Period 2 写作
介绍一位发明家
本单元的写作任务是写一篇介绍发明家的短文，属于记叙文的写作范畴。
(一)基本框架
开头(the beginning)——引出人物
主体(the body)——详细介绍
结尾(the ending)——简要总结
(二)常用表达
1．I am Li Hua，aged 23，graduated from Guangzhou University．
我叫李华，23岁，毕业于广州大学。
2．I am Li Hua，Chairman of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School，which is close to your school．
我叫李华，育才中学学生会主席，离你们学校很近。
3．He attaches great importance to subjects such as physics，computer science，English and so on．
他非常重视物理、计算机科学、英语等学科。
4．I show a high sense of team spirit，which I think is of great importance for the job．
我表现出高度的团队精神，我认为这对这份工作非常重要。
5．He was so diligent that he worked day and night．
他非常勤奋，日夜工作。
6．Although I can't be an Edison，I can learn more from him．
虽然我不能成为爱迪生那样的人，但我可以从他身上学到更多。
请根据以下要点，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍伟大的发明家托马斯·爱迪生：
1．爱提问，上小学时经常问一些奇怪的与学习无关的问题；
2．母亲只好把他领回家，并亲自教他；
3．他对科学很感兴趣，做过很多简单的工作，比如通过卖报挣钱为自己建了一个小实验室；
4．一生中有许多发明。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[审题构思]
1．确定体裁：本文为人物介绍，属于记叙文；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称；
3．确定时态：本文的主体时态为一般过去时。
4．确定内容：
①基本介绍；
②个人情况介绍；
③个人总结。
[遣词造句]
1．托马斯·爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。
Thomas Edison is _____________________________________．
2．当他还是个孩子的时候，他总是问老师许多奇怪的问题。
When he was a child，___________________________________．
3．与他的功课无关的奇怪问题。
Strange questions ___________________________________ his lessons．
4．他的老师很生气。
His teacher ___________________________________．
5．他的母亲不得不带他回家，自己教他。
His mother had to take him home and ___________________________________．
6．爱迪生对科学很感兴趣，他做过很多简单的工作，比如卖报纸赚钱为自己建一个小实验室。
Edison was very interested in science，and he did lots of simple jobs，___________________________________．
7．在他的一生中，他创造了大量的发明。
In his life，he ___________________________________．
8．许多发明使我们的生活更加方便。
Many inventions ___________________________________．
[句式升级]
1．用定语从句合并句2和句3。
___________________________________________________________________．
2．用so改写句4和句5。
__________________________________________________________________．
3．用定语从句改写句7和句8。
__________________________________________________________________．
[连句成篇]
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
环境描写
[词块积累]
1．scenic views 风景如画
2．winding rivers 蜿蜒的河流
3．verdant forests 翠绿的森林
4．the quiet countryside 宁静的乡村
5．charming villages 迷人的村庄
6．rolling hills 连绵起伏的小山
7．misty mornings 雾蒙蒙的早晨
8．serene surroundings 宁静的环境
9．a peaceful retreat 一个宁静的避世之地
10．the breathtaking sunset 令人屏息的日落
[佳句积累]
1．The sun slowly rises，casting a warm glow over the tranquil landscape．
太阳慢慢升起，给宁静的景色披上了一层温暖的光芒。
2．The peaceful retreat offers an escape from the hustle and bustle of city life．
这个宁静的避世之地提供了从城市喧嚣中逃离的机会。
3．The majestic mountains loom in the distance，their peaks reaching towards the clear blue sky．
雄伟的山脉在远处耸立，峰顶直插晴朗的蓝天。
4．The misty fog envelops the rolling hills，creating a mysterious and enchanting atmosphere．
浓雾笼罩着连绵起伏的小山，营造出一种神秘而迷人的氛围。
5．The glistening water reflects the vibrant colors of the surrounding nature，creating a picturesque scene．
闪烁的水面倒映出周围自然的鲜艳色彩，形成了一幅如画的景色。
6．The rustic charm of the charming village is irresistible，with its quaint houses and cobblestone streets．
这个迷人村庄的乡村魅力无法抗拒，它有着古朴的房子和鹅卵石街道。
7．The gentle breeze carries the sweet scent of blooming flowers，filling the air with a delightful fragrance．
微风轻拂，带来了盛开花朵的甜美香气，空气中弥漫着令人愉悦的芬芳。
8．The serene surroundings provide a sense of calmness and relaxation，making it the perfect place to unwind．
宁静的环境给人带来平静和放松的感觉，是放松身心的理想场所。
9．The sprawling meadows are alive with the sound of chirping birds and buzzing insects，creating a symphony of nature．
辽阔的草地上鸟儿鸣叫、昆虫嗡嗡作响，形成了大自然的交响乐。
10．The tranquil atmosphere is only interrupted by the occasional sound of a nearby stream，adding to the peaceful ambiance．
宁静的氛围只被附近小溪偶尔的声音打破，增添了和平的氛围。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一个80词左右的段落，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was hiking in Panama in 2018，and planned to climb Volcan Baru．I set off before sunrise．I planned to reach the top by midday，and then return before dark to get to my hotel．
The first part of the climb was beautiful．There were trees all around，and a dirt road for the farmers who worked around there．I walked for an hour and reached a fair height．The views were beautiful，so I stopped to take a photograph．
