2026人教版高中英语必修第一册练习--UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2026人教版高中英语必修第一册练习--UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（含答案与解析） |  | |
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2026人教版高中英语必修第一册
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
全卷满分150分 考试用时120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How does the woman sound
A.Encouraging. B.Depressing. C.Disappointing.
2.What is the man doing
A.He is walking on the grass.
B.He is wearing his glasses.
C.He is putting up a notice.
3.What does the man suggest about the laptop
A.Buying a new one.
B.Having it repaired.
C.Keeping on using it.
4.How does the man go to work
A.By bus. B.On foot. C.By car.
5.What are the speakers talking about
A.Rice fields.
B.Childhood memories.
C.Game playing.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What's wrong with the woman's room
A.It's a little dark.
B.It's not quiet.
C.It's smelly.
7.What is the woman's final decision
A.Moving to another room.
B.Checking in at another hotel.
C.Waiting for a non-smoking room.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.What is the conversation mainly about
A.A weekend plan.
B.A camping trip.
C.A family dinner.
9.Why doesn't the woman want to go hiking
A.It's too cold outside.
B.It's quite tiring.
C.It's not exciting.
10.What will the speakers do first
A.Do some shopping.
B.Go to the cinema.
C.Visit the museum.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.Which place would the man like to go
A.An exciting modern city.
B.A popular tourist attraction.
C.A quiet and faraway place.
12.What does the woman worry about
A.The weather.
B.The language.
C.The food and water.
13.What does the woman plan to do now
A.Travel with the man.
B.Do some gardening.
C.Go to the travel agency.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
14.What happened to the woman in the beginning
A.She lost her phone.
B.She couldn't find the way.
C.She was trapped in heavy snow.
15.Why did the woman turn off the engine
A.The car was running out of gas.
B.She stopped to answer a call.
C.The engine couldn't work properly.
16.How did the woman keep warm
A.By drinking hot tea.
B.By using the car heater.
C.By having more clothes on.
17.What did the emergency services do
A.They called an ambulance.
B.They led the woman to her home.
C.They helped the woman go to the main road.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.What is the speaker doing
A.Organizing a rescue.
B.Reporting a disaster.
C.Conducting an interview.
19.Why is the rescue work rather difficult
A.No volunteers come to help.
B.The roads are badly damaged.
C.There are not enough aid workers.
20.What has Pakistan received from the UN
A.Funds. B.Shelters. C.Food supplies.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four of the World's Natural Disasters
The following four natural disasters destroyed cities and communities around the world. By floods, typhoons, or earthquakes, these events have collectively taken millions of human lives.
The Yangtze River Flood
The major flood of 1931 covered tens of thousands of square miles, flooding rice fields and many cities, including Nanjing and Wuhan. The flood affected more than 50 million people. Government organizations, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, estimated(估计) that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster.
Typhoon Nina
Typhoon Nina struck Henan province of China in August 1975. The typhoon caused a serious dam(水坝) failure, and more than 150,000 people were dead or injured. According to reports, at least 26,000 people died in the floods. About 145,000 people died from diseases caused by water pollution and famine(饥荒). The number of people affected by the disaster was more than 10,000,000.
The Kashmir Earthquake
On October 8, 2005, a disastrous earthquake struck the Kashmir region. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.6, followed by many aftershocks and landslides. The seriousness of the damage and the high number of deaths were worsened by poor constructions(建筑物) in the affected areas. At least 73,000 people were killed, and more than 32,000 buildings fell down.
The Haiti Earthquake
At the beginning of 2010, an earthquake hit Haiti. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.3 and was followed by aftershocks that registered magnitudes of 5.9 and 5.5. Another aftershock with a magnitude of 5.9 struck on January 20. There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200,000—300,000 people died. Hundreds of thousands more were forced to leave their homes.
21.Which natural disaster caused the most deaths
A.The Yangtze River Flood. B.Typhoon Nina.
C.The Kashmir Earthquake. D.The Haiti Earthquake.
22.What made the situation in Kashmir more serious
A.The serious aftershocks. B.The diseases after earthquakes.
C.The continuous debate. D.The low construction quality.
23.What can we learn about the earthquake that hit Haiti
A.It had many secondary disasters.
B.It happened in the hottest season.
C.It had a debatable death number.
D.It happened once and for all.
B
A major storm moving through Northern California on Thursday dropped heavy snow and rain, flooding some areas, after killing two people and knocking out power to hundreds of thousands in the Pacific Northwest.
Forecasters warned the risk of flooding and rockslides would continue, and scores of flights were canceled at San Francisco International Airport. In Washington, more than 204,000 people—mostly in the Seattle area—remained without power.
The National Weather Service extended(延长) a flood watch until Saturday in areas north of San Francisco as they were influenced by this season's strongest weather phenomenon(现象)—which forms over the ocean and flows through the sky over land. The system went ashore Tuesday as a “bomb cyclone(炸弹气旋)”, which occurs when a cyclone builds up rapidly. It brought about strong winds that blew trees down onto roads, vehicles and homes, killing at least two people in Washington.
Communities in Washington opened warming centers offering free Internet access and device charging. Some medical clinics closed because of power cuts.
Santa Rosa saw 6.5 inches of rain in the last 24 hours, marking the wettest day on record since 1998. Worse still, the Sonoma County Airport, in the wine country north of San Francisco, got more than 11 inches within the last 48 hours and Venado had about 12.7 inches in the same period.
In nearby Forestville, one person was hurt when a tree fell on a house. Small landslides were reported across the North Bay, including one on State Route 281 on Wednesday that caused a car crash. Daniela Alvarado said calls to her and her father's Sonoma County-based tree business have nearly doubled in recent days, with people asking for clearing trees. “We feel sad, scared, but also ready for action,” Alvarado said.
24.What is the cause of the flood watch in the north of San Francisco
A.Strong winds. B.Water from the ocean.
C.The condition in its sky. D.The local narrow rivers.
25.Why are the numbers listed in Paragraph 5
A.To explain recent weather.
B.To compare different places.
C.To record the amount of the rain.
D.To show how heavy the rain was.
26.What did Alvarado mean
A.Their business doubled in size.
B.People called to lend a hand.
C.The situation was too terrible to improve.
D.They prepared to offer help.
27.What is the type of the text
A.A news report. B.A science paper.
C.An announcement. D.A country introduction.
C
As climate change leads to longer wildfire seasons and increases the likelihood of disastrous fires, more people in Western states find themselves searching for local wildfire information. But finding accurate(准确的), specific and timely information can be challenging, especially in the middle of an emergency.
The information about a wildfire can come from many sources: emergency push warnings from county emergency managers, texts and emails from the sheriff's department, social media posts from local, state and firefighting agencies, and websites like InciWeb, which map fire lines.
