Unit1 Back to school单词梳理 清单(讲义)-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版必修第一册

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名称 Unit1 Back to school单词梳理 清单(讲义)-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版必修第一册
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Unit 1 Back to school单词梳理
(一) 英汉对记(31组)
1. potential n. 潜力;可能性
adj. 潜在的,可能的 (2)
2. senior adj. 中学的(招收11或13岁以上学生);级别高的;高级水平的;老年的
n. 级别(或地位)较高者;较……年长的人;高水平运动员 (2)
3. path n. 道路;小路;成功的途径 (2)
4. positive adj. 积极乐观的;良好的,正面的(2)
5. opportunity n. 机会,时机 (2)
6. effort n. 努力,费力的事;试图 (2)
7. resource n. 资源;资料;谋略 (3)
8. facility n. 设施,设备;场所 (3)
9. attitude n. 态度,看法 (3)
10. goal n. 目标;进球得分(3)
11. balance vt. 同等重视;(使)保持平衡;权衡重要性
n. 均衡,平衡;平衡能力 (3)
12. improve vt. & vi. 改进,改善 (3)
13. character n. 品质,性格;特点;人物,角色;文字(3)
14. ahead adv. (时间、空间)向前;提前(5)
15. junior adj. (学校)为 11 或 13岁以下儿童设立的;地位(或级别)低的;青少年的
n. 职位较低者;青少年运动员 (5)
16. focus n. 焦点,重点
vt. & vi. 集中(6)
17. detail n. 细节;具体情况(6)
18. tip n. 指点,实用的提示;尖端;小费 (7)
19. aim n. 目的,目标
vi. & vt. 力争做到;目的是;针对(9)
20. style n. 风格;方式;样式 (9)
21. material n. 材料;素材
adj. 物质的,实际的;客观存在的(9)
22. secondary adj. 中学的;次要的(11)
23. exchange n. & vt. 交换;交流;兑换(11)
24. host n. 主人;东道主;主持人
vt. 主办;主持(11)
25. biology n. 生物学(11)
26. tough adj. 艰难的;严厉的;坚强的;坚固的(11)
27. alarm n. 闹钟;恐慌;警报;警报器
vt. 使惊恐,使害怕(11)
28. butter n. 黄油(12)
29. pudding n. 甜点;布丁(12)
30. rugby n. 橄榄球运动(12)
31. calligraphy n. 书法,书法艺术(13)
【语境助记】
(1) More efforts should be made in senior high school than in junior high school to take advantage of the school resources and facilities,_catch opportunities and have a _positive attitude_to discover one's potential and achieve one's goals.
高中要比初中投入更多的努力,利用学校的资源和设施,抓住机会,用积极的态度发现自己的潜能,实现自己的目标。
(2) In the path of improving yourself, balance your schoolwork and the other activities, focus on the details and follow the teachers' tips,_aiming at forming your own character and style in the years _ahead.
在提升自己的道路上,要平衡学习和其他活动之间的关系,关注细节,听从老师的建议,旨在在未来的岁月里形成自己的特色和风格。
(3) An exchange student from a British secondary school, who loves butter and puddings,_becomes fond of Chinese calligraphy,_learns a tough subject—Biology,_makes an alarm with some strange materials,_and hosts a rugby competition.
