2026人教版高中英语必修第一册练习--UNIT 4 Part 1 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking（含答案与解析）
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2026人教版高中英语必修第一册
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Part 1 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Burying himself his study, he didn't know that all the others had left.
2.They got lost in the forest and couldn't find a place to shelter themselves the wind and rain.
3.(2025广东深圳期中)I was frightened to (die)when I caught sight of a snake in the distance.
4.People with weak control power are likely to be trapped buying useless goods by the webcast(网络直播).
5.(2024新课标Ⅰ)He became interested in alternative treatments(替代疗法) 20 years ago when he suffered terrible back pain.
6.(易错题)(2023全国甲)For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) to teach a lesson or to pass on (wise).
7.The light is too weak (cause) any damage people's eyes.
8.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good (breathe).
9.(易错题)Now the number of people learning first aid (increase) rapidly.
10.It shocked the athlete that the medal he won in the championship was lost.
Ⅱ.选词填空(其中有一项多余)
in shock;make an effort to;come to an end;nothing but;dig out;in ruins;as if;a flood of;come to one's rescue
A terrible earthquake hit this area. Millions of buildings lay 1. . People there were 2. because it seemed 3. life would 4. .Thankfully, the soldiers 5. . Many survivors were 6. and 7. supplies were delivered to the disaster area. People there saw hope and 8. rebuild their home.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.(2023全国乙写作)为了有一个健康的饮食,我开始学习如何包饺子。(effort)
, I set out to learn how to make dumplings.
2.她的头发越发灰白了,就像盖上了霜和雪。(as if)
Her hair grew greyer and greyer, and it seemed frost and snow.(读后续写—外貌描写)
3.The two countries are at war and the shelters are not big enough to accommodate all the children.(句型转换)
→The two countries are at war and the shelters are all the children.(too...to...)
→The two countries are at war and the shelters are all the children.(so...that...)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the village wells 1 (rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 2 (eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 3 seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 4 whole city lay in ruins—almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people there died or got 5 (injure). People were 6 (shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 7 (wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those 8 were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 9 (survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe again. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was 10 (final) built on the earthquake ruins.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025广东江门期中)
As far as I know, the heavy storm was one of the worst events of the city. It struck the western part of the city last night. The wind speed reached eighty kilometres per hour. The storm caused serious damage 1 at least two hundred homes. A great number of people 2 (leave) homeless after the 3 (roof) of the houses were swept away. Scenes of the disaster could be seen everywhere, which made people 4 (frighten).
In Main Street, the city park was flooded completely. Many cars were destroyed completely by floodwater. One car 5 (own) without full insurance(保险) burst out 6 (cry). Some cars were carried across the parking area 7 thrown into storm-water drains. In another block, a tree fell on a bus 8 was taking some football players to a game. 9 (lucky), no one on the bus got injured.
It was pleasing that the storm was finally at 10 end after doing extreme damage.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024浙江宁波月考)
Nobody expects a natural disaster to strike. Neither does anyone know the effect it can have on life. The following measures can save your life in an emergency.
Typhoon
Typhoons happen in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, particularly in exposed regions like the Caroline Islands, the Philippines, and Japan. The best place to hide during a typhoon is a secure basement or a bathroom with no windows. A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio, through which you will hear evacuation orders or in other cases, instructions on how to survive in your shelter and learn about the weather situation.
Flood
Floods happen more often than any other natural disaster and change the landform dramatically. They are usually caused by heavy rain lasting for days. Don't try to be the bravest person around and stay in your house. Once you hear the evacuation warning, leave for safer higher grounds with your important papers in a waterproof container.
Avalanche(雪崩)
An avalanche can hit when you are enjoying Alpine skiing in a dreamlike location. It is very fast and disastrous, burying everything in its way under tons of snow. When an avalanche starts, try to move to the side of the slope as fast as you can. If you get buried in the snow, dig an air pocket to be able to keep breathing. Wait for the rescue team to find you and don't waste your energy shouting or digging frantically. Call out when you hear the team approaching.
Wildfire
Wildfires spread at an amazing speed and destroy everything in their way. If you are trapped in a wildfire, use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you can breathe. Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times and get close to a pond or river. Stay low and cover yourself with wet clothing or a blanket of soil until the fire passes.
1.What should those caught in the flood do when they hear the evacuation orders
A.Bring an umbrella with them. B.Go to higher places.
