(n) 15 mind about other people and give a helping hand as well．
1．A．special B．new
C．unusual D．complicated
2．A．confusion B．relief
C．anxiety D．admiration
3．A．long standing B．expensive
C．inspiring D．informative
4．A．introductions B．instructions
C．requirements D．inspections
5．A．continued B．seemed
C．failed D．come
6．A．declare B．employ
C．feature D．perceive
7．A．professional B．fascinating
C．foreign D．striking
8．A．pick up B．put up
C．take up D．make up
9．A．bring B．allow
C．cause D．save
10．A．management B．business
C．household D．nutrition
11．A．example B．case
C．occasion D．event
12．A．common B．important
C．unique D．particular
13．A．applying B．acquiring
C．spreading D．sharing
14．A．suitable B．beneficial
C．essential D．useful
15．A．open B．active
C．clear D．honest
Ⅴ．语法填空
Hangzhou，the birthplace of Zhejiang cuisine，is famous for dishes like West Lake vinegar fish，beggar's chicken and Dongpo pork．1． (surprising)，in recent times，Hangzhou has been jokingly referred to as the “desert of China's delicious food”．
Different 2． (opinion) about the taste of Hangzhou's cuisine can be seen on Chinese social media platforms．Some people argue that Hangzhou's dishes are known for 3． (they) mild flavors，highlighting the delicate taste 4． the food．They believe that Hangzhou's cuisine，though different from northern Chinese cuisines 5． are characterized by strong flavors，6． (be) by no means less tasty．
In contrast，others claim that Hangzhou's dishes lack a special feature，7． (describe) them as tasteless，with sharp criticism aimed at the city's most famous dish，West Lake vinegar fish，for its strange and 8． (pleasant) taste．
As debates continue，Hangzhou's reputation as a culinary(烹饪的) destination remains 9． topic of discussion．Chinese cuisine is celebrated for its diversity，offering a wide range of flavors．It's of great importance 10． (accept) the varieties of regional tastes and enjoy the culinary richness of different places．
课时分层作业(八)
Ⅰ．1．gravity 2．declined 3．grand 4．overcome 5．emerged
Ⅱ．1．all of a sudden 2．in spite of 3．By coincidence 4．occur to 5．rather than
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4
C A B D
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
B A D B C D C A
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
D C B A D C A
Ⅴ．1．Surprisingly 2．opinions 3．their 4．of 5．which/that 6．is 7．describing
8．unpleasant 9．a 10．to accept
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了DNA这一重大发现的重要性及其应用。
1．C [推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“And it certainly has．The study of DNA has led to worldchanging advances in many fields．”可知，引用Ritchie Calder的评论是为了强调DNA的发现对科学的影响和重要性，故选C项。]
2．A [段落大意题。根据文章第三段中的“Through a technique called gene therapy，a person's genes can be modified to treat or cure certain diseases．Another example is agriculture，where work on plant DNA has allowed us to change the way we breed crops，opening the door for genetically modified plants and advances in food security．”和第四段中的“DNA can also shed light on the past．In forensic science，DNA analysis has come to serve as a vital form of evidence in crime scenes”可知，这两段主要讨论了DNA在医学、农业和法医科学等领域的多种应用，故选A项。]