Suddenly I heard crazy barking behind me．I turned and saw two dogs running towards me．I expected them to stop，but they didn't．As they got closer，I could see their teeth looked sharp，and they looked angry．There was nowhere for me to run．I tried to keep calm，but my heart was racing．They stopped a dozen feet from where I stood and kept barking．I knew they could move fast，so I didn't want to try to run．
I kept walking，saying，“Good dogs，calm down，” as peacefully as possible．But I was terrified．Then one rushed up and sunk his teeth into my leg below the knee．He held on for a few seconds．And then he came back and bit me again．The pain took my breath away as I felt his teeth in my leg．I considered bending down to get a rock to fight him off，but I was nervous in case he went for my neck or the other one attacked me．I was thinking I might not get out of this alive．
Suddenly there came some noise of a truck．_____________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Period 2
应用文写作
遣词造句
1．a great inventor 2．he always asked his teacher many strange questions 3．had nothing to do with 4．felt very angry 5．taught him herself 6．such as selling newspapers to earn money to build a small lab for himself 7．made a large number of inventions 8．have been making our life more convenient
句式升级
1．When he was a child，he always asked his teacher many strange questions which had nothing to do with his lessons．
2．His teacher felt very angry，so his mother had to take him home and taught him herself．
3．In his life，he made a large number of inventions, many of which have been making our life more convenient．
连句成篇
[参考范文]
Thomas Edison is a great inventor．
When he was a child，he always asked his teacher many strange questions which had nothing to do with his lessons．His teacher felt very angry，so his mother had to take him home and taught him herself．Edison was very interested in science，and he did lots of simple jobs，such as selling newspapers to earn money to build a small lab for himself．
In his life，he made a large number of inventions, many of which have been making our life more convenient．
读后续写
续写初练笔
[参考范文]
Suddenly there came some noise of a truck．With it drawing near，the dogs were scared away．The moment the truck stopped，the driver，an old farmer，signed to me to get on the truck．When I climbed into the truck，the driver speeded up，leaving the dogs behind．I was safe and the relief was unbelievable．After a brief conversation，he figured out what I had experienced and realized that I was seriously injured．He drove me to hospital and I received medical treatment in time．I'll never be able to express what he did for me．He saved my life．
5/5(共52张PPT)
Period 2
Section Ⅲ WRITING WORKSHOP & READING CLUB
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
主题语境
人与社会 —— 科技发展与信息技术创新
介绍一位发明家
课时学案 写作
本单元的写作任务是写一篇介绍发明家的短文，属于记叙文的写作范畴。
(一)基本框架
开头(the beginning)——引出人物
主体(the body)——详细介绍
结尾(the ending)——简要总结
(二)常用表达
1．I am Li Hua，aged 23，graduated from Guangzhou University．
我叫李华，23岁，毕业于广州大学。
2．I am Li Hua，Chairman of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School，which is close to your school．
我叫李华，育才中学学生会主席，离你们学校很近。
3．He attaches great importance to subjects such as physics，computer science，English and so on．
他非常重视物理、计算机科学、英语等学科。
4．I show a high sense of team spirit，which I think is of great importance for the job．
我表现出高度的团队精神，我认为这对这份工作非常重要。
5．He was so diligent that he worked day and night．
他非常勤奋，日夜工作。
6．Although I can't be an Edison，I can learn more from him．
虽然我不能成为爱迪生那样的人，但我可以从他身上学到更多。
请根据以下要点，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍伟大的发明家托马斯·爱迪生：
1．爱提问，上小学时经常问一些奇怪的与学习无关的问题；
2．母亲只好把他领回家，并亲自教他；
3．他对科学很感兴趣，做过很多简单的工作，比如通过卖报挣钱为自己建了一个小实验室；
4．一生中有许多发明。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
[审题构思]
1．确定体裁：本文为人物介绍，属于记叙文；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称；
3．确定时态：本文的主体时态为一般过去时。
4．确定内容：
①基本介绍；
②个人情况介绍；
③个人总结。
[遣词造句]
1．托马斯·爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。
Thomas Edison is ______________．
2．当他还是个孩子的时候，他总是问老师许多奇怪的问题。
When he was a child，________________________________________
___________．
a great inventor
he always asked his teacher many strange
questions
3．与他的功课无关的奇怪问题。
Strange questions ___________________ his lessons．
4．他的老师很生气。
His teacher _____________．
5．他的母亲不得不带他回家，自己教他。
His mother had to take him home and _________________．
had nothing to do with
felt very angry
taught him herself
6．爱迪生对科学很感兴趣，他做过很多简单的工作，比如卖报纸赚钱为自己建一个小实验室。
Edison was very interested in science，and he did lots of simple jobs，________________________________________________________．
7．在他的一生中，他创造了大量的发明。
In his life，he ______________________________．
8．许多发明使我们的生活更加方便。
