人教版2017高考英语单词总结及练习：必修1 Unit5 Nelson Mandel -- a modern hero（ 附答案）

人教版2017高考英语单词总结及练习：必修1Unit5（附答案）
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重点单词
A．写作单词
1．quality
(n.)品质；质量；性质
2．active
(adj.)积极的；活跃的
3．vote
(vt.)&
(vi.)投票；选举；(n.)投票；选票；表决
4．attack
(vt.)进攻；抨击；攻击
5．equal
(adj.)相等的；平等的
6．willing
(adj.)乐意的；自愿的
7．hopeful
(adj.)有希望的
8．escape
(vi.&
vt.)逃脱；逃走；泄露
9．beg
(vi.)请求；乞求
10．reward
(n.)报酬；奖金；(vt.)酬劳；奖赏
11．opinion
(n.)意见；看法；主张
12．devote
(vt.)献身；专心于
devoted
(adj.)忠实的；深爱的
13．peaceful
(adj.)和平的；平静的；安宁的
peace
(n.)和平
14．legal
(adj.)法律的；依照法律的
illegal
(adj.)非法的
15．educate
(vt.)教育；训练
educated
(adj.)受过教育的；有教养的
B．阅读单词
16．mean
(adj.)吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
17．generous
(adj.)慷慨的；大方的
18．principle
(n.)法则；原则；原理
19．league
(n.)同盟；联盟；联合会
20．youth
(n.)青年；青年时期
21．fee
(n.)费；酬金
22．guidance
(n.)指导；领导
23．lawyer
(n.)律师
24．republic
(n.)共和国；共和政体
25．found
(vt.)建立；建设
26．relative
(n.)亲戚；亲属
27．terror
(n.)恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
28．cruelty
(n.)残忍；残酷
29．sentence
(vt.)判决；宣判
30．president
(n.)总统；会长；校长；行长
31．blanket
(n.)毯子；毛毯
32．unfair
(adj.)不公平的；不公正的
33．self
(n.)自我；自身
selfish
(adj.)自私的
selfless
(adj.)无私的；忘我的
selflessly
(adv.)无私地；忘我地
34．violence
(n.)暴力；暴行
violent
(adj.)暴力的；猛烈的
训练题
一、完形填空
（2016高考模拟选编）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。
体裁：夹叙夹议　话题：道德修养　词数：286　时间：16′
Karen，Judy
and
I
wer
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
the
last
ones
back
in
the
school
room
after
lunch
and
all
of
the
other
sixth
graders
were
already
playing
outside.
“Wow！How
__1__
it
wou
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld
be
to
write
on
the
blackboard
while
everyone
is
__2__，”
Judy
said.
“But
Mrs.Eiffler
doesn't
want
us
writing
on
the
__3__，”I
responded.
“Janet，everyone
is
ou
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tside.No
one
will
ever
__4__，”said
Karen，reaching
into
the
box
and
drawing
out
a
piece
of
__5__．Judy
also
began
drawing.
I
reluctantly
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(不情愿地)
__6__
my
friends，but
was
afraid
of
being
__7__．Then
Judy
had
an
idea.“We're
all
right handed.Let's
see
who
can
write
their
__8__
best
using
their
left
hand.”
Judy
and
Karen
star
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted
writing.I
chose
a
piece
of
white
chalk
from
the
box
and
wrote
my
name.
“We'd
better
get
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )this
board
cleaned
off
__9__
Mrs.Eiffler
comes
back，”said
Judy，eying
the
clock.She
picked
up
a(n)
__10__
and
began
removing
our
names
from
the
board.__11__
came
off，but
my
name!
I
__12__
looked
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
the
white
chalk
I
used
and
found
it
wasn't
chalk
at
all，but
a
white
crayon(蜡笔)！My
knees
felt
__13__．Hurriedly，we
tried
many
ways，but
my
name
still
__14__．At
last，Karen
got
a
knife
and
scraped
it.It
__15__
finally，but
we
left
an
abrasion(磨损处)
on
the
blackboard.