Mills, a Silicon Valley tech guy who lives in the wilderness of Sonoma County, experienced this chaos(混乱) of information after a near miss with 2020's Wallbridge Fire, in which 33 people were killed just in California. Mills realized that it was only a matter of time before the situation happened to him again. He decided that he would do something about it—by building an app that would integrate all these sources of wildfire information and make it easily available on smartphones. So he built Watch Duty in 80 days and it went live and had 50,000 users in a week.
The app started relatively small, tracking fires across just three Northern California counties, but in four years, it has grown to include the whole American West, Texas and Oklahoma.
The app contains many official sources of wildfire information. Still, its strength comes from a small army of volunteer contributors and reporters with firefighting, emergency service and media experience who watch wilderness camera live streams and listen in on(收听) firefighter radio communications in the field.
Volunteer Hancock explains that there are not many first responders, and an even smaller number who are capable of broadcasting those communications and warnings through social media or by other means. He points out that having another resource that reaches many in the community is lifesaving. With additional people to become part of their team, more can be contributed to keeping the community safe.
28.Why is it hard to get quick and accurate fire details
A.InciWeb doesn't map wildfires.
B.Few sources provide fire details.
C.Too many sources lead to confusion.
D.Local agencies ignore social media.
29.What does the underlined word “integrate” mean in paragraph 3
A.Search. B.Combine. C.Schedule. D.Connect.
30.What is the advantage of the app Watch Duty
A.Its rich official sources.
B.Its professional-only contributors.
C.Its nationwide coverage in America.
D.Its real-time data from volunteer networks.
31.Why does the author mention Hancock
A.To introduce lifesaving resources.
B.To advance the use of Watch Duty.
C.To call on more volunteers to join.
D.To discuss communication methods.
D
News about natural disasters, including volcanic eruptions, storms and earthquakes, is updated daily. Besides, global warming is causing heatwaves to become more frequent, pushing the limits of human survival in the hottest regions on Earth. Recent record-breaking temperatures in various parts of the world have highlighted(突出) the dangers caused by extreme heat and thrown light on the challenges that lie ahead.
When faced with extreme heat, the human body depends on its natural cooling mechanisms(机制) to keep a safe temperature. However, very high heat overpowers these mechanisms, putting human lives at risk. Research shows that the body's ability to cool through sweating begins to decrease at 35 ℃. Being in such conditions can put pressure on the heart and cause body temperatures to rise uncontrollably, creating the greatest risk to older people and those with diseases.
Recently, high temperatures have broken records across the globe. China experienced a historic high of nearly 126 °F. America reached 128 °F. The Middle East hit 152 °F, nearing the limit of what humans can stand.
These extreme heat events offer a look at the future, as global warming continues to push temperatures up. The frequency of dangerously high temperatures has more than doubled since 1979, according to research in 2020.
The seriousness and widespread nature of ongoing heatwaves highlight the fact that climate change is a global problem with far-reaching effects. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels(化石燃料), have greatly contributed to the rise in heat-trapping greenhouse gases, leading to more heatwaves and other extreme weather events. It is high time to cut down on greenhouse gases and choose cleaner renewable energy sources. International cooperation and leadership are necessary for reducing the effects of climate change on our planet and protecting the well-being of future generations.
32.What is the text mainly about
A.The danger of global warming.
B.The causes of natural disasters.
C.The introduction of the hottest regions on Earth.
D.The exploration of the rising heat's effects on humans.
33.What does the research find about humans' sweating
A.It controls the cooling mechanisms.
B.It becomes less effective at 35℃.
C.It increases heart efficiency in the heat.
D.It improves cooling in all conditions.
34.What is the data in paragraph 3 about
A.Temperature limits that humans can stand.
B.The high temperatures three regions can stand.
C.Global average temperatures at different time periods.
D.Record-breaking temperatures in specific regions.
35.What is the author's main purpose in writing the last paragraph
A.To call for stopping using fossil fuels.
B.To call for caring about the future generations.
C.To call for cutting down on cleaner renewable energy.
D.To call for working internationally to address climate change.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tsunamis, damaged buildings and damaged power lines are just a few of the dangers you might face after an earthquake. 36
Go inland and seek higher ground.
In some cases, earthquakes can cause tsunamis in areas along the coast. These can happen minutes to hours after a strong earthquake. 37 Get to higher ground as far inland as possible. Be careful of nearby damaged buildings.
Do not enter a damaged building.
Earthquakes can damage buildings and make them unsafe. Wait until the local authorities tell you it is safe to go inside. Leave your home or building if you hear the sound of something shifting or unusual noises. 38
Inspect your home for damage.
Carefully check your home's walls, floors, doors, windows and staircases for damage. 39 Check gas, electrical and water lines for damage. If you smell gas or see a broken line, shut off the main valve(阀门) from the outside. Sparks from electrical switches could ignite leaking gas, causing an explosion.
40
During and after an earthquake, it is natural to experience different strong emotions. Coping with these feelings and getting help when you need it will help recover from a disaster. Connect with family members, friends and others in your community. Take care of yourself and each other and know when and how to seek help.
A.Stay connected and informed.
B.Take care of your emotional health.
C.Strange noises could mean the building is about to fall.
D.Keep a fire extinguisher handy, and make sure your family knows how to use it.
E.If you see structural damage, you may need to relocate to a shelter or another safe location.
F.If you hear an official tsunami warning or notice signs of a tsunami, evacuate immediately.
G.Keep yourself safe after an earthquake by carefully following the recommendations below.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When Hurricane Laura 41 the city of Lake Charles, an evacuation was ordered. But for the 19 newborn babies, leaving was pretty much 42 . Members at the hospital were 43 that they'd remain with them until the danger passed.
With the strong wind through the town, Dr. Juan Bossano with 14 nurses, and some other 44 stayed behind in the NICU, 45 their little babies in turn. Later, for their safety, they sent the babies to their main campus across the 46 in under two hours. The whole hospital went all out to make sure the babies and everything necessary safely made the 47 .
Unfortunately, during the night the air conditioning was 48 out and water was cut off in the hospital. Throughout the hurricane, Dr. Bossano kept anxious parents calm by frequent 49 on his Facebook page.
The storm over, the babies were sent to other NICUs where necessary services hadn't been 50 by the hurricane. “This morning, the babies were 51 . Thank goodness, I finally got a couple of hours of 52 ,” said Bossano. It's important to know the devotion of all the nurses and doctors to keeping taking care of the babies when they didn't even know the 53 of their homes. “In a small town like this, people have to 54 . I'm proud of them,” Bossano 55 .
41.A.arrived B.left C.hit D.beat
42.A.impossible B.necessary C.important D.suitable
43.A.frightened B.worried C.annoyed D.determined
44.A.soldiers B.parents C.doctors D.friends
45.A.looking for B.caring for
C.asking for D.waiting for
46.A.city B.country C.school D.university
47.A.way B.trip C.day D.plan
48.A.knocked B.turned C.checked D.called
49.A.tips B.titles C.topics D.posts
50.A.applied B.trapped C.suffered D.affected
51.A.dangerous B.safe C.awake D.calm
52.A.sleep B.focus
C.energy D.entertainment
53.A.content B.design C.condition D.impression
54.A.put together B.live together
C.pull together D.get together
55.A.admired B.added C.introduced D.advanced
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was about 8 years old. And my brother and I were outside 56 (calm) doing gardening work. It was 57 cloudy mid-summer day but suddenly the sky got very dark and everything felt “still”.