Many inventions _____________________________________．
such as selling newspapers to earn money to build a small lab for himself
made a large number of inventions
have been making our life more convenient
[句式升级]
1．用定语从句合并句2和句3。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________．
2．用so改写句4和句5。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________．
When he was a child，he always asked his teacher many strange questions which had nothing to do with his lessons
His teacher felt very angry，so his mother had to take him home and taught him herself
3．用定语从句改写句7和句8。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________．
In his life，he made a large number of inventions, many of which have been making our life more convenient
[连句成篇]
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Thomas Edison is a great inventor．
When he was a child，he always asked his teacher many strange questions which had nothing to do with his lessons．His teacher felt very angry，so his mother had to take him home and taught him herself．Edison was very interested in science，and he did lots of simple jobs，such as selling newspapers to earn money to build a small lab for himself．
In his life，he made a large number of inventions, many of which have been making our life more convenient．
环境描写
[词块积累]
1．scenic views 风景如画
2．winding rivers 蜿蜒的河流
3．verdant forests 翠绿的森林
4．the quiet countryside 宁静的乡村
5．charming villages 迷人的村庄
6．rolling hills 连绵起伏的小山
7．misty mornings 雾蒙蒙的早晨
8．serene surroundings 宁静的环境
9．a peaceful retreat 一个宁静的避世之地
10．the breathtaking sunset 令人屏息的日落
[佳句积累]
1．The sun slowly rises，casting a warm glow over the tranquil landscape．
太阳慢慢升起，给宁静的景色披上了一层温暖的光芒。
2．The peaceful retreat offers an escape from the hustle and bustle of city life．
这个宁静的避世之地提供了从城市喧嚣中逃离的机会。
3．The majestic mountains loom in the distance，their peaks reaching towards the clear blue sky．
雄伟的山脉在远处耸立，峰顶直插晴朗的蓝天。
4．The misty fog envelops the rolling hills，creating a mysterious and enchanting atmosphere．
浓雾笼罩着连绵起伏的小山，营造出一种神秘而迷人的氛围。
5．The glistening water reflects the vibrant colors of the surrounding nature，creating a picturesque scene．
闪烁的水面倒映出周围自然的鲜艳色彩，形成了一幅如画的景色。
6．The rustic charm of the charming village is irresistible，with its quaint houses and cobblestone streets．
这个迷人村庄的乡村魅力无法抗拒，它有着古朴的房子和鹅卵石街道。
7．The gentle breeze carries the sweet scent of blooming flowers，filling the air with a delightful fragrance．
微风轻拂，带来了盛开花朵的甜美香气，空气中弥漫着令人愉悦的芬芳。
8．The serene surroundings provide a sense of calmness and relaxation，making it the perfect place to unwind．
宁静的环境给人带来平静和放松的感觉，是放松身心的理想场所。
9．The sprawling meadows are alive with the sound of chirping birds and buzzing insects，creating a symphony of nature．
辽阔的草地上鸟儿鸣叫、昆虫嗡嗡作响，形成了大自然的交响乐。
10．The tranquil atmosphere is only interrupted by the occasional sound of a nearby stream，adding to the peaceful ambiance．
宁静的氛围只被附近小溪偶尔的声音打破，增添了和平的氛围。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一个80词左右的段落，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was hiking in Panama in 2018，and planned to climb Volcan Baru．I set off before sunrise．I planned to reach the top by midday，and then return before dark to get to my hotel．
The first part of the climb was beautiful．There were trees all around，and a dirt road for the farmers who worked around there．I walked for an hour and reached a fair height．The views were beautiful，so I stopped to take a photograph．
Suddenly I heard crazy barking behind me．I turned and saw two dogs running towards me．I expected them to stop，but they didn't．As they got closer，I could see their teeth looked sharp，and they looked angry．There was nowhere for me to run．I tried to keep calm，but my heart was racing．They stopped a dozen feet from where I stood and kept barking．I knew they could move fast，so I didn't want to try to run．
I kept walking，saying，“Good dogs，calm down，” as peacefully as possible．But I was terrified．Then one rushed up and sunk his teeth into my leg below the knee．He held on for a few seconds．And then he came back and bit me again．The pain took my breath away as I felt his teeth in my leg．I considered bending down to get a rock to fight him off，but I was nervous in case he went for my neck or the other one attacked me．I was thinking I might not get out of this alive．