As
the
bell
rang，the
teacher
walked
in
soon.
Mrs.Eiffler
never
aske
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
about
the
abrasion
and
maybe
never
__16__
it.But
I
did.Every
time
I
walked
past
the
blackboard，I
__17__．
Although
over
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
forty
years
have
passed
since
the
event，I
__18__
remember
the
lesson.“No
one
will
ever
know”
is
never
__19__．Even
if
no
one
else
found
out，I
myself
knew.Sometimes
living
with
a
__20__
conscience
is
punishment
enough.
【语篇解读】　做亏心事时不要以为别人不知道，因为即使别人不知道你也会遭到良心的谴责。
1．A.useful
B．fun
C．stupid
D．necessary
答案　B　[当大家都在外面的时候在黑板上写字该是多么有趣的(fun)事啊！]
2．A.asleep
B．inside
C．outside
D．present
答案　C　[根据文章第
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一句中的“and
all
of
the
other
sixth
graders
were
already
playing
outside”可知，此处表示其他人都在外面(outside)。]
3．A.blackboard
B．book
C．desk
D．floor
答案　A　[根据上文中的“write
on
the
blackboard”可知，此处填blackboard。]
4．A.exist
B．know
C．laugh
D．refuse
答案　B　[根据文章最后一段中的“No
one
will
ever
know”可知，此处填know。]
5．A.cloth
B．wood
C．paper
D．chalk
答案　D　[她们在黑板上写字，应该是抽出一支粉笔(chalk)。]
6．A.invited
B．welcomed
C．guided
D．joined
答案　D　[联系下文可知，作者勉强加入(joined)到朋友们中，但是心里却很害怕被抓住(caught)。]
7．A.followed
B．praised
C．caught
D．affected
答案　C　[参见上题解析。]
8．A.address
B．class
C．name
D．dream
答案　C　[Judy有了个主意：“我
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们都习惯用右手，让我们看看谁能用左手将自己的名字(name)写得最棒。”下一段中的“I
chose
a
piece
of
white
chalk...my
name”也是提示。]
9．A.until
B．before
C．after
D．since
答案　B　[Judy说：“我们最好在Eiffler夫人回来之前(before)把黑板擦干净。”]
10．A.bucket
B．knife
C．eraser
D．box
答案　C　[根据后半句中的“removing”可知，她拿起了一块黑板擦(eraser)。]
11．A.Nothing
B．Everything
C．Anything
D．Something
答案　B　[所有的东西(Everything)都被擦掉了，除了作者的名字！]
12．A.proudly
B．hopefully
C．hardly
D．carefully
答案　D　[作者仔细地(carefully)观察她用过的白色粉笔，发现她拿的根本不是粉笔。]
13．A.weak
B．smooth
C．injured
D．bare
答案　A　[作者发现她拿的根本不是粉笔，而是一支白色的蜡笔！见此情形，作者的膝盖发软了。weak“软弱无力的”。]
14．A.changed
B．remained
C．hid
D．lost
答案　B　[她们试了很多方法，但是作者的名字仍然存在(remained)。]
15．A.broke
down
B．took
off
C．came
off
D．slowed
down
答案　C　[作者的名字最终被去掉(came
off)了，上文中的“__11__
came
off”也是提示。]
16.A.accepted
B．noticed
C．tolerated
D．used
答案　B　[Eiffler夫人从未问过黑板上那块磨损的地方是怎么回事，可能她从未注意到(noticed)它。]
17．A.agreed
B．hurried
C．failed
D．remembered
答案　D　[联系前一句可知，作者每次经过黑板的时候，都会回想起(remembered)那件事。]
18．A.still
B．hardly
C．never
D．sometimes
答案　A　[此句句首的Although表示转折关系，因此这里表示作者仍然(still)记得这个教训。]
19．A.true
B．typical
C．important
D．different
答案　A　[“没有人会知道”是绝对不正确的(true)。]
20．A.clear
B．social
C．guilty
D．good
答案　C　[有时候问心无愧(guilty)就已经是足够的惩罚了。]
二、阅读理解
（一）
阅读下列短文,
从给的四个选项
(A、B、C和D)
中,
选出最佳选项。
London's
newest
sky
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )scraper
(摩天大楼)
is
called
the
Shard
and
it
cost
about
430
million
pounds
to
build.At
a
height
of
almost
310
metres，it
is
the
tallest
building
in
Europe.The
Shard
has
completely
changed
the
appearance
of
London.However，not
everyone
thinks
that
it
is
a
change
for
the
better.