I looked over at my brother 58 eyes were fixed on the sky. He appeared surprised at and frightened of the sudden change. Then, I 59 (hear) my mom shouting, “Tornado!” I looked back and she was running towards us and anxiously ordered us 60 (come) inside.
Once inside, my mom had us hide under the big table in the dining room. And to keep us 61 fear, she played our favorite Halloween songs. Soon, the terrible, loud noise from the 62 (power) tornado seemed to drown out(压过) all other sounds. I watched the roof flying past our big front window, and kept 63 (think) I was going to die.
And then, just as suddenly as it had arrived, the tornado was gone. We went outside and found the houses on either side of ours were in 64 (ruin). And trees had been destroyed. We 65 (shock) by the scene(场面). We rushed to rescue the trapped neighbors.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
昨天A市(A City)发生了严重洪灾,人、建筑物、汽车被大水冲走,损失惨重。请根据下面提供的信息,为某英语报社写一篇80词左右的新闻报道,报道的标题已给出。内容包括:
1.受灾情况:如人员伤亡(多达50人死亡,数百人受伤);很多建筑物损毁;供水、供电中断等;
2.救援人员:军队、医务人员等;
3.赈灾措施:运送生活物资;人们捐款等。
注意:标题和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
A Terrible Flood
With a large donation and joint efforts of all the people, it is believed that A City will revive itself and get back on its feet soon.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
For my family, a vacation in Penang is a yearly event. My mother and father were raised in Penang, so they loved Penang cuisine. Each December, we'd go to the island and take a three-day tour of their favorite places for meals.
That year we began the trip to the north on a Friday morning. It took us six hours to arrive at our destination. We always stayed at a hotel in Batu Ferringhi. The beach was only a few steps away from the hotel, and our rooms had a beautiful ocean view. We spent our first night playing on the beach. Then, we went back to the hotel rooms and started playing games. My parents had a rule for our holidays that we should spend time doing something together. There was no television or network.
We reached Bukit Bendera the following day, and then wandered around the mountain for the rest of the afternoon, visiting our favorite shops. We were drinking tea in a cafe when we heard someone talking about an earthquake off Sumatra, an Indonesian island. After we returned to our hotel, we left for the beach. We went for a stroll on the beach, collecting shells along the way. When I looked up, I could see that the sunlight was more brilliant than I had imagined. Far away, I could see a big tree shaking under the sunlight. We didn't think anything terrible was going to happen. All of a sudden, I realized something strange. It was as if the sea were moving away from the coast. I called my dad to check out this strange event. My dad took a look and his face went pale. In the distance we could see a gray line approaching the coast. It seemed to grow taller within seconds.
注意:续写词数应为 150个左右。
My dad shouted at us to hurry back to the hotel.
We waited a long time before going downstairs.
答案全解全析
1.A 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.A
9.B 10.C 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.C
17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.A 22.D 23.C 24.C
25.D 26.D 27.A 28.C 29.B 30.D 31.C 32.D
33.B 34.D 35.D 36.G 37.F 38.C 39.E 40.B
41.C 42.A 43.D 44.C 45.B 46.A 47.B 48.A
49.D 50.D 51.B 52.A 53.C 54.C 55.B
56.calmly 57.a 58.whose 59.heard 60.to come 61.from 62.powerful 63.thinking 64.ruins 65.were shocked
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上四次自然灾害的相关情况。
21.A 细节理解题。根据The Yangtze River Flood 部分中的“about 3.7 million people died in this disaster”可知,在这次灾难中约有370万人丧生;根据Typhoon Nina部分中的“According to reports, at least 26,000 people died in the floods. About 145,000 people died from diseases caused by water pollution and famine.”可知,洪水造成至少26,000人死亡,水污染和饥荒造成大约145,000人死亡;根据The Kashmir Earthquake部分中的“At least 73,000 people were killed”可知,至少有73,000人在地震中丧生;根据The Haiti Earthquake部分中的“estimates suggest that about 200,000—300,000 people died”可知,地震中有20万至30万人丧生。综合以上信息可知,在以上四次自然灾害中,导致死亡人数最多的应是长江洪水。故选A。
22.D 细节理解题。根据The Kashmir Earthquake 部分中的“The seriousness of the damage and the high number of deaths were worsened by poor constructions in the affected areas.”可知,劣质的建筑物使得克什米尔的情况更加糟糕。故选D。
23.C 细节理解题。根据The Haiti Earthquake部分中的“There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake”可知,海地地震造成的死亡人数一直存在争议。故选C。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了暴风雨袭击美国多地的情况。
24.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,美国国家气象局将旧金山北部地区的洪水预警延长到了周六,因为这些地区受到了本季最强天气现象的影响,这种天气现象在海洋上形成并流过陆地上空。因此,旧金山北部地区的洪水预警的原因是天空中的状况。故选C。
25.D 推理判断题。第五段列出了不同地区的降雨量数据,包括Santa Rosa、the Sonoma County Airport和Venado的降雨量。列出这些数据是为了表明降雨的严重程度。故选D。
26.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Alvarado的话“我们感到悲伤、害怕,但也准备好行动了”可推断,尽管情况严峻,但Alvarado和父亲已经准备好了提供帮助。故选D。
27.A 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了一场暴风雨给北加利福尼亚州和太平洋西北地区带来的影响,包括降雪、降雨、停电、树木倒塌、人员伤亡等情况,以及相关的应对措施,具有新闻报道的特点。故选A。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了获取野火信息的应用程序“Watch Duty”的开发与影响。
28.C 细节理解题。第一段最后一句提到,找到准确、具体和及时的信息可能具有挑战性,第二段讲了有关野火的信息可以有许多来源,结合第三段讲到的米尔斯在侥幸躲过2020年的火灾后,他经历了这种信息混乱可知,太多的信息来源导致了混乱。故选C。