来自英国中等学校的一个喜欢黄油和甜点的交换生,爱上了中国书法,学了一门艰难的课程——生物,还用一些奇怪的材料制作了一个闹钟,并主持了一场橄榄球比赛。
(二) 拓展倍记(18组)
1. challenge n. & vt. 挑战;质疑(2)→challenging adj. 挑战性的,考验能力的;挑起争论的,不赞同的
2. thinking n. 思维,思想;想法(2)→think vt. & vi. 认为,以为;想,思考,思索→thought n. 想法,看法,主意;思想;思考,思维
3. acquire vt. 获得,得到(2)→acquisition n. 获得,得到;购置,收购;购得物
4. advance n. 进步,进展;前进,行进vt. & vi. 发展,进步(3)→advanced adj. 先进的;高级的,高等的;后期的
5. amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的(3)→amaze vt. 使惊奇;使惊愕;使惊诧→amazed adj. 大为惊奇→amazement n. 惊奇;惊愕;惊诧
6. confidence n. 信心,信任;把握(3)→confident adj. 自信的;确信的→confidently adv. 自信地
7. individual n. 个人adj. 单独的,个别的(3)→individuality n. 个性,个人特征
8. responsible adj. 有责任,负责;可靠的(3)→irresponsible adj. 不负责任的,无责任感的→responsibility n. 责任,负责;职责,义务;任务
9. independent adj. 自主的,有主见的;自立的(5)→depend vi. 取决于;依靠,依赖;指望,信赖→dependent adj. 依靠的,依赖的;有瘾的;受……的影响,取决于→dependence n. 依靠,依赖,依存;瘾;相关(性),依存(关系)→independence n. 独立,自主,自立→independently adv. 独立地,自主地,自立地
10. base vt. 以……为基础(依据) n. 根据;基础;基底;总部,大本营(7)→basic adj. 基本的,基础的;初级的,初步的;必需的→basis n.(pl. bases)基础;原因;基准
11. proposal n. 提议,建议,动议(9)→propose vt. & vi. 提议,建议;计划;求婚
12. technique n. 技巧,技艺;技能(9)→technical adj. 技术的,技能的,工艺的;技艺的;专科的,专业的
13. professional adj. 职业的,专业的;有职业的;娴熟的,精通业务的n. 专门人员,专业人士(9)→profession n. 行业,职业;同业,同行,同人
14. poster n. 海报;(在网络留言板上)发布消息的人(9)→post vt. 寄,邮寄;张贴,公布
15. contribution n. 贡献;捐款;捐赠(11)→contribute vt. & vi.捐献,捐赠,捐助;是……的原因之一;增加,增进,添加→contributor n. 撰稿人;捐款者,捐赠者,作出贡献者;促成物
16. fortunately adv. 幸运地,幸亏(11)→fortune n. 机会,运气;大笔的钱,巨款→misfortune n. 厄运,不幸→fortunate adj. 幸运的,交好运的,吉利的→unfortunate adj. 不幸的,倒霉的;可惜的→unfortunately adv. 不幸地;遗憾地,可惜地
17. option n. 可选择的事物,选择;选修课(12)→optional adj. 可选择的;选修的
18. attract vt. 吸引,使喜爱;招引;引起(反应)(12)→attraction n. 爱慕,吸引;向往的地方;有吸引力的事;有吸引力的特征(或品质、人)→attractive adj. 诱人的;吸引人的;令人愉快的;有吸引力的
【语境助记】
Independent of the theoretical bases and others' proposals,_ individuals with challenging thinking,_ based on their professional techniques,_will have confidence in taking part in some amazing optional courses and gain advanced knowledge, becoming attractive and _responsible posters and contributors to certain areas fortunately.
有挑战性思维的人不依赖理论基础,也不依赖别人的提议,基于自己的专业技能,他们将在参与一些令人惊奇的选修课程中信心十足,并能获得高深的知识,从而幸运地成为吸引人的、负责任的发帖者和一些领域的贡献者。
(三) 合成并记(2组)
1. well rounded adj. 全面发展的;面面俱到的(3)
2. workshop n. 研讨会,讲习班;车间,作坊(9)
【语境助记】
Those with a positive mind will attend a variety of advanced workshops,_growing into well rounded individuals in time.