The
Shard
was
des
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )igned
by
the
famous
Italian
architect
Renzo
Piano.When
he
began
designing
the
Shard
for
London，Piano
wanted
a
very
tall
building
that
looked
like
a
spire(尖顶)．He
wanted
the
glass
surfaces
to
reflect
the
sky
and
the
city.The
sides
of
the
building
aren't
regular.So
the
building
has
an
unusual
shape.It
looks
like
a
very
thin，sharp
piece
of
broken
glass.And
that
is
how
the
building
got
the
name：the
Shard.Piano
says
that
the
spire
shape
of
the
Shard
is
part
of
a
great
London
tradition.The
shape
reminds
him
of
the
spires
of
the
churches
of
London
or
the
tall
masts(桅杆)
of
the
ships
that
were
once
on
the
river
Thames.
The
Shard
has
87
flo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ors.At
the
top，there
is
an
observatory.At
the
moment
the
building
is
empty，but
eventually
there
will
be
a
five star
hotel.There
will
also
be
top
quality
restaurants，apartments
and
offices.
Before
building
wo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rk
began，a
lot
of
people
didn't
want
the
Shard
though
the
plans
were
approved.Now
they
are
still
unhappy
about
the
Shard.Some
critics
say
that
such
a
tall
skyscraper
might
be
good
in
a
city
like
New
York，but
not
in
London.They
say
that
the
best
thing
about
the
Shard
is
its
spire
shape.But
that
is
the
only
thing.There
is
no
decoration，only
flat
surfaces.The
Egyptians
did
that
4,500
years
ago.They
also
think
the
Shard
is
too
big
for
London.It
destroys
the
beauty
of
the
city.
Other
critics
don't
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
like
what
the
Shard
seems
to
represent.They
say
that
the
Shard
shows
how
London
is
becoming
more
unequal.Only
very
rich
people
can
afford
to
buy
the
expensive
private
apartments
and
stay
in
the
hotel.But
the
people
who
live
near
the
Shard
are
among
the
poorest
in
London.So
the
Shard
seems
a
symbol
of
the
division
in
society
between
the
very
rich
and
the
poor.
The
Shard
now
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ominates
the
London
skyline.It
is
not
certain，however，that
ordinary
London
citizens
will
ever
accept
it
as
a
valuable
addition
to
the
city.