29.B 词义猜测题。第三段第一句提到米尔斯经历了这种信息混乱,结合画线词前后的信息“He decided that he would do something about it...make it easily available on smartphones.”可推知,经历了信息混乱的米尔斯决定开发一个应用程序,目的是把混乱的野火信息整合起来。所以画线词表示“整合”,与combine意义相近。故选B。
30.D 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知,这款应用程序的优势在于其志愿者网络提供的实时数据。题干中的advantage与文中的strength为近义词。故选D。
31.C 推理判断题。根据第六段中志愿者汉考克解释的内容“一线应急响应人员并不多……如果有更多人加入他们的团队,就能为保持社区安全做出更多贡献”可推知,作者提到汉考克的目的是呼吁更多的志愿者参与。故选C。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球变暖导致的极端高温现象及其对人类的影响,呼吁国际社会共同努力应对气候变化。
32.D 主旨大意题。文章围绕极端高温展开,讲了极端高温对人体的影响、全球高温现象的未来趋势及应对措施,核心是探讨上升的温度对人类的影响。故选D。
33.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,研究发现,人体在 35℃时通过出汗降温的能力开始降低,即出汗在 35℃时效果变差。故选B。
34.D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容“最近,全球各地的高温打破纪录。中国经历了接近126°F的历史最高温。美国达到了128°F。中东地区达到了152°F,接近人类所能承受的极限”可推断,第三段给出的数据是一些特定地区打破纪录的高温。故选D。
35.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,国际合作和领导对于减少气候变化对地球的影响和保护子孙后代的福祉是必要的。由此可推断,作者写最后一段的主要目的是呼吁国际社会合作应对气候变化。故选D。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地震避险的一些知识及建议。
36.G 上文提到海啸、受损的建筑物和损坏的电线只是地震后你可能面临的危险因素中的一些。下文紧接着给出了一系列关于地震后如何保障安全的建议。G 项“通过仔细遵循以下建议,在地震后使自己保持安全状态”起到了承上启下的作用,符合语境。故选G。
37.F 上文讲到地震可能会引发海啸,海啸可能在强烈地震后的几分钟到几小时内发生。结合下句给出的建议“到地势较高的地方,越往内陆越好”可推知,F项“如果你听到官方海啸警报或注意到海啸的迹象,立即撤离”顺承上文继续讲海啸,同时与下文讲的往哪里撤离衔接,符合语境。故选F。
38.C 设空处上文讲到如果你听到东西移动的声音或不寻常的噪音,离开你的家或建筑物。C项“奇怪的声音可能意味着建筑物要倒了”衔接上文,符合语境。故选C。
39.E 上文说仔细检查你家的墙壁、地板、门、窗户和楼梯是否有损坏。E项“如果你看到结构损坏,你可能需要搬到避难所或另一个安全的地方”是在发现房屋有损坏的情况下的进一步处理措施,承接上文,符合语境,故选E。
40.B 设空处为本段小标题。根据本段开头提到的“地震期间和地震之后,(人们)自然会经历不同的强烈情绪”可推知,本段主要讲的是地震带来的情绪问题,所以B项“照顾你的情绪健康”符合语境。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了飓风劳拉袭击莱克查尔斯市时,在民众都撤离的情况下,医院的医护人员照顾19个无法离开的新生儿的故事,体现了医护人员的奉献精神。
41.C 自然灾害“袭击、侵袭”某个地方时,常用动词hit。故选C。
42.A 根据本句中的But可知,该句和上一句构成转折关系。由此推知,人们撤离时,19个新生儿无法离开。故选A。
43.D 根据“they'd remain with them until the danger passed”可知,19个新生儿不可能离开,医院的工作人员决定陪在这些孩子身边。故选D。
44.C 根据上一段中的“Members at the hospital were 43 that they'd remain with them”可知,陪伴孩子的是医院里的医生。故选C。
45.B 根据常识,此处指医生和护士照顾新生儿。最后一段中的“taking care of the babies”也是提示。故选B。
46.A 根据第一段中的“the city of Lake Charles”可知,Lake Charles是个城市。因此该处指他们在不到两小时的时间里穿过城市把孩子们送到了主院区。故选A。
47.B 将婴儿们送到主院区是一次“旅行”。故选B。
48.A 根据“Unfortunately”和“water was cut off”可以推知,空调被破坏了,不运转了。knock out意为“破坏”。故选A。
49.D 根据空后的“his Facebook page”可知,博萨诺医生在他的脸书页面上发帖安慰那些焦虑的父母。故选D。
50.D 暴风雨停了,婴儿们被送到其他必要的服务没有受到飓风影响的新生儿重症监护病房。故选D。
51.B 根据后面的“Thank goodness”可知,此处指今天早上,婴儿们都安全了。故选B。
52.A 此处指谢天谢地,“我”终于可以睡几个小时了。飓风过去了,婴儿们安然无恙,照看他们的医生终于可以睡觉了。故选A。
53.C 此处指了解所有护士和医生的奉献精神是很重要的,当他们甚至不知道自己家的情况时,他们一直在照顾这些婴儿。故选C。
54.C 此处指在这样的小镇上,人们必须团结一致。故选C。
55.B 此处是博萨诺补充的话。admire钦佩;add补充说;introduce介绍,引进;advance前进。故选B。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候遭遇龙卷风的经历。
56.calmly 考查副词。设空处修饰现在分词doing,作状语,用副词形式。故填calmly。
57.a 考查冠词。设空处修饰可数名词单数day,表示泛指,意为“一,一个”,cloudy以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。
58.whose 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作定语,表示“我弟弟的”,故填关系代词whose。
59.heard 考查时态。设空处为本句谓语,整篇文章都在讲述过去发生的事情,本句时态应为一般过去时。故填heard。
60.to come 考查不定式。order sb. to do sth.意为“命令某人做某事”。故填to come。
61.from 考查介词。keep sb. from...意为“保护某人免受……”。故填from。
62.powerful 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词tornado,作定语,用形容词形式。故填powerful。
63.thinking 考查动名词。keep doing sth.意为“不断/一直做某事”。故填thinking。
64.ruins 考查名词复数。句意:我们走出去,发现我们的房子两边的房屋都成了废墟。in ruins意为“成为废墟;严重受损;破败不堪”。故填ruins。
65.were shocked 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为本句谓语,根据语境可知,应用一般过去时;主语是复数We,与提示词shock之间为被动关系,故填were shocked。
第四部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
A Terrible Flood
A terrible flood hit A City yesterday, causing great damage. The number of deaths stood at 50 and hundreds of people were injured. Numerous buildings and roads were in ruins, leaving a great many citizens homeless. Food was hard to get and the water and electricity supply was cut off.
Soon after the flood, rescue workers, including medical teams and troops, were quickly organized and sent to the disaster-hit area. Fresh water and food were transported to the area. People donated money voluntarily. Volunteers from around the country came to aid in the disaster relief work.
With a large donation and joint efforts of all the people, it is believed that A City will revive itself and get back on its feet soon.
第二节
One possible version:
My dad shouted at us to hurry back to the hotel. He held my arm and dragged me along. As we got to the gate of the hotel, we heard a noise coming from behind. My father urged us to hide upstairs. We were in a state of terror, and as we got to the second level, we could hear the roar of running water. My dad was screaming at us to go up. On the fourth level we paused, staring at the water beneath. It stopped growing. A few minutes later, it started to fall.
We waited a long time before going downstairs. As soon as the running water stopped, we could see the unrecognizable gate of the hotel. The hotel was filled with mud and destroyed furniture. There were also some people who fell into the water and fainted or cried out in pain. What we saw weakened our hearts, so we decided to assist the victims after a narrow escape. Never had I had such a thrilling but dangerous vacation before. The special visit to Penang left a deep impression on me.