Suddenly there came some noise of a truck． ____________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Suddenly there came some noise of a truck．With it drawing near，the dogs were scared away．The moment the truck stopped，the driver，an old farmer，signed to me to get on the truck．When I climbed into the truck，the driver speeded up，leaving the dogs behind．I was safe and the relief was unbelievable．After a brief conversation，he figured out what I had experienced and realized that I was seriously injured．He drove me to hospital and I received medical treatment in time．I'll never be able to express what he did for me．He saved my life．
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
A tiny crack(裂缝) grew in a very small piece of metal when placed under repetitive stretching．The experiment，designed to study crack growth，continued as predicted for a while．But then，something unexpected happened．The crack stopped growing and instead began to get shorter，effectively “healing(愈合)” itself．This incredible observation was made by a group of researchers at Sandia National Laboratories．The findings were recently published in the journal Nature．
课时分层作业(九)
It would be reasonable to think，prior to this discovery，that self-healing metal was something that could only be found in science fiction．However，Dr．Michael Demkowicz，a professor in Texas A&M University's materials science and engineering department and co-author of the recent study，held no such assumptions．
Ten years ago，while an assistant professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology's materials science and engineering department，Demkowicz and his student predicted self-healing in metals．“We didn't set out to find healing．My student，Guoxiang Xu，was doing experiments on fracture(断裂)，” Demkowicz said．“We accidentally observed healing in one of his experiments and decided to follow up．” Then，just like now，the results in 2013 were surprising．
Both the 2013 models and the recent experiment used nanocrystalline(纳米晶体) metals，which make studying self-healing easier because their small grain size allows for more microstructural features that even small cracks can interact with．Demkowicz said that these features are common in many metals．One condition common to both the 2013 theory and the recent experiment is that both were conducted in vacuum environments without foreign matter．Such outside matter could influence crack surfaces' ability to bond back together．
Even with this limitation，applications could still be possible for space faring technology or internal cracks that are not exposed to outside air．“The main impact of the current work is to move the original theoretical prediction off the drawing board and show that it occurs in reality，” Demkowicz said．Potential applications of this work could vary widely．Demkowicz suggests that self-healing could be possible in conventional metals with larger grain sizes，but future investigations will be needed．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是科学家们发现金属也可以自我修复，并对此感到惊讶。
1．What was the recent experiment aimed at
A．Challenging a former mistaken theory．
B．Learning about crack growth in metals．
C．Proving what happens in science fiction．
D．Studying the uses of various metals．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The experiment，designed to study crack growth，continued as predicted for a while．” 可知，最近的这个实验的目的是了解金属中的裂纹扩展。故选B。]
2．How does the author develop the fourth paragraph
A．By listing examples． B．By analyzing causes．
C．By making comparisons． D．By presenting ideas．
√
C [推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推断，本段主要是通过作比较的方式展开内容的。故选C。]
3．What is Demkowicz's suggestion
A．Constantly changing the research environment．
B．Paying much attention to the original theories．
C．Learning drawing skills from different masters．
D．Further researching the metals with larger grain sizes．
√
D [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Demkowicz suggests that self-healing could be possible in conventional metals with larger grain sizes，but future investigations will be needed．”可知，Demkowicz建议进一步研究晶粒度较大的金属。故选D。]
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Scientists Were Shocked by Self-Healing in Metals
B．Personal Achievements of Dr．Michael Demkowicz
C．The Latest Developments in Science and Technology
D．The New Applications of Metals Were Found by Scientists
√
A [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的内容可知，本文主要讲的是科学家们发现金属也可以自我修复，并对此感到惊讶。A选项“科学家对金属的自我修复能力感到震惊”最适合作文章标题。故选A。]
B