1．London's
newest
skyscraper
is
called
the
Shard
because
of
________.
A．its
cost
B．its
size
C．its
shape
D．its
height
2．When
he
designed
the
Shard，Piano
wanted
it
to
________.
A．change
London's
skyline
B．inherit
London's
tradition
C．imitate
the
Egyptian
style
D．attract
potential
visitors
3．The
critics
who
refer
to
social
division
think
the
Shard
________.
A．is
only
preferred
by
the
rich
B．is
intended
for
wealthy
people
C．is
far
away
from
the
poor
area
D．is
popular
only
with
Londoners
4．Which
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage
A．The
Shard：Cheers
and
Claps
B．The
Shard：Work
of
a
Great
Architect
C．The
Shard：New
Symbol
of
London
D．The
Shard：A
Change
for
the
Better
答案：
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )英国伦敦的地标性建筑——约310米高的欧洲第一高楼——“碎片大厦”。有人说这栋摩天大楼使伦敦看起来更漂亮，但更有批评意见一直伴随着大楼的诞生。
1．C　解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
looks
like
a
very
thin，sharp
piece
of
broken
glass.And
that
is
how
the
building
got
the
name：the
Shard.”可知，这栋楼的名字的由来是其外形像一块很薄、很锋利的碎玻璃片，因此选C项“它的形状”，而非它的“花费、尺寸或高度”。
2．B　解析：细节理解题。第
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二段中的Piano
says
that
the
spire
shape
of
the
Shard
is
part
of
a
great
London
tradition.(Piano说“碎片大厦”的尖顶外形是伦敦伟大传统的一部分。)解释了设计师的想法，与B项“继承伦敦的传统”相吻合。A项“改变伦敦的天际线”是结果而不是设计初衷，C项“模仿埃及风格”及D项“吸引潜在的游客”文中均未涉及。
3．B　解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“Only
very
rich
people
can
afford
to
buy
the
expensive
private
apartments
and
stay
in
the
hotel.”可知，谈到社会分化的批评家认为“碎片大厦”是“专为有钱人设计的(is
intended
for
wealthy
people)”。
4．D　解析：主旨大意题。全文介绍了欧
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )洲第一高楼——英国伦敦的“碎片大厦”。由第一段的最后一句“However，not
everyone
thinks
that
it
is
a
change
for
the
better.”可知，对于这个改变，毁誉参半，故D项“碎片大厦：更好的改变？”作为标题最为合适。A项“碎片大厦：欢呼与掌声”只关注了支持者，不够全面。
（二）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
Every
time
Lionel
Me
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssi
breaks
a
record,
it
seems
appropriate
to
compare
him
to
the
legends
that
came
before
him.
In
2012,
he
rewrote
so
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ccer
history
on
multiple
occasions,
and
his
latest
record
came
when
he
scored
his
86th
goal
of
the
calendar
year,
breaking
Gerd
Muller’s
previous
mark,
before
wrapping
up
the
year
with
91
goals.
All
statistics
ind
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icate
that
Messi
is
currently
the
best
player
in
the
world,
and
that
he
will
go
down
in
history
as
the
top
footballer
of
his
generation.
But
when
he
is
judged
against
all-time
greats
like
Pele
and
Diego
Maradona,
he
still
has
work
to
do.
We
don’t
know
wheth
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
the
Barcelona
striker
will
have
another
year
in
which
he
records
more
than
90
goals,
but
he
must
still
sustain(维持)a
similar
level
of
production
for
the
next
several
seasons.
Messi
has
already
ta
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ken
part
in
three
of
Barcelona’s
victorious
Champions
League(冠军联赛)campaigns,
and
he
played
an
important
role
in
two
of
them.
In
order
to
firmly
establish
himself
as
the
greatest
club
football
player
in
history,
he
must
win
the
tournament
a
few
more
times.
Most
importantly,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
Argentine(阿根廷人)needs
to
win
on
the
international
stage.
Regardless
of
what
Messi
does
for
Barcelona,
his
legacy
will
be
incomplete
if
he
cannot
win
the
World
Cup
with
Argentina.
Both
Pele
and
Mara
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dona
led
their
countries
to
the
top
of
international
soccer
during
their
careers,
and
Messi’s
performances
for
his
country
have
been
severely
disappointing.
While
he
was
still
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
teenager
in
2006-and
his
lackluster(平淡的)showing
is
excusable
due
to
his
youth-he
cannot
brush
off
the
disappointment
that
characterized
Argentina’s
performance
in
2010.
But
the
4-0
lo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss
to
Germany
in
the
2010
World
Cup
Quarter
Final
seems
to
have
sparked
Messi.
He
scored
12
times
for
Argentina
last
year,
and
the
next
World
Cup
could
finally
be
Messi’s
breakout
performance
in
blue
and
white
stripes.