C.Call out for help. D.Get a torch in reaction to a blackout.
2.Among the four natural disasters, which one requires people to run against the wind
A.The typhoon. B.The flood.
C.The avalanche. D.The wildfire.
3.What do we know from the text
A.Floods cause the most frequent damage among the disasters mentioned.
B.Getting clean air matters most in case of wildfires, despite the difficulty.
C.Typhoons happen only in the exposed regions in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
D.Those who meet with avalanches are advised to call out the minute they're trapped.
B
(2025山东济宁期中)
Once upon a time in the small coastal town of Havenbrook, life was peaceful and happy. The town's residents(居民) enjoyed the beauty of the ocean and the quiet of their homes. However, one fateful day, their peaceful life was turned upside down by a destructive natural disaster.
The morning started like any other. The sun rose, casting its golden rays over the town. People woke up, prepared for their daily routine, and went about their business. Little did they know that a storm was brewing far out on the ocean. As the day progressed, the sky began to darken, and the wind started to pick up. By afternoon, Havenbrook was in the control of a powerful hurricane.
The hurricane's fierce winds tore through the town, cutting roofs into pieces and overturning trees. The ocean, whipped into a frenzy by the storm, washed in huge waves into the town, flooding streets and homes. Residents, caught unprepared, hurried to find shelter. Many were trapped in their homes, waiting in terror as the water rose higher and higher. It seemed as if the world were at an end.
The town's emergency services worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger. They used boats to navigate through the flooded streets and mothered people to safety. However, the storm was so powerful that even their efforts were limited. Many homes were completely destroyed, and lives were lost. The once-thriving town was now a scene of ruin and despair(绝望).
After the hurricane, Havenbrook's residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their life. They worked together, pooling their resources and skills, to rebuild their homes and community. Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to speed up the recovery(恢复) process. Slowly but surely, Havenbrook began to rise from the ruins.
4.What can we know from the first two paragraphs
A.The residents sensed the coming storm.
B.The residents were unprepared for daily life.
C.The residents often experienced natural disasters.
D.The residents led a peaceful life before the disaster.
5.What's the main idea of Paragraph 3
A.The residents started rescue work.
B.The residents left their homes hopefully.
C.The hurricane arrived without any warning.
D.The hurricane caused severe damage and fear.
6.How did the town's emergency services respond to the disaster
A.They sent people to safety using boats.
B.They rescued the mothers first by boat.
C.They waited for the storm to pass before taking any action.
D.They were unable to reach the affected areas due to the storm.
7.What does the underlined word “arduous” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Difficult. B.Merry. C.Effortless. D.Annoying.
答案与分层梯度式解析
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.in 考查介词。bury oneself in...表示“专心致志于……”,故填介词in。此处现在分词短语作原因状语。句意:他埋头学习,不知道其他人都走了。
2.from 考查介词。shelter...from...意为“保护……免受……”。句意:他们在森林里迷路了,找不到遮风避雨的地方。
3.death 考查名词。be frightened to death意为“吓得要死”。故填名词death。