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2026人教版高中英语必修第一册
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
全卷满分150分 考试用时120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How does the woman sound
A.Encouraging. B.Depressing. C.Disappointing.
2.What is the man doing
A.He is walking on the grass.
B.He is wearing his glasses.
C.He is putting up a notice.
3.What does the man suggest about the laptop
A.Buying a new one.
B.Having it repaired.
C.Keeping on using it.
4.How does the man go to work
A.By bus. B.On foot. C.By car.
5.What are the speakers talking about
A.Rice fields.
B.Childhood memories.
C.Game playing.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What's wrong with the woman's room
A.It's a little dark.
B.It's not quiet.
C.It's smelly.
7.What is the woman's final decision
A.Moving to another room.
B.Checking in at another hotel.
C.Waiting for a non-smoking room.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.What is the conversation mainly about
A.A weekend plan.
B.A camping trip.
C.A family dinner.
9.Why doesn't the woman want to go hiking
A.It's too cold outside.
B.It's quite tiring.
C.It's not exciting.
10.What will the speakers do first
A.Do some shopping.
B.Go to the cinema.
C.Visit the museum.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.Which place would the man like to go
A.An exciting modern city.
B.A popular tourist attraction.
C.A quiet and faraway place.
12.What does the woman worry about
A.The weather.
B.The language.
C.The food and water.
13.What does the woman plan to do now
A.Travel with the man.
B.Do some gardening.
C.Go to the travel agency.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
14.What happened to the woman in the beginning
A.She lost her phone.
B.She couldn't find the way.
C.She was trapped in heavy snow.
15.Why did the woman turn off the engine
A.The car was running out of gas.
B.She stopped to answer a call.
C.The engine couldn't work properly.
16.How did the woman keep warm
A.By drinking hot tea.
B.By using the car heater.
C.By having more clothes on.
17.What did the emergency services do
A.They called an ambulance.
B.They led the woman to her home.
C.They helped the woman go to the main road.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.What is the speaker doing
A.Organizing a rescue.
B.Reporting a disaster.
C.Conducting an interview.
19.Why is the rescue work rather difficult
A.No volunteers come to help.
B.The roads are badly damaged.
C.There are not enough aid workers.
20.What has Pakistan received from the UN
A.Funds. B.Shelters. C.Food supplies.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four of the World's Natural Disasters
The following four natural disasters destroyed cities and communities around the world. By floods, typhoons, or earthquakes, these events have collectively taken millions of human lives.
The Yangtze River Flood
The major flood of 1931 covered tens of thousands of square miles, flooding rice fields and many cities, including Nanjing and Wuhan. The flood affected more than 50 million people. Government organizations, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, estimated(估计) that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster.
Typhoon Nina
Typhoon Nina struck Henan province of China in August 1975. The typhoon caused a serious dam(水坝) failure, and more than 150,000 people were dead or injured. According to reports, at least 26,000 people died in the floods. About 145,000 people died from diseases caused by water pollution and famine(饥荒). The number of people affected by the disaster was more than 10,000,000.
The Kashmir Earthquake
On October 8, 2005, a disastrous earthquake struck the Kashmir region. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.6, followed by many aftershocks and landslides. The seriousness of the damage and the high number of deaths were worsened by poor constructions(建筑物) in the affected areas. At least 73,000 people were killed, and more than 32,000 buildings fell down.
The Haiti Earthquake
At the beginning of 2010, an earthquake hit Haiti. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.3 and was followed by aftershocks that registered magnitudes of 5.9 and 5.5. Another aftershock with a magnitude of 5.9 struck on January 20. There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200,000—300,000 people died. Hundreds of thousands more were forced to leave their homes.
21.Which natural disaster caused the most deaths
A.The Yangtze River Flood. B.Typhoon Nina.
C.The Kashmir Earthquake. D.The Haiti Earthquake.
22.What made the situation in Kashmir more serious
A.The serious aftershocks. B.The diseases after earthquakes.
C.The continuous debate. D.The low construction quality.
23.What can we learn about the earthquake that hit Haiti
A.It had many secondary disasters.
B.It happened in the hottest season.
C.It had a debatable death number.
D.It happened once and for all.
B
A major storm moving through Northern California on Thursday dropped heavy snow and rain, flooding some areas, after killing two people and knocking out power to hundreds of thousands in the Pacific Northwest.
Forecasters warned the risk of flooding and rockslides would continue, and scores of flights were canceled at San Francisco International Airport. In Washington, more than 204,000 people—mostly in the Seattle area—remained without power.
The National Weather Service extended(延长) a flood watch until Saturday in areas north of San Francisco as they were influenced by this season's strongest weather phenomenon(现象)—which forms over the ocean and flows through the sky over land. The system went ashore Tuesday as a “bomb cyclone(炸弹气旋)”, which occurs when a cyclone builds up rapidly. It brought about strong winds that blew trees down onto roads, vehicles and homes, killing at least two people in Washington.
Communities in Washington opened warming centers offering free Internet access and device charging. Some medical clinics closed because of power cuts.
Santa Rosa saw 6.5 inches of rain in the last 24 hours, marking the wettest day on record since 1998. Worse still, the Sonoma County Airport, in the wine country north of San Francisco, got more than 11 inches within the last 48 hours and Venado had about 12.7 inches in the same period.
In nearby Forestville, one person was hurt when a tree fell on a house. Small landslides were reported across the North Bay, including one on State Route 281 on Wednesday that caused a car crash. Daniela Alvarado said calls to her and her father's Sonoma County-based tree business have nearly doubled in recent days, with people asking for clearing trees. “We feel sad, scared, but also ready for action,” Alvarado said.
24.What is the cause of the flood watch in the north of San Francisco
A.Strong winds. B.Water from the ocean.
C.The condition in its sky. D.The local narrow rivers.
25.Why are the numbers listed in Paragraph 5
A.To explain recent weather.
B.To compare different places.
C.To record the amount of the rain.
D.To show how heavy the rain was.
26.What did Alvarado mean
A.Their business doubled in size.
B.People called to lend a hand.
C.The situation was too terrible to improve.
D.They prepared to offer help.
27.What is the type of the text
A.A news report. B.A science paper.
C.An announcement. D.A country introduction.
C
As climate change leads to longer wildfire seasons and increases the likelihood of disastrous fires, more people in Western states find themselves searching for local wildfire information. But finding accurate(准确的), specific and timely information can be challenging, especially in the middle of an emergency.
The information about a wildfire can come from many sources: emergency push warnings from county emergency managers, texts and emails from the sheriff's department, social media posts from local, state and firefighting agencies, and websites like InciWeb, which map fire lines.
Mills, a Silicon Valley tech guy who lives in the wilderness of Sonoma County, experienced this chaos(混乱) of information after a near miss with 2020's Wallbridge Fire, in which 33 people were killed just in California. Mills realized that it was only a matter of time before the situation happened to him again. He decided that he would do something about it—by building an app that would integrate all these sources of wildfire information and make it easily available on smartphones. So he built Watch Duty in 80 days and it went live and had 50,000 users in a week.