有积极心态的人会参加各种高级研讨会,最终成为全面发展的人。
(四) 短语强记(10组)
1. lie in 存在于,在于(2)
2. rise to 能够处理(2)
3. make a difference 起作用,有影响(3)
4. make the most of充分利用,尽情享受(3)
5. take advantage of利用(3)
6. last but not least 最后但同样重要的 (3)
7. look forward to 盼望,期待(5)
8. as a result of 由于(6)
9. stick to 坚持;固守,维持(7)
10. over time 随着时间流逝,久而久之(12)
(五) 重点例释(20组)
1. potential n. 潜力;可能性
adj. 潜在的,可能的
①Every seed is a potential plant.
每粒种子都可能长成植物。
②While the sales figure of the new range of products is relatively small, the potential market is large.
尽管新系列产品的销售数字相对较小,但潜在市场很大。
③Efforts will be made to innovate new teaching models to exploit students' potential.
将努力创新教学模式以便能开发学生的潜力。
2. challenge n. & vt. 挑战;质疑
(1) challenger n. 挑战者
(2) challenging adj. 挑战性的,考验能力的;
挑起争论的,不赞同的
①Up to now, our society has been challenged with limited living space and a shortage of natural resources.
到目前为止,我们的社会一直面临着生存空间有限和自然资源匮乏的挑战。
②If the challenger wins, he will become the new world heavyweight champion.
如果挑战者获胜,他将成为新的重量级拳击世界冠军。
③She's a challenging woman, isn't she
她真是一个有吸引力的女人,不是吗?
3. acquire vt. 获得,得到
①We want people to acquire the habit of using public transport instead of their cars.
我们希望人们养成使用公共交通而不是私家车的习惯。
②He acquired a good knowledge of English by careful study.
他通过认真学习掌握了英语。
4. advance n. 进步,进展;前进,行进
vt. & vi. 发展,进步
(1) in advance 提前;预先;超前
(2) in advance of 在……前面;超过
(3) made great advance(s) 取得很大的进步
(4) advance on/towards
(尤指武装部队的)前进,行进
(5) advanced adj. 高级的;先进的;(发展)晚期的
①It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology.
它并不会像科技进步之前那样孤独。
②The crowd advanced on/towards us, shouting angrily.
人群愤怒地喊叫着并向我们逼近。
③You should make a careful plan in advance.
你应当预先制订周密的计划。
④The advanced worker kept on studying advanced technology and made great advances.
这位先进工作者一直在学习先进技术,并且取得了巨大的进步。
5. amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的
(1) amaze vt. 使惊奇;使惊愕;使惊诧
(2) amazed adj. 大为惊奇
(3) be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶
(4) be amazed to do sth 因做某事而感到惊讶
(5) amazement n. 惊奇;惊愕;惊诧
(6) in amazement 惊奇地
(7) to one's amazement 令某人惊讶的是
①Tom was amazed at the girl's calmness and quick mind.
汤姆惊讶于这个女孩的镇定和机智。
②I was amazed to see Bolt break the world record at an amazing speed of 9.58 seconds in the 100 metres race. When I told my classmate about it, he shouted in amazement.
我很吃惊地看到博尔特在百米比赛中以令人惊讶的9.58秒打破了世界纪录。当我告诉我同学这件事的时候,他惊讶地喊了起来。
6. confidence n. 信心,信任;把握
(1) have confidence in/that … 对……有信心
(2) with confidence 肯定地;有把握地
(3) confident adj. 自信的;确信的
(4) be confident in sth 对某事有信心
(5) be confident about/of (doing) sth
对(做)某事有把握
(6) be confident that … 肯定;对……坚信
①He plays with confidence; as a result, every game he improves a lot.
他踢得很自信,因此,每一场比赛他都有很大提高。
②Freddy was very confident about his singing.
弗雷迪对他的歌声很有信心。
③Compared with them,we are more confident in success.
和他们相比,我们更有信心取得成功。
④He is confident of passing the driving test.
他确信自己能通过驾驶测试。
7. make a difference 起作用,有影响
(1) make a big/a great deal of/a lot of difference (to sb/sth) (对某人/某事)有很大的影响(作用);很重要
(2) make no difference (to sb/sth)
(对某人/某事)没有影响;没有作用
(3) make some difference 有些作用(关系、影响)
①The rain didn't make a lot of difference to the game.