4.into 考查介词。句意:控制力弱的人很可能被网络直播诱骗购买没用的商品。trap sb. into doing sth.意为“诱骗某人做某事”,这里是被动语态 be trapped into doing sth.。故填into。
5.from 考查介词。suffer from后接表示疾病的名词,表示“患……病”。故填from。句意:20年前,当他患上严重的背痛病时,他对替代疗法产生了兴趣。
6.wisdom 考查名词。根据空前的pass on 可知设空处应该填名词,wise的名词形式为wisdom,意为“智慧”,为不可数名词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授经验或传递智慧。
易错归因
本题易误填wisedom,原因在于对wise的名词变形不熟悉,wise的名词形式需要特殊记忆,不能直接加-dom,而要去e加-dom。
7.to cause;to 考查too...to...结构及damage的固定搭配。句意:这种光太弱了,对人的眼睛产生不了什么伤害。too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”;cause damage to...意为“对……造成伤害”。故第一空填不定式to cause,第二空填介词to。
8.to breathe 考查不定式。句意:在夏天我喜欢早早起床。早晨的空气呼吸起来很好。本句是“sth.+be+adj.+to do”句式,形容词表示的是不定式的性质,且不定式的逻辑宾语为句子的主语(The morning air),这时不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to breathe。
9.is increasing 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,主语为“the number of people”,谓语动词需用单数形式;结合开头的Now可知此处表示“现在学习急救的人的数量正在快速增加”,需用现在进行时,故填is increasing。
易错归因
本题学生易在主谓一致方面犯错误,受前面集合名词people的影响认为谓语动词用复数。the number of意为“……的数量”,其后跟表示复数意义的词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
10.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:这位运动员在锦标赛中赢得的奖牌丢失了,这让他感到震惊。设空处无提示词,结合语境可知空前的名词medal为空后的谓语won的宾语,所以设空处引导定语从句,先行词为medal,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语,故填that或which。
Ⅱ.1.in ruins 2.in shock 3.as if 4.come to an end 5.came to their rescue 6.dug out 7.a flood of 8.made an effort to
Ⅲ.1.In an effort to have a healthy diet 2.as if it were covered with 3.too small to accommodate;so small that they can't accommodate
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.rose 考查动词的时态。根据上一句中的before the Tangshan earthquake可知,此处讲的是唐山大地震前的情况,为过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,故填rose。
2.to eat 考查不定式。句意:鸡和猪都紧张得吃不下东西。too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”,故此处需填不定式作结果状语。故填to eat。
3.It 考查代词。It seems/seemed as if...表示“似乎/好像……”。故填It。句意:好像世界末日就要到了!
4.the 考查冠词。句意:不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟……。此处特指唐山这个城市,需要在whole前加定冠词the。
5.injured 考查过去分词。get injured意为“受伤”。故填injured。
6.shocked 考查形容词。主语为People,设空处作表语,故用形容词shocked。be shocked at...意为“对……感到震惊”。
7.wondering 考查现在分词。句意:人们深陷困境,想知道这场灾难要持续多久。设空处前面已有谓语got into,且逗号后无连词,故设空处应为非谓语动词。wonder与其逻辑主语People之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。
8.who/that 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为代词those,“ 8 were trapped”中缺主语(设空处后面为谓语),且将前面的those作为主语代入后面意思合理,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在从句中充当主语,指代先行词those,指人,故填who或that。
9.survivors 考查名词复数。survivor意为“幸存者”,为可数名词,空前没有限定词,所以用复数形式。故填survivors。
10.finally 考查副词。设空处位于谓语中间,提示词是形容词,所以用副词作状语,故填finally。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一场暴风雨对一座城市造成的破坏。
【高频词汇】 1.as far as I know据我所知 2.scene n.场面,情景 3.burst out...突然……起来 4.injure v.使受伤 5.extreme adj.极大的;严重的
1.to 考查介词。cause damage to...为固定搭配,表示“对……造成损害”。故填to。
2.were left 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。提示词leave在句中意为“使……处于某种状态”,空前为主语,所以设空处为谓语,根据该空后面的“were swept away”可知这里讲的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。people与leave之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,“a number of+表示复数意义的词”作主语时,谓语动词应用复数。故填were left。
3.roofs 考查名词复数。根据后面的“of the houses”以及were可知设空处应用复数形式。故填roofs。
易错归因
本题roof的复数易写成rooves,因为一般情况下,以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词变复数时,要改“f/fe”为“v”再加“es”,比如“leaf—leaves”“knife—knives”。但“roof”是个例外,它变复数时直接加“s”,即“roofs”。
类比启发
像roof这样以“f”结尾,变复数时直接加“s”的名词还有:
belief(信念;信仰)→beliefs
chief(首领;长官)→chiefs
cliff(悬崖;峭壁)→cliffs