The app started relatively small, tracking fires across just three Northern California counties, but in four years, it has grown to include the whole American West, Texas and Oklahoma.
The app contains many official sources of wildfire information. Still, its strength comes from a small army of volunteer contributors and reporters with firefighting, emergency service and media experience who watch wilderness camera live streams and listen in on(收听) firefighter radio communications in the field.
Volunteer Hancock explains that there are not many first responders, and an even smaller number who are capable of broadcasting those communications and warnings through social media or by other means. He points out that having another resource that reaches many in the community is lifesaving. With additional people to become part of their team, more can be contributed to keeping the community safe.
28.Why is it hard to get quick and accurate fire details
A.InciWeb doesn't map wildfires.
B.Few sources provide fire details.
C.Too many sources lead to confusion.
D.Local agencies ignore social media.
29.What does the underlined word “integrate” mean in paragraph 3
A.Search. B.Combine. C.Schedule. D.Connect.
30.What is the advantage of the app Watch Duty
A.Its rich official sources.
B.Its professional-only contributors.
C.Its nationwide coverage in America.
D.Its real-time data from volunteer networks.
31.Why does the author mention Hancock
A.To introduce lifesaving resources.
B.To advance the use of Watch Duty.
C.To call on more volunteers to join.
D.To discuss communication methods.
D
News about natural disasters, including volcanic eruptions, storms and earthquakes, is updated daily. Besides, global warming is causing heatwaves to become more frequent, pushing the limits of human survival in the hottest regions on Earth. Recent record-breaking temperatures in various parts of the world have highlighted(突出) the dangers caused by extreme heat and thrown light on the challenges that lie ahead.
When faced with extreme heat, the human body depends on its natural cooling mechanisms(机制) to keep a safe temperature. However, very high heat overpowers these mechanisms, putting human lives at risk. Research shows that the body's ability to cool through sweating begins to decrease at 35 ℃. Being in such conditions can put pressure on the heart and cause body temperatures to rise uncontrollably, creating the greatest risk to older people and those with diseases.
Recently, high temperatures have broken records across the globe. China experienced a historic high of nearly 126 °F. America reached 128 °F. The Middle East hit 152 °F, nearing the limit of what humans can stand.
These extreme heat events offer a look at the future, as global warming continues to push temperatures up. The frequency of dangerously high temperatures has more than doubled since 1979, according to research in 2020.
The seriousness and widespread nature of ongoing heatwaves highlight the fact that climate change is a global problem with far-reaching effects. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels(化石燃料), have greatly contributed to the rise in heat-trapping greenhouse gases, leading to more heatwaves and other extreme weather events. It is high time to cut down on greenhouse gases and choose cleaner renewable energy sources. International cooperation and leadership are necessary for reducing the effects of climate change on our planet and protecting the well-being of future generations.
32.What is the text mainly about
A.The danger of global warming.
B.The causes of natural disasters.
C.The introduction of the hottest regions on Earth.
D.The exploration of the rising heat's effects on humans.
33.What does the research find about humans' sweating
A.It controls the cooling mechanisms.
B.It becomes less effective at 35℃.
C.It increases heart efficiency in the heat.
D.It improves cooling in all conditions.
34.What is the data in paragraph 3 about
A.Temperature limits that humans can stand.
B.The high temperatures three regions can stand.
C.Global average temperatures at different time periods.
D.Record-breaking temperatures in specific regions.
35.What is the author's main purpose in writing the last paragraph
A.To call for stopping using fossil fuels.
B.To call for caring about the future generations.
C.To call for cutting down on cleaner renewable energy.
D.To call for working internationally to address climate change.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tsunamis, damaged buildings and damaged power lines are just a few of the dangers you might face after an earthquake. 36
Go inland and seek higher ground.
In some cases, earthquakes can cause tsunamis in areas along the coast. These can happen minutes to hours after a strong earthquake. 37 Get to higher ground as far inland as possible. Be careful of nearby damaged buildings.
Do not enter a damaged building.
Earthquakes can damage buildings and make them unsafe. Wait until the local authorities tell you it is safe to go inside. Leave your home or building if you hear the sound of something shifting or unusual noises. 38
Inspect your home for damage.
Carefully check your home's walls, floors, doors, windows and staircases for damage. 39 Check gas, electrical and water lines for damage. If you smell gas or see a broken line, shut off the main valve(阀门) from the outside. Sparks from electrical switches could ignite leaking gas, causing an explosion.
40
During and after an earthquake, it is natural to experience different strong emotions. Coping with these feelings and getting help when you need it will help recover from a disaster. Connect with family members, friends and others in your community. Take care of yourself and each other and know when and how to seek help.
A.Stay connected and informed.
B.Take care of your emotional health.
C.Strange noises could mean the building is about to fall.
D.Keep a fire extinguisher handy, and make sure your family knows how to use it.
E.If you see structural damage, you may need to relocate to a shelter or another safe location.
F.If you hear an official tsunami warning or notice signs of a tsunami, evacuate immediately.
G.Keep yourself safe after an earthquake by carefully following the recommendations below.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When Hurricane Laura 41 the city of Lake Charles, an evacuation was ordered. But for the 19 newborn babies, leaving was pretty much 42 . Members at the hospital were 43 that they'd remain with them until the danger passed.
With the strong wind through the town, Dr. Juan Bossano with 14 nurses, and some other 44 stayed behind in the NICU, 45 their little babies in turn. Later, for their safety, they sent the babies to their main campus across the 46 in under two hours. The whole hospital went all out to make sure the babies and everything necessary safely made the 47 .
Unfortunately, during the night the air conditioning was 48 out and water was cut off in the hospital. Throughout the hurricane, Dr. Bossano kept anxious parents calm by frequent 49 on his Facebook page.
The storm over, the babies were sent to other NICUs where necessary services hadn't been 50 by the hurricane. “This morning, the babies were 51 . Thank goodness, I finally got a couple of hours of 52 ,” said Bossano. It's important to know the devotion of all the nurses and doctors to keeping taking care of the babies when they didn't even know the 53 of their homes. “In a small town like this, people have to 54 . I'm proud of them,” Bossano 55 .
41.A.arrived B.left C.hit D.beat
42.A.impossible B.necessary C.important D.suitable
43.A.frightened B.worried C.annoyed D.determined
44.A.soldiers B.parents C.doctors D.friends
45.A.looking for B.caring for
C.asking for D.waiting for
46.A.city B.country C.school D.university
47.A.way B.trip C.day D.plan
48.A.knocked B.turned C.checked D.called
49.A.tips B.titles C.topics D.posts
50.A.applied B.trapped C.suffered D.affected
51.A.dangerous B.safe C.awake D.calm
52.A.sleep B.focus
C.energy D.entertainment
53.A.content B.design C.condition D.impression
54.A.put together B.live together
C.pull together D.get together
55.A.admired B.added C.introduced D.advanced
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was about 8 years old. And my brother and I were outside 56 (calm) doing gardening work. It was 57 cloudy mid-summer day but suddenly the sky got very dark and everything felt “still”.