这场雨对比赛没多大影响。
②It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.
不管他去还是不去,对我都没影响。
8. make the most of 充分利用,尽情享受
(1) make use of 利用,使用
(2) make good/full/little use of
好好/充分/不充分利用
(3) make the best of 充分利用
①She really tries to make the most of herself by dressing well.
她确实想通过穿着漂亮尽量发挥自己的优势。
②So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
所以到17世纪,莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。
③He has made up his mind to make the best of every minute to study.
他决心充分利用每一分钟学习。
9. take advantage of 利用
(1) advantage n. 有利条件,有利因素,优势;优点;优势分
vt. 使处于有利地位,有利于,有助于
(2) disadvantage n. 不利因素;不便之处
vt.伤害,使处于不利地位
(3) have an advantage over
优于,比……占有优势
①He thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.
他认为滚动比滑动有明显的优势。
②I'm going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。
③At the same time, other people claim this seems to be a great disadvantage to children.
同时,另一些人声称这会对孩子大为不利。
④The children from poor families were at a distinct disadvantage.
来自贫困家庭的孩子们处于明显的不利地位。
10. equal adj. 相等的;平等的;相当的
n. 同等的人(物)
linking v. 与……相等
vt. 比得上
①Men and women have equal rights in China.
在中国男女都有平等的权利。
②Women want equal pay for equal work.
妇女要求同工同酬。
③Mary is quite equal to Bill in brains.
玛丽跟比尔一样聪明。
④Eight times eight equals sixty four.
八乘八等于六十四。
⑤No one equals him in strength.
论力气,谁也比不上他。
11. balance vt. 同等重视;(使)保持平衡;权衡重要性
n. 均衡,平衡;平衡能力
(1) keep one's balance保持平衡
(2) lose one's balance失去平衡
(3) out of balance不平衡
(4) balanced adj. 保持(或显示)平衡的
①You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.
你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。
②He lost his balance and hurt himself when he went upstairs.
他上楼时失去平衡伤了自己。
③I want to confess: “My life is out of balance.”
我想要坦白:“我的生活失去了平衡。”
④His mother told him the importance of a balanced diet.
他妈妈告诉他饮食均衡的重要性。
12. focus n. 焦点,重点
vt. & vi. 集中
(1) focus on 集中精力于……
(2) focus/fix one's attention on
把某人的注意力集中于……
(3) the focus of attention 关注的焦点
①The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.
教练能够把注意力集中在孩子们身上,而其余的家长们也为免除了下个赛季的烦恼而感到宽慰。
②It was the main focus of attention at the meeting.
这是会议上关注的主要焦点。
③They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.
他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。
④They focused all their attention on finding a solution to the problem.
他们集中全部注意力寻找解决问题的办法。
13. as a result of 由于
(1) result n. 后果,结果;得分
vi. 发生;产生
(2) as a result 结果;因此
(3) without result 徒劳;毫无结果
(4) result from (因……)发生;(随……)产生
(5) result in(=lead to) 导致;造成
①As a result, I have totally changed my shape.
因此,我已经完全改变了我的身材。
②The conditions are poor; as a result, the workers left.=The workers left as a result of the poor conditions.
由于条件太差,工人们离开了。
③Let us hope that peace will result from our talks.
让我们期望,我们的会谈会带来和平。
④His carelessness resulted in his failure.
他的粗心导致了他的失败。
14. base vt. 以……为基础(依据) 
n. 根据;基础;基底;总部,大本营
(1) base … on/upon
把……建立在……的基础上
(2) at the base of
以……为基点;在……的底部
(3) be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据
①A Chinese television drama, titled In the Name of People, was based on the same novel, written by Zhou Meisen.
一部中国电视剧,名为《人民的名义》,以周梅森所写的同名小说为蓝本。
②If you base an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
如果把一个重要的决定更多地建立在情感基础上,而不是以理性思考为基础,你迟早会后悔的。
③They found the plane at the base of the mountain.