proof(证据;证明)→proofs
4.frightened 考查形容词。句意:到处可见灾难的场景,这使人们感到恐惧。设空处在which引导的定语从句中构成“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语为people,所以宾语补足语表达人们的心理感受,表示“感到恐惧的”。故填frightened。
5.owner 考查名词。句意:一位没有上全险的车主突然哭了起来。car owner表示“车主”。故填名词owner。
6.crying 考查动名词。burst out crying为固定搭配,表示“突然大哭起来”。故填crying。
7.and 考查连词。句意:一些汽车被拖到停车场的另一边,然后被扔进了雨水排水管道。“were carried across the parking area”和“(were)thrown into storm-water drains”是接连发生的两个动作,为顺承关系。故填and。
8.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空后的was taking some football players to a game的主语是前面的bus,所以设空处引导定语从句,关系词指代先行词bus并在从句中作主语,故用关系代词that或which。句意:在另一个街区,一棵树倒在了一辆正载着一些足球运动员前往比赛的公交车上。
9.Luckily 考查副词。设空处在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,且位于句首,首字母大写。故填Luckily。句意:幸运的是,公交车上没有人受伤。
10.an 考查冠词。at an end意为“结束”。故填不定冠词an。句意:令人高兴的是,这场造成了巨大破坏的暴风雨终于结束了。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在遇到自然灾害时如何挽救自己的生命。
【高频词汇】 1.exposed adj.无遮蔽的 2.secure adj.安全的;可靠的;牢固的 3.device n.装置,设备,仪器
4.dramatically adv.剧烈地 5.approach v.靠近,接近
6.ensure v.确保,保证
【熟词生义】 blanket 熟义:n.毯子 生义:n.覆盖层
【差距词汇】 1.waterproof adj.防水的;耐水的
2.frantically adv.拼命地;手忙脚乱地
1.B 细节理解题。根据Flood部分中的“Once you hear the evacuation warning, leave for safer higher grounds”可知,遇到洪水时,一旦听到疏散警告,要转移到更安全的高地。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据Wildfire部分中的“Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times”可知,在遇到野火时需要逆风跑。故选D。
学科思维
本题的关键在于理解文中upwind的意思,考生要学会用拆分的方法尝试着理解词义。up(向上)与wind(风)组合,即“向风的上方”,也就是“逆风”,与题干中的“against the wind”呼应。
3.A 细节理解题。根据Flood部分中的“Floods happen more often than any other natural disaster”可知,洪水比其他自然灾害发生得更频繁,所以A选项“在提到的灾害中,洪水造成的破坏最为频繁”与原文信息相符。
易错归因
本题易误选B项。根据Wildfire部分中的“use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you can breathe”可知,在遇到野火时,重要的是保证能够呼吸,而B项的“获得干净的空气”属于更高层次的要求,原文并未提及。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述沿海小镇 Havenbrook 遭受飓风袭击前后的变化,展现了灾难的破坏力以及人们在面对灾难时的坚韧和团结。
【高频词汇】 1.once upon a time从前 2.upside down颠倒;倒转;翻转 3.cast v.投射 4.in the control of 在……的控制下 5.in terror惊恐地 6.speed up(使) 加速 7.respond to对……做出反应
【熟词生义】 1.quiet 熟义:adj.安静的;轻声的 生义:n.宁静;安静 2.progress 熟义:n.& v.进展;进步 生义:v.(时间)流逝;推移 3.pick up 熟义:捡起;拿起 生义:(风)变强 4.wash 熟义:v.洗 生义:v.(向着某一方向)流动;冲向 5.mother 熟义:n.母亲 生义:v.像母亲般照管 6.pool 熟义:n.池塘 生义:v.共用,合伙使用
【差距词汇】 1.fateful adj.对未来有重大影响的;灾难的 2.brew v.酝酿,即将来临 3.whip v.驱使,促使
4.frenzy n.狂暴,狂乱 5.navigate v.沿所需航线航行
4.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“life was peaceful and happy”和“The town's residents enjoyed...the quiet of their homes.”可知,灾害发生前,居民过着平静的生活。故选D。
5.D 主旨大意题。根据第三段的描述“飓风的狂风席卷了整个小镇,将屋顶撕成碎片,把树木连根拔起。大海在暴风雨的肆虐下变得狂躁不安,巨大的海浪涌入小镇,淹没了街道和房屋。毫无防备的居民赶忙寻找栖身之地。许多人被困在家中,随着水位越来越高,他们惊恐地等待着”可知该段主要讲了飓风给小镇带来的严重破坏和恐惧。故选D。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句中的“worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger”“used boats”“mothered people to safety”可知,小镇的应急服务机构使用船只将人们护送到安全地带。故选A。
7.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“After the hurricane, Havenbrook's residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their life.”可知,画线词描述的是人们灾后重建家园的工作,根据后文对重建工作的描述“They worked together, pooling their resources and skills...Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to...”以及最后一句中的Slowly可知,重建工作是一项艰巨且进展缓慢的任务。由此推知,画线词表示“艰难的”,与A项的difficult为同义词。故选A。B.愉快的;C.容易的;D.使烦恼的。
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2026人教版高中英语必修第一册
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Part 1 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Burying himself his study, he didn't know that all the others had left.