Electrically powered vertical-take-off-and-landing (eVTOL) aircraft—flying cars are an idea whose time has not quite yet come，but is fast approaching．Many firms are offering various designs．None of these，however，will be Jetson-like family flying cars．Pivotal，based in Silicon Valley，by contrast has crafted something that people can purchase and pilot themselves．Helix is a single-seat vehicle，so “flying motorbike” might be more accurate．From next year，many people will be able to order one for personal use，though they will not be able to take delivery until June．
Marcus Leng founded Pivotal in 2011，and some back-of-the-envelope calculations he made suggested that electric lift-off of a human-carrying craft，using motors powered by the lithium-ion batteries ought to work．He thus built a model and flew it in the garden of his house in Warkworth，Ontario．
Now，after ameliorating it，the firm thinks it has something marketable．The aircraft has，nevertheless，changed little in its fundamentals over the years．It has two pairs of wings and eight propellers(螺旋桨)，making it slightly resemble a squashed “H” when seen in the sky from below．And there is no undercarriage．Instead，its belly is curved in a way similar to a humpback whale's，so it rocks to stability after landing．
Pilot's license or not，buyers will still need some training to fly a Helix．Pivotal insists on this．For the same reason，the craft's software will stop the pilot doing anything that does not fit its safety rules．And if，despite this，something does go wrong，it is fitted with a parachute(降落伞)．
The Helix's top speed is a respectable 100 kph，but its range is only 30 km．And refueling it is a bit of a pain．Filling up from the mains takes four and a half hours，though a special high-power system similar to those employed for electric cars can bring that down to 75 minutes．While Helix still doesn't compare to the flying car from the Jetsons，it could be a step forward．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家名为Pivotal的硅谷公司开发的电动垂直起降飞行器Helix，对其设计、特点、市场前景等方面进行了介绍。
5．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs
A．Helix has been used in Warkworth widely．
B．Flying cars won't be allowed for personal use．
C．Leng was the first person to design flying cars．
D．Helix is only suitable for one person to drive．
√
D [推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Helix is a single-seat vehicle，so ‘flying motorbike’ might be more accurate．”可知，Helix只适合一人驾驶。故选D。]
6．What does the underlined word “ameliorating” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Testing． B．Driving．
C．Improving． D．Repairing．
√
C [词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文“the firm thinks it has something marketable”可推测，在改进之后，公司认为它有了市场。画线单词ameliorating指的是“提高，改进”之意。故选C。]
7．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Helix's relative devices． B．Helix's training process．
C．Helix's safety measures． D．Helix's working principle．
C [段落大意题。根据文章第四段“Pilot's license or not，buyers will still need some training to fly a Helix．Pivotal insists on this．For the same reason，the craft's software will stop the pilot doing anything that does not fit its safety rules．And if，despite this，something does go wrong，it is fitted with a parachute．”可知，文章第四段主要讲述的是Helix的安全措施。故选C。]
√
8．What is the author's attitude towards Helix
A．Doubtful． B．Objective．
C．Indifferent． D．Cautious．
√
B [观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“The Helix's top speed is a respectable 100 kph，but its range is only 30 km．And refueling it is a bit of a pain．Filling up from the mains takes four and a half hours，though a special high-power system similar to those employed for electric cars can bring that down to 75 minutes．While Helix still doesn't compare to the flying car from the Jetsons，it could be a step forward．”以及全文内容可知，作者在文章中客观地介绍了Helix的设计、特点、市场前景等方面，没有表达出明显的怀疑、冷漠或谨慎的态度。相反，作者通过提供技术细节和背景信息，帮助读者更好地理解和评估这款新型飞行器。因此，可以认为作者对于Helix的态度是客观的。故选B。]
Ⅱ．应用文写作
假如你是李华，你校英语报正在举办“大国科技推动者”主题征文比赛，请你写一篇英语短文，介绍你最敬佩的一名科学工作者，内容包括：
1．人物简介；
2．令人敬佩的原因。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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[参考范文]
There are many scientists who have driven social development．Among them，the one I admire most is Yuan Longping，an outstanding agricultural scientist known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”．
A few decades ago，the lack of food was one of the main problems threatening Chinese people．After years of study，Yuan Longping successfully developed the world's first hybrid rice，which dramatically increased rice production．His approach to rice breeding also serves as a solution to food problems around the globe．