他们在山脚下发现了飞机。
15. remind vt. 提醒,使想起
(1) remind sb of sth
提醒某人某事,使某人想起某事
(2) remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
(3) remind sb that …
使某人想起……,提醒某人……
①I don't want them to remind me of her.
我不想因它们想起她来。
②Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.
请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。
③I was about to call Jack to remind him that we would meet at 8:00 a.m. when he came in.
我正要给杰克打电话提醒他我们在上午8点见面的时候,他进来了。
16. exchange n. & vt. 交换;交流;兑换
(1) in exchange for … 作为对……的交换
(2) have/make an exchange of … 交换……
(3) exchange A for B把A兑换成B
(4) exchange sth with sb
与某人交流某事/交换某物
①I've offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week's accommodation.
我提出要粉刷厨房,条件是让我免费住宿一周。
②To reach an agreement, we had an exchange of thoughts.
为了达成一致意见,我们交换了想法。
③I wouldn't exchange my apple with him for anything.
无论他拿什么东西,我都不与他交换我的苹果。
④I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.
我与经理握手,相互交谈了几句。
17. alarm n. 闹钟;恐慌;警报;警报器
vt. 使惊恐,使害怕
(1) in alarm 惊恐地
(2) give the alarm to … 给……发警报
(3) alarmed adj. 担心;害怕
(4) be alarmed at/by … 对……大为惊慌
(5) be alarmed to do … 对做……感到恐慌
(6) alarming adj. 令人惊恐的;令人惊慌的;引起恐慌的
①I turned in alarm as the wind blew the door open.
当风把门吹开的时候我惊慌地转身。
②The little girl was alarmed at the snake.
这个小女孩被蛇吓了一跳。
③The boy was alarmed to see the bear walking to him.
这个男孩看到熊走向他,很是惊慌。
④We were alarmed at the alarming scream as the scream did alarm us.
我们被那令人惊恐的尖叫声吓了一跳,因为那叫声的确使我们感到惊恐。
18. contribution n. 贡献;捐款;捐赠
(1) make a contribution to …
对……有贡献/给……捐助
(2) contribute vt. & vi. 捐献,捐赠,捐助;是……的原因之一;增加,增进;发表意见
(3) contribute … to … 把……贡献给……
(4) contribute to 促进;有助于;发表意见
①He made an outstanding contribution to science.
他对科学做出了杰出的贡献。
②Many warm hearted people contributed some money to the sick girl.
许多热心肠的人为那个生病的女孩捐献了一些钱。
③I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.
我相信你的建议会有助于问题的解决。
19. over time 随着时间流逝,久而久之
(1) in time for sth 赶上某事
(2) in no time 立即;马上
(3) at one time 曾经;一度
(4) at no time 从不;决不
(5) at a time 每次;依次
①Over time, you will learn from your mistakes and discover the key issues.
随着时间的推移,你将从错误中学习并发现那些关键问题。
②He braked his car just in time only to avoid an accident.
他及时刹车,避免了一次事故。
③At no time should we give in to difficulties.
我们在任何时候都不能向困难屈服。
④Do one thing at a time and do it well.
一次只做一件事情,并且要做好。
20. attract vt. 吸引,使喜爱;招引;引起(反应)
(1) attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
(2) attract sb to sth 吸引某人关注某事
(3) attraction n. 爱慕,吸引;向往的地方;有吸引力的事
(4) attractive adj. 有吸引力的
①The player's wonderful performance attracted the coach's attention.
这个运动员出色的表现引起了教练的注意。
②What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.
这份工作最吸引我的地方是有机会旅行。
③To be honest, I can't tell what the attraction of this building is.
老实讲,我说不出这座建筑物有何吸引人的地方。
④It is said that the old town used to be an attractive place.
据说,这个古镇曾经是一个吸引人的地方。