2.They got lost in the forest and couldn't find a place to shelter themselves the wind and rain.
3.(2025广东深圳期中)I was frightened to (die)when I caught sight of a snake in the distance.
4.People with weak control power are likely to be trapped buying useless goods by the webcast(网络直播).
5.(2024新课标Ⅰ)He became interested in alternative treatments(替代疗法) 20 years ago when he suffered terrible back pain.
6.(易错题)(2023全国甲)For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) to teach a lesson or to pass on (wise).
7.The light is too weak (cause) any damage people's eyes.
8.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good (breathe).
9.(易错题)Now the number of people learning first aid (increase) rapidly.
10.It shocked the athlete that the medal he won in the championship was lost.
Ⅱ.选词填空(其中有一项多余)
in shock;make an effort to;come to an end;nothing but;dig out;in ruins;as if;a flood of;come to one's rescue
A terrible earthquake hit this area. Millions of buildings lay 1. . People there were 2. because it seemed 3. life would 4. .Thankfully, the soldiers 5. . Many survivors were 6. and 7. supplies were delivered to the disaster area. People there saw hope and 8. rebuild their home.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.(2023全国乙写作)为了有一个健康的饮食,我开始学习如何包饺子。(effort)
, I set out to learn how to make dumplings.
2.她的头发越发灰白了,就像盖上了霜和雪。(as if)
Her hair grew greyer and greyer, and it seemed frost and snow.(读后续写—外貌描写)
3.The two countries are at war and the shelters are not big enough to accommodate all the children.(句型转换)
→The two countries are at war and the shelters are all the children.(too...to...)
→The two countries are at war and the shelters are all the children.(so...that...)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the village wells 1 (rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 2 (eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 3 seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 4 whole city lay in ruins—almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people there died or got 5 (injure). People were 6 (shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 7 (wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those 8 were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 9 (survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe again. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was 10 (final) built on the earthquake ruins.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025广东江门期中)
As far as I know, the heavy storm was one of the worst events of the city. It struck the western part of the city last night. The wind speed reached eighty kilometres per hour. The storm caused serious damage 1 at least two hundred homes. A great number of people 2 (leave) homeless after the 3 (roof) of the houses were swept away. Scenes of the disaster could be seen everywhere, which made people 4 (frighten).
In Main Street, the city park was flooded completely. Many cars were destroyed completely by floodwater. One car 5 (own) without full insurance(保险) burst out 6 (cry). Some cars were carried across the parking area 7 thrown into storm-water drains. In another block, a tree fell on a bus 8 was taking some football players to a game. 9 (lucky), no one on the bus got injured.
It was pleasing that the storm was finally at 10 end after doing extreme damage.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024浙江宁波月考)
Nobody expects a natural disaster to strike. Neither does anyone know the effect it can have on life. The following measures can save your life in an emergency.
Typhoon
Typhoons happen in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, particularly in exposed regions like the Caroline Islands, the Philippines, and Japan. The best place to hide during a typhoon is a secure basement or a bathroom with no windows. A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio, through which you will hear evacuation orders or in other cases, instructions on how to survive in your shelter and learn about the weather situation.
Flood
Floods happen more often than any other natural disaster and change the landform dramatically. They are usually caused by heavy rain lasting for days. Don't try to be the bravest person around and stay in your house. Once you hear the evacuation warning, leave for safer higher grounds with your important papers in a waterproof container.
Avalanche(雪崩)
An avalanche can hit when you are enjoying Alpine skiing in a dreamlike location. It is very fast and disastrous, burying everything in its way under tons of snow. When an avalanche starts, try to move to the side of the slope as fast as you can. If you get buried in the snow, dig an air pocket to be able to keep breathing. Wait for the rescue team to find you and don't waste your energy shouting or digging frantically. Call out when you hear the team approaching.
Wildfire
Wildfires spread at an amazing speed and destroy everything in their way. If you are trapped in a wildfire, use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you can breathe. Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times and get close to a pond or river. Stay low and cover yourself with wet clothing or a blanket of soil until the fire passes.
1.What should those caught in the flood do when they hear the evacuation orders
A.Bring an umbrella with them. B.Go to higher places.