3．B [词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文“In medicine，DNA plays a key role in furthering the development of ‘personalized medicine’—designing treatment plans based on the genomes and other specific factors of individual patients．As ‘natural supercomputers’，DNA can store large amounts of data．So scientists are busy learning from DNA to make our computers store more data and work even faster．”可知，我们可以将DNA用于个性化医学和计算机方面，故第五段中画线单词utilize的意思是“使用”。故选B项。]
4．D [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“As ‘natural supercomputers’，DNA can store large amounts of data．So scientists are busy learning from DNA to make our computers store more data and work even faster．”可知，科学家正致力于研究如何利用DNA来使计算机存储更多数据并提升其运行速度，因而，DNA研究在未来有助于计算机的改进。故选D项。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者看到网上的一位网友通过录制视频的方式教大家如何乘坐公共交通工具的事件展开论述，作者认为对于一些人来说，虽然没有必要去学会生活中他们用不到的所有的技能，但是非常感谢那些愿意对他人保持开放心态并伸出援助之手的人。
1．B [根据前文“If you got dropped off in a new environment with a bunch of strangers”可知，如果你被送到一个陌生的环境和一群陌生人在一起的时候，你可能不敢尝试新的事物甚至会感觉到害怕。故选B。]
2．A [根据后文“After all，who doesn't know how to use public transportation？”可知，毕竟，谁不知道如何使用公共交通工具呢？所以告诉人们如何乘坐地铁的视频让网友们感觉到困惑。故选A。]
3．D [根据后文“because she showed people a simpletofollow set of
on what to do”可知，该视频为人们如何能够简单地乘坐公共交通工具提供了信息。故选D。]
4．B [根据后文“what to do”可知，该视频展示了一套简单易行的操作指南，即对如何乘坐公共交通工具进行说明。让人们知道该怎么做。故选B。]
5．C [根据后文“lots of people in China don't live in large cities”可知，许多人未能意识到中国有很多人不住在大城市。故选C。]
6．D [根据后文“as common knowledge”可知，我们认为是常识的东西对于他人可能很陌生。故选D。]
7．C [根据后文“confusing to others”可知，我们认为是常识的东西对其他人来说很可能是陌生的和令人困惑的。故选C。]
8．A [根据后文的“the life skills”可知，帮助人们掌握生活技能。故选A。]
9．D [根据后文“them a lot of awkwardness”可知，这些视频可能会让他们避免很多尴尬。故选D。]
10．C [根据后文“like cooking simple meals”可知，作者学会了很多家务技巧如做饭。故选C。]
11．B [根据后文“They didn't have these skills I consider very basic．And I didn't know how to use the dishwasher to almost every American．”可知，作者和其他许多室友的情况是不一样的。故选B。]
12．A [根据前文“how to use the dishwasher”以及后文“almost every American”可知，作者不知道如何使用几乎每个美国人都会使用的洗碗机。故选A。]
13．D [根据前文“help each other out”可知，作者的室友和作者所做的就是通过分享知识来互相帮助。故选D。]
14．C [根据后文“just as it is unnecessary for a city person to learn how to raise chickens”可知，农民学习如何乘坐地铁是没有必要的，就像城里人没有必要学习如何养鸡。故选C。]
15．A [根据后文“about other people and give a helping hand as well”可知，此处表示感谢那些愿意对他人保持开放心态并伸出援助之手的人。故选A。]
Ⅴ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近杭州被戏称为“中国美食荒漠”，对此人们发表了各自的看法。
1．Surprisingly [考查副词。修饰后文句子应用副词surprisingly，首字母大写。故填Surprisingly。]
2．opinions [考查名词复数。根据上文different可知opinion应用复数形式。故填opinions。]
3．their [考查代词。修饰后文名词应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。]
4．of [考查介词。此处taste与food为所属关系，应用介词of。故填of。]
5．which/that [考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词northern Chinese cuisines，在从句中作主语，指物。故填which/that。]
6．is [考查时态和主谓一致。根据主句believe可知为一般现在时，从句主语为Hangzhou's cuisine，谓语用单数。故填is。]
7．describing [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知describe与逻辑主语others构成主动关系，故用动词ing形式作状语。故填describing。]
8．unpleasant [考查形容词。根据上文“its strange and”可知，此处表示“令人不快的”应用形容词unpleasant，作定语。故填unpleasant。]
9．a [考查冠词。此处topic为泛指“一个讨论的话题”，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。]
10．to accept [考查非谓语动词。此处句型It's of great importance to do sth．表示“做某事非常重要”。故填to accept。]
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