I looked over at my brother 58 eyes were fixed on the sky. He appeared surprised at and frightened of the sudden change. Then, I 59 (hear) my mom shouting, “Tornado!” I looked back and she was running towards us and anxiously ordered us 60 (come) inside.
Once inside, my mom had us hide under the big table in the dining room. And to keep us 61 fear, she played our favorite Halloween songs. Soon, the terrible, loud noise from the 62 (power) tornado seemed to drown out(压过) all other sounds. I watched the roof flying past our big front window, and kept 63 (think) I was going to die.
And then, just as suddenly as it had arrived, the tornado was gone. We went outside and found the houses on either side of ours were in 64 (ruin). And trees had been destroyed. We 65 (shock) by the scene(场面). We rushed to rescue the trapped neighbors.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
昨天A市(A City)发生了严重洪灾,人、建筑物、汽车被大水冲走,损失惨重。请根据下面提供的信息,为某英语报社写一篇80词左右的新闻报道,报道的标题已给出。内容包括:
1.受灾情况:如人员伤亡(多达50人死亡,数百人受伤);很多建筑物损毁;供水、供电中断等;
2.救援人员:军队、医务人员等;
3.赈灾措施:运送生活物资;人们捐款等。
注意:标题和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
A Terrible Flood
With a large donation and joint efforts of all the people, it is believed that A City will revive itself and get back on its feet soon.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
For my family, a vacation in Penang is a yearly event. My mother and father were raised in Penang, so they loved Penang cuisine. Each December, we'd go to the island and take a three-day tour of their favorite places for meals.
That year we began the trip to the north on a Friday morning. It took us six hours to arrive at our destination. We always stayed at a hotel in Batu Ferringhi. The beach was only a few steps away from the hotel, and our rooms had a beautiful ocean view. We spent our first night playing on the beach. Then, we went back to the hotel rooms and started playing games. My parents had a rule for our holidays that we should spend time doing something together. There was no television or network.
We reached Bukit Bendera the following day, and then wandered around the mountain for the rest of the afternoon, visiting our favorite shops. We were drinking tea in a cafe when we heard someone talking about an earthquake off Sumatra, an Indonesian island. After we returned to our hotel, we left for the beach. We went for a stroll on the beach, collecting shells along the way. When I looked up, I could see that the sunlight was more brilliant than I had imagined. Far away, I could see a big tree shaking under the sunlight. We didn't think anything terrible was going to happen. All of a sudden, I realized something strange. It was as if the sea were moving away from the coast. I called my dad to check out this strange event. My dad took a look and his face went pale. In the distance we could see a gray line approaching the coast. It seemed to grow taller within seconds.
注意:续写词数应为 150个左右。
My dad shouted at us to hurry back to the hotel.
We waited a long time before going downstairs.
答案全解全析
1.A 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.A
9.B 10.C 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.C
17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.A 22.D 23.C 24.C
25.D 26.D 27.A 28.C 29.B 30.D 31.C 32.D
33.B 34.D 35.D 36.G 37.F 38.C 39.E 40.B
41.C 42.A 43.D 44.C 45.B 46.A 47.B 48.A
49.D 50.D 51.B 52.A 53.C 54.C 55.B
56.calmly 57.a 58.whose 59.heard 60.to come 61.from 62.powerful 63.thinking 64.ruins 65.were shocked
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上四次自然灾害的相关情况。
21.A 细节理解题。根据The Yangtze River Flood 部分中的“about 3.7 million people died in this disaster”可知,在这次灾难中约有370万人丧生;根据Typhoon Nina部分中的“According to reports, at least 26,000 people died in the floods. About 145,000 people died from diseases caused by water pollution and famine.”可知,洪水造成至少26,000人死亡,水污染和饥荒造成大约145,000人死亡;根据The Kashmir Earthquake部分中的“At least 73,000 people were killed”可知,至少有73,000人在地震中丧生;根据The Haiti Earthquake部分中的“estimates suggest that about 200,000—300,000 people died”可知,地震中有20万至30万人丧生。综合以上信息可知,在以上四次自然灾害中,导致死亡人数最多的应是长江洪水。故选A。
22.D 细节理解题。根据The Kashmir Earthquake 部分中的“The seriousness of the damage and the high number of deaths were worsened by poor constructions in the affected areas.”可知,劣质的建筑物使得克什米尔的情况更加糟糕。故选D。
23.C 细节理解题。根据The Haiti Earthquake部分中的“There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake”可知,海地地震造成的死亡人数一直存在争议。故选C。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了暴风雨袭击美国多地的情况。
24.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,美国国家气象局将旧金山北部地区的洪水预警延长到了周六,因为这些地区受到了本季最强天气现象的影响,这种天气现象在海洋上形成并流过陆地上空。因此,旧金山北部地区的洪水预警的原因是天空中的状况。故选C。
25.D 推理判断题。第五段列出了不同地区的降雨量数据,包括Santa Rosa、the Sonoma County Airport和Venado的降雨量。列出这些数据是为了表明降雨的严重程度。故选D。
26.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Alvarado的话“我们感到悲伤、害怕,但也准备好行动了”可推断,尽管情况严峻,但Alvarado和父亲已经准备好了提供帮助。故选D。
27.A 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了一场暴风雨给北加利福尼亚州和太平洋西北地区带来的影响,包括降雪、降雨、停电、树木倒塌、人员伤亡等情况,以及相关的应对措施,具有新闻报道的特点。故选A。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了获取野火信息的应用程序“Watch Duty”的开发与影响。
28.C 细节理解题。第一段最后一句提到,找到准确、具体和及时的信息可能具有挑战性,第二段讲了有关野火的信息可以有许多来源,结合第三段讲到的米尔斯在侥幸躲过2020年的火灾后,他经历了这种信息混乱可知,太多的信息来源导致了混乱。故选C。