C.Call out for help. D.Get a torch in reaction to a blackout.
2.Among the four natural disasters, which one requires people to run against the wind
A.The typhoon. B.The flood.
C.The avalanche. D.The wildfire.
3.What do we know from the text
A.Floods cause the most frequent damage among the disasters mentioned.
B.Getting clean air matters most in case of wildfires, despite the difficulty.
C.Typhoons happen only in the exposed regions in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
D.Those who meet with avalanches are advised to call out the minute they're trapped.
B
(2025山东济宁期中)
Once upon a time in the small coastal town of Havenbrook, life was peaceful and happy. The town's residents(居民) enjoyed the beauty of the ocean and the quiet of their homes. However, one fateful day, their peaceful life was turned upside down by a destructive natural disaster.
The morning started like any other. The sun rose, casting its golden rays over the town. People woke up, prepared for their daily routine, and went about their business. Little did they know that a storm was brewing far out on the ocean. As the day progressed, the sky began to darken, and the wind started to pick up. By afternoon, Havenbrook was in the control of a powerful hurricane.
The hurricane's fierce winds tore through the town, cutting roofs into pieces and overturning trees. The ocean, whipped into a frenzy by the storm, washed in huge waves into the town, flooding streets and homes. Residents, caught unprepared, hurried to find shelter. Many were trapped in their homes, waiting in terror as the water rose higher and higher. It seemed as if the world were at an end.
The town's emergency services worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger. They used boats to navigate through the flooded streets and mothered people to safety. However, the storm was so powerful that even their efforts were limited. Many homes were completely destroyed, and lives were lost. The once-thriving town was now a scene of ruin and despair(绝望).
After the hurricane, Havenbrook's residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their life. They worked together, pooling their resources and skills, to rebuild their homes and community. Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to speed up the recovery(恢复) process. Slowly but surely, Havenbrook began to rise from the ruins.
4.What can we know from the first two paragraphs
A.The residents sensed the coming storm.
B.The residents were unprepared for daily life.
C.The residents often experienced natural disasters.
D.The residents led a peaceful life before the disaster.
5.What's the main idea of Paragraph 3
A.The residents started rescue work.
B.The residents left their homes hopefully.
C.The hurricane arrived without any warning.
D.The hurricane caused severe damage and fear.
6.How did the town's emergency services respond to the disaster
A.They sent people to safety using boats.
B.They rescued the mothers first by boat.
C.They waited for the storm to pass before taking any action.
D.They were unable to reach the affected areas due to the storm.
7.What does the underlined word “arduous” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Difficult. B.Merry. C.Effortless. D.Annoying.
答案与分层梯度式解析
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.in 考查介词。bury oneself in...表示“专心致志于……”,故填介词in。此处现在分词短语作原因状语。句意:他埋头学习,不知道其他人都走了。
2.from 考查介词。shelter...from...意为“保护……免受……”。句意:他们在森林里迷路了,找不到遮风避雨的地方。