Due
to
all
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
his
accomplishments,
it
is
easy
to
forget
that
the
extraordinary
footballer
is
just
25
years
old.
If
he
can
avoid
injury
or
lengthy
slumps(低潮状态)until
his
speed
and
skills
start
to
decline
due
to
age,
he
may
continue
to
break
records
and
win
trophies.
1.
What
will
Messi
ha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve
to
do
in
order
to
be
complete
in
his
soccer
career
A.
He
must
win
the
World
Cup
with
Argentina.
B.
He
must
win
the
tournament
a
few
more
times.
C.
He
must
defeat
Pele
and
Maradona.
D.
He
must
avoid
injury
or
lengthy
slumps.
2.
How
was
Messi’s
performance
in
2010
World
Cup
A.
Excellent.
B.
In
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )spiring.
C.
Disappointing.
D.
Normal.
3.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
passage
A.
Messi
has
firmly
es
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tablished
himself
as
the
greatest
club
soccer
player
in
history.
B.
Messi
will
try
his
best
to
win
the
next
World
Cup
with
Argentina.
C.
Messi
can
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )void
injury
and
lengthy
slumps
to
break
records
and
win
trophies.
D.
Pele
and
Mara
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dona
led
their
countries
to
the
top
of
international
soccer
during
their
careers.
4.
What
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage
A.
Lionel
Messi,
the
Best
Soccer
Player
of
All
Time
B.
Lionel
Messi,
the
Greatest
Soccer
Player
in
History
C.
Barcelona
and
Lionel
Messi
D.
World
Cup
and
Lionel
Messi
参考答案1--4.
ACBA
三、短文改错
(2015·河北衡水中学一调)
Good
morning，everyone
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).It's
great
honor
for
me
to
speak
here.My
name's
Li
Xiaojun，born
in
a
harmonious
family.My
father
and
mother
are
all
high
school
teachers.Influenced
by
them，I
read
widely
during
my
early
age，but
I've
developed
a
great
interest
in
arts
and
sports.I'm
easy－going，get
along
well
with
my
classmates.
It
is
this
personal
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ity
which
helps
me
win
over
all
my
classmates'
friendships，and
also
help
me
overcome
many
difficulties
both
in
academic
and
personal
life.Being
admitted
in
your
university
has
always
been
a
beautiful
dream
for
me.I
dream
constantly
that
I，along
with
mine
classmates，will
study
happy
with
the
help
of
the
respectable
professors.I
dream
that
I
will
swim
freely
in
the
sea，enjoying
the
waves
of
knowledge.
I
hope
all
my
dream
will
come
true
in
the
near
future.Thank
you.
1．解析　考查抽象名词具体化。honor此处用作可数名词。
答案　It's
∧a
2．解析　考查不定代词的用法。爸爸和妈妈，是两个人。both两者都；all
三者或以上都。
答案　all→both或去掉all
3．解析　考查行文间的逻辑关系。根据意思，两个分句之间是并列关系。
答案　but→and
4．解析　考查非谓语动词或动词的用法。前面是系表结构，故get应当为非谓语形式getting，也可理解为并列谓语，故也可添加and。
答案　get→getting/and
get
5．解析　考查强调句型。这里是强调结构，强调主语this
personality。
答案　which→that
6．解析　考查主谓一致。根据并列连词and可知此空与前面的谓语动词helps应当一致。
答案　help→helps
7．解析　考查固定短语中的介词。“被……接纳或录取”通常译为be
admitted
to。
答案　in→to
8．解析　考查名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的用法。名词前应当使用形容词性物主代词。
答案　mine→my
9．解析　考查形容词与副词的转换。副词作状语，修饰动词study。
答案　happy→happily
10．解析　考查语境中名词的用法。dream为可数名词，限定词all之后的可数名词要用复数形式。
答案　dream→dreams