29.B 词义猜测题。第三段第一句提到米尔斯经历了这种信息混乱,结合画线词前后的信息“He decided that he would do something about it...make it easily available on smartphones.”可推知,经历了信息混乱的米尔斯决定开发一个应用程序,目的是把混乱的野火信息整合起来。所以画线词表示“整合”,与combine意义相近。故选B。
30.D 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知,这款应用程序的优势在于其志愿者网络提供的实时数据。题干中的advantage与文中的strength为近义词。故选D。
31.C 推理判断题。根据第六段中志愿者汉考克解释的内容“一线应急响应人员并不多……如果有更多人加入他们的团队,就能为保持社区安全做出更多贡献”可推知,作者提到汉考克的目的是呼吁更多的志愿者参与。故选C。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球变暖导致的极端高温现象及其对人类的影响,呼吁国际社会共同努力应对气候变化。
32.D 主旨大意题。文章围绕极端高温展开,讲了极端高温对人体的影响、全球高温现象的未来趋势及应对措施,核心是探讨上升的温度对人类的影响。故选D。
33.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,研究发现,人体在 35℃时通过出汗降温的能力开始降低,即出汗在 35℃时效果变差。故选B。
34.D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容“最近,全球各地的高温打破纪录。中国经历了接近126°F的历史最高温。美国达到了128°F。中东地区达到了152°F,接近人类所能承受的极限”可推断,第三段给出的数据是一些特定地区打破纪录的高温。故选D。
35.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,国际合作和领导对于减少气候变化对地球的影响和保护子孙后代的福祉是必要的。由此可推断,作者写最后一段的主要目的是呼吁国际社会合作应对气候变化。故选D。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地震避险的一些知识及建议。
36.G 上文提到海啸、受损的建筑物和损坏的电线只是地震后你可能面临的危险因素中的一些。下文紧接着给出了一系列关于地震后如何保障安全的建议。G 项“通过仔细遵循以下建议,在地震后使自己保持安全状态”起到了承上启下的作用,符合语境。故选G。
37.F 上文讲到地震可能会引发海啸,海啸可能在强烈地震后的几分钟到几小时内发生。结合下句给出的建议“到地势较高的地方,越往内陆越好”可推知,F项“如果你听到官方海啸警报或注意到海啸的迹象,立即撤离”顺承上文继续讲海啸,同时与下文讲的往哪里撤离衔接,符合语境。故选F。
38.C 设空处上文讲到如果你听到东西移动的声音或不寻常的噪音,离开你的家或建筑物。C项“奇怪的声音可能意味着建筑物要倒了”衔接上文,符合语境。故选C。
39.E 上文说仔细检查你家的墙壁、地板、门、窗户和楼梯是否有损坏。E项“如果你看到结构损坏,你可能需要搬到避难所或另一个安全的地方”是在发现房屋有损坏的情况下的进一步处理措施,承接上文,符合语境,故选E。
40.B 设空处为本段小标题。根据本段开头提到的“地震期间和地震之后,(人们)自然会经历不同的强烈情绪”可推知,本段主要讲的是地震带来的情绪问题,所以B项“照顾你的情绪健康”符合语境。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了飓风劳拉袭击莱克查尔斯市时,在民众都撤离的情况下,医院的医护人员照顾19个无法离开的新生儿的故事,体现了医护人员的奉献精神。
41.C 自然灾害“袭击、侵袭”某个地方时,常用动词hit。故选C。
42.A 根据本句中的But可知,该句和上一句构成转折关系。由此推知,人们撤离时,19个新生儿无法离开。故选A。
43.D 根据“they'd remain with them until the danger passed”可知,19个新生儿不可能离开,医院的工作人员决定陪在这些孩子身边。故选D。
44.C 根据上一段中的“Members at the hospital were 43 that they'd remain with them”可知,陪伴孩子的是医院里的医生。故选C。
45.B 根据常识,此处指医生和护士照顾新生儿。最后一段中的“taking care of the babies”也是提示。故选B。
46.A 根据第一段中的“the city of Lake Charles”可知,Lake Charles是个城市。因此该处指他们在不到两小时的时间里穿过城市把孩子们送到了主院区。故选A。
47.B 将婴儿们送到主院区是一次“旅行”。故选B。
48.A 根据“Unfortunately”和“water was cut off”可以推知,空调被破坏了,不运转了。knock out意为“破坏”。故选A。
49.D 根据空后的“his Facebook page”可知,博萨诺医生在他的脸书页面上发帖安慰那些焦虑的父母。故选D。
50.D 暴风雨停了,婴儿们被送到其他必要的服务没有受到飓风影响的新生儿重症监护病房。故选D。
51.B 根据后面的“Thank goodness”可知,此处指今天早上,婴儿们都安全了。故选B。
52.A 此处指谢天谢地,“我”终于可以睡几个小时了。飓风过去了,婴儿们安然无恙,照看他们的医生终于可以睡觉了。故选A。
53.C 此处指了解所有护士和医生的奉献精神是很重要的,当他们甚至不知道自己家的情况时,他们一直在照顾这些婴儿。故选C。
54.C 此处指在这样的小镇上,人们必须团结一致。故选C。
55.B 此处是博萨诺补充的话。admire钦佩;add补充说;introduce介绍,引进;advance前进。故选B。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候遭遇龙卷风的经历。
56.calmly 考查副词。设空处修饰现在分词doing,作状语,用副词形式。故填calmly。
57.a 考查冠词。设空处修饰可数名词单数day,表示泛指,意为“一,一个”,cloudy以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。
58.whose 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作定语,表示“我弟弟的”,故填关系代词whose。
59.heard 考查时态。设空处为本句谓语,整篇文章都在讲述过去发生的事情,本句时态应为一般过去时。故填heard。
60.to come 考查不定式。order sb. to do sth.意为“命令某人做某事”。故填to come。
61.from 考查介词。keep sb. from...意为“保护某人免受……”。故填from。
62.powerful 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词tornado,作定语,用形容词形式。故填powerful。
63.thinking 考查动名词。keep doing sth.意为“不断/一直做某事”。故填thinking。
64.ruins 考查名词复数。句意:我们走出去,发现我们的房子两边的房屋都成了废墟。in ruins意为“成为废墟;严重受损;破败不堪”。故填ruins。
65.were shocked 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为本句谓语,根据语境可知,应用一般过去时;主语是复数We,与提示词shock之间为被动关系,故填were shocked。
第四部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
A Terrible Flood
A terrible flood hit A City yesterday, causing great damage. The number of deaths stood at 50 and hundreds of people were injured. Numerous buildings and roads were in ruins, leaving a great many citizens homeless. Food was hard to get and the water and electricity supply was cut off.
Soon after the flood, rescue workers, including medical teams and troops, were quickly organized and sent to the disaster-hit area. Fresh water and food were transported to the area. People donated money voluntarily. Volunteers from around the country came to aid in the disaster relief work.
With a large donation and joint efforts of all the people, it is believed that A City will revive itself and get back on its feet soon.
第二节
One possible version:
My dad shouted at us to hurry back to the hotel. He held my arm and dragged me along. As we got to the gate of the hotel, we heard a noise coming from behind. My father urged us to hide upstairs. We were in a state of terror, and as we got to the second level, we could hear the roar of running water. My dad was screaming at us to go up. On the fourth level we paused, staring at the water beneath. It stopped growing. A few minutes later, it started to fall.
We waited a long time before going downstairs. As soon as the running water stopped, we could see the unrecognizable gate of the hotel. The hotel was filled with mud and destroyed furniture. There were also some people who fell into the water and fainted or cried out in pain. What we saw weakened our hearts, so we decided to assist the victims after a narrow escape. Never had I had such a thrilling but dangerous vacation before. The special visit to Penang left a deep impression on me.
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