3.death 考查名词。be frightened to death意为“吓得要死”。故填名词death。
4.into 考查介词。句意:控制力弱的人很可能被网络直播诱骗购买没用的商品。trap sb. into doing sth.意为“诱骗某人做某事”,这里是被动语态 be trapped into doing sth.。故填into。
5.from 考查介词。suffer from后接表示疾病的名词,表示“患……病”。故填from。句意:20年前,当他患上严重的背痛病时,他对替代疗法产生了兴趣。
6.wisdom 考查名词。根据空前的pass on 可知设空处应该填名词,wise的名词形式为wisdom,意为“智慧”,为不可数名词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授经验或传递智慧。
易错归因
本题易误填wisedom,原因在于对wise的名词变形不熟悉,wise的名词形式需要特殊记忆,不能直接加-dom,而要去e加-dom。
7.to cause;to 考查too...to...结构及damage的固定搭配。句意:这种光太弱了,对人的眼睛产生不了什么伤害。too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”;cause damage to...意为“对……造成伤害”。故第一空填不定式to cause,第二空填介词to。
8.to breathe 考查不定式。句意:在夏天我喜欢早早起床。早晨的空气呼吸起来很好。本句是“sth.+be+adj.+to do”句式,形容词表示的是不定式的性质,且不定式的逻辑宾语为句子的主语(The morning air),这时不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to breathe。
9.is increasing 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,主语为“the number of people”,谓语动词需用单数形式;结合开头的Now可知此处表示“现在学习急救的人的数量正在快速增加”,需用现在进行时,故填is increasing。
易错归因
本题学生易在主谓一致方面犯错误,受前面集合名词people的影响认为谓语动词用复数。the number of意为“……的数量”,其后跟表示复数意义的词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
10.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:这位运动员在锦标赛中赢得的奖牌丢失了,这让他感到震惊。设空处无提示词,结合语境可知空前的名词medal为空后的谓语won的宾语,所以设空处引导定语从句,先行词为medal,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语,故填that或which。
Ⅱ.1.in ruins 2.in shock 3.as if 4.come to an end 5.came to their rescue 6.dug out 7.a flood of 8.made an effort to
Ⅲ.1.In an effort to have a healthy diet 2.as if it were covered with 3.too small to accommodate;so small that they can't accommodate
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.rose 考查动词的时态。根据上一句中的before the Tangshan earthquake可知,此处讲的是唐山大地震前的情况,为过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,故填rose。
2.to eat 考查不定式。句意:鸡和猪都紧张得吃不下东西。too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”,故此处需填不定式作结果状语。故填to eat。
3.It 考查代词。It seems/seemed as if...表示“似乎/好像……”。故填It。句意:好像世界末日就要到了!
4.the 考查冠词。句意:不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟……。此处特指唐山这个城市,需要在whole前加定冠词the。
5.injured 考查过去分词。get injured意为“受伤”。故填injured。
6.shocked 考查形容词。主语为People,设空处作表语,故用形容词shocked。be shocked at...意为“对……感到震惊”。
7.wondering 考查现在分词。句意:人们深陷困境,想知道这场灾难要持续多久。设空处前面已有谓语got into,且逗号后无连词,故设空处应为非谓语动词。wonder与其逻辑主语People之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。
8.who/that 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为代词those,“ 8 were trapped”中缺主语(设空处后面为谓语),且将前面的those作为主语代入后面意思合理,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在从句中充当主语,指代先行词those,指人,故填who或that。
9.survivors 考查名词复数。survivor意为“幸存者”,为可数名词,空前没有限定词,所以用复数形式。故填survivors。
10.finally 考查副词。设空处位于谓语中间,提示词是形容词,所以用副词作状语,故填finally。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一场暴风雨对一座城市造成的破坏。
【高频词汇】 1.as far as I know据我所知 2.scene n.场面,情景 3.burst out...突然……起来 4.injure v.使受伤 5.extreme adj.极大的;严重的
1.to 考查介词。cause damage to...为固定搭配,表示“对……造成损害”。故填to。
2.were left 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。提示词leave在句中意为“使……处于某种状态”,空前为主语,所以设空处为谓语,根据该空后面的“were swept away”可知这里讲的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。people与leave之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,“a number of+表示复数意义的词”作主语时,谓语动词应用复数。故填were left。
3.roofs 考查名词复数。根据后面的“of the houses”以及were可知设空处应用复数形式。故填roofs。
易错归因
本题roof的复数易写成rooves,因为一般情况下,以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词变复数时,要改“f/fe”为“v”再加“es”,比如“leaf—leaves”“knife—knives”。但“roof”是个例外,它变复数时直接加“s”,即“roofs”。