There is no doubt that his contribution is of great significance．His story gives me inspiration and motivates me to love science．
THANKS课时分层作业(九)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
A tiny crack(裂缝) grew in a very small piece of metal when placed under repetitive stretching．The experiment，designed to study crack growth，continued as predicted for a while．But then，something unexpected happened．The crack stopped growing and instead began to get shorter，effectively “healing(愈合)” itself．This incredible observation was made by a group of researchers at Sandia National Laboratories．The findings were recently published in the journal Nature．
It would be reasonable to think，prior to this discovery，that self healing metal was something that could only be found in science fiction．However，Dr．Michael Demkowicz，a professor in Texas A&M University's materials science and engineering department and co author of the recent study，held no such assumptions．
Ten years ago，while an assistant professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology's materials science and engineering department，Demkowicz and his student predicted self healing in metals．“We didn't set out to find healing．My student，Guoxiang Xu，was doing experiments on fracture(断裂)，” Demkowicz said．“We accidentally observed healing in one of his experiments and decided to follow up．” Then，just like now，the results in 2013 were surprising．
Both the 2013 models and the recent experiment used nanocrystalline(纳米晶体) metals，which make studying self healing easier because their small grain size allows for more microstructural features that even small cracks can interact with．Demkowicz said that these features are common in many metals．One condition common to both the 2013 theory and the recent experiment is that both were conducted in vacuum environments without foreign matter．Such outside matter could influence crack surfaces' ability to bond back together．
Even with this limitation，applications could still be possible for space faring technology or internal cracks that are not exposed to outside air．“The main impact of the current work is to move the original theoretical prediction off the drawing board and show that it occurs in reality，” Demkowicz said．Potential applications of this work could vary widely．Demkowicz suggests that self healing could be possible in conventional metals with larger grain sizes，but future investigations will be needed．
1．What was the recent experiment aimed at
A．Challenging a former mistaken theory．
B．Learning about crack growth in metals．
C．Proving what happens in science fiction．
D．Studying the uses of various metals．
2．How does the author develop the fourth paragraph
A．By listing examples．
B．By analyzing causes．
C．By making comparisons．
D．By presenting ideas．
3．What is Demkowicz's suggestion
A．Constantly changing the research environment．
B．Paying much attention to the original theories．
C．Learning drawing skills from different masters．
D．Further researching the metals with larger grain sizes．
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Scientists Were Shocked by Self Healing in Metals
B．Personal Achievements of Dr．Michael Demkowicz
C．The Latest Developments in Science and Technology
D．The New Applications of Metals Were Found by Scientists
B
Electrically powered vertical take off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft—flying cars are an idea whose time has not quite yet come，but is fast approaching．Many firms are offering various designs．None of these，however，will be Jetson like family flying cars．Pivotal，based in Silicon Valley，by contrast has crafted something that people can purchase and pilot themselves．Helix is a single seat vehicle，so “flying motorbike” might be more accurate．From next year，many people will be able to order one for personal use，though they will not be able to take delivery until June．
Marcus Leng founded Pivotal in 2011，and some back of the envelope calculations he made suggested that electric lift off of a human carrying craft，using motors powered by the lithium ion batteries ought to work．He thus built a model and flew it in the garden of his house in Warkworth，Ontario．