类比启发
像roof这样以“f”结尾,变复数时直接加“s”的名词还有:
belief(信念;信仰)→beliefs
chief(首领;长官)→chiefs
cliff(悬崖;峭壁)→cliffs
proof(证据;证明)→proofs
4.frightened 考查形容词。句意:到处可见灾难的场景,这使人们感到恐惧。设空处在which引导的定语从句中构成“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语为people,所以宾语补足语表达人们的心理感受,表示“感到恐惧的”。故填frightened。
5.owner 考查名词。句意:一位没有上全险的车主突然哭了起来。car owner表示“车主”。故填名词owner。
6.crying 考查动名词。burst out crying为固定搭配,表示“突然大哭起来”。故填crying。
7.and 考查连词。句意:一些汽车被拖到停车场的另一边,然后被扔进了雨水排水管道。“were carried across the parking area”和“(were)thrown into storm-water drains”是接连发生的两个动作,为顺承关系。故填and。
8.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空后的was taking some football players to a game的主语是前面的bus,所以设空处引导定语从句,关系词指代先行词bus并在从句中作主语,故用关系代词that或which。句意:在另一个街区,一棵树倒在了一辆正载着一些足球运动员前往比赛的公交车上。
9.Luckily 考查副词。设空处在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,且位于句首,首字母大写。故填Luckily。句意:幸运的是,公交车上没有人受伤。
10.an 考查冠词。at an end意为“结束”。故填不定冠词an。句意:令人高兴的是,这场造成了巨大破坏的暴风雨终于结束了。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在遇到自然灾害时如何挽救自己的生命。
【高频词汇】 1.exposed adj.无遮蔽的 2.secure adj.安全的;可靠的;牢固的 3.device n.装置,设备,仪器
4.dramatically adv.剧烈地 5.approach v.靠近,接近
6.ensure v.确保,保证
【熟词生义】 blanket 熟义:n.毯子 生义:n.覆盖层
【差距词汇】 1.waterproof adj.防水的;耐水的
2.frantically adv.拼命地;手忙脚乱地
1.B 细节理解题。根据Flood部分中的“Once you hear the evacuation warning, leave for safer higher grounds”可知,遇到洪水时,一旦听到疏散警告,要转移到更安全的高地。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据Wildfire部分中的“Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times”可知,在遇到野火时需要逆风跑。故选D。
学科思维
本题的关键在于理解文中upwind的意思,考生要学会用拆分的方法尝试着理解词义。up(向上)与wind(风)组合,即“向风的上方”,也就是“逆风”,与题干中的“against the wind”呼应。
3.A 细节理解题。根据Flood部分中的“Floods happen more often than any other natural disaster”可知,洪水比其他自然灾害发生得更频繁,所以A选项“在提到的灾害中,洪水造成的破坏最为频繁”与原文信息相符。
易错归因
本题易误选B项。根据Wildfire部分中的“use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you can breathe”可知,在遇到野火时,重要的是保证能够呼吸,而B项的“获得干净的空气”属于更高层次的要求,原文并未提及。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述沿海小镇 Havenbrook 遭受飓风袭击前后的变化,展现了灾难的破坏力以及人们在面对灾难时的坚韧和团结。
【高频词汇】 1.once upon a time从前 2.upside down颠倒;倒转;翻转 3.cast v.投射 4.in the control of 在……的控制下 5.in terror惊恐地 6.speed up(使) 加速 7.respond to对……做出反应
【熟词生义】 1.quiet 熟义:adj.安静的;轻声的 生义:n.宁静;安静 2.progress 熟义:n.& v.进展;进步 生义:v.(时间)流逝;推移 3.pick up 熟义:捡起;拿起 生义:(风)变强 4.wash 熟义:v.洗 生义:v.(向着某一方向)流动;冲向 5.mother 熟义:n.母亲 生义:v.像母亲般照管 6.pool 熟义:n.池塘 生义:v.共用,合伙使用
【差距词汇】 1.fateful adj.对未来有重大影响的;灾难的 2.brew v.酝酿,即将来临 3.whip v.驱使,促使
4.frenzy n.狂暴,狂乱 5.navigate v.沿所需航线航行
4.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“life was peaceful and happy”和“The town's residents enjoyed...the quiet of their homes.”可知,灾害发生前,居民过着平静的生活。故选D。
5.D 主旨大意题。根据第三段的描述“飓风的狂风席卷了整个小镇,将屋顶撕成碎片,把树木连根拔起。大海在暴风雨的肆虐下变得狂躁不安,巨大的海浪涌入小镇,淹没了街道和房屋。毫无防备的居民赶忙寻找栖身之地。许多人被困在家中,随着水位越来越高,他们惊恐地等待着”可知该段主要讲了飓风给小镇带来的严重破坏和恐惧。故选D。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句中的“worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger”“used boats”“mothered people to safety”可知,小镇的应急服务机构使用船只将人们护送到安全地带。故选A。
7.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“After the hurricane, Havenbrook's residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their life.”可知,画线词描述的是人们灾后重建家园的工作,根据后文对重建工作的描述“They worked together, pooling their resources and skills...Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to...”以及最后一句中的Slowly可知,重建工作是一项艰巨且进展缓慢的任务。由此推知,画线词表示“艰难的”,与A项的difficult为同义词。故选A。B.愉快的;C.容易的;D.使烦恼的。
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