Now，after ameliorating it，the firm thinks it has something marketable．The aircraft has，nevertheless，changed little in its fundamentals over the years．It has two pairs of wings and eight propellers(螺旋桨)，making it slightly resemble a squashed “H” when seen in the sky from below．And there is no undercarriage．Instead，its belly is curved in a way similar to a humpback whale's，so it rocks to stability after landing．
Pilot's license or not，buyers will still need some training to fly a Helix．Pivotal insists on this．For the same reason，the craft's software will stop the pilot doing anything that does not fit its safety rules．And if，despite this，something does go wrong，it is fitted with a parachute(降落伞)．
The Helix's top speed is a respectable 100 kph，but its range is only 30 km．And refueling it is a bit of a pain．Filling up from the mains takes four and a half hours，though a special high power system similar to those employed for electric cars can bring that down to 75 minutes．While Helix still doesn't compare to the flying car from the Jetsons，it could be a step forward．
5．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs
A．Helix has been used in Warkworth widely．
B．Flying cars won't be allowed for personal use．
C．Leng was the first person to design flying cars．
D．Helix is only suitable for one person to drive．
6．What does the underlined word “ameliorating” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Testing． B．Driving．
C．Improving． D．Repairing．
7．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Helix's relative devices．
B．Helix's training process．
C．Helix's safety measures．
D．Helix's working principle．
8．What is the author's attitude towards Helix
A．Doubtful． B．Objective．
C．Indifferent． D．Cautious．
Ⅱ．应用文写作
假如你是李华，你校英语报正在举办“大国科技推动者”主题征文比赛，请你写一篇英语短文，介绍你最敬佩的一名科学工作者，内容包括：
1．人物简介；
2．令人敬佩的原因。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
课时分层作业(九)
Ⅰ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
B C D A D C C B
Ⅱ．[参考范文]
There are many scientists who have driven social development．Among them，the one I admire most is Yuan Longping，an outstanding agricultural scientist known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”．
A few decades ago，the lack of food was one of the main problems threatening Chinese people．After years of study，Yuan Longping successfully developed the world's first hybrid rice，which dramatically increased rice production．His approach to rice breeding also serves as a solution to food problems around the globe．
There is no doubt that his contribution is of great significance．His story gives me inspiration and motivates me to love science．
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是科学家们发现金属也可以自我修复，并对此感到惊讶。
1．B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The experiment，designed to study crack growth，continued as predicted for a while．” 可知，最近的这个实验的目的是了解金属中的裂纹扩展。故选B。]
2．C [推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推断，本段主要是通过作比较的方式展开内容的。故选C。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Demkowicz suggests that selfhealing could be possible in conventional metals with larger grain sizes，but future investigations will be needed．”可知，Demkowicz建议进一步研究晶粒度较大的金属。故选D。]
4．A [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的内容可知，本文主要讲的是科学家们发现金属也可以自我修复，并对此感到惊讶。A选项“科学家对金属的自我修复能力感到震惊”最适合作文章标题。故选A。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家名为Pivotal的硅谷公司开发的电动垂直起降飞行器Helix，对其设计、特点、市场前景等方面进行了介绍。
5．D [推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Helix is a singleseat vehicle，so ‘flying motorbike’ might be more accurate．”可知，Helix只适合一人驾驶。故选D。]
6．C [词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文“the firm thinks it has something marketable”可推测，在改进之后，公司认为它有了市场。画线单词ameliorating指的是“提高，改进”之意。故选C。]
7．C [段落大意题。根据文章第四段“Pilot's license or not，buyers will still need some training to fly a Helix．Pivotal insists on this．For the same reason，the craft's software will stop the pilot doing anything that does not fit its safety rules．And if，despite this，something does go wrong，it is fitted with a parachute．”可知，文章第四段主要讲述的是Helix的安全措施。故选C。]
8．B [观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“The Helix's top speed is a respectable 100 kph，but its range is only 30 km．And refueling it is a bit of a pain．Filling up from the mains takes four and a half hours，though a special highpower system similar to those employed for electric cars can bring that down to 75 minutes．While Helix still doesn't compare to the flying car from the Jetsons，it could be a step forward．”以及全文内容可知，作者在文章中客观地介绍了Helix的设计、特点、市场前景等方面，没有表达出明显的怀疑、冷漠或谨慎的态度。相反，作者通过提供技术细节和背景信息，帮助读者更好地理解和评估这款新型飞行器。因此，可以认为作者对于Helix的态度是客观的。故选B。]